Marc Scott, 2013

Kids Can't Use Computers. And This Is Why It Should Worry You
The phone rang through to my workroom. It was one of the school receptionists explaining that there was a visitor downstairs that needed to get on the schools WiFi network. iPad in hand I trotted on down to the reception to see a young twentysomething sitting on a chair with a MacBook on her knee. I smiled and introduced myself as I sat down beside her. She handed me her MacBook silently and the look on her face said it all. Fix my computer, geek, and hurry up about it. Ive been mistaken for a technician enough times to recognise the expression. Ill need to be quick. Ive got a lesson to teach in 5 minutes, I said. You teach? Thats my job, I just happen to manage the network team as well. She reevaluated her categorisation of me. Rather than being some faceless, keyboard tapping, socially inept network monkey, she now saw me as a colleague. To people like her, technicians are a necessary annoyance. Shed be quite happy to ignore them all, joke about them behind their backs and snigger at them to their faces, but she knows that when she cant display her PowerPoint on the IWB shell need a technician, and so she maintains a facade of politeness around them, while inwardly dismissing them as too geeky to interact with. I looked at the MacBook. I had no experience with OSX at the time. Jobs wasnt an idiot though, and displayed proudly in the top right hand corner of the screen was a universally recognisable WiFi symbol. It took me seconds to get the device on the network. I handed back the MacBook and the woman opened up Safari. The Internets not working, she stated with disdain. Ive heard this sentence so many times now from students and staff, that I have a stock reaction. Normally I pull out my mobile phone and pretend to tap in a few numbers. Holding the handset to my ear I say: Yes, give me the office of the President of the United States. NO, I WILL NOT HOLD. This is an emergency. Hello,

Mister President, Im afraid I have some bad news. Ive just been informed that The Internet is not working. I decided that the young woman would probably not appreciate the sarcasm, and took the MacBook off her so I could add in the countys proxy server settings. I had no idea how to do this on OS X. The county proxy is there to ensure that the staff and students cant access porn on the school network. It also filters for violence, extremism, swearing, social networks, alcohol, smoking, hacking, gaming and streaming video. Ironically, if you were to perform a Google search for proxy settings OS X, the top results would all be blocked because you used the word proxy and that is a filtered word. Do you know where the proxy settings are? I asked, hopefully. I dont get a response. I might as well have asked her Can you tell me how to reticulate splines using a hexagonal decode system so that I can build a GUI in Visual Basic and track an IP Address. It took me about ten seconds to find and fill in the proxy settings. I handed back her MacBook and she actually closed Safari and reopened it, rather than just refreshing. Thanks. Her gratitude was overwhelming. I was about to leave, when she stopped me. PowerPoints not working. This probably didnt warrant a phone call to the President of the United States. Im sure he takes an interest in technological issues, but the breakdown of the Worlds leading presentation tool would probably be somewhat of a relief to him. At least the NSA wouldnt be losing any more poorly designed slide-shows. I sat back down and once again took possession of her MacBook. The slide she was displaying contained an embedded YouTube video, and as I have said, streaming video is blocked. I tried to explain this to the woman, and she then patronisingly explained that it shouldnt matter as the video was in her PowerPoint and that was running from her USB stick. I didnt argue, it was really not worth my time. Instead I do what I normally do for people and Just make it work. Using my iPads 3G connection, I set up a hot-spot and download the YouTube video using a popular ripping site and then embed the now local video in her presentation. So what do you teach? she asked as I worked on her presentation. Computing I replied.

Oh I guess these days you must find that the kids know more about computers than the teachers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If you teach IT or Computing, this is a phrase that youll have heard a million times, a billion times, epsilon zero times, aleph one times. Okay I exaggerate, but youll have heard it a lot. There are variants of the phrase, all espousing todays childrens technical ability. My favourite is from parents: Oh, Johnny will be a natural for ALevel Computing. Hes always on his computer at home. The parents seem to have some vague concept that spending hours each evening on Facebook and YouTube will impart, by some sort of cybernetic osmosis, a knowledge of PHP, HTML, JavaScript and Haskell. Normally when someone spouts this rubbish I just nod and smile. This time I simply couldnt let it pass. Not really, most kids cant use computers. (and neither can you I didnt add.) She looked surprised by my rejection of what is generally considered a truism. After all, arent all teenagers digital natives? They have laptops and tablets and games consoles and smart phones, surely they must be the most technologically knowledgeable demographic on the planet. The bell went, and I really did have a lesson to teach, so I didnt have time to explain to her my theories on why it is that kids cant use computers. Maybe shell read my blog. The truth is, kids cant use general purpose computers, and neither can most of the adults I know. Theres a narrow range of individuals whom, at school, I consider technically savvy. These are roughly the thirty to fifty year-olds that have owned a computer for much of their adult lives. There are, of course, exceptions amongst the staff and students. There are always one or two kids in every cohort that have already picked up programming or web development or can strip a computer down to the bare bones, replace a motherboard, and reinstall an operating system. There are usually a couple of tech-savvy teachers outside the age range Ive stated, often from the Maths and Science departments who are only ever defeated by their school laptops because they dont have administrator privileges, but these individuals are rare. I suppose before I go on I should really define what I believe cant use a computer means. Being a network manager as well as a teacher means I am often the first port of call when a teacher or student is having issues with computers and associated devices. As my lead technician likes to state, the problem is usually the interface

