Code No: RR310803 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. A 15mm dia steel sphere ,k = 42W/m0 C, is exposed to cooling airflow at 200 C

resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120 W/m2.C. Determine

(a) Time required to cool the sphere from 550 to 900 C

(b) Instantaneous H T rate 2 min. after the start of the cooling
(c) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
Data: Density = 7850 kg/m3 , Cp = 475 J/kg0 C and α=0.045 m2 /h [8+4+4]

2. (a) Explain the critical radius concept in case of curved insulation. [8]
(b) Derive an expression for critical radius for a tube lagged with an insulation
material. [8]

3. (a) How is the coefficient of cubical expansion for liquids evaluated? Derive the
expression for the same. [8]
(b) Air at 250 C flows normally to 0.03m outer diameter water pipe with a velocity
of 1m/s. If the surface temperature of the pipe is 750 C, estimate the heat
transfer per unit length. Use the correlation Nu = 0.683 (P r)0.333 (Re)0.466 .
The relevant properties of air are: Thermal conductivity is 0.0282 W/(m.K).
Kinematic viscosity is 1.795 × 10− 5 m2 /s. Pr is 0.698. [8]

4. Benzene is cooled from 610 C to 210 C in the inner pipe of a double pipe heat
exchanger. Cooling water flows countercurrently to the benzene, entering the jacket
at 160 C and leaving at 270 C. The linear velocity of benzene is 1.52 m/s and that of
the water is 1.25 m/s. Neglecting the wall and scale resistances, compute the film
coefficients of the benzene and water and the overall coefficient based on the outside
area of the inner pipe. The inner diameter and outer diameter of the inner tube
are 0.0189 m and 0.0222 m respectively. The inside diameter of the jacket is 0.0409
m. The physical properties of benzene and water at the average temperatures are
given in the table below: [16]
Property Benzene Water
Density kg/m3 851 998
Viscosity kg/m-s 4.795 × 10 −4
9.67× 10−4
Thermal conductivity W/ (m.K) 0.1549 0.598
Specific heat kJ/(kg.K) 1.8212 4.187
Viscosity correction factor 0.969 1.018

5. (a) Explain about film boiling. [6]

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 1
(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of film wise and drop wise condensation. [10]

6. A black body of total area 0.045 m2 is completely enclosed in a sphere bounded by

5 cm thick walls. The walls have a surface area 0.5 m2 and the thermal conductivity
is 1.1 W/m.C. If the inner surface of the enveloping wall is to be maintained at
2150 C and the outer wall surface is at 300 C calculate the temperature of the black
body. Black body radiation constant, = σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2 K 4 . [16]

7. (a) A heat exchanger of total outside surface area of 17.5 m2 is to be used for
cooling oil at 200oC with a mass flow rate of 2.77 kg/s having a specific heat
of 1.9 kJ/kgK. Water at a flow rate of 0.83 kg/s is available at 20o C as a
cooling agent. Calculate the exit temperature of the oil if the heat exchanger
is operated in a parallel flow mode by NTU method. [8]
(b) Explain the constructional features and working of plate type heat exchanger.
[8]

8. (a) Discuss the salient features of multiple effect evaporators. [8]

(b) Explain the various feeding methods employed in evaporators. [8]

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A 15mm dia steel sphere ,k = 42W/m0 C, is exposed to cooling airflow at 200 C

resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120 W/m2.C. Determine

(a) Time required to cool the sphere from 550 to 900 C

(b) Instantaneous H T rate 2 min. after the start of the cooling
(c) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
Data: Density = 7850 kg/m3 , Cp = 475 J/kg0 C and α=0.045 m2 /h [8+4+4]

2. A hot chamber has an 8 cm thick inner layer of fire brick (k = 1.04W/m0 C) and a
13 cm outer layer of ordinary brick ( k = 0.69 W/m0 C). The inside and out side
temperatures. are 400 and 750 C, respectively. Considering that the outer surface
temperature. is too high, it is decided to apply a 5 cm thick layer of plaster on the
outer surface. On doing so , the outer skin surface temperature. reduced to 600 C
and the rate of heat loss decreases by 250 W/m2 of the wall area. Calculate the k
of the layer of plaster. [16]

