1

Eladk Az eladsok sszefoglali

Lecturers Abstracts of the papers
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Gvaov HAzAt
Academic studies
Born Budapest, 30 April 1932
19501954 Bachelor of Arts, University of Budapest
1958 Doctor of Philosophy, University of Budapest
1966 Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
Research and Teaching Experience
19561957 Visiting Lecturer, University of Sofa
19581962 Research Fellow, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
19631982 Visiting Associate to Full Professor, Humboldt University (Berlin)
19631974 Head of the Turfan Research Group, German Academy of Sciences
19841990 Research Professor and Publishing Director of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences
19921999 Professor and Head of the Department of Turkish Studies, University of
Cyprus
2000 Research Professor, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
20002003 Founding Rector of the Andrssy University (Budapest)
Publications
Author of books, studies, and reviews in various, mainly Turkological subjects
Editor, co-editor, member in the advisory board or of the following journals and series:
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungariae (Budapest)
Archivum Ottomanicum (Wiesbaden)
Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica (Budapest)
Cahiers dEtudes sur la Mediterrane Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien
(Paris)
Journal of Turkish Studies, Trklk Bilgisi Aratrmalar (Cambridge, USA)
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung (Berlin)
Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvlker (Freiburg i. Br.)
Turkologischer Anzeiger/Turkology Annual (Vienna)
Trk Dilleri Aratrmalar (Ankara)
Zeitschrift fr Balkanologie (BerlinWiesbaden)
Functions in international bodies
1969 President of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference
19732000 Vice-President of the International Committee of Ottoman and Pre-Ottoman
Studies
19731991 Secretary of the International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies
3
1991 Secretary General of the International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies
19921996 President of the Subject Group of Oriental Studies, Academia European
1997 President of the 35th International Congress of Asian and North-African
Studies
19982000 Member of the International Organizing Committee of the 36
th
ICANAS
20002004 Member of the International Organizing Committee of the 37
th
ICANAS
2006 President of the Vmbry Civic Association (Dunajska Stred, Slovakia)
Honours and awards
1957 Corresponding member of the Turkish Linguistic Society (Trk Dil Kurumu,
Ankara)
1978 Corresponding member of the Socit Finno-Ougrienne (Helsinki)
1979 Corresponding member of the Turkish Historical Society (Trk Tarih Kurumu,
Ankara)
1982 Honorary member of the Turkish Linguistic Society (Trk Dil Kurumu,
Ankara)
1982 Corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1988 Honorary professor of the University of Budapest
1990 Member of the Academia Europaea (London)
1991 Doctor honoris causa of the University of Ankara
1995 Ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1997 Honorary President of the Krsi Csoma Sndor Association
1999 Professor emeritus of the University of Cyprus
2001 Corresponding member of the Sdosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Mnchen)
2001 Honorary member of the American Oriental Society
2001 Honorary Member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences
2002 Andrssy Prize
2003 Honorary President of the House of Nations
2004 Awarded by the President of the Federal Republic of Germany (das Groe
Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
2005 Honorary Professor of the Eastern Research Institute of the Russian Academy
of Sciences
2005 Awarded by the President of the Hungarian Republic (A Magyar Kztrsasgi
rdemrend Kzpkeresztje)
2006 Member of the Vmbry Association/Vmbry Scientifc College
2007 Honorary Member of the Societas Uralo-Altaica (Gttingen)
2007 Vmbry Prize
2007 Certifcate of acknowledgment for services rendered to the Republic of Turkey
awarded by the Ministry of Foreign Afairs of Turkey
2007 Elected President of the International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies
2010 Honorary Member of the Deutsche Morgenlndische Gesellschaft
2011 Awarded by the President of the Republic of France: Commandeur de lordre du
Mrite
2013 Doctor honoris causa of the University of Istanbul
4
HAzAt Gvaov
Tanulmnyok, diplomk
Szletsi hely, id: Budapest, 1932. prilis 30.
19501954 ELTE Budapest (Orientalisztika/Turkolgia)
1958 Egyetemi doktori cm (ELTE, Budapest)
1966 Akadmiai doktori cm (Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia, Budapest)
Kutatsi, ill. tantsi feladatok s funkcik
19561957 Vendgadjunktus (Szfai llami Egyetem)
19581962 Tudomnyos munkatrs (Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia)
19631982 Vendgdocens, majd vendgprofesszor (Humboldt Egyetem, Berlin)
19631974 A Nmet Tudomnyos Akadmia Turfan kutatcsoportjnak vezetje
1984 Kutatprofesszor (Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia)
19841990 Az Akadmiai Kiad figazgatja
19921999 Professzor s a Turkolgiai Intzet vezetje (Ciprusi Egyetem, Nicosia)
20002003 Az Andrssy Gyula Budapesti Nmet Nyelv Egyetem alapt rektora
Publikcik
Knyvek, tanulmnyok s ismertetsek szerzje fleg a turkolgia terletn
Kiadsi tevkenysg: rszvtel folyiratok, ill. sorozatok szerkesztsben:
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungariae (Budapest)
Archivum Ottomanicum (Wiesbaden)
Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica (Budapest)
Cahiers dEtudes sur la Mediterrane Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien
(Paris)
Journal of Turkish Studies, Trklk Bilgisi Aratrmalar (Cambridge, USA)
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung (Berlin)
Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvlker (Freiburg i. Br.)
Turkologischer Anzeiger/Turkology Annual (Vienna)
Trk Dilleri Aratrmalar (Ankara)
Zeitschrift fr Balkanologie (BerlinWiesbaden)
Nemzetkzi szervezetekben val tevkenysg
1969 Az lland Nemzetkzi Altaisztikai Konferencia elnke
19732000 Az International Committee of Ottoman and Pre-Ottoman Studies alelnke
19731991 Az International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies titkra
1991 Az International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies ftitkra
19921996 Az Orientalista Tudomnyok munkacsoportjnak elnke (Academia Europea)
1997 Az zsiai s szak-Afrikai Tudomnyok 35. Nemzetkzi Kongresszusnak
elnke
19982000 Tagja az International Organizing Committee of the 36
th
ICANAS-nak
20002004 Tagja az International Organizing Committee of the 37
th
ICANAS-nak
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Elismersek s kitntetsek
1957 A Trk Nyelvszeti Trsasg levelez tagja (Ankara)
1978 A Finnugor Trsasg levelez tagja (Helsinki)
1979 A Trk Trtneti Trsasg levelez tagja (Ankara)
1982 A Trk Nyelvszeti Trsasg tiszteletbeli tagja (Ankara)
1982 A Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia levelez tagja
1988 Az ELTE (Budapest) tiszteletbeli professzora
1990 Az Academia Europaea (London) tagja
1991 Az Ankarai Egyetem dszdoktora
1995 A Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia rendes tagja
1997 A Krsi Csoma Trsasg tiszteletbeli elnke
1999 A Ciprusi Egyetem professor emeritusa
2001 Sdosteuropa Gesellschaft (Mnchen): levelez tag
2001 American Oriental Society: tiszteletbeli tag
2001 Trk Tudomnyos Akadmia (Ankara): tiszteletbeli tag
2002 Andrssy-dj
2003 A Nemzetek Hza tiszteletbeli elnke
2004 A Nmet Szvetsgi Kztrsasg kitntetse: Das groe Verdienstkreuz des
Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
2005 Az Orosz Tudomnyos Akadmia Keletkutatsi Intzetnek tiszteletbeli
professzora
2005 A Magyar Kztrsasgi rdemrend Kzpkeresztje
2006 Vmbry Polgri Trsuls/Vmbry Tudomnyos Kollgium tagja
2007 Societas Uralo-Altaica tiszteletbeli tagja (Gttingen)
2007 Vmbry-dj
2007 A Trk Klgyminisztrium oklevele a Trk Kztrsasgrt tett
munkssgnak elismersrt
2007 Az International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies megvlasztott elnke
2010 Deutsche Morgenlndische Gesellschaft: tiszteletbeli tag
2011 Francia Kztrsasg rdemrendje: Commandeur le lOrdre du Mrite
2013 Az Isztambuli Egyetem dszdoktora
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IsTvAN VAsAav
2013 Corresponding Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS)
2010 Two terms Visiting Fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford
20052010 Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Lornd Etvs University (ELTE),
Budapest
2001 Doctor of HAS
1996 Professor of Turkic Studies (ELTE), Budapest
19992003 Ambassador of the Republic of Hungary to Tehran (Iran); from 2002 also
accredited to Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan)
