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Atmospheric Tanks
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Section a Atmospheric Polyethylene Tanks Section b Vertical Atmospheric FRP Tanks Section c Atmospheric Steel Tanks
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Section a 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Scope Materials Design Dimensions and Tolerances Test Methods Fabrication Packaging and Shipping Page
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1.2
2.0 Materials
2.1 The materials used shall be virgin polyethylene resin as compounded and certified by the manufacturer. LMDPE and LHDPE tanks shall be made from linear polyethylene resin. All polyethylene resin materials shall contain a U.V. stabilizer, as compounded by the resin manufacturer. Pigments may be added at the purchasers request, but shall not exceed 0.25% (dry blended) of the total weight.
2.2
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2.4
Mechanical Properties of LHDPE tank material: Property Density (Resin) Tensile (Strength @ Yield) % Elongation at Break ESCR (100% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) ESCR (10% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) Flexural Modulus ASTM D4883 D638 D638 D1693 D1693 D790 Value 0.942 g/cm3 2700 psi 350% >1000 hours 200 hours 103,000 PSI
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The hydrostatic design stress shall be determined by multiplying the hydrostatic design basis, determined by ASTM D2837 using rotationally molded samples, with a service factor selected for the application. The hydrostatic design stress is 600 PSI at 73 F for Type I & II material. The hydrostatic design stress shall be derated for elevated service temperatures and for mechanical loading of the tank.
3.1.2
3.2
The minimum required wall thickness for the cylinder straight shell must be sufficient to support its own weight in an upright position without any external support. The tank is to be rotation-molded in one-piece seamless construction. Inner and outer surfaces of this tank shall be smooth. All day tanks will be complete with: Reinforced flat roof with manway. Flat bottom. Connections for fill, vent, overflow, drain, outlet and level switch. Agitation mounting brackets (if required). Metering pump stands (if required).
3.3
3.4
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6.0 Fabrication
6.1 Flat bottom tanks shall be fully supported. The bottom shall be flat and without any projections that will prevent uniform contact with the support surface when the tank is filled. The knuckle radius shall not be less than 1. The knuckle thickness shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness. The minimum nominal wall thickness shall not be less than 0.1875. The required minimum shell thickness shall be calculated by the method described in paragraph 3.1 design requirements. The nominal wall thickness for open top rectangular tanks shall not be less than 0.1875. For tanks with capacities greater than 60 USG, support frames are required. Two basic roof designs are acceptable, i.e. domed roof or ribbed roof. The ribbed roof design shall be complete with integrally molded ribs for rigidity. The dome roof shall have inherent rigidity.
6.2
6.3
6.4
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7.0 Packaging/Shipping
All polyethylene tanks shall be packaged with a plastic stretch wrap.
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Section b 1.0 2.0 3.0 Scope References Design
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 General Loads Roof Bottom Cylindrical Shell Circumferential Joints Nozzles Manways Vents and Overflow Connections Support and Hold Down Lugs Internal Attachments External Attachments Lifting Lugs
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4.0
Materials of Construction
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Resin Reinforcement Fasteners Gaskets
5.0 6.0
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2.0 References
The latest editions or revisions of the following references are part of this specification. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads B1.20.1 Pipe Threads B16.5 Pipe Flanges & Flanged Fittings B16.21 Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges B18.2.1 Square & Hex Bolts & Screws B18.2.2 Square & Hex Nuts American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section X Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C582 Contact Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Laminates for Corrosion Resistant Equipment D2583 Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol lmpressor D2584 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins D3299 Filament Wound Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical Resistant Tanks D4097 Contact-Molded Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical Resistant Tanks E1067 Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Resin Tanks/Vessels Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) SP25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Fittings, Flanges & Unions
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Figure 1-3: Resin Maintenance Tank for Packed Bed Ion Exchangers
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3.1.5
The outer surface of all tanks shall be relatively smooth and no glass fibers shall be exposed. On custom contact-molded tanks the final ply shall be mat or spray up. All cut edges exposed to the chemical environment shall be coated with resin. The resin shall be suitable for the service and shall contain paraffin to ensure adequate surface cure. Tanks shall comply with ASTM D3299 for filament wound construction and ASTM D4097 for contact molded construction.
3.1.6
3.2
Loads 3.2.1 The maximum diameter of a vertical storage tank shall be limited to 14 feet and the maximum straight shell height shall be limited to 25 feet. Tanks shall be designed for the maximum depth of liquid taking into consideration the specific gravity of the liquid. The minimum allowable thickness of the roof, bottom or shell shall be 1/4. The minimum design temperature shall be 20 F and the maximum operating temperature shall not exceed the resin manufacturers recommended temperatures. Wind load calculations shall be based on the appropriate standard for outside applications with the speed as determined by the geographic location. Seismic design shall be based on the appropriate standard as determined by the geographic location.
