ENGR 150 Engineering Graphics

Spring 2009

Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing

ENGR 150 Engineering Graphics

Plumbing and Industrial Piping

product parts assemblies

Building Services
Plumbing HVAC

Industrial Piping
Routing and supporting pipes

Fluid Power
Hydraulic and pneumatic applications

Building Services Plumbing

Work with building architect
National Plumbing Code Fire prevention systems Heating systems

Industrial Piping
Power stations, fueling stations, processing plants. Size and location of:
pipes fittings valves equipment
DOUBLE LINE

Orthographic Drawing
Floor plan fixtures Mechanical plan piping

Isometric Drawings piping Specifications type/grade of material, quality of work, responsibility, etc. Needed for:
Estimation Construction

Single line Double line (>12)

SINGLE LINE

Piping Drawings
1.

1. Site Plan
First drawing created a large-scale map of the construction site. Shows building outlines, major pipe racks & large underground pipes
A new expansion is shown in a way to distinguish it from the rest of the site The client can decide on any changes in the location of the new facility

Site Plan a large-scale map of the construction site.

Building outlines, major pipe racks & large underground pipes

2. 3.

Schematic process flow, mechanical flow, P&ID Orthographic

Plan view horizontal dimensions are center to center of pipe Elevation view vertical locations are elevations from a base. Leader line or line balloon (diameter - type - number) Pipe flow arrows Equipment, supports etc. shown as thin or phantom lines.

4.

Isometric and Spool for fabrication

Eric Smiley 2006

ENGR 150 Engineering Graphics

Spring 2009

2. Flow Diagram and P&ID

A schematic NOT to scale. Uses symbols to represent equipment, piping & instrumentation. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is like a flow diagram.
It uses symbols and isnt drawn to scale, BUT, it contains more detailed information; such as pipe fittings and all instrumentation

3. General Arrangement: Plan

building outline steel columns equipment location centerline dimensions

3. General Arrangement: Elevation

Useful in locating equipment, piping runs, electrical conduit racks & HVAC

4. Piping Drawings

Examples: Piping Symbols

Flange Screw Bell and Spigot Weld Solder Gate Valve Globe Valve
6800

Piping Single Line Plan

4000 9400

Check Valve Reducer

4000

Eric Smiley 2006

2800

4000

ENGR 150 Engineering Graphics

Spring 2009

Piping Single Line Elevation

Piping Isometrics and Spools

Drawn for each piece of pipe involved in the process system Piping isometric
Pictorial representation of a single run of pipe

CEILING EL 30.5

200 EL 28.5 BOP 27.0 150 EL 26.5 NOZZLE EL 25.0 100 PUMP 1 EL 24.0

Spool drawing
Orthographic or isometric subassembly of a portion of the pipe run

Scale and Direction

Isometrics are seldom drawn to scale Pipe length should be proportional IMPORTANT: dimensions accurate North arrow should point to the upper-right (or upper-left) corner of the paper

Isometric planes:
Three planes in isometric drawings Several ways for valves and fitting to be shown If pipes are parallel in layout, theyll be parallel in isometric

Orienting fittings and valves

Good methods and poor methods The general rule: Draw the fittings so they are parallel to the last direction change or branch in the pipe.
Not ice how the flow of the isometric is continuous and provides a clear picture of the pipe run

Fittings and Elbows

Fitting symbols are the same as on plan & elevation drawings BUT at an isometric angle In this class we will use square corner elbows
Curved Elbow Representation

Not following the general rule leads to a chaotic looking isometric it doesnt look professional

Squared Elbow Representation

Eric Smiley 2006

ENGR 150 Engineering Graphics

Spring 2009

Isometric Dimensioning & Labeling

1. Best way to dimension a pipe is to its centerline at the intersection point 2. Try to keep all dimensions outside the piping view when possible 3. Dimensions should ALWAYS be shown between points in the same plane 4. One of the extension lines of the dimension should be a centerline of the run of pipe 5. Vertical lines of text should always be parallel with extension lines

Isometric lettering:
If the pipe is vertical, the lettering should be written vertically and at 30 angle If pipe is in horizontal plane, the lettering will appear as if it is lying down and will be oriented on both 30 angles Dimensions appear to be lying down if the pipe is horizontal or standing on end if the pipe is vertical.

Offsets
Indicates that a piece of pipe is shifted from one line of direction to another Done with a fitting (typically a 45 elbow) You may have some artistic license in making a piping drawing.

Horizontal Offsets
Horizontal pipe with a 45 elbow running from SE to NW. Drawn technically correct, it would look like a vertical line To prevent confusion, the offset is drawn 22 from vertical to give the illusion of the angle.

Vertical Offsets
Can be just as confusing as a horizontal offset. Use:
22 squaring in planes

Squaring-in Plane

FYI: As a drafter, you should always be aware of some of the confusing qualities inherent to isometric piping drawings and take measures to ensure the drawings are easily understood.

Eric Smiley 2006