19911995 Ambassador of the Republic of Hungary to Ankara (Turkey)
19901991 Consul General of the Republic of Hungary in Istanbul (Turkey)
19881989 Visiting Research Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C.
19801990 Associate Professor at the Department of Turkic Studies (ELTE)
19811982 Two terms Visiting Professorship at the University of Venice (Universit di
Venezia), Italy.
1981 Cand. Scient. dissertation (HAS)
19681980 Research Fellow in the Altaistic Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences
1971 PhD dissertation (ELTE)
1968 MA (ELTE)
19631968 Faculty of Arts of ELTE, studies in Turcology, English and History
1945 Born in Budapest, Hungary
Scholarly interest
Various themes of Turkic philology and history concerning the role of Turkic elements in the
history of Central and Eastern Europe, among others:
1. History of the steppe region of Eastern Europe in the 5th13th centuries (Huns, Avars,
Onogurs, Bulgars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans),
2. TurcoHungarian contacts in the same period,
3. history of the Mongol and post-Mongol states with a special emphasis on the Golden Horde
and her successor states (the Kazan and the Crimean Khanates, the Nogay Horde) in the 13th
16th cc.
Positions held and research trips
2003 Editor-in-chief of Acta Orientalia.
2011 Elected president of the Oriental Committee of HAS
1970 Member of the Oriental Committee of HAS
19971999 Elected president of the aforementioned committee
19771982 Member of the Editorial Board of Acta Orientalia, international journal of
Oriental Studies published by HAS
1968 Founding member of the Krsi Csoma Society, scholarly association of
Hungarian Orientalists
19881990 Vice-president of the Krsi Csoma Society
1981 Krsi Csoma Award for his works in Turcology and early Hungarian history
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1988 Corresponding Fellow, from 1999: Honorary Fellow of the Turkish Linguistic
Society (Trk Dil Kurumu)
1973 Regularly attends Hungarian and international fora (conferences, symposiums,
etc.) of Turcology and related felds (Bloomington/Ind., Cambridge/Mass.,
London, Paris, Berlin, Bonn, Gttingen, Leiden, Venice, Spoleto, Vienna,
Helsinki, Ankara, Istanbul, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Astrakhan,
Ashkhabad, and others)
19701990 altogether seven research trips in Moscow and Leningrad
He is author of
Te Golden Horde (1986); Chancellery of the Golden Horde (1987) and History of Pre-Mongol Inner
Asia (1993) (all in Hungarian); Oriental Military: Cumans and Tatars in the Balkans, 11851365
(Cambridge, 2005); Turks, Tatars and Russians in the 13th16th Centuries (Variorum Collected
Studies Series). (Ashgate, 2007) and numerous articles in Hungarian and international periodicals.
Abstract
Arminius Vmbry, a pioneer of Turkic studies
Arminius Vmbry (18321913), outstanding fgure of Hungarian scholarship and history of
science can be considered one of the founders and pioneers of a new branch of learning, that
of Turkology. On account of his famous Central Asian travel in 18621864 Vmbry can be
regarded as an expert of the Islamic world, whose main feld of expertise was Turkey, Iran and
Central Asia. As scholar he was a founder of Turkology, and as traveller he was an explorer of
Central Asia. In his understanding Turkology must expand its interest to all Turkic peoples and
cultures, not only to the Ottoman-Turks but to the Asiatic Turkic peoples as well. In addition,
a special task of Hungarian Turkological research is to pay attention to the diferent layers of
TurcoHungarian contacts (pre-ninth-century contacts prior to the conquest of the Carpathian
Basin, PechenegCuman and Hungarian relationship in the 10th13th century and the age
of Ottoman domination in the 16th17th century). One of the most important works of his
Turkological research is Te Turkic Race (1885), the frst
European monograph in which he made an attempt to get
rid of the Ottoman-centred European view of Turkology and
to include all Eurasian Turkic languages and peoples into
the orbit of research. Another, equally signifcant feld of
his activity was laying foundation of East-Turkic (Chagatay)
philology. His agataische Sprachstudien (1867) was among
the earliest East-Turkic chrestomathies published in Europe.
Likewise, the publication of Kutadgu Bilig, an 11th-century
Turco-Islamic didactic poem was also a path-breaking
undertaking. Besides his Turkological activity Vmbry was
also intensely engaged in problems concerning the origins
of the Hungarians and early Hungarian history. Although
in this feld he put forward some controversial theories, his
thought-provoking ideas essentially contributed to a better
understanding of early Hungarian history.
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VAsAav IsTvAN
2013 A Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia levelez tagja
2010 Kt trimeszter, vendgkutat, All Souls College, Oxford
20052010 A budapesti Etvs Lornd Tudomnyegyetem Blcsszettudomnyi Karn
(ELTE BTK) az Orientalisztikai Intzet igazgatja
2001 Az MTA doktora
19992003 A Magyar Kztrsasg teherni nagykvete (Irn); 2002-tl Ashabdba
(Trkmenisztn) is akkreditlva
1996 Az ELTE BTK Trk Filolgiai Tanszknek professzora
19911995 A Magyar Kztrsasg ankarai nagykvete (Trkorszg)
19901991 A Magyar Kztrsasg isztambuli fkonzula (Trkorszg)
19881989 A Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.) kutat sztndjasa
19801990 Az ELTE BTK Trk Filolgiai Tanszknek docense
19811982 Kt flvre vendgtanr a velencei egyetemen (Universit di Venezia)
1981 Kandidtusi tudomnyos fokozat
19681980 Az MTA Altajisztikai Kutatcsoportjban tudomnyos munkatrs
1971 Egyetemi doktori fokozat
1968 Egyetemi diploma angol s trk szakon
19631968 Angol, trk s trtnelmi trgy egyetemi tanulmnyok az ELTE BTK-n
19591963 Kzpiskolai tanulmnyok a budapesti Tncsics Mihly Gimnziumban
1945 Budapesten szletett
Tudomnyos rdeklds
A trk flolgia s trtnelem klnbz tmai, klns tekintettel a trksg Kzp- s Kelet-
Eurpban jtszott trtnetre:
1. A kelet-eurpai steppe-vezet az 513. szzadban (hunok, avarok, bolgrok, kazrok,
magyarok, besenyk, kunok),
2. a korai trkmagyar kapcsolatok, a magyar strtnet trk vonatkozsai,
3. a mongol kor trtnete (1316. sz.), klns tekintettel az Arany Hordra s tatr
utdllamaira (a Kazni s Krmi Knsgok, a Nogj Horda).