3. (a) Show by dimensional analysis that data for natural convection may be cor-
related by an equation of the form: Nu= φ (Gr, Pr) where Nusselt number
Nu = (hl/k); Grashof number Gr = (ρ2 gβ∆tl3 /µ2 ) and Prandtl number Pr =
(µcp /k). [8]
(b) A horizontal plate at 2000 C and facing upwards has been placed in still air
at 200 C. If the plate measures 1.25 m × 1.0 m, make calculations for heat
loss by natural convection. The convective film coefficient for free convection
is given by the following empirical equation
h = 0.32 (θ )0.25 W/m20 K
where θ is mean film temperature in K . [8]

4. (a) Determine the hydraulic radius for the following cross sections:
i. Circular tube of diameter D
ii. Square tube of dimensions s × s. [4+4]
(b) Estimate the heat transfer from a 40 W incandescent bulb at 1250 C to 250 C
in quiescent air. Approximate the bulb as a 0.05 m diameter sphere. What
percentage of the power is lost by free convection? The appropriate correlation
for the free convection coefficient is Nu=0.60(GrP r)0.25 where the different
parameters are evaluated at the mean film temperature and the characteristic
length is diameter of the sphere. The properties at mean temperature are
Thermal conductivity is 0.03 W/(m.K)

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 2
Kinematic viscosity is 20.55 × 10−6 m2 /s
Pr = 0.693. [8]

5. (a) Calculate the heat-transfer coefficient for film boiling of water at 1 atm on
submerged horizontal tubes 1\2 , 1 and 2 in. in diameter, with a surface
temperature of 180o C. [5]
(b) How does the effect of the tube diameter compare with the effect of tube
diameter for condensing steam? [5]
(c) Compare the equations for film boiling and for film condensation on horizontal
tubes, pointing out the similarities and the differences.
Properties of water
ρ = 968 kg/m3
k = 0.58 w/mo C
Cp = 4180 j/kg oC
µ = 1.14 x 10−6 N.sec/m2 [6]

6. State and explain the following laws relating to thermal radiation and temperature
of a radiating body:

(a) Plank’s law [5]

(b) Stefan Boltzman law [5]
(c) Wien’s displacement law [6]

7. (a) Hot oil (Cp =5.2 kJ/kg.k) with a capacity rate of 2800 Kg/min flows through
a double pipe heat exchanger. It enters at 380oC and leaves at 300o C. Cold
oil (Cp = 4.8 kJ/kgk) enters at 30o C and leaves at 200o C. If the overall heat
transfer coefficient is 1000 W/m2 K, determine the heat transfer area required
for
i. Parallel flow and
ii. Counter flow [4+4]
(b) Define overall heat transfer coefficient and write an expression for it by ac-
counting fouling resistances at the inner and outer tube surfaces in shell and
tube heat exchanger. [8]

8. (a) With a neat diagram explain a long vertical tube evaporator. [8]
(b) Discuss the accessories used in evaporators. [8]

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A 15mm dia steel sphere ,k = 42W/m0 C, is exposed to cooling airflow at 200 C

resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120 W/m2.C. Determine

(a) Time required to cool the sphere from 550 to 900 C

(b) Instantaneous H T rate 2 min. after the start of the cooling
(c) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
Data: Density = 7850 kg/m3 , Cp = 475 J/kg0 C and α=0.045 m2 /h [8+4+4]

2. (a) Develop an expression for temperature distribution in a slab made of single

material. [8]
(b) Calculate the rate of heat loss through a plane of homogeneous wall whose
thickness is considerably smaller than its width and length. Assuming the
wall to be made from steel (k = 40 w/m K), concrete (k =1.2), Diatomite
brick (k= 0.12). Wall thickness for all the materials is equal to 5cm. The
inner and outer surfaces are at 1000oC and 1000 C respectively. [8]

3. Oil at 250 C is heated in a horizontal tube 15m long having a surface temperature
of 500 C. The pipe has an inner diameter of 0.05 m. The oil flow rate is 1 kg/s at
inlet temperature. What will be the oil temperature as it leaves the tubes? What
is the average heat transfer coefficient? The flow rate is in the laminar region. The
properties of the oil are:
Specific gravity 0.8
Thermal conductivity 0.125 W/M 0 K
Specific heat 3.14 KJ/kg 0K
Viscosity at 500 C is 0.025 kg/m-s.
Viscosity at 250 C is 0.015 kg/m-s. [16]

4. (a) Determine the hydraulic radius for the following cross sections:
i. Circular tube of diameter D
ii. Square tube of dimensions s × s. [4+4]
(b) Estimate the heat transfer from a 40 W incandescent bulb at 1250 C to 250 C
in quiescent air. Approximate the bulb as a 0.05 m diameter sphere. What
percentage of the power is lost by free convection? The appropriate correlation
for the free convection coefficient is Nu=0.60(GrP r)0.25 where the different
parameters are evaluated at the mean film temperature and the characteristic
length is diameter of the sphere. The properties at mean temperature are
Thermal conductivity is 0.03 W/(m.K)

