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I LOEB

CLASSICAL

LIBRARY

|i
I
^

APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY

II

BOOKS

VIII Part II" XII

#
Translated by
HORACE

WHITE

3g

Printedin Great Britain

VOLUMES

PUBLISHED

GREEK

author:

TATIUS ACHILLAS 3 vols. ON animals AELIAN: ONASANDER TACTICUS. ASCLEPIODOTUS. AENEAS AESCHINES 2 vols. AESCHYLUS. AELIAN. : the PHILOSTRATUS LFrraRS ALCIPHRON. AND ANDOCIDES, minor ANTIPHON see attic orators 2 vols. APOLLODORUS. RHODIUS APOLLONIUS 2 vols, FATHERS. THE APOSTOLIC 4 vols. HISTORY. : ROMAN APPIAN 3 vols. ARISTOPHANES. of rhetoric art ARISTOTLt: constitution, eudemian ethics Athenian ARISTOTLE: generation of animals ARISTOTLE: 2 vols. : metaphysics. ARISTOTLE ARISTOTLE: meteorologl^ minor works ARISTOTLE: ethics ARISTOTLE: nicomachean moralia magna ARISTOTLE: oeconomica, (with metaphysics Vol. II) on heavens the ARISTOTLE: parva naturalia, the soul, on breath on ARISTOTLE: on interpretation, categories, prior analytics. ARISTOTLE: topics posterior analytics, ARISTOTLE: ON refutations, sophistical ARISTOTLE: and others. parts, movement, of animals ARISTOTLE: progression 2 vols. : physics. ARISTOTLE ON the poetics. LONGINUS: sublime ARISTOTLE: ON style DEMETRIUS: ARISTOTLE: politics 2 vols. : problems. ARISTOTLE ad alexandrum ARISTOTLE: rhetorica (withProblems, Vol. II) 2 vols. and of Alexander indica. ARRIAN: history 7 vols. the deipnosophists. ATHENAEUS: 4 vols. letters. ST. BASIL: fragments CALLIMACHUS: hymns, ARATUS epigrams. LYCOPHRON. CALLIMACHUS. OF ALEXANDRIA CLEMENT I: philippics DEMOSTHENES olynthiacs. minor and I-XVHandXX orations: II: de corona DEMOSTHENES legatione and de falsa III: androtion, meidl"lS, DEMOSTHENES aristocrates, I and II timocrates and aristogetton, DEMOSTHENES IV- VI: private orations and in neaeram VII: funeral speech, essay, DEMOSTHENES erotic exoedia
and
letters

9 vols. DIO CASSIUS. 5 vols. DIO CHRYSOSTOM. VII. DC. X. XI 12 vols. Vols. ISICULUS. DIODORUS 2 vols. LAERTIUS. DIOGENTES OF HALICARNASSUS: 7 vols. DIONYSIUS roman ANngurriES. 2 vols. EPICTETUS. 4 vols. EURIPIDES. 2 vols. history. EUSEBIUS: ecclesl^tical GALEN: on nature the faculties 5 vols. THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. POETS: GREEK BUCOLIC THE THEOCRITUS, BION, MOSCHUS 2 vols. GREEK ELEGY and IAMBUS with the ANACREONTEA. 2 vols. GREEK WORKS. MATHEMATICAL 4 vols. HERODOTUS. HYMNS HESIOD and the HOMERIC 4 vols. HIPPOCRATES. HOMER: 2 vols. iliad. 2 vols. HOMER: odyssey. ISAEUS 3 vols. ISOCRATES. ST. JOHN and ioasaph barlaam DAMASCENE: 9 vols. Vols. I-VII JOSEPHUS. JULIAN. 3 vols. chloe. selections PARTHENIUS: and daphnis LONGUS: 8 vols. Vols. I-VII LUCIAN.

America

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THE

LOEB
FOUNDED

CLASSICAL
BY

LIBRARY
LL.D.

JAMES

LOEB,

EDITED

BY
C.H.,

tT. fE. CAPPS,

L. A. POST,
PH.D., L.H.D.

E. PAGE,

LITT.D.

LL.D.

tW. H.

D.

ROUSE,

litt.d.

E. H. WARMINGTON,

m.a.,

f.r.hist.soc.

