Science 8 Experiment

IDENTIFYING MIXTURES VERSUS PURE SUBSTANCES AND MAKING MIXTURES PURPOSE:

The purpose of this experiment is to learn how to identify a substance as a pure substance or a mixture, in addition to learning how to make various types of mixtures. to !.

MATERIAL: Set of 11 test tubes, labeled

" or # watch glasses " or # dropping pipets " or # small rubber stoppers hot plate $ot $and%

SPECIAL NOTES READ BEFORE PROCEEDING!

a& This experiment re'uires you to answer 'uestions based on exactly what you see. (f you make poor or incomplete observations, you will not be able to answer the 'uestions correctly. b& proper observation describes everything that you see, including) * whether all, none or only part of a substance dissolves. * the colour of everything and especially whether a substance is CLEAR +so that you can see through it& or TRANSLUCENT +so that it looks ,milky- or ,cloudy-&, or OPAQUE +so that no light can pass through&.

c& (f you mix a chemical with water or another chemical, and you see * T./ SE0 1 TE 2(34(5 2 6E1S /1 S/2(5 2 6E1 /7 T$E 8/TT/9 75 2(34(5 2 6E1 /7 T/0, the mixture is a MECHANICAL MIXTURE . * /726 /7E :2E 1 2(34(5, the mixture is a SOLUTION . +(f a solid and a li'uid are mixed and only a few specks of solid remain undissolved, you can assume that the rest of the solid would dissolve with a little more shaking and therefore the mixture is forming a S/24T(/7. (f a 'uarter or more of the solid remains, the mixture is a 9E:$ 7(: 2 9(;T41E and the original substance was a 9E:$ 7(: 2 9(;T41E of solids.& * :2/456 /1 9(2!6 2(34(5 75 7/ SE0 1 TE S/2(5 /1 2(34(5 2 6E1, the mixture is a SUSPENSION . d& To properly shake a li'uid, the test tube must be 7/ 9/1E T$ 7 #<= >422. 0ut a rubber stopper in the test tube to be shaken and 'uickly shake the li'uid back and forth between the stopper end and the bottom end of the test tube. :ontinue for the re'uired time. e& (n this experiment, IGNORE ANY BUBBLES THAT YOU SEE IN THE LIQUIDS . They are ?ust trapped air and are not significant.

PROCEDURE:
1. 4se a dropping pipet to suck up some of the li'uid in test tube A and put /7E 51/0 of the li'uid on a watch glass. 5ispose of the remaining li'uid in the pipet by s'uirting the li'uid into the sink and washing out the pipet with water. 0lace the watch glass on a hot plate for two minutes, remove the watch glass using a $ot $and, and desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. ". 4se a dropping pipet to suck up some of the li'uid in test tube B and put /7E 51/0 of the li'uid on a watch glass. 5ispose of the remaining li'uid in the pipet by s'uirting the li'uid into the sink and washing out the pipet with water. 0lace the watch glass on a hot plate for two minutes, remove the watch glass using a $ot $and, and desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. #. 4se a dropping pipet to suck up some of the li'uid in test tube C and put /7E 51/0 of the li'uid on a watch glass. 5ispose of the remaining li'uid in the pipet by s'uirting the li'uid into the sink and washing out the pipet with water. llow the li'uid to sit for one minute,

occasionally blowing on the li'uid, and desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. =. Examine the contents of test tube D. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for (+e ,!+)&e. fter one minute, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. 0age " @. Examine the contents of test tube E. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for one minute. fter one minute, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. A. Examine the contents of test tube F. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for &e+ sec(+ds. fter ten seconds, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. B. Examine the contents of test tube G. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for -!*e sec(+ds. fter five seconds, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. 8. Examine the contents of test tube H. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for (+e ,!+)&e. fter one minute, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. C. Examine the contents of test tube I. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. dd enough distilled water to the test tube until the tube is about #<= full. Stopper the tube and shake it for (+e ,!+)&e. fter one minute, desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. 5ispose of the test tube contents in the ,5(S0/S 2 8E !E1- provided by your teacher. 1D. Examine the contents of test tube .. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. Examine the contents of test tube K. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e. :arefully, pour the contents of test tube . into test tube K. 3uickly stopper test tube K and shake for a few seconds. O"se *e &$e c(+&e+&s (- &$e &es& &)"e -( &#( ,!+)&es %+d desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e %s &!,e /%sses0 11. 6our teacher will demonstrate what happens when +a& sand in water is filtered through a filter paper, and +b& salt water is filtered through a filter paper. Desc !"e #$%& '() ("se *e.

DISCUSSION:
1. 2ook at the observations you made when the li'uids in test tubes , 8 and : are allowed to evaporate. .hich of these test tubes, if any, contain solutionsE .hich, if any, contain mechanical mixturesE .hich, if any, contain a suspensionE .hich, if any, appear to be pure substancesE ". ccording to your observations, does test tube 5 contain a pure substance or a mixtureE 5oes test tube E contain a pure substance or a mixtureE

#. 2ook at the observations you made when the li'uids in test tubes >, F, $ and ( are mixed with water. A-&e #%&e !s %dded, which of the mixtures, if any, are solutionsE .hich of the mixtures, if any, are mechanical mixturesE .hich of the mixtures, if any, are suspensionsE

=. 2ook at the observations you made in 0rocedure step 1D. chemical reaction occurred in the test tube. 5id the reaction produce a solution, a mechanical mixture or a suspensionE Explain why you believe your answer is correct. @. 2ook at the observations you made in 0rocedure step 11. +a& .hich of the two mixtures is a mechanical mixture and which is a solutionE +b& (s it possible to separate a mechanical mixture by filtrationE Explain why you believe your answer is correct. +c& (s it possible to separate a solution by filtrationE Explain why you believe your answer is correct.