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 3
Kinematic viscosity is 20.55 × 10−6 m2 /s
Pr = 0.693. [8]

5. Water at 0.5 M Pa flows through a Ni-tube (D=25 mm) under local boiling condi-
tions where the tubewall temperature is 10o K above the saturation temperature.
Determine the heat transfer rate per meter length of the tube.
Thermal properties of water
ρ = 968 kg/m3
k = 0.58 w/mo C
Cp = 4180 j/kg oC
µ = 1.14 x 10−6 N.sec/m2 [16]

6. (a) Explain in detail how the combined heat losses by conduction, convection and
radiation can be estimated. [6]
(b) Give three practical examples for the above situation. [5]
(c) Write a note on radiation in film boiling. [5]

7. (a) Write briefly about condensers used in evaporation [8]

(b) Derive an expression for LMTD in case of a counter - current flow double pipe
heat exchanger [8]

8. (a) Discuss the different methods of feeding in evaporator with neat diagrams. [8]
(b) State and explain the Duhrings rule. [8]

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A 15mm dia steel sphere ,k = 42W/m0 C, is exposed to cooling airflow at 200 C

resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120 W/m2.C. Determine

(a) Time required to cool the sphere from 550 to 900 C

(b) Instantaneous H T rate 2 min. after the start of the cooling
(c) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
Data: Density = 7850 kg/m3 , Cp = 475 J/kg0 C and α=0.045 m2 /h [8+4+4]

2. The outside and inside surface temperatures of a 20cm outer diameter and 18cm
inner diameter pipe (k=40W/mK) are 400o C and 460o C respectively. Calculate
the reduction in heat loss if a 5cm layer of insulation (k=0.06 W/mK) is put on the
pipe. Assume that the inner and outer surface temperature of insulation is 390o C
and 140o C . What is the inside surface temperature of this pipe in this case? [16]

3. (a) How the local and average convection coefficients for flow past a flat plate are
related? Derive the relationship. [8]
(b) Water at 750 C flows through a 0.005 m diameter tube with a velocity of 1m/s.
If the tube wall temperature is 250 C, make calculations for the heat transfer
coefficient. Use the correlation,
St = 0.023 Re0.2 P r −0.667 .
The thermo-physical properties of water are:
Thermal conductivity is 0.647 W/(m.K) Viscosity is 1.977 kg/h.m
3
Density is 1000 kg/m Specific heat 4.187 kJ/(kg.K)
[8]

4. (a) Explain in detail the jH vs. NRe chart used for computing film coefficient.[8]
(b) A liquid is cooled from 610 C to 210 C in a pipe of 0.0222 m inner diameter at
a linear velocity of 1.5 m/s at constant surface temperature. Estimate heat
transfer coefficient neglecting viscosity correction. Given data are:
Prandtl number is 5.7
Thermal conductivity is 0.15 W/(m.K)
Viscosity is 0.005 kg/m.s
Density is 850 kg/m3 . [8]

5. (a) Write a short notes on pool boiling of saturated liquid. [8]

(b) Explain the effect of pressure on maximum boiling heat flux and critical tem-
perature drop. [8]

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Code No: RR310803 Set No. 4
6. (a) State and prove Kirchoff’s law of radiation. [5]
(b) What restrictive conditions are inherent in the derivation of Kirchoff’s law?
[5]
(c) Explain the utility of this law. [6]

7. (a) Derive an expression for LMTD for a parallel flow double pipe heat exchanger
[6]
(b) Explain the method of correcting LMTD for a multipass shell and tube heat
exchanger. [5]
(c) Why is a counter current flow heat exchanger more suitable than a parallel
flow heat exchanger. [5]

8. A solution is to be concentrated from 10 % to 50% solids in a single effect evapora-

tor. Steam is available at 2 bar absolute. The vapour space inside the evaporator
is at 100 mm Hg vacuum. The feed rate to the evaporator is 25,000 kg/hr. Overall
heat transfer coefficient is 2840 W/m2 oC . Specific heat of solution is 3700 J/Kg o C.
Calculate the area of heating surface required if the feed is at 50o C. Latent heat of
vaporization at steam temperature = 2197 kJ/kg, at temperature in vapour space
= 2375 kJ/kg. Specific whose feed solution in 3.77 kJ/kg k. [16]

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