Tisztsgek s kutatutak
1970 Az MTA Orientalisztikai Bizottsgnak tagja; 19971999 kztt s 2011-tl
ismt vlasztott elnke
19771982 Az MTA nemzetkzi orientalisztikai folyiratnak, az Acta Orientalinak
szerkesztbizottsgi tagja
2003 Az Acta Orientalia fszerkesztje
1968 A magyar orientalistk egyesletnek, a Krsi Csoma Trsasgnak alapt
tagja; 19881990 kztt a Krsi Csoma Trsasg alelnke
1981 Krsi Csoma-dj turkolgiai s magyar strtneti munkirt
1988 A Trk Nyelvtudomnyi Trsasg (Trk Dil Kurumu) levelez, majd 1999-tl
tiszteleti tagja
1993 A MagyarTrk Barti Trsasg alapt tagja, 2008-tl elnke
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1973 Rendszeres rsztvev volt a turkolgia s Bels-zsia-kutats magyar s
nemzetkzi sszejvetelein (Bloomington/Ind., Cambridge/Mass., London,
Prizs, Berlin, Bonn, Gttingen, Leiden, Velence, Spoleto, Bcs, Helsinki,
Ankara, Isztambul, Moszkva, Novoszibirszk, Kazn, Asztrahn, Ashabd,
Uppsala, Jeruzslem stb.)
19701990 Ht kutatt Moszkvba s Leningrdba
A kvetkez mvek szerzje
Az Arany Horda (Bp. 1986); Az Arany Horda kancellrija (Bp. 1987); A rgi Bels-zsia trtnete
(Szeged, 1993; 2. kiads: Bp. 2003); Cumans and Tatars. Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman
Balkans, 11851365. (Cambridge, 2005); Turks, Tatars and Russians in the 13th16th Centuries
(Ashgate, 2007); Magyar shazk s magyar strtnszek (Bp. 2008) s tbb mint 150 cikk hazai
s nemzetkzi folyiratokban.
sszefoglal
Vmbry rmin, a turkolgia ttrje
Vmbry rmin (18321913) a magyar tudomny s mveldstrtnet kiemelked alakja,
akinek szemlyben joggal tisztelhetjk egy j tudomnynak, a turkolginak a megalaptjt.
18621864-ben lebonyoltott hres kzp-zsiai utazsa nyomn Vmbry elssorban a
muszlim vilg szakrtje lett, s azon bell is leginkbb Trkorszg, Irn s Kzp-zsia
ismerje. Tbb terleten ttr volt: tudsknt a turkolgia egyik megalaptja, utazknt pedig
Kzp-zsia egyik feltrja. Az felfogsban a turkolgia az egsz trksg tudomnya, gy az
oszmn-trk kutatsok s az zsiai trksg ismerete egyarnt szerves rsze ennek. Ehhez
jrul mg a magyar turkolgia kln feladata, a magyar vonatkozsok (a honfoglals eltti kor
trk kapcsolatai, a besenykun hats kora
s az oszmn-trk hdoltsg kora) feltrsa.
Turkolgiai munkssgnak egyik legrtkesebb
mve A trk faj cm munkja (1885), az els
olyan eurpai m, mely az oszmn-trksg
szkebb szemlletbl kitrt, s a trk npeket
s nyelveket a maguk eurzsiai teljessgben
s sokflesgben vizsglta. Tuds munks-
sga msik, taln legfontosabb rsze a kzp-
zsiai trk (csagatj) flolgia megteremtse.
A agataische Sprachstudien (1867) az egyik
els, Eurpban megjelent keleti-trk
szveggyjtemny. A Kutadgu Bilig cm, 11.
szzadi didaktikus kltemny kiadsa szintn
ttr vllalkozs volt. Turkolgiai munkssga
mellett Vmbry sokat foglalkozott a magyar
strtnet s eredet krdsvel is, s ez irny
munki, br tbb vitathat elemet tartalmaztak,
jelentsen hozzjrultak a korai magyar
trtnelem megrtshez.
10
MusTArA S. KAAtiN
1980 MA degree, Istanbul University, Faculty of Humanities (Turkish language and
literature)
19831990 Researcher, then professor at Marmara University, Istanbul
1990 PhD degree, Istanbul University, Faculty of Humanities (Turkish language and
literature)
19941999 Assistant professor, then associate professor at Marmara University, Istanbul
20002002 Guest professor at KyrgyzstanTurkey Manas University
2002 Head of Department at the Istanbul University, Faculty of Humanities
2010 Guest professor at PekinMinzu University, Department of Uygur Language and
Literature
2012 President of the Turkish Linguistic Society
Scholarships: 1984: Germany; 19871989: Hungary (ELTE, Budapest; JATE, Szeged)
Research felds: Central Asian Turkic literary languages (Karakhanid, Khwarezmian and
Chagatay), publication and analysis of Kipchak dictionaries and translations
Abstract
Vmbry and his study of agataische Sprachstudien
Vmbrys well-known study, the agataische Sprachstudien was the frst basic monograph
in Europe containing the grammar, chrestomathy and dictionary of this language. In this
book that was published exactly 145 years ago Vmbry made the frst attempt to defne the
Chagatay language and to describe its spread both chronologically and geographically. Vmbry
published the original texts in Arabic script without Latin transcription, accompanied by
German translations. Tey extend from the Uzbek proverbs to the love story of Tahir ile Zhre
and display a great linguistic diversity. Te dictionary in the book is the frst Chagatay dictionary
published in Europe in which the word entries in Arabic script are followed by a transcription
in the Latin alphabet and the meanings are given in German and French. Te author included
in his dictionary only the special Chagatay words, and those related to the Ottoman language
were left out. Te same happened to words originating from foreign (mainly Arabic and
Persian) languages. Only those Arabic and Persian words found their way into the dictionary
that were used in Chagatay with a diferent meaning. Tis means that the dictionary became
rather frugal in terms of content, so its usage defnitely needs the supplementary help of an
Ottoman dictionary containg all the Arabic and Persian words missing from Vmbrywork.
While preparing the dictionary, Vmbry utilised earlier Chagatay dictionaries as well such
as the Abuka, the Bedyil-lugat, the Lugat-i Trk, and the Hulsa-i Abbs. In light of the
modern data one is often compelled to correct Vmbrys readings, sufce it mentioning here
an example: the word read as brgt eagle must be amended to brkt. Te actuality of the
work is demonstrated by the fact that it was reprinted in Amsterdam, in 1975 and it can also
easily be found on the internet. Te present paper will treat a few selected parts of the work and
will give an analysis of the dictionary.