3.2.2
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Flat Top
Dome
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3.7.2
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3.7.4
All flange bolt holes shall straddle the natural tank centerlines unless otherwise noted on the drawing. Overall machining of the backs of the flanges shall not be permitted. The back of the flanges shall be spot-faced in accordance with ANSI B27.2 for type A washers.
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Vent Overflow
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Figure 1-9: Support and Hold Down Lugs The tank shall be uniformly supported on the flat bottom. The hold down lugs shall be positioned so that they do not protrude beyond the bottom of the tank. There shall be a minimum of four lugs on small tanks that are less than 15'-0 tall and they shall be equally spaced around the tank. All other tanks shall have a minimum of eight lugs and they shall be equally spaced around the tank. They shall be suitably designed to accommodate the maximum deflection and withstand all loads as defined above. 3.11 Internal Attachments All internal brackets shall be attached to the tank and suitably reinforced to withstand the operating and dead loads. The corrosion-resistant barrier shall be at least equivalent to the inner surface and inner layer of the tank. 3.12 External Attachments All brackets shall be attached to the tank and suitably reinforced to withstand the operating and dead loads. 3.13 Lifting Lugs Two lifting lugs shall be provided on the upper side shell or the roof of the tank, equally spaced at 180 intervals, and one lifting lug shall be provided on the lower side shell of the tank. They shall be suitable for handling the tank for installation.
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Isophthalic Polyester or Vinylester lsophthalic Polyester or Vinylester Vinylester lsophthalic Polyester or Vinylester Vinylester Vinylester
4.2.2
4.2.3
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Internal connections:
Should the service require the application of Carpenter 20 or Hastelloy C276 the following bolting material shall be used; Carpenter 20: Studs ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CB Nuts ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CB Hastelloy C: Studs ASTM SB574 GRADE C276 Nuts ASTM SB574 GRADE C276 4.4 Gaskets Unless otherwise noted all gaskets shall be fabricated from ethylene propylene (EPDM). Full-faced gaskets shall be used on flat-faced flanges. All gaskets shall be 1/8 thick. The pressure rating of the gasket shall match that of the adjoining flange. All gaskets in sulfuric acid service shall be Teflon and shall otherwise conform to o the above paragraph. Gaskets for hydrochloric acid service O38% and O70 F shall be EDPM, at higher temperatures Viton shall be used.
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Prior to inspection, all dirt and extraneous material shall be removed from the tank interior. All surface markings, coatings and contaminants shall be removed prior to inspection.
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.2
Leak Test When requested all tanks shall be tested for leaks by filling the tank with water to the maximum liquid design level and inspected for leaks. An alternate method is low pressure air (5 psig) and a soap solution.
6.3
Dimensional Inspection Each tank shall be inspected to ensure that all dimensions have been held within tolerance.
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8.0 Documentation
A data book shall be prepared for each tank. It shall contain as a minimum the following: A quality control check list travel sheet. A nameplate rubbing. All test results.
9.0 Shipping
FRP tanks shall not be shipped by rail. Cylindrical tanks shipped in the horizontal position shall be blocked to prevent shifting. Preferably the tanks shall be shipped in padded craddles. Tanks should be loaded to provide a minimum of 2" clearance between the tank and the trailer bed. When a tank is shipped in the vertical position it shall be securely fastened to a pallet or skid. Flange faces shall be protected from damage by a cover firmly attached to the tank flange. All openings shall be closed to prevent the ingress of any foreign material.
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Section c 1.0 2.0 3.0 Scope References Design
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 General Loads 2:1 Semi-Elliptical Heads Cylindrical Shell Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints Nozzles Manways Support Saddles for Horizontal Tanks Internal Attachments External Attachments Lifting Lugs Tolerances
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4.0
Materials of Construction
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 General Heads Cylindrical Shell Nozzles Manways Supports Internal Attachments External Attachments Lifting Lugs Fasteners Gaskets
5.0
Fabrication
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Weld Procedures and Qualifications Cleaning, Surface Preparation and Cleanliness Filler Metal Pre-Heat and Post-Weld Heat Treatment Nameplate Documentation
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Section c 6.0 Inspection, Examination and Testing
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) Leak Test Special Pressure Tests Dimensional Inspection
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7.0
Appendix A
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2.0 References
The latest editions or revisions of the following references are part of this specification American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section II Material Specification Section V Non-Destructive Examination Section VIII Division 1 Pressure Vessels Section IX Welding & Brazing Qualifications American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads B1.20.1 Pipe Threads B16.5 Pipe Flanges & Flanged Fittings B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding & Threaded B16.21 Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges B18.2.1 Square & Hex Bolts & Screws B18.2.2 Square & Hex Nuts B36.10 Welded & Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe Manufacturers SP25 SP43 SP44 Standardization Society (MSS) Standard Marking Systems For Valves, Fittings, Flanges & Unions Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings Steel Pipe Line Flanges
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3.1.2
All horizontal storage tanks shall have (in addition to paragraph 3.1.1): ASME 2:1 semi-elliptical heads. Two support saddles. Maximum diameter of 14-0 and maximum straight shell of 25-0.
