TENSES

FORMS (Affirmative A Negative - N Interrogative - I)

A: I

USE

TIME PHRASES

INDEFINITE (SIMPLE)

PRESENT

He/she/it You/we/they
N: I

work. works. work.

1 - to talk about general truth and permanent actions(facts):

The Earth rotates round its axis. It rains a lot in autumn. I speak English and French.

do not (dont) work. He/she/it does not (doesnt) work_. You/we/they do not (dont) work. Does Do I work? he/she/it work_? you/we/they work?

2 - to talk about repeated, customary actions:

He gets up at 8 oclock every morning. They never listen to their teacher.

I: Do

always, every day/month/year never, often, normally, seldom, sometimes, usually, twice a week/day, all the time

3 - to talk about a planned future action (a timetable or schedule )

The train leaves at 3 tomorrow.

PAST

'egular (erbs ) ed : orked, played, *rregular (erbs + ** column: ent, ate

1 - to talk about actions performed in the past ( ith finished time e"pressions):
I met my friend yesterday. Did you go to the seaside last summer

A: I

He/she/it You/we/they
N: I

worked / ent! worked/ ent. worked/ ent .

2 - to talk about a succession of past actions (stories):

He opened the door! switched on the light and fed his cat.

did not (didnt) work_/go. He/she/it did not (didnt) work_/go. You/we/they did not (didnt) work_/go. Did he/she/it Did you/we/they work_/go? work_/go? work_/go?

yesterday, minutes/hours/ days/years ago, in !"#$, the other day, last month/year/ week/ %unday

I: Did I

# - to talk about an action taking place in the middle of another action:

He fell aslee" while the teacher was ex"laining new grammar rules.

FUTURE

1 - to talk about future actions:

A: I/we

He/she/it You/they
N: I/we

shall ill ill

work. work. work.

&'ll call you tomorrow. #ary will get a "resent next month.

shall not (shant) work ill not ( ont) work. ill not ( ont) work.

He/she/it You/they
I: $hall %ill NOTE!!!

2 - to predict the future ( ith probably, & e(pect))), &*m sure))), (&) think))), don*t think, & wonder))), perhaps )
I think it will rain tomorrow. +erhaps she*ll be late. I don*t think the exam will be very difficult.

I/we work? he/she/it work? %ill $hall is you/they used mostlywork? in the questions shall *,-.shall e,In spoken English we normally use *ll and ell.

# - to e"press intention at the moment of decision:

$o you like these shoes % &es! &*ll buy them.

& - in the 1 st type of conditional sentences

If the weather is fine! we 'll go to the country.

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, one of these days, ne(t week/month/ year etc), soon, in the near future, some day, in two days/five minutes/a month etc)

TENSES

FORMS (Affirmative A Negative - N Interrogative - I)

USE

TIME PHRASES

!ONTINUOUS (PRO"RESSI#E)

PRESENT

to be (am.is.are) ) (erb ) -ing

A: I

He/she/is You/we/they
N: I

am (*m) working. is (hes) working. are ( ere) working.

1 - to talk about actions that are happening no , at the moment of speaking: 'ook( The )oys are playing foot)all. Hurry u"( The train is coming) $ - to ta%& a'o(t a)tion* t+at are +a,,ening aro(n- no./ '(t not e0a)t%1 at t+e moment of *,ea&ing2 *e are studying very hard these days. *e have to "re"are for our exams. # - to speak about hat you ha(e already arranged to do: %*hat are you doing on +aturday %I am meeting my friend at the station. +he is arriving at 8 "m. 1 - to talk about a temporary action taking place at a gi(en moment in the past: *hat were you doing at , oclock yesterday 2 - t o or more actions happening at the same time in the past: +he was cooking dinner and her kids were watching T-. 3 - action interrupted by another shorter action in the past: I was working on com"uter when the tele"hone rang. & - background information in a story: The sun was shining and the birds were singing

am not (*m not) working. He/she/it is not (isnt) working. You/we/they/ are not (arent) working. I he/she/we you/we/they working? working? working?

I: /m

*s /re

now, at the moment, at present, -ook., -isten. these days, this morning, today

PAST

to 'e(.a*4.ere) 5 ver' 5 -ing

A: I

He/she/it You/we/they
N: I

as as ere

working. working! working.

He/she/it You/we/they
I: %as

as not ( asnt) working. as not ( asnt) working. ere not ( erent) working. working? working? working? ver' 5-

at / o'clock yesterday, from 3 to / 0n 1onday, when 1um came, while

FUTURE

I %as he/she/it %ere you/we/they *+a%%4.i%% 5 'e 5 ing shall ill ill

A: I/we

He/she/it You/they
N: I/we

be working. be working. be working.

1 - to talk about an action at a particular moment in the future! 0he action ill start before that moment but it ill not ha(e finished at that moment:
I will be playing tennis at ./am tomorrow. This time on +unday I0ll be bathing in the sea. *hen you arrive! he will be waiting for you.

shall not (shant) be working. He/she/it ill not ( ont) be working. You/they ill not ( ont) be working. I/we be working? %illNOTE!!! he/she/it be working? %ill$hall is used you/they bequestions working?shall mostly in the
*,-.shall e,In spoken English we normally use *ll and ell.

at 1 oclock tomorro , this time on $unday, hen * come

I: $hall. ill

TENSES

FORMS (Affirmative A Negative - N Interrogative - I)

+ave4+a* 5,arti)i,%e II reg(%ar ver'* 5e.or&e-/ FORMS a*&e(Affirmative A Negative - N - irreg(%ar ver'* - III )o%(mn Interrogative - I) gone/ eaten A: I/we/you/they He/she/it N: A: I/we/you/they I we/you/they He/she/it He/she/it ha(e has worked/gone. worked/gone.