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MusTArA S. KAAtiN
1980 Trk nyelvi s irodalmi tanulmnyok utn diploma az Isztambuli Egyetemen
19831990 Kutat, majd tanr az isztambuli Marmara Egyetemen
1990 Doktori diploma (PhD) trk nyelv s irodalom szakon az Isztambuli
Egyetemen
19941999 Tanrsegd, majd docens az isztambuli Marmara Egyetemen
20002002 Vendgtanr a Kirgizistan-Trkiye Manas Egyetemen
2002 Professzor s tanszkvezet az Isztambuli Egyetemen
2010 Vendgtanr a PekinMinzu Egyetem Ujgur Nyelv s Irodalom Tanszkn
2012 A Trk Nyelvtudomnyi Trsasg elnke
sztndjak: 1984: Nmetorszg 19871989: Magyarorszg (ELTE, Budapest; JATE, Szeged)
Kutatsi terletei: A kzp-zsiai trk irodalmi nyelvek (karahanida, hvrezmi s csagatj),
illetve kipcsak sztrak s fordtsok kiadsa s elemzse
sszefoglal
Vmbry agataische Sprachstudien-je
Vmbry jl ismert agataische Sprachstudien-je e krdskrben az els alapvet monogrfa
Eurpban, mely nyelvtant, szveggyjtemnyt s sztrt tartalmaz. A 145 vvel ezeltt
megjelent knyvben Vmbry elsknt tett ksrletet arra, hogy a csagatj nyelvet defnilja
s elterjedsnek id- s trbeli hatrait meghzza. A szvegeket Vmbry az eredeti arab
betvel kzli, latin bets trs nlkl, nmet fordts ksretben. A szvegek az zbg
kzmondsoktl egszen a Tahir ile Zhre szerelmes trtnetig terjednek s igen sok nyelvi
vltozatot kpviselnek. A sztri rsz a Nyugaton napvilgot ltott els csagatj sztr, amelyben
az arab bets cmszavak mellett mr azok latin bets trsa is meg van adva, a jelentsek
pedig nmetl s franciul szerepelnek. A szerz csak a jellegzetes csagatj szavakat vette fel
sztrba, az oszmnlibl is ismert szavak nem kerltek bele. Ugyanez vonatkozik az idegen
eredet (fleg arab s perzsa) szavakra is. Csak az esetben kerlt be egy arab vagy perzsa sz a
sztrba, ha a csagatj nyelvben az eredetitl eltr jelentssel hasznltk. Ez azt jelenti, hogy
a sztri rsz meglehetsen szk terjedelmre sikerlt, gy hasznlata kzben mindenkppen
szksg van egy oszmnli sztrra is, amely tjkoztatst ad a nyelv arabperzsa elemeirl.
A sztri rsz elksztsnl Vmbry korbbi csagatj sztrakat is felhasznlt, mint pldul
az Abuka, a Bedyil-lugat, a Lugat-i Trk s a Hulsa-i Abbs. Gyakran szksges Vmbry
olvasatait az jabb adatok ismeretben kijavtani, egy konkrt pldt hozva: a sztrban a sas
jelents brgt-knt szerepl olvasatot brkt alakra kell emendlnunk. A knyv idtll voltt
bizonytja, hogy 1975-ben Amszterdamban reprint kiadsban jra megjelent s az interneten
is knnyen megtallhat. Az eladsban a kivlasztott szvegrszek s a sztr egsznek
elemzsre kerl sor.
12
JAcos M. LANoAu
Jacob M. Landau is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
His works have dealt with late Ottoman history, the Republic of Turkey, and the literatures and
political ideologies of the modern Middle East and Central Asia. He has authored 26 books,
edited 12 others and published many papers in the professional periodicals, encyclopaedias and
Festschrifts. His books have appeared in Hebrew, Turkish, Arabic, English, French, German,
Greek, Russian and Chinese. He was awarded the Israel Prize for Research, the highest scholarly
distinction of the State of Israel, as well as a medal by the Turkish Historical Society (of which
he is an honorary member) for his publications.
Abstract
Arminius Vmbry and Abdul Hamid II
By his own account, Arminius Vmbry had a claim to a special favoured relation with the
Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Vmbrys published works declare that he was a confdential adviser to
the Sultan, who honoured him with invitations to his table and with lengthy private audiences.
Vmbry used his infuence, for example, by arranging an audience, in 1901, with the Sultan
for Teodor Herzl, the founder of the World Zionist Organization. Vmbry, a conscientious
scholar, soon enough noted the Sultans autocratic tendencies which he reported in his writings
but still attempted to mitigate his criticism by praising the Sultans interest in public education
and in commerce. Abdul Hamid, however, was hurt by Vmbrys criticism. Furthermore, the
Sultan suspected Great Britains territorial designs and praised Russian policies. Vmbry took
a diametrically opposed view on foreign afairs which he carefully elaborated in his meetings
with the Sultan. Tus their relations began to cool and found a fnal expression in a detailed
critical paper published by Vmbry in a London monthly in 1909 after the Sultans deposition
by the Young Turks.
BAasAaA KsttNsa-HstNxsts
Barbara Kellner-Heinkele studied Islamic Studies, Turkology and History at the Universities
of Freiburg im Breisgau and Hamburg (Dr. phil. in 1974) and Uralic and Altaic Studies at
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana/USA (M.A. 1969). In 1981 she received her degree
of habilitation (Dr. phil. habil.) from the University of Freiburg im Breisgau. From 19791982
she worked as a research assistant at the Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenlndischen
Gesellschaft in Beirut. From 19821990 she was professor of Islamic Studies and Turkology at
the University of Frankfurt am Main, from 19902007 she was professor and founding director
of the Institut fr Turkologie at Freie University Berlin. Her research focuses on the cultural
history of the Turkic peoples (in particular the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate and
the Turkmen) and on ego-documents on the basis of little known or unique Turkic-language
manuscripts. With Jacob M. Landau she co-authored Politics of Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim
States (London 2001) and Language Politics in Contemporary Central Asia (London 2012). She is
a co-editor of Turkologischer Anzeiger (1975) and editor and co-editor of numerous collected
volumes. Since her retirement in 2007 she is Secretary General of the Permanent International
Altaistic Conference (PIAC).
13
JAcos M. LANoAu
Jacob M. Landau a jeruzslemi Hber Egyetem professor emeritusa, szakterlete a politika-
tudomny. Munkiban a ks oszmn trtnelemmel, a Trk Kztrsasggal, valamint az
jkori Kzel-Kelet s Kzp-zsia irodalmaival s politikai ideolgiival foglalkozik. Mindmig
26 knyve jelent meg, 12 mnek volt szerkesztje, s tovbbi szmos tanulmnyt publiklt
szakmai folyiratokban, enciklopdikban s emlkknyvekben. Knyvei hber, trk, arab,
angol, francia, nmet, grg, orosz s knai nyelven jelentek meg. Tudomnyos kzlemnyeirt az
Izraeli Kutati Djat (a legmagasabb tudomnyos kitntets Izrael llamban), valamint a Trk
Trtneti Trsasg emlkrmt adomnyoztk neki. A Trk Trtneti Trsasg tiszteleti tagja.
sszefoglal
Vmbry rmin s II. Abdulhamid
Sajt beszmolja szerint Vmbry rmint kivltsgos kapcsolatok fztk II. Abdulhamid
szultnhoz. Vmbry kiadott munki alapjn megllapthat, hogy bizalmas tancsadja volt
a szultnnak, aki azzal tisztelte meg, hogy az asztalhoz hvta, s hossz magnkihallgatsokon
fogadta t. Vmbry pldul arra hasznlta befolyst, hogy 1901-ben kihallgatst eszkzlt ki
a szultnnl Teodor Herzl, a Cionista Vilgszervezet alaptja szmra. Lelkiismeretes tudsknt
Vmbry hamar szrevette a szultn autokratikus hajlamait, amelyekrl szt ejtett rsaiban is,
ugyanakkor kritikjt enyhteni prblta azzal, hogy dicsrte a szultn rdekldst a kzoktats
s kereskedelem irnt. II. Abdulhamid szultn ennek ellenre megsrtdtt Vmbry brlatain.
Radsul a szultn gyanakodott az angolokra terleti aspirciik miatt, s dicsrte az orosz politikt.