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Figure 1-12: Reinforced Strainer Plate Flat bottom. Two manways, one in plenum, one in filter chamber. Two vent connections in filter compartment.
Vents
Figure 1-13: Two Vent Connections and Internal Inlet Distributor Transfer pipe between plenum and backwash compartment. Integral inlet distributor. Outlet weir. Connections for drain, air scour, service outlet.
Telephone:(519) 836-0500, Fax:(519) 837-3067, Website www.glegg.com
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3.2.2
3.3
2:1 Semi-elliptical Heads The minimum nominal plate thickness exclusive of any corrosion allowance shall not be less than 1/4. The heads shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 1. The heads shall be fabricated from a minimum number of pieces butt-welded together with full penetration welds
3.4
Cylindrical Shell The minimum nominal plate thickness exclusive of any corrosion allowance shall not be less than 1/4". The required minimum shell thickness shall be in accordance with API650.
3.5
Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints 3.5.1 Longitudinal joints shall not be located where an obstruction may interfere with proper inspection of the weld. These welds shall be full-penetration butt joints. Longitudinal joints in adjacent shell courses shall not be aligned. They shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the shell plate thickness. Circumferential joints in adjacent shells shall be full-penetration butt joints.
3.5.2
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3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.7
Manways In all large vertical storage tanks there shall be one manway in the top cover and one manway in the lower-sided shell. In all horizontal tanks there shall be one manway in the top of the cylindrical shell. All day tanks shall have an 18 x 18 rectangular access manway in the top head. The manway cover shall be complete with handles. The nominal plate thickness for the neck, flange and cover shall not be less than 1/4.
3.8
Support Saddles for Horizontal Tanks 3.8.1 The tank shall be supported on two saddles. Saddle design shall be based on L. P. Zicks analysis as detailed in the Pressure Vessel Handbook. The following design conditions apply: The centerlines of the saddles are located R/2 from the head tangent lines, where R is the tank radius. The wear plate extends R/10 above the horn of the saddle. The wear plate width is equal to the width of the saddle plus 1.5 (Rt)0.5, where t is the thickness of the shell plate excluding the corrosion allowance.
3.8.2
Each saddle shall consist of a wear plate, a base plate, a web and stiffener ribs. One base plate shall have two anchor bolt holes and the other shall have anchor bolt slots to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
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Attitude of connections and attachments Size of connections and attachments Elevation of internal clips
Size of internal clips and fittings Radial dimensions of head connections and attachments
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4.4.3
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5.0 Fabrication
5.1 Weld Procedures and Qualifications 5.1.1 The following welding processes are acceptable: Submerged Arc Welding (SAW). Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) with an inert shielding gas. Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW) with an inert shielding gas. The GMAW process is not to be used for any root passes.
5.1.2
All welding shall be performed by qualified welders using qualified welding procedures. Welders, welding operators and welding procedures shall be qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX. Welding procedure specifications (WPS) and procedure qualifications (PQR) shall be available for review upon request.
5.1.3
5.2
Cleaning, Surface Preparation and Cleanliness 5.2.1 All surfaces to be welded shall be cleaned and free of moisture, paint, oil, grease, rust, scale or other material that would be detrimental to either the weld or base metal under welding conditions. Each layer of weld metal of multipass welding shall be thoroughly cleaned of slag and other deposits before applying the next pass. Peening is not permitted. Double-welded groove welds shall have their root passes back-gouged to sound metal on the reverse side before proceeding with the weld on that side. 5.2.2 Surface preparation for welds is acceptable only if the surface is reasonably smooth and true and all slag is cleaned from flame-cut surfaces. Take suitable precaution to protect cleaned surfaces from contamination after cleaning until welding is complete.
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6.3
Special Pressure Tests All reinforcing pads shall be tested with air at 15 psig. After the test the vent holes shall be filled with stiff grease.
6.4
Dimensional Inspection Each tank shall be inspected to ensure that all dimensions have been held within tolerance.
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