USE

TIME PHRASES

PERFE!T !ONTINUOUS PERFE!T

PRESENT PRESENT

-is al ays connected ith the

TENSES

ha(e (ha(ent) ed/gone. ha(enot been workingwork . has not (hasnt) work ed/gone. has been working.

I: I/we/you/they work ed/gone ? . N: 2a(e I/we/you/they ha(e not (ha(ent) been working 2as he/she/it ed/gone He/she/it has not (hasnt) work been work? ing. I: 2a(e 2as I/we/you/they he/she/it been working? been working?

already, ever, 4ust, never, not yet, so TIME far, PHRASES till now, up to now , of late, lately, for, since, recently, 3ow with for long9 and since, with 5his is the first time 2-3uestions in the 4resent 4erfect 2 - to say ho e ha(e been filling this ne(er start(up ith our time towhen no ): 2 morning/ *hen did you are see dirty. this film %&our hands evening, %Ive been painting the walls. # - ith this morning/evening, today, this today this week, this year week, this ( hen the time periods are not year
present and the only thing hich matters here is the result: the time hen the action took place is of no USE importance: I have lost my keys. I cant o"en the door. 1 - to say ho long things ha(e 1-to talk about a completed action been continuing up to no : connected ith the present: Ive been learning English for six I have seen this film and I can years. discuss it with you now. Its been raining all day. finished at the time of speaking): 3ave you called you mother today

PAST PAST

+a- 5,arti)i,%e II - reg(%ar ver'* 5e- 2 .or&e-/ a*&e- irreg(%ar ver'* - III )o%(mn2 gone/ eaten A: I /we/you/they had been working. He/she/it had been working. A: I/you/we/they had worked/gone. He/she/it had worked/gone. N: I/we/you/they had not (hadnt) been working. He/she/it had not (hadnt) been working. N: I/we/you/we/they had not (hadnt) worked/gone. He/she it had not (hadnt) worked/gone. I: 2ad I/we/you/they been working? 2ad he/she/it been working? I: Had I/you/we/they worked/gone? Had he/she/it worked/gone?

A: I/we *+a%%4.i%% shall + +ave ha(e been working! He/she/it ill +,arti)i,%e II ha(e been working. You/they ill ha(e been working. N: I/we shall not (shant) ha(e been working. A: He/she/it I/we shall ha(e orked.gone! ill not ( ont) ha(e been working.
He/she/it You/they You/they ill ha(e orked.gone! ill not ( ont) ha(e been working. ill ha(e orked.gone!

I: I/we $hall shall not I/we N: (shant) %ill he/she/it He/she/it ill not ( ont) %ill You/they illyou/they not ( ont)
I: $hall %ill %ill I/we he/she/it you/they

ha(e working? ha(e been orked.gone! ha(e been working? ha(e working? ha(e been orked.gone!
ha(e ha(e ha(e orked.goneorked.goneorked.gone-

1 - denotes an action completed when & before a certain moment in the entered, by 8 1 - denotes action hich a began since, for past5 it is not an used to denote o'clock before a definite moment in the succession of actions (4ast past, continued up to that moment yesterday, $imple): and still going on at the (with the +he hasas already finished her work moment: when he came. same *e could not go out )ecause it had But: *hen I wrote the letter! I adverbs as been raining for two hours. posted it.1+ast %imple 2 - denotes an action6 hich as no +resent succession of actions) longer going on at a definite 2y the time the "olice arrived !he had +erfect but in moment in the past, but hich had already disa""eared. been in progress not long before: the past 2 The - ith the face was red and wet. He conte(t), no )a)ys con6unctions(hardly.scarcely. had been crying. sooner nearly.barely ) hen,) than I had hardly done it when they 1 denotes an action hich ill for came. begin before a definite moment in 7o sooner had they arrived than it the future, started to rain. ill continue up to the moment and ill be going on at that moment: 1 &ou - denotes an action completed will have been waiting for more by this time before a definite moment in the than two hours when her "lane finally tomorrow, by future: arrives. o'clock +he willfall have finished this work )y In the I will have been studying tomorrow, 3 here oclock fortomorrow. 3 years. The film will have already started He will )e tired when he arrives. He when you NOTE!!! )y the time we come .Hurry u"( will have been travelling 34 in come back $hall is used for mostly hours. the questions shall *,-.shall
e,In spoken English we normally use *ll and ell.

FUTURE FUTURE

ha(e.has ) been ) (erb ) -ing

NOTE666 %e dont use 4resent 4erfect 7ont! ith be, know , have and other non-progressive verbs:

How long have you had your car 1+resent +erfect5

had ) been ) (erb ) -ing

shall. ill ) ha(e ) been) (erb ) -ing

NOTE!!! $hall is used mostly in the questions shall *,-.shall e,In spoken English we normally use *ll and ell.