Vmbry viszont homlokegyenest ellenkez klpolitikai nzeteket vallott, s ezeket a szultnnal
val tallkozsain gondosan ki is fejtette. Kapcsolatuk ezrt fokozatosan elhideglt. Ennek vgs
lecsapdsa az a rszletes, kritikus cikk, amelyet Vmbry 1909-ben egy londoni havilapban tett
kzz azutn, hogy a szultnt letasztottk a trnrl az iftrkk.
BAasAaA KsttNsa-HstNxsts
Barbara Kellner-Heinkele iszlmtudomnyt, turkolgit s trtnelmet tanult a Freiburgi Egyete-
men s Hamburgban, majd tanulmnyait az Egyeslt llamokban, az Indiana Egyetem (Blooming-
ton) Url-altaji Tanszkn folytatta (MA, 1969). A doktori cmet Hamburgban nyerte el 1974-ben.
1981-ben habilitlt a Freiburgi Egyetemen. 1979 s 1982 kztt kutatasszisztensknt dolgozott
a Nmet Keleti Trsasg Keleti Tanulmnyok Intzetben Bejrtban. 19821990 kztt az iszlm-
tudomny s a turkolgia professzora a Frankfurti Egyetemen, majd 1990 s 2007 kztt alapt
igazgatja s egyben professzora lett a Berlini Szabad Egyetem Turkolgiai Intzetnek. Kutatsai
elssorban a trk npek kultrtrtnetre irnyulnak (klns tekintettel az Oszmn Birodalom,
a Krmi Knsg s a trkmnek trtnetre). Mindezen tl kevss ismert vagy egyedi trk nyelv
kziratok alapjn ego-dokumentumok tanulmnyozsval foglalkozik. Jacob M. Landau profesz-
szorral trsszerzknt publiklta a Nyelvpolitika a muszlim szovjet utdllamokban (London, 2001),
valamint a Nyelvpolitika a mai Kzp-zsiban (London, 2012) cm mveket. 1975-tl trsszerkesz-
tje a turkolgia nemzetkzi kurrens bibliogrfjnak (Turkologischer Anzeiger/Turkology Annual),
valamint szmos kollektv ktet szerkesztje, ill. trsszerkesztje. 2007-es nyugdjba vonulsa ta
az lland Nemzetkzi Altajisztikai Konferencia (PIAC) ftitkra.
14
Abstract
Visions of Bukhara A Comparative Look at the Travels of Arminius Vmbry and
George Nathaniel Curzon
After his Travels in Central Asia (1864), which gained him international fame, Arminius
Vmbry published over the next 40 years not only a number of additional books dealing with
the Orient but also a multitude of eloquent, routinely written newspaper articles and essays
on contemporary Central Asia. Although he never returned to the region, he was able to retain
a certain prestige as a specialist of political, economic, social and cultural questions regarding
an area that from a backwater of history had become the stage of the Great Game. Conquered
by the Russians between 1863 and 1895, the so far unknown Central Asian territories quickly
became a laboratory of Russian colonial eforts, showing successes as well as failures. Vmbry
was 31 years old when he made his trip from Tehran to Khiva, Bukhara, Samarkand and back
(March 1863 January 1864) under the most primitive conditions, practically without money
or support, in regions where non-Muslims would usually meet with death when found out.
Only 25 years later (1888), at the age of 29, George Nathaniel Curzon (18591925), Member of
the English Parliament (thus representative of the country Vmbry deeply admired for most
of his adult life), made a comfortable trip from St. Petersburg via the Turkmen territory to
Bukhara, Samarkand and Tashkent, using for part of his trip the Transcaspian Railway from
Uzun Ada to Samarkand that had recently been built by the Russians in their new colonies of
Transcaspia and Turkistan and through the Emirate of Bukhara. Curzon lacked neither money
nor ofcial support and had no reason to fear for his life during his journey. Russian Central
Asia in 1889 and the Anglo-Russian Question (1889) is the result of his travel, a hefty book
based on the entire literature on Central Asia available to date in the major European languages
and on the most recent Russian statistics. Te book made him the foremost specialist of Central
Asia in Great Britain and, with his later books on his travels in Persia, Afghanistan, East and
South Asia, the leading authority on Asian afairs. Te two men, so diferent in character, family
background, education and worldview, were similar in their fascination for the Orient, as
Vmbry called it, the East, as Curzon saw it. Vmbry hated the Russians from his youth,
Curzon knew to acknowledge their achievements in Central Asia, but considered the Russian
Empires expansion a serious threat to British colonial rule in India. Tis presentation discusses
in a frst step Vmbrys and Curzons level of information on Central Asia as displayed in their
travel books and secondly compares their perception of the land and its peoples once they had
made their own experiences. Tird, the paper attempts to show how the two mens personal
background and their mode of travelling determined their writing style. Finally, an overview
will be given of the development of European knowledge of Central Asia after Russia had forced
open this region which, to most Europeans, seemed mysterious, dangerous and governed by
barbarian tyrants.
15
sszefoglal
Buharai kpek Vmbry rmin s George Nathaniel Curzon tlersainak
sszehasonltsa
Utazsok Kzp-zsiban (1864) cm mve nemzetkzi hrnevet hozott Vmbry rminnak.
Az ezt kvet negyven vben a szerz nemcsak szmos tovbbi, a Kelet-tel foglalkoz knyvet
rt, hanem egy sereg vlasztkosan megfogalmazott s jrtassgt bizonyt jsgcikket s
tanulmnyt a modern Kzp-zsirl. Br sohasem trt vissza, mgis kpes volt megrizni
azt a tiszteletet, amely szemlyt egy olyan rgi politikai, gazdasgi, trsadalmi s kulturlis
szakrtjeknt vezte, amely a trtnelem elmaradott terletbl a nagy jtszma sznterv
vlt. Az oroszok ltal 1863 s 1895 kztt megszllt, eladdig ismeretlen kzp-zsiai terletek
hamar a rszben sikeres, m sok esetben sikertelen orosz gyarmati trekvsek clpontjv
vltak. Vmbry 31 vesen 1863 mrciusa s 1864 janurja kztt tette meg a TehernHva
BuharaSzamarkand utat, majd trt haza sikeresen. Az t rendkvl nehz krlmnyek kztt
telt, brmifle anyagi tmogats nlkl, olyan terleteken t, ahol a nem muszlimok ltalban
az letkkel fzettek, ha felfedtk kiltket. Mindssze 25 vvel ksbb (1888) a 29 ves George
Nathaniel Curzon (18591925), az angol parlament tagja annak az orszgnak a kpviselje,
amelyet Vmbry felntt letnek nagy rszben mlyen csodlt , knyelmes krlmnyek
kztt tette meg utazst Szentptervrrl a trkmn terleten t Buharba, majd onnan
Szamarkandba s Taskentbe. Uzun Ada vrostl Szamarkandig az t egy rszt az akkor
jonnan ptett, a Kaspi-tengertl Kzp-zsiba vezet vastvonal egyik szakaszn tette
meg, mely a Buharai Emirtuson keresztl vezetett az oroszok j kzp-zsiai s turkesztni
gyarmataihoz. Curzon sem anyagi, sem hivatali tmogatsban nem szenvedett hinyt, s
nem kellett attl tartania, hogy lett brmi veszly fenyegetn utazsa sorn. lmnyeit s
tapasztalatait az Orosz Kzp-zsia 1889-ben s az angolorosz krds (1889) cm knyvben
foglalta ssze, amelyhez felhasznlta az akkor rendelkezsre ll, a nagyobb eurpai nyelveken
rdott szakirodalmat, tovbb a legfrissebb orosz statisztikkat. Ez a m s ksbbi knyvei,
amelyek tmjt Perzsiban, Afganisztnban, Kelet- s Dl-zsiban tett utazsai adtk, a
szerzt Angliban Kzp-zsia legismertebb szakrtjv s az zsiai gyek vezet tekintlyv
emeltk. A kt tuds szemlyisge, csaldi httere, tanulmnyai s vilgszemllete igencsak
elttt egymstl, mgis kzs volt bennk a csodlat az Oriens ahogy Vmbry mondta,
vagy a Kelet irnt ahogy Curzon ltta. Vmbry gyerekkortl kezdve gyllte az oroszokat,
Curzon viszont megtanulta tisztelni kzp-zsiai teljestmnyket, jllehet az volt a vlemnye,
hogy az Orosz Birodalom terjeszkedse nagy veszedelmet jelent az angolok gyarmati uralmra
Indiban. Az elads elszr azt taglalja, hogy tiknyveik tansga szerint Vmbry s Curzon
milyen szint informcikkal rendelkeztek Kzp-zsirl, majd sszehasonltja, hogy mint
vlekedtek a terletrl s annak nprl, miutn szemlyes tapasztalatokra tettek szert. Az
elads megksrli bemutatni azt is, hogy a kt ember szemlyes httere, valamint utazsuk
krlmnyei miknt befolysoltk ri stlusukat. Vgezetl egy sszefoglal elemzs kvetkezik
arrl, hogy miknt fejldtt Eurpa ismerete Kzp-zsirl az orosz hdtst kveten,
amely eladdig a legtbb eurpai szemben egy rejtelmes, veszlyes s barbr zsarnokok ltal
kormnyzott terlet volt.
16
RuTa BAaTaotouA
Work experience
2012 Acting Professor, Islamic Studies/Turcology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt
Freiburg i. Br.
201012 Research assistant at the Department of Turcology, Justus-Liebig-Universitt
Gieen, project Majority or minority? Constructions of identity in the
discourse of politics of language in Russian-Turkic speech communities
(funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG)
20072009 Research assistant at the Department of Turcology, Justus-Liebig-Universitt
Gieen; project Te end of an Islamic literary language? Lexical traces of
cultural and language change of the Volga Tatars (funded by the German
Research Foundation, DFG)
Educational and academic background
20072011 Postgraduate student (Dr. phil), Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gieen Dissertation:
Te development of Tatar terminology since the end of the 19th century
20072010 Member at the International Graduate Centre for the Study of Culture (GCSC)
as postgraduate student, Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gieen
19982005 Student (M. A., Magister Artium) in Islamic Studies and Slavic Studies, Albert-
Ludwigs-Universitt Freiburg Master thesis: Life and work of Arminius
Vmbry (18321913)
20012002 Student at the Faculty of History, State University Samarkand (Uzbekistan),
with a grant from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
Abstract
Te perception of Arminius Vmbry and his journey in Central Asia
yesterday and today
When Arminius Vmbry (18321913) travelled to Central Asia in the years 18631864, the
region was not yet conquered by the Russian Empire and therefore constituted forbidden
territory for the Europeans. But Vmbry, disguised as a dervish, escaped detection and
succeeded to return to Europe via Persia, bringing with him a young Mull from the city of
Khiva. For Vmbry, this journey was the beginning of a remarkable career: After a warm-
hearted reception in London and the publication of his travel account, he succeeded without
ever obtaining a university degree in being appointed professor in Budapest. But there were
reactions not only in Europe, but also in Central Asia. In my paper, I would like to shed light on
the perception of Vmbry and his journey in this region and other parts of the former Russian
Empire or, respectively, the former Soviet Union, from the 19
th
century to the present. In Central
Asia, Vmbrys coup did not go unnoticed. In the years following the Russian conquest of the
Central Asian Khanates, several Europeans travelled to Central Asia, followed Vmbrys traces
and interviewed some of his hosts. Tese reactions were published in contemporary newspaper
articles or travel accounts and in turn cited by Vmbry in his autobiography Te Story of My
Struggles, frst published in English in 1904. In one of these statements, made by a man from
17
RuTa BAaTaotouA
Munkahelyek
2012 Professzor az Albert-Ludwig Egyetem (Freiburg i. Br.) Iszlmtudomnyi s
Turkolgia Tanszken
201012 Tudomnyos munkatrs a gieeni Justus-Liebig Egyetem Turkolgia
Tanszkn. A projekt cme Tbbsg vagy kisebbsg? A szemlyazonossg
alakulsa a nyelvpolitika tkrben az orosztrk nyelv npcsoportokban
(a Nmet Kutatsi Alap/DFG anyagi tmogatsval)
20072009 Tudomnyos munkatrs a gieeni Justus-Liebig Egyetem Turkolgia
Tanszkn. A projekt cme: Egy iszlm irodalmi nyelv vge? Lexiklis
bizonytkok a volgai tatrok kulturlis s nyelvi vltozsaira (a Nmet
Kutatsi Alap/DFG anyagi tmogatsval)
Tanulmnyi s akadmiai httr
20072011 Posztgradulis tanulmnyok (Justus-Liebig Egyetem, Gieen); a disszertci
cme: A tatr terminolgia fejldse a XIX. szzad vgtl
20072010 Posztgradulis munkatrsknt tagja a Kulturlis Tanulmnyok Nemzetkzi
Hallgati Kzpontjnak (GCSC) (Justus-Liebig Egyetem, Gieen)
19982005 Egyetemi hallgat (MA) az Iszlmtudomnyi s Szlavisztikai Tanszken
(Albert-Ludwigs Egyetem, Freiburg)
Diplomamunka cme: Vmbry rmin (18321913) lete s munkssga
(megjelent: Von Zentralasien nach Windsor Castle. Leben und Werk des
Orientalisten Arminius Vmbry [18321913]. Ergon Verlag, 2006)
20012002 Hallgat a Szamarkandi llami Egyetem trtnelem fakultsn,
zbegisztnban, melyet sztndjjal nyert el a Nmet Akadmiai Csereprogram
keretben (DAAD)
sszefoglal
Vmbry rmin kzp-zsiai utazsnak rtkelse tegnap s ma
Vmbry rmin (18321913) 18631864-es kzp-zsiai tja sorn a terlet mg nem tar-
tozott az Orosz Birodalom felsgterlethez, gy az eurpai lakossg szmra tiltott terlet-
nek szmtott. Ennek ellenre Vmbry, magt dervisnek lczva, Perzsin keresztl sikere-
sen visszatrt Eurpba, magval hozva Hva vrosbl egy fatal mollt. Vmbrynek ez az
utazsa egy csodlatos karrier kezdete is volt. Szvlyes fogadtatsa utn Londonban utaz-
si lmnyeit publiklta, s anlkl hogy egyetemi diplomt szerzett volna, a Pesti Egyetem
professzorv neveztk ki. Ugyanakkor Vmbry tlersa nemcsak Eurpban, de zsiban
is visszhangot vltott ki. Eladsomban r kvnok vilgtani, hogyan vlekedtek Vmb-
ryrl s utazsrl a trgyalt rgiban, a cri Oroszorszgban, majd a volt Szovjetuniban a
19. szzadtl napjainkig. Kzp-zsiban Vmbry trekvsei nem maradtak ismeretlenek.
A kzp-zsiai knsgok orosz megszllst kvet vekben szmos eurpai utazott Vmbry
nyomn e trsgbe, s beszlt az t vendgl lt emberekkel. Ezen visszajelzsek az akkori
jsgok hasbjain s ms utazsi beszmolkban egyarnt megjelentek. Ksbb utalt ezekre
Vmbry is Kzdelmeim c. visszaemlkezsben, mely elszr 1904-ben angolul jelent meg.
18
Bukhara by the name of Rakhmed-Bi, Vmbry is characterised as a learned man, which was
the reason why Rakhmed-Bi allowed him to continue his journey, without letting Vmbry or
anybody else know about his discovery. Similar was the reaction of Emir Yaqb Khan, governor
of the city of Herat, who commented some years later when asked about Vmbry by the
English ofcer Sir Robert Warburton: I knew at once that he must be a European [...]. [...] I did
not press the matter, being afraid that if suspicion had been roused against him, his life might
not have been safe. In these statements, Vmbry was not seen as a threat, but as a person
eager for knowledge, deserving protection and maybe even being worthy of respect for taking
the risk of travelling in disguise. Today, the fact that there is still a memory of Vmbry and his
travel in Uzbekistan is clearly shown by the revelation of a memorial tablet at the Ark Fortress
of Bukhara which took place on the occasion of an ofcial visit by Hungarys former President
Pl Schmitt to Bukhara in November 2011. Schmitt, visiting the city in company of Uzbekistans
Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev, stressed that the memorial tablet should be seen as one of
many signs of the long-lasting tradition of friendship and mutual understanding, so one can say
that Vmbry today functions as a fgurehead for these values.
Mstsx otAx
1985 MA Tesis (history) at the Dokuz Eyll University (Izmir)
1992 Postgraduate studies at the Dokuz Eyll University
1997 PhD Tesis at the Dokuz Eyll University (History of the Turkish Republic)
Field of research: History of the Turkish Republic; TurkishHungarian relations of the
modern period
Workplace: Mula University
20002005: assistant professor; 20052011: associate professor; 2011: professor
Scholarships: 20052006: research scholarship in Hungary rewarded by the Turkish Ministry of
Public Education
Memberships: member of the Military History Committee of the Headquarters Staf in Turkey
Abstract
Toughts on the signihcance of Arminius Vmbrys travel
in Central-Asia from the Ottoman, British and Russian angle
Te famous Hungarian Turkologist Arminius Vmbry, following a longer period of preparation
in Istanbul, set out to his travel in Central-Asia disguised as a Muslim dervish. He managed
to accomplish his journey with the knowledge and support of Ottoman political circles and
to surmount the extreme difculties with the help of other dervishes ubiquitous in the whole
Islamic world. In a period when Great Britain and Russia were in sharp competition over
Central Asia, both rivals were eager to know the experiences of Vmbry heading for the region
and wanted to beneft from the results of his journey. Vmbry obtained a well-deserved
international fame after publishing his travel account on his adventures in Central Asia. Te
paper aims to present and analyse Vmbrys journey and travel account in the context of the
Central Asian politics of the day and mutual relationships of the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain
and Russia.
19
Az egyik ilyen visszaemlkezs szerint, amely egy Rahmed-Bi nev buharai frftl szrmazik,
Vmbryt tanult embernek tekintettk. Ez adott a frfnak okot arra, hogy Vmbryt tjra
engedje anlkl, hogy felfedje kiltt, akr msnak, akr magnak a tuds Vmbrynek. Ugyan-
ez volt a visszajelzs Emir Yakub kn, Herat vros kormnyzjtl is, aki nhny vvel ksbb,
amikor Sir Robert Warburton angol hivatalnok Vmbryrl faggatta, gy nyilatkozott: Tudtam,
hogy csakis eurpai lehet Nem erltettem tovbb a krdezskdst, ugyanis fltem attl,
ha brmi gyan merlne fel ellene, lete akr veszlybe kerlhet. Ezen emlkezsek szerint
Vmbryt nem gy tekintettk, mint brmifle fenyegetst vagy gyans szemlyt, sokkal in-
kbb mint egy olyan utazt, aki tudsra szomjazik, s ezltal vdelmet rdemel; st tiszteletet,
amirt minden veszlyt vllalva, inkognitban utazik. Napjainkban Vmbry s zbegisztni
utazsa mlt emlkt rzi az az emlktbla, melyet a buharai Ark erdtmny oldaln Schmitt
Pl, Magyarorszg volt kztrsasgi elnke leplezett le 2011 novemberben tett hivatalos l-
togatsa sorn. Schmitt Pl az zbg miniszterelnk, Savkat Mirzijojev trsasgban kifejezte
abbli remnyt, hogy az emlktbla a hossz tv bartsg s a kzs megrts szimbluma
lesz. gy megllapthatjuk, hogy Vmbry manapsg ezen rtkek nagykveteknt l tovbb a
kztudatban.
Mstsx otAx
1985 Trtnelem szakos MA-diploma, Dokuz Eyll Egyetem (Izmir)
1992 Posztgradulis tanulmnyok, Dokuz Eyll Egyetem
1997 PhD fokozat, Dokuz Eyll Egyetem (A Trk Kztrsasg trtnete)
Kutatsi terlete: A Trk Kztrsasg trtnete, jkori trkmagyar kapcsolatok
Munkahelye: Mulai Egyetem
Beosztsa: 20002005: tanrsegd; 20052011: docens; 2011: professzor
sztndjak: 20052006: Magyarorszgi kutati sztndj, Trk Kzoktatsi Minisztrium
Tagsg: a trk Vezrkari Fnksg Hadtrtneti Bizottsgnak tagja
sszefoglal
Gondolatok Vmbry rmin kzp-zsiai utazsnak fontossgrl
az Oszmn Birodalom, Anglia s Oroszorszg szempontjbl
Vmbry rmin, a jeles magyar turkolgus egy Isztambulban tlttt hosszabb felkszl-
si szakasz utn muzulmn dervis lruhjba ltzve indult el hossz tjra zsia belsejbe.
Az oszmn politikai krk tudtval s segtsgvel megvalsul t sorn Vmbry ennek a dervis
lruhnak ksznhette, hogy muszlim-knt tllhette a nem mindennapi fzikai s lelki meg-
prbltatsokat. Egy olyan idszakban, amikor Kzp-zsirt, s klnsen az ottani politikai
befolysrt Anglia s Oroszorszg egyarnt versengett, nyilvnval volt, hogy a Kzp-zsiba
utaz Vmbry ott szerzett gazdag tapasztalatai irnt mindkt fl rendkvli rdekldst tan-
stott, gy az utazs eredmnyeit nemcsak Anglia, hanem Oroszorszg is hasznostani tudta.
Vmbrynek a kzp-zsiai utazs lersa meghozta a joggal kirdemelt vilghrnevet. Jelen
elads az Oszmn Birodalom, Anglia s Oroszorszg kzp-zsiai politikjnak s egymshoz
fzd kapcsolataiknak fnyben kvnja bemutatni s elemezni Vmbry kzp-zsiai tjt,
valamint az errl kszlt tlerst.
20
FsasNc Cstaxs
Ferenc Csirks frst studied Turkish, Persian and English at Etvs Lornd University, Budapest,
before spending a year as a Fulbright visiting researcher at the Denis Sinor Research Institute
for Inner Asian Studies at Indiana University in Bloomington in 20052006. He has been a
PhD student at the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University
of Chicago since 2006, becoming ABD in 2010. His dissertation under preparation entitled
Chaghatay oration, Ottoman eloquence, Qizilbash rhetoric: Turkish Literature in Safavid Persia,
seeks to understand the cultural and social background as well as the relative place of Turkish
and Persian against the background of Early Modern Muslim Empires in general and Safavid
Iran in particular. Currently, he is also a visiting instructor in the Department of Medieval
Studies at Central European University in Budapest.
Cstaxs FsasNc
Csirks Ferenc elszr trk, perzsa s angol nyelvet hallgatott a budapesti Etvs Lornd
Tudomnyegyetem, majd 20052006-ban a Fulbright Program keretben, mint vendgkutat,
egy vet tlttt el a Denis Sinor Kutatintzet Bels-zsiai Tanulmnyok Tanszkn, a
bloomingtoni Indiana Egyetemen. 2006-tl PhD-hallgat a Chicagi Egyetem Kzel-keleti
Nyelvek s Civilizcik Tanszkn, majd ABD 2010-ben. Folyamatban lv disszertcijnak
cme: Csagatj beszd, trk kesszls, kizilbas retorika: A trk irodalom helyzete a Szafavida
Perzsiban. A tanulmny arra trekszik, hogy ltalnos kpet adjon a trk s perzsa nyelvek
kulturlis s trsadalmi htterrl, valamint azok helyrl a kora jkori muzulmn birodalmak
rnykban, klnsen vizsglva e jelensget a Szafavida Irn tekintetben. Emellett, mint
vendgelad, a budapesti Kzp-eurpai Egyetem Kzpkori Tanulmnyok Tanszknek
oktatja.
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GAsoa Foooa
Gbor Fodor graduated from the Etvs Lornd University, Faculty of Humanities, Department
of History and Chair of Turkish Philology in 2011. During his studies he spent a term in Bilgi
niversitesi, Istanbul as an Erasmus student. He started his postgraduate studies in the PhD
School of History of Etvs Lornd University, in the programme History of the Ottoman
Empire and the Republic of Turkey in 2011. His dissertation aims to uncover Hungarian
sources relating to the fate of the Ottoman Armenians during World War I. From 2009 onward
he has worked in a research group of Turkish philology (in 20092011 in the Research Institute
for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; from 2011 as a junior researcher in the
Institute for Literary Studies, Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy
of Sciences). He published articles on the Armenian Question both in Hungary and abroad,
presented papers in international conferences, and delivered lectures for the broader public. In
the academic year 20122013, he taught Turkish language at the Chair of Turkish Philology at
Etvs Lornd University, Budapest.
Foooa GAsoa
Fodor Gbor az Etvs Lornd Tudomnyegyetem Blcsszettudomnyi Karnak trk flolgia
trtnelem szakprjn diplomzott 2011-ben, melyet megelzen az Erasmus-sztndj
keretben egy flvet tlttt az isztambuli Bilgi Egyetemen. Ezt kveten posztgradulis
tanulmnyait az Etvs Lornd Tudomnyegyetem Trtnelemtudomnyok Doktori Iskolj-
nak Az Oszmn Birodalom s a Trk Kztrsasg trtnete doktori programjn kezdte meg.
Disszertcija az I. vilghborban elpusztult rmnyek sorsra vonatkoz magyar forrsok
feltrst clozza. 2009-tl tagja a turkolgiai kutatcsoportnak, mely 2009 s 2011 kztt
a Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmia Nyelvtudomnyi Intzetben, majd 2011 ta a Magyar
Tudomnyos Akadmia Blcsszettudomnyi Kutatkzpont Irodalomtudomnyi Intzetben
mkdik. Az rmnykrds tmakrben 2011 ta jelentet meg cikkeket hazai s nemzetkzi
folyiratokban, tart tudomnyos s ismeretterjeszt eladsokat. Emellett az elmlt vben az
Etvs Lornd Tudomnyegyetem Trk Filolgia Tanszkn trk nyelvet oktatott.
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Abstract
Vmbry as a public hgure
In Hungary Vmbry is primarily known as a Turkologist and scholar, while in an international
context he is also known for his political expertise in Central Asian and Ottoman matters and
his diplomatic and clandestine activities. Te latter has had a diferent reception depending
on the place: in Britain he was lionized, while in Turkey he has often been considered a spy or
double agent. He had established contacts with British Foreign Ofce circles already around
the time of his famous travel to Central Asia in 18631864, but these relations only became
frequent between 1889 and 1913, when he regularly reported to the Foreign Ofce primarily
about Ottoman afairs. Te most prominent subject of his reports was his regular visits at
the court of Sultan Abdulhamid II and his conversations with him. Acting as an intermediary
between the British and the Ottomans with the tacit consent of the Sultan, Vmbry intended
to alleviate the confict over the British occupation of Egypt and possibly forge an anti-Russian
alliance. Nave as he might have been in great power politics and secret diplomacy, Vmbrys
reports provide a fascinating insight into the world power maneuveres of the last decades of
the 19
th
through the frst decade of the 20
th
century, a period that decided the fate of empires.
Te frst part of the presentation will give a general outline of the context in which Vmbry, a
scion of a poor Jewish family, could fashion himself as an exponent of Hungarian nationalism
as well as British and Ottoman interests at the same time. Te second part of the presentation
will focus on two fles preserved at the Public Record Ofce in London and outline the main
topics of the correspondence.
sszefoglal
Vmbry, a kzleti szemlyisg
Vmbry rmin letmvnek haznkban taln kevsb ismert aspektusa nemzetkzi politikai
jsgri, valamint diplomciai tevkenysge. Ez utbbi megtlse igen szles skln mozgott
az elmlt vszzadban, hiszen mg Nagy-Britanniban hsnek kijr tisztelet vezte a 19. sz-
zad msodik felben a magyar kutatt, addig az Oszmn Birodalomban, majd Trkorszgban
egyre inkbb kmnek, ketts gynknek blyegeztk. Vmbry 18631864-es kzp-zsiai uta-
zsa sorn s utn kerlt szoros kapcsolatba az angol klgy munkatrsaival, aminek egyenes
kvetkezmnye lett, hogy 18891913 kztt lland levelezsben llt a Foreign Ofce keleti
gyekkel foglalkoz munkatrsaival. A II. Abdulhamid szultn tudtval s az angolok hallgat-
lagos beleegyezsvel vgzett kzvetti munkja ma is vitk trgyt kpezi, m a forrsokbl
egyrtelmen kiderl, hogy a Brit Birodalom, valamint a keleti kultra irnt egyarnt rajong
Vmbry clja a civakod angol s trk vezetk kibktse, az Egyiptom krl tmadt ellentt
feloldsa s egy oroszellenes szvetsg ltrehozsa volt. Br a nagypolitika tvesztiben kiss
esetlenl mozg tuds vgl nem rte el cljt, levelei mgis rendkvl rdekes bepillantst en-
gednek a 19. szzad utols vtizednek s a 20. szzad els veinek birodalmak sorst eldnt
diplomciai manverezseibe. Az elads els rsze ltalnos ttekintst kvn adni Vmb-
ry rminrl, egy szegny zsid csald gyermekrl, aki egyszerre lett a magyar nacionalizmus
hve, valamint a brit s az oszmn rdekek tmogatja. Az elads msodik rsze a londoni
Nemzeti Levltr gyjtemnyben rztt anyagot veszi szemgyre, melybl kiderl, Vmbry
milyen fontos gyekben prblt kzvetteni a vilgbirodalmak vitiban.
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