APPIAN'S

ROMAN
II

HISTORY

First Reprinted

printed 1932,

1912
1956, 1962

Printed

in

Great

Britain

CONTEXTS
PAOB

BOOK

VIII.

"

PART

II.

"

NUMIDIAN

AFFAIRS

(FRAGMENTS)
....

BOOK

IX."

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

(FRAGMENTS)

9
53 103

BOOK

X."

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

BOOK

XI."

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

T;00K

XII."

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

239

APPIAN'S
BOOK

ROMAN

HISTORY

VIII"

PAKT
AFFAIRS

II

NUMIDIAN

FRAGMENTS

AnniANOY

P12MAIKA

"
EK

THS

NOMAAIKH^
I

"Ort, Bo/i,tA,;\;a9 KaTrjyopov/jL6vo"i ecjivye nrpo BlKrj(;, Br) to rovro avv avrw, Kol *lioy6pOa"; 7repL"^ep6BoypoBoKovvra^ otl fxevov 69 701*? eliroiv, ^V w fxaicov 77 TToXt? iarlv oivia iraaa, el tl"^ aivrirrj^; avrrj"i evpedeirj. Mai script, vet. n. coll. t. II p. 367.
II

"On MereXXo? 'P(o/jLaiOL";

T7]T0"; e?

e? Al^vtjv rrjv ave^evyvvev

viro

a^oBpa
p. 561.

alriav e')(wv irapa tc3 arparS) ^paBvTroXe/jiLov; koI eirlcrcpiaiv wfjcoTT^ro^i' Toiff; Val. yap TOv"i aiJLaprdvovTa"i eKoXa^ev.
Ill

"Ota
oXrjV
ft)?

MereWo?
rr]v

^ayaiwv

avrjpei

rrjv

^ovXrjv
kol top ovk

irpoBovra'; (fypovpav TovpTrlXiov, avBpa (f"povpapxov kavrov

^loyopda,

'Pco/jLalov

avviroTTTw^
2

Tol"i iroXe/iloL^, e7;^"t/?tcrai^Ta

APPIAN'S
BOOK

ROMAN
VIII"

HISTORY
PART
AFFAIRS

II

NUMIDIAN

I.

From

the

Vatican

MSS.

of

Cardinal

Mai
bo

under accusation fled before his Jugurtha, who trial, and with him uttered that famous saying about bribetakers, that " the whole city of Rome could be bought if a purchaser could be found for it."
BoMiLCAR
being

II.

From

"

Virtues

and

Vices

"

back to the African province, 109 Metellus went where he was accused by the soldiers of dilatoriness in attacking the enemy and of cruelty towards his because he punished offenders severely. men, own

III.

From

the

Same

Metellus put the whole senate of Vacca to death 108 because they had betrayed the Roman garrison Turpilius, comto Jugurtha, and the mander with them had citizen, who of the garrison, a Roman surrendered himself to the enemy under suspicious

APPIAN'S
eiraiTKereLve

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

VIII

SpaKa"; Be Kot Aiyva^ rf}^ovXfj. [lev Ta"; \a^(bv irapa 'loyopOa, twv avTOfioXov; 7^^'^po? fJ^XP'' %et/ja9 a'rrerefive,roix;Be e? rr]v yrjv en r] ia-aKOvrl^eov Kol Trepcro^evcov KaTuypvaae,
efiTTveova-v Trvp

vireTiOeL. id. ib.

IV

7rpea/3ec"; a"f)iKOfievov BoK^ov riva^ e? X6701;? iraprjcrav, ol TrefKpOrjvaL ASXo? re Bo/c^ft) irapeKoXovv. Kol eTrep"^6r]aav SvXXa? 6 6 Ma\Xt09 fcal }^opv7]\to"; irpea-^evTrj^i 'Va)fjLaiOt"; Bo";^09 o 0*9 TroXe/xijaac ra/JLLa";, ecpr] Blo,yidpLOV jr]v yap fjvavTO"; ^loyopOav cK^eiXero, Bok^o'^ jjlIvBt) vvv 7r/?09 M.apLOV a(j)r)pr}a-6ai. B' Ma\\t09 ravra rrjv yrjv rrjvBe eveKaXei, ej"ri 'Fcofjiaiovf; %v(^aKa iroXefiov vojjlw koX acpeXea-OaL
BcBopat Be 'VcofiaLov^; Boopedv, Bovvai M.a(Tcravdcrarj Bcopea"; fiovXfj Ta9 ex^tv T0t9 Xa^ovcnv ea)9 av

"Otl

tov

MapLov

69

Kiprav

rfj

BoKrj.ov fMrjv aXoyax; /juerayvcovar Kol r(p BrjfJbW y[a"T(javdacrr]v re tov"; yap aTrodavelv, Koi ^loyopOav KaraKaivovra Maaaavddaov 7ra2Ba"i 'Vo)p,aLOL"^ ovp en TToXe/xLOv yeveadai. ovk elvai BiKaiov ovre tov iroXep.iov e%eti/ Bwpeav rjv eBo/iev
ovre "^iX(p,
ae

BoKelv ^loyopdav

d(f)aLpela6at rd

'Fcofiaioiv. Kal MaXXt09

fiev rdBe irepl Trj"! 7^9

eXe^ev.

Urs. p. 370.

NUMIDIAN

AFFAIRS
b-c-

After Juixurtha had delivered up to circumstances. Metellus certain Tliracian and Ligurian deserters, the latter cut off the hands of some, and others he buried in the earth up to their stomachs, and after
transfixing them

with
were

them

while they

and still alive.

arrows

darts set fire to

iV.
When

From

"The

Embassies**

Marius arrived at Cirta messengers came to 107 him from Bocchus asking that he would send somebody He accordingly to hold a conference with him. Aulus Manlius, his lieutenant, and Cornelius sent To them Bocchus said that he Sulla, his quaestor. fought against the Romans on account of the acts of Marius, who had taken from him the territory which from To this Jugurtha. he himself had taken Manlius of Bocchus, replied that the complaint Romans had taken this territory from Syphax by a right of arms, and had made present of it to Masinissa, and that such gifts were by the made Romans by those who received them to be kept during the pleasure of the Senate and people of Rome. He added that they had not changed their for that Masinissa was dead minds without reason, and that Jugurtha, by murdering his grandchildren, " It is not had become an enemy of the Romans. " therefore right," he said, that an enemy should keep the gift that we made to a friend, nor should you think that you can take from Jugurtha property Tliese were the words that belongs to the Romans." of Manlius concerning the territory in question.

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

VIII

"On

6 BoKXO^

eT"pov";

herjaeadai, Maptou fjiev e/xeWov irepl eiprjvr]"i Bia\.va"t,"i. e? ra"; 'l.vXKa he Xva avfjuTrpd^eiev \r)arev6evTa"; S' ev oBw tol'? Trpecr/Set?rovcrSe 6 dirb Si^XXa? p-expi' Mupiov Kal ^evu^ei vTreBe^aro, he ^oicxpv hihdVanovXwv eiraveXOelv. iroprjvei diravTUfV. ^vWa OTL (jKeiv TreideaOaL irepl xph ^loyopOa irpohoaiav ovv Trpo? rrjv rod ijhrj evhihov^; 6 ^ofcxo^, e? p^ev viroKpLcnv eir dWov arparov
irepieTrep.Trev e? ecnrepav utto 'WavpovaLov

ot 7rpecr/9et?, eVe/A-v/re

At^tovra? tol/? 'yeirova^, ol eirX hu'jKovaLV e? to kwwv KWlottwv rcov "ArXai^ra, Mdpiov 6po"i o koXovctiv

"EvWav avveXOelv e? \670u?. ol Trefju^au he "Ayjrapa /JL6V eirepLire rbv ^vWav, Koi Mdpio^ l^ofcxov *loy6p6a ev KardXeXeLfM/jLepov

3*

rj^Lov

(piXov,

rd e"f)opav

jLyvop-eva,

aiiro'^

re

Bo'-'^o?

Koi

Bokxov, MayhdXaTT? Kal Tt? e^eXe.vdepo" "/)t\o? ivrjhpevaav whe. dvhpb"i Kap^T/So^'tov, KopprjXLO^,

id. ib.

NUMIDIAN
V. From

AFFAIRS Same

the

to solicit peace B.a BoccHUS sent another embassy from Marius and urge Sulla to assist them in the despoiled by These ambassadors were negotiation. robbers on the road, but Sulla received them kindly from and entertained them until Marius returned Bocchus to urge Marius advised them Gaetulia. Accordingly Bocchus, to obey Sulla in everything. by now inclined to betray Jugurtha, sent who was Ethiopians around to the neighbouring messengers (who extend from eastern Ethiopia westward to the Mauretanian Mount Atlas) under pretence of raising a new army, and then asked Marius to send Sulla to him for a conference, which Marius did. Bocchus himself, and his friend Magdalses, and a certain Cornelius, deceived freedman of Carthage, named Apsar, the friend of Jugurtha, who had been left in Bocchus' camp to keep watch on his doings, in the following way.

BOOK
MACEDONIAN

IX
AFFAIRS

FRAGMENTS

EK

THS

MAKEA0NIKH2

"Ort *VcD/jLaLOL rov

^CKiTnTOV

rov

MaKeS6vo"; rov

iroXefJirjcravTO^ avTol"; irepi irdfiiraviiroXuTrpayfjLOVOvv

ovSei', ovBe

a(f)Lcnv
'IraXta?

iv0ufjiLO"; r}v 6\a)";

ere '7rovov/j,"vr]";

t?}?

vtto

^Avvi/3ov rod

l^ap')(rjhovL(jdv Kal avrol /JLeydXoL^; (TrpaTrjyov, Kapxv^ova Kal 'l^rjpiav "7rpaT0L"; Ai^urjv Kal ^CKeXiav. avrb"; Kal KaOicrrd/jLevoL TrepiKaOrj/nevoi, iTTiOu/lla Be OtXtTTTTO? OvBiv TL "PX^9 fJL"L^OVO"i, "9 rrjv ^IraXvav TTpoTraOayv,eire/iTre tt/jo?'Avvi/3av
oiv irpea^ei^,

rjyelro

S"vo"pdvr)^, v7na)(^i^ovfi"vo";
'IraXtai/,el KdKelvo"i

avTUi
avTM

iirl rrjv (Tv/ji/jiaxv^"iv

avpL^dvTOs

'RWdSa. rrjv KarepydcraaOaL avvOoiTO 8' "9 ravra ^Avvl/3ouKal iirl rov
re rov

omoaavro^;, crvvdrjKr]

rfj irpicr^eLf; avriTre/n-^lrav

7rp6cr^ei,"^ S ^iXirrTro^ e^'
dva7rkeovra";,

irrlTOL'9 opKOVi

^iXlinrov, 'Fcofiaiwv rpLrjprjf;

Kal dyavaKrwv

eKa^e
"9

rov^

eKarepcov

^VdipLrjv eKOjiLcrev.

KepKvpa
V. p. 357.
lO

Trpoae/SaXev,y

'Fco/xaLOL"i

a^vvefidx^t.

BOOK

IX
AFFAIRS

xMACEDONIAN
I.
The Romans

From

"

The

Embassies

"

when busy about other things that they did not were so even think of him, for Italy was stillscourged by Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, and they had large armies
were

donian, paid no attention to Philip,the Macehe began war They against them.

in

restoring by a desire of enlarging his dominions, moved although he had suffered nothing whatever at the hands of the Romans, sent an embassy, the chief of

Africa, Carthage, and Spain, and order in Sicily. Philip himself,

|jS*

which

was

Xenophanes,

to

Hannibal

in

Italy,
to

promising to aid him in Italy if he would assist him in the subjugation of Greece. agreed to this arrangement and took

consent

Hannibal
an

oath

to

support it,and sent the oath of Philip.

an

embassy A Roman

in return trireme

to receive

intercepted

the ambassadors of both on their return and carried Thereupon to Rome. Philip in his anger them

attacked Corcyra, which

was

in alliance with Rome.

xz

APPIANS

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

II

'Ore
Tov

'V(D[xaiov^ ra ivrj'ye tov"; he ^iXlttttov iroXe/jLOV. eart

^i^vWcia
ravra'

et"j

avxovvres
v/MV
YjTOi

^ApyedSyaiv, Ma/CT/Soz^e? ^ao-iXevaL

ay aOov
kul

Koipavecov

Trrjixa ^iXiiriro^.

6 fxev irporepo^ TroXecnv Xaolcrit avaKra^; Orjaei,6 K oTrXorepof: rt/ir]V airo iraaav oXeaaei, S' kaTrepioLaiv vir BfjLTjOe}^; ivOdS' avhpdaiv
oXelrai,.
Mai
p. 368.

Ill
1. "Ore TiroXe^aiov
tov

Alyvirrov ^aaiXevovTO";

avroh erepoc irapd re Xlcov koX McrvXrjvaLcov koX ^A/ivvdvSpov rod ^AOa/idvcov ^aaCXeco^,Bl";, evOa irep ol AlrcoXol rd"; TroXef? exdXovv, crvvfjXOov eirX SiaXXayfj eTria-KexIro/jLevaf; ^iXlttttov. ^ovX'PwfjLalcov Kol AlrwXoiv kol S' elirovro^ ovk eivai TriKiov Kvp'iov irepl koX avv irpea-^etf;,

rrj(;

elp^vrj";Kplvai,
(TreXXovro"i
on

re

rr)V Kal 'Pw/iato^?

rj jiev

e?

/SovXtjV

Kpv^a

eTTi-

AlroyXoix; ^iXiirTrw,
eKcoXvae,

TroXe/ietv crufjicpepet, ^ovXtj ra? avvOrjKa^;

Kal rol"^ AlrcoXol^ eTre/nre avfji/jLax^av lirirea^x^Xlov";, fieO^ mp kol /jLvplov"; ol Tre^ou? fjv ov AlrcoXol ^Afi^paKuav, ttoXv KareXa^ov ^iXi7nro"; diroiTXevadvrdiv dveavrwv varepov Xa^ev. ol he irpea-jSei'; av6i": crvvrjXOov, Kal eXeyov, ore ^iXLTnro^ Kal AlrcoXol iroXXa "j)avep(o"; "EXXrjva^ e? hovXeiav 'VcofiaLOi"; Bia^epofievoL roi'? 'KXXdho^ avrov"i

vTTO^dXXova-iv, eOi^ovrefi
12

t"}9

MACEDONIAN
II.

AFFAIRS MSS.
Cardinal Mai

From

the

Vatican

of

Sibylline books induced the Romans to make b.c. " war The Macedonians against Philip by these lines : boast their descent from Argive kings. Philip The elder to you. will be the arbiter of weal or woe shall give rulers to cities and peoples, of that name but the younger shall lose every honour, and shall die here, conquered by men of the w^est."

The

III.
1. Ambassadors

From

"The

Embassies"

from Ptolemy, king of Egypt, and 208 with them others from Chios and Mitylene, and from king of the Athamanes, Amynander, assembled at two different times at the place where the Aetolians to call their cities together for were accustomed consultation, to compose the differences between the Romans, the Aetolians, and Philip. But as Sulpicius said that it was not in his power to conclude peace, and wrote privately to the Senate that it was for the that the Aetolians should advantage of the Romans continue the war against Philip, the Senate forbade the treaty and sent 10,000 foot and 1000 horse to With their help the Aetolians assist the Aetolians. Philip recovered, not long took Ambracia, which Again the ambassaafterward, on their departure. dors

assembled and said openly and repeatedly that Philip and the Aetolians, by their differences, were the Greeks to servitude to the Romans, subjecting l)ecause they were the latter to make accustoming

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

Oa/jLLva ireipaaOai.

icf)* ol"! 6
he

fiev

^ovXTTLKiof;
7]Kova"i",

Xeyeiv. dX)C eKeKpdyeaav Tov"i TrpecrySei? ev 2. Kal TeXo"; AlrcoXoi re irpoiroi Kara avev a"^a^, '"Pcofxalcov, ^lXlttttq) Kal irpia^ei^ avv6^7j(rav, 'VwfiaLcov i-nlhtaWayal'^ avTov (PiXiTTTTOV Kal d"f)L'Voifxaloi^ Kovro "9 'V(join]v. Kal eyevovro avvdrJKaL dSiKelv toi)? eKarepwOev Kal ^L\L7r7r(p,/jLTjSerepov; "9 fxev Br) rovr rj ^tkiiTTrov Kal (j)l\ov";. eXrj^ev *F(Ofialo)v 69 aXX7]\ov"^ nrelpa irpcorr], Kal rd'i

avTiXe^wvavlcTTaro, to

ovic 7r\7}^o?

avvOrjKa^ iBoKOvv

ovSerepoL ^"j3ai,ov";, ovB'

air

eijoia^,

U. p. 357. TreTTOirjaOaL.
IV

''Ort fjcer
Kocov

ou

ttoXv

"J"tXi7r7ro9/xev

rcov

vrrrj-

T0fc9

CTTt

6a\dcr(Tr)"^crroXov

eTrayyeiXa'^,

^djjLov Kal X.10V elXe, Kal jxepo"; Ti}9^ArrdXov 7^9 direireipacre Hepyd/j-ov, firj eiTopdrjae, Kal auTf]";

iepwv rj ttjv re 'VoBiwv irepaiav Td"pow, iBrjov BiaXXaKTrfprov ol yeyovorwv, Kal erepo) ^KrriKrjV iXvfxaivero Kal rd"; fiepec (TT parol) rijv 'VwpLaiOL^ ^A9rjva"^ eiroXiopKeL, 009 ovhev rwvBe re "t"tXt7r7ro9Kal TrpocTTjKovrcov. Xoyo9 rjv on AvrLoxo"i 6 Svpcov /SaaiXeix;vTroaxocvro dXXrj'AvTLOx^ Xot9, f^ev 6 ^LXt7r7ro"; crvcrrparevaecv irrl AtyvTrrov Kal i^/rl KvTrpov, wv T" rore en r)p-)(ev UroX"/iaio"; 6 reraprof;, w (tiv 7raL"i ^LXoirdroap 'A^'Tto;^o9 iirdivvfiov r)v, ^lXlttttu) S' eVt Kvpyjvrjv vtjaov; Kal Ta9 KvKXdSa^ Kal Xcoviav,

(f)eLB6uevo";

14

MACEDONIAN
frequent

AFFAIRS

Sulpicius When Greece. attempts upon JJ to reply to tliem the crowd would not hear him, rose but shouted that the ambassadors had spoken well. 2. Finally the Aetolians took the initiative and 205 made peace with Philip by themselves without the by to Rome Romans, sent and ambassadors were Philip himself and by tlie commander of the Roman Peace was to an agreement. forces in order to come between them on the condition that neither made to the friends of the party should do any injury the result of the first trial of other. This was between them, neither of them and strength based or one, believed that the treaty was a secure
on

goodwill.
IV.
From
the

Same

Not long afterward Philip, having ordered a fleet200 took Samos to be prejKired by his maritime subjects, and Chios and devastated a part of the territory of itself, He even King Attalus. assailed Pergamus He also ravaged not sparing temples or sepulchres. been had the Mainland of the Rhodians, who With another promoters of the treaty of peace. Attica and laid siege to part of his army he ravaged Athens, on the ground that none of these countries It was reported also that a concerned the Romans. league had been made between Philip and Antiochus, king of Syria, to the effect that Philip should help Antiochus to conquer Egypt and Cyprus, of which Philopator,i who was Ptolemy IV., surnamed stilla boy, was the ruler ; and that Antiochus should help Philip to gain Cyrene, the Cyclades islands,and Ionia.
This should be Ptolemy V., surnamed Epiphanes, the of Ptolemy Philopator. The latter died in B.C. 203.
1

son

15

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

airavri]vSe rrjv So^av, eKTapdacrovaav 'VoSlol fiev 'Vwjiaioi^ ifi^pvaav, iirl Be tol"; Ta"^ Pohiwv Adt']vala3v irpea^et^rjTioivro ^lXlttttov T/}9TTokiopKia'i. Kol Alra)\ol fxerajLyvioa K0VTe"i

Kal

uttlo-tov Kal ireplacpcis y"yop6TO";, 'Fcofiaicov re e? tov"; avpL[xd-)(pv"i r/^iovv avdi"i 'Vcofxaloi 8' AtrwXoi? "yjpa(f)f]i'ai. e/jLe/jL-yj 3' e? ou TTpo iroWov

Karrj'yopovv

ct)9

T?}?
Tov"i

iSaaCkea'^eirepbrrov, dl Trporjyopevop

/jL6Ta^oX7]";, irpea^eif;
avTOL"^

'AvTLO'^ov jiev AlyvTrro) /jLT)iinx^ipelvy ^iXiTnrov Be fxrjBev "9 'PoStou9 ^ArraXov rj Wd7]paLov"; rj dWov 'PfOfiaicov dfiapTaveiv. Tiva Tj 69 (plXov 6 ^lXltttto^ direKpivaro 'VwfiaioL^ rovTOL^

e^eiv

epLfxivwcnv y avveOevTO 7rpo"; yevofxevai jxev al elprjvr]. ovTco crTTOvBaX iXi'Po)jjLai(ov"9 ttjv 'EWdBa \vvTO, Kal arparta UottXIov koX vavapaTpaTrjyouvTO"i rjTreiyeTO,
XovvTo^

Ka\co";,

av

avrov

AevKLov.

U. p. 358.

'

Otl

Ot\i7r7ro9 6 MaKeSovcov
. . .

^acn\ev"; t"
avrov^

"t"\a/xi,VLV(p
pwTwv

crrjrec, crvvayovTwv

'HTret-

")9 Be 6 "t"\afMU"LVO"i '^iXLinrov Trpicr/Seoyv, 'Pa)/zatot9 'E\XaSo9 iKo-rrjvai ov eKeXevaev

t?}9

aWa

raL";

TroXeaLV

avTal"^, Kal

Ta9

^Xdl3a^

TaL"i

6 /xev 7rpoeip7]/xevaL";diroBoOijvai, Mai p. 368. /ubev

.

^tXt7r7ro9 rd

VI

UoL/xrjv viTe(T')(eTO arparbv Suid. drpifif] Tptalv r)ijLepaL"i.

i6

ev^wvov d^eivoBov v. ev^copou

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS
bc,

This rumour, which caused universal dismay, the Rhodians communicated After the Rhodito Rome. ans, ambassadors of Athens came complaining of the siege instituted by Philip. The Aetolians also had

of repented of their treaty, and they complained Philip's bad faith toward them and asked to be inscribed again as allies. The Romans reproached defection, but they the Aetolians for their recent sent ambassadors to the kings ordering Antiochus not to invade Egypt, and Philip not to molest the Rhodians, or the Athenians, or Attalus, or any other that it ally of theirs. To them Philip made answer would be well if the Romans would abide by the treaty of peace they had entered into with him. Thus was the treaty dissolved and a Roman army hastened to Greece, Publius commanding the land forces and Lucius the fleet.

V. From

the

Vatican

MSS.

of

Cardinal

Mai

Philip, king of Macedon, had a conference with i98 Flamininus, which had been brouglit about by the ambassadors of the Epiiots. Wlien Flamininus ordered Philip to evacuate Greece, in favour, not of the Romans, but of the Greek cities themselves, and to make he had done to these good the damage cities, Philip partly.
.
.

VI. From

Suidas

SHEPHERD
a

army by

promised to guide a lightly equipped littleused path in three days.

APPIANS

ROMAN

HISTORY,
VII

BOOK

IX

^A')(aicov aireareiXe (TvWoyov ot fiera ^AOijvaicov Trpea/Sei^;, 'FoSlcov eireudov avrov^ Koi fieraOecrOav irpo^ he koI ^lXlttttov, hieiTpea^eveTO uTTo rod "7(pd^ ^LXlittto^ alrcov /SoijOeiav co? av/jLfj.u)(ov";. ol Be
"Ot"
AevKLO"; Koiprio";
"";
tov tmv

evoxXovfievoi Na/3i009 rov

yeirovi TroXe/xco OLKelw kol AaKeSaifxovicovrvpdvvov, SieaTcoref; Be Tal"i "yvo)jiiai"i rjiropovv, kol ol irXeiove'; rjpovvTO Bid 'Fco/jLalov; ^lXlttttov kol ra jiev
riva

1.ov\irLKiov tov arpaTrjyov Be iyKet/jLevoyv tmv /3iaL0)(; pcofial7rapavo/jL7)para. direxf^povv ^ovrcov, eKK\r}aia^ ol TToWol Trj"i Bvcry^epaLvovre^, kol ol XolttoX Bid rrjv oXiyorrjTa
e?

ryv

'EXXaSa

airecTTpecjiovro

auveOevTO eK^iaaOevre^i
TjKoXovdovv U. p. 359.

tcG AevKiw,

kol

ev6v";

eirl Kopn^Oov

"pepovTe"i fiy-^aiij/jLara

VIII

avOL"; avvrjXOev e? Xoyov^ IMr/Xiea koXttov, ev9a KarvjAltcoXwv tov "t"i\LTT7Tov'PoBicov KOL yopovvTcov ifceXevae ^iXLirTrov Kol ^AfivvdpBpov TOV ^A6a/xavo"=;
e/c e? "i"coKLSo";, koX irpea/SeL^ Td"^ ^povpd.^ e^dyeiv ^Vdifii^v Be dfKpoTepnv; yevopievcov aTroaTelXai. 'Vw/xalcov ev TOVTcov, ol fiev ''EXX7]V""^ Tjj^ovXfjTy 'EXXaSo9 ^IXiTTTTov i^ayayelv e/c TOV r^? Tj^Lovv Tat; a? avTo^; Tyoet? Tre^a? eKoXei t^? (ppovpd^

*'Otl ^\apLVivo"; ^iXiTTTTcp Kara rov

'EXXdBo";,

Ty]v
kol

fiev

ev

l^v^oevcn
18

AoKpoh

X-uXklBi, Boiwrot? iTriKeL/jLevyjv, Tr)v Be

/cai
ev

MACEDONIAN
VII. From
"The

AFFAIRS
Embassies"

Lucius Quintius sent envoys to the b.c, [Flamininus] Achaean League to persuade them, together with the Pliilipand join Athenians and Rhodians, to abandon Phihp also sent ambassadors, asking the Romans. But they, being as assistance from them alHes. borders with Nabis, on their own troubled by a war divided in mind and the tyrant of Lacedaemon, were hesitated. Tlie greater part of them preferred the on alliance of Philip and sided against the Romans comaccount mitted of certain outrages against Greece When former by Sulpicius, the commander. faction urged their views with vehemence, the Roman left the assembly in disgust, most of their opponents and the remainder, being forced to yield by the entered into an alliance smallness of their number, to the siege of with Lucius and followed him at once Corinth, bringing engines of war with them.

VIII. From

the

Same

conference with Philip a i"7 second time at the Malian gulf. When the Rhodians, Amynander the Athamanian the Aetolians, and Philip, Flamininus their complaints against made his garrisons from ordered him to remove Phocis, and required both parties to send ambassadors done the Greeks asked When to Rome. this was from Senate to require Philip to remove the Roman their country the three garrisons which he called "the fetters of Greece ened ; the one at Chalcis, which threatthe Boeotians, the Euboeans, and the Locrians ;

Flamininus

came

into

"

19

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

Kopivdrp KaOdirep irv\aL"; rrjv UeXoirovvrjaov airorrjv AItco\oi"^ KKeiovcrav, kol rpiTrjv ev Aij/jirjTptdSc Mdyi'Tjaiv iipeSpevovaav Be ^ovXrj rov"^ Kol 7) ijpero ^iXlttttov Trepl roovBe ri (ppovoirj Trpea^ei^ 6 Ta)i" (fipovpcbv ^acn\ev"^, dTTOKpiva/jiivayvBe 6 n d"yvoelv,^Xafiivlvov Kpivelv, kol irpd^eiv ecprj Bi/catov rjyTjrai. ovrco av fiev ol 7rp6a/3"i"; eV 'Pco/xr;? ^\a/iiPLvo"; Be kol "5"tXt7r7ro? eiravrjeaav, dWr)\oL"i av0c"i e? iroXefxov "9 ovBev

av^l3aivovT6^

KaOiaravTo.

U. p. 360.

IX

irdXiv 6 ^L\iinTo"i Trepl avfirfTTr}06l"; 6 S' jSdcrecov tt/jo? ^XafMLvlvov, eireKTjpvKeveTO

1. "Or* ttoWo, avveXOelv e? \6yov"i avve)(^copeL, av9i"i avTU) AlrayXcop Bv "!')(" Bua^aWovpaivovrcov, kol jjbevTMV kol kovtwv rwv avTov e? BwpoBoKLav, KaTaytyvwcj rjyov/xevo^ 8' Tr]"; t'9 diravra evx^pov'i

/^era/^oX'^?,
rot?

ovje

'PwyLtatot?

^iXiiTiTov KaOaipeOevTO"i eTmroXdcraL T'tjvAItcoXmv to koi jBiav. "^dya 8' avTov Trj"^viKt^^ irapdBo^ov Be ")(^(opiov ay airdv ol top eiroiet. avvdefievo^ ^