between the chair and the keyboard. Here are a few examples of issues I encounter on a fairly regular basis. A sixth-former brings me his laptop, explaining that it is running very slowly and keeps shutting down. The laptop is literally screaming, the processor fans running at full whack and the case is uncomfortably hot to touch. I run Task Manager to see that the CPU is running at 100% despite the only application open being uTorrent (which incidentally had about 200 torrent files actively seeding). I look at what processes are running and there are a lot of them, hogging the CPU and RAM. Whats more I cant terminate a single one. What anti-virus are you using? I ask, only to be told that he didnt like using anti-virus because hed heard it slowed his computer down. I hand back the laptop and tell him that its infected. He asks what he needs to do, and I suggest he reinstalls Windows. He looks at me blankly. He cant use a computer. A kid puts her hand up in my lesson. My computer wont switch on, she says, with the air of desperation that implies shes tried every conceivable way of making the thing work. I reach forward and switch on the monitor, and the screen flickers to life, displaying the Windows login screen. She cant use a computer. A teacher brings me her school laptop. Bloody thing wont connect to the internet. she says angrily, as if it were my fault. I had tonnes of work to do last night, but I couldnt get on-line at all. My husband even tried and he couldnt figure it out and hes excellent with computers. I take the offending laptop from out of her hands, toggle the wireless switch that resides on the side, and hand it back to her. Neither her nor her husband can use computers. A kid knocks on my office door, complaining that he cant login. Have you forgotten your password? I ask, but he insists he hasnt. What was the error message? I ask, and he shrugs his shoulders. I follow him to the IT suite. I watch him type in his username and password. A message box opens up, but the kid clicks OK so quickly that I dont have time to read the message. He repeats this process three times, as if the computer will suddenly change its mind and allow him access to the network. On his third attempt I manage to get a glimpse of the message. I reach behind his computer and plug in the Ethernet cable. He cant use a computer. A teacher brings me her brand new iPhone, the previous one having been destroyed. Shes lost all her contacts and is very upset. I ask if shed plugged her old iPhone into her computer at any time, but she cant remember. I ask her to bring in her laptop and iPhone. When she brings them in the next day I restore her phone from the

backup that resides on her laptop. She has her contacts back, and her photos as well. Shes happy. She cant use a computer. A teacher phones my office, complaining that his laptop has no internet. I take a walk down to his classroom. He tells me that the internet was there yesterday, but today its gone. His desktop is a solid wall of randomly placed Microsoft office icons. I quickly try and explain that the desktop is not a good place to store files as theyre not backed up on the server, but he doesnt care; he just wants the internet back. I open the start menu and click on Internet Explorer, and it flashes to life with his homepage displayed. He explains that the Internet used to be on his desktop, but isnt any more. I close I.E. and scour the desktop, eventually finding the little blue e buried amongst some PowerPoint and Excel icons. I point to it. He points to a different location on the screen, informing me of where it used to be. I drag the icon back to its original location. Hes happy. He cant use a computer. A kid puts his hand up. He tells me hes got a virus on his computer. I look at his screen. Displayed in his web-browser is what appears to be an XP dialogue box warning that his computer is infected and offering free malware scanning and removal tools. Hes on a Windows 7 machine. I close the offending tab. He cant use a computer. Not really knowing how to use a computer is deemed acceptable if youre twentyfive or over. Its something that some people are even perversely proud of, but the prevailing wisdom is that allunder eighteens are technical wizards, and this is simply not true. They can use some software, particularly web-apps. They know how to use Facebook and Twitter. They can use YouTube and Pinterest. They even know how to use Word and PowerPoint and Excel. Ask them to reinstall an operating system and theyre lost. Ask them to upgrade their hard-drive or their RAM and they break out in a cold sweat. Ask them what https means and why it is important and theyll look at you as if youre speaking Klingon. They click OK in dialogue boxes without reading the message. They choose passwords like qwerty1234. They shut-down by holding in the power button until the monitor goes black. Theyll leave themselves logged in on a computer and walk out of the room. If a program is unresponsive, theyll click the same button repeatedly until it crashes altogether. How the hell did we get to this situation? How can a generation with access to so much technology, not know how to use it?

Parents

Ive messed up, as Im sure many of you have. When we purchased an XBox it was Techno-Dad to the rescue. I happily played about with the mess of cables and then created profiles for everyone. When my sons MacBook was infected with the FlashBack virus Techno-Dad to the rescue. I looked up some on-line guides and then hammered away in the terminal until I had eradicated that bad-boy. When we purchased a Family Raspberry Pi Techno-Dad to the rescue. I hooked it all up, flashed an OS to the SD-card and then sat back proudly, wondering why nobody other than me wanted to use the blasted thing. All through their lives, Ive done it for them. Set-up new hardware, installed new software and acted as in-house technician whenever things went wrong. As a result, I have a family of digital illiterates.

Schools
When it became apparent that computers were going to be important, the UK Government recognised that ICT should probably become part of the core curriculum in schools. Being a bunch of IT illiterates themselves, the politicians and advisers turned to industry to ask what should be included in the new curriculum. At the time, there was only one industry and it was the Microsoft monopoly. <sarcasm>Microsoft thought long and hard about what should be included in the curriculum and after careful deliberation they advised that students should really learn how to use office software</sarcasm>. And so the curriculum was born. <sarcasm>Schools naturally searched long and hard for appropriate office software to teach with, and after much care they chose Microsoft Office</sarcasm>. So since 2000 schools have been teaching students Microsoft skills (Adobe skills were introduced a little later). But the curriculum isnt the only area in which weve messed up. Our network infrastructures in UK schools is equally to blame. Weve mirrored corporate networks, preventing kids and teachers access to system settings, the command line and requiring admin rights to do almost anything. Theyre sitting at a general purpose computer without the ability to do any general purpose computing. They have access to a few applications and thats all. The computers access the internet through proxy servers that aggressively filter anything less bland than Wikipedia, and most schools have additional filtering software on-top so that they can maintain a white-list of suitable sites.

Windows and OS X
My first PC was an ESCOM P100 with Windows 3.1. My second was a Packard Bell with Windows 95. My third was a custom build with Windows XP. My fourth was an

Acer laptop with Windows 7. I now use a MacBook Pro with OS X (or occasionally Ubuntu, depending on my mood and levels of paranoia). Windows 7 was a game changer for me. It was the first time Id installed an OS and had literally nothing to configure. Even a PE teacher could have managed it. Windows 7 (I hate 8, but thats another story) and Mac OS X are great operating systems. Theyre easy to use, require almost no configuration, include or provide easy access to all needed drivers, and generally just work. Its fantastic that everyone from the smallest child to the eldest grandparent can now use a computer with absolute minimal technical literacy, but its also a disaster. It didnt used to be like this. Using an OS used to be hard work. When things went wrong you had to dive in and get dirty to fix things. You learned about file systems and registry settings and drivers for your hardware. Not any more. I should think the same thing will one day be said about the ability to drive. There will still be the auto-mobile geeks out there thatll build kit cars and spend days down the track honing their driving skills, while the rest of us sit back and relax as Google ferries us to and from work in closeted little bubbles.

Mobile
Mobile has killed technical competence. We now all carry around computers that pretend to be mobile phones or tablets. Most people dont even think of their phone as a computer. Its a device to get quick and easy access to Google. Its a device that allows us to take photos and post them to Facebook. Its a device that allows us to play games and post our scores to Twitter. Its a device that locks away the file system (or hides it from us). Its a device that only allows installation of sanitised apps through a regulated app store. Its a device whose hardware cant be upgraded or replaced and will be obsolete in a year or two. Its a device thats as much a general purpose computer as the Fisher Price toy I had when I was three. So this is the state of the world. Lets make up some statistics to illustrate my point. If 20 years ago 5% of us had a computer in our homes, then you could pretty much guarantee that 95% of those computer owners were technically literate. Today, lets assume that 95% of us have a computer in our homes, then I would guess that around 5% of owners are technically literate. This is scary and Im sure the real statistics would be scarier still. Its something we should all be worried about.

Why?

Technology affects our lives more than ever before. Our computers give us access to the food we eat and the clothes we wear. Our computers enable us to work, socialise and entertain ourselves. Our computers give us access to our utilities, our banks and our politics. Our computers allow criminals to interact with us, stealing our data, our money, our identities. Our computers are now used by our governments, monitoring our communications, our behaviours, our secrets. Cory Doctorow put it much better than I can when he said: There are no airplanes, only computers that fly. There are no cars, only computers we sit in. There are no hearing aids, only computers we put in our ears. The Summer of Surveillance has me worried. After Snowdens revelations first came out, I went into school on Monday to find that most of my colleagues and students had either not heard about the scandal, or if they had just didnt care. While I was busy deleting my on-line accounts and locking down my machines, my friends called me paranoid and made jokes about tinfoil hats. My family shrugged their shoulders in that Mehway, and mumbled the often quoted Nothing to hide, nothing to fear. Then, out of the blue, Cameron announces that ISPs are going to start filtering The Internet. Its described as a porn filter, but the Open Rights Groups investigations implies that far more than porn will be filtered by default. Then to top it all, Camerons chief advisor on this issue has her website hacked and displays just how technically illiterate she really is. Tomorrows politicians, civil servants, police officers, teachers, journalists and CEOs are being created today. These people dont know how to use computers, yet they are going to be creating laws regarding computers, enforcing laws regarding computers, educating the youth about computers, reporting in the media about computers and lobbying politicians about computers. Do you thinks this is an acceptable state of affairs? I have David Cameron telling me that internet filtering is a good thing. I have William Hague telling me that I have nothing to fear from GCHQ. I have one question for these policy makers: Without reference to Wikipedia, can you tell me what the difference is between The Internet, The World Wide Web, a web-browser and a search engine? If you cant, then you have no right to be making decisions that affect my use of these technologies. Try it out. Do your friends know the difference? Do you?

Fixing it all

Parents
Stop fixing things for your kids. You spend hours of your time potty-training them when theyre in their infancy, because being able to use the toilet is pretty much an essential skill in modern society. You need to do the same with technology. Buy them a computer by all means, but if it goes wrong, get them to fix it. Buy them a smartphone, give them 10 of app store credit a year and let them learn why in-apppurchases are a bad idea. When we teach kids to ride a bike, at some point we have to take the training wheels off. Heres an idea. When they hit eleven, give them a plaintext file with ten-thousand WPA2 keys and tell them that the real one is in there somewhere. See how quickly they discover Python or Bash then.

Schools
In the UK were moving some way towards fixing this issue. Gove and I have a lovehate relationship, but I genuinely like what he is doing to the Computer Science curriculum. We just need to make sure that Academy Heads stick to Computer Science, and dont use curriculum reform as a means to save some money by scrapping the subject all together. We could do more though. We should be teaching kids not to install malware, rather than locking down machines so that its physically impossible. We should be teaching kids to stay safe on-line rather than filtering their internet. Google and Facebook give kids money if they manage to find and exploit security vulnerabilities in their systems. In schools we exclude kids for attempting to hack our systems. Is that right?

Windows and OSX

USE LINUX. Okay, so its not always practical, but most Linux distros really get you to learn how to use a computer. Everyone should at least have a play around at some point in their lives. If youre not going to use Linux then if youre on OS X have a play around in the terminal. It really is fun and you get to feel like a hacker, as does the Command Line or PowerShell in Windows.

Mobile
This ones tricky. iOS is a lost cause, unless you jail-break, and Android isnt much better. I use Ubuntu-Touch, and it has possibilities. At least you feel like the mobile phone is yours. Okay, so I cant use 3G, it crashes when I try to make phone calls and the device runs so hot that when in my jacket pocket it seconds as an excellent nipple-warmer, but I can see the potential.

Conclusion
This has happened before. It is not a new phenomenon. A hundred years ago, if you were lucky enough to own a car then you probably knew how to fix it. People could at least change the oil, change the tyres, or even give the engine a tune-up. Ive owned a car for most of my adult life and theyre a mystery to me. As such I am dependent on salesmen to tell me which one to buy, mechanics to tell me whats wrong and then fix it for me and as technology progresses I am becoming dependent on satellite navigation as well. I doubt my five year-old son will even need to learn to drive. Itll be done for him by his car. When he needs to get it fixed hell be directed to the mechanic that pays the most for on-line advertising. When he wants to stop for a bite to eat hell be directed to the fast-food outlet that pays the most for online advertising. When he needs to recharge his dilithium crystals hell be directed to the filing station that pays the most for on-line advertising. I want the people who will help shape our society in the future to understand the technology that will help shape our society in the future. If this is going to happen, then we need to reverse the trend that is seeing digital illiteracy exponentially increase. We need to act together, as parents, as teachers, as policy makers. Lets build a generation of hackers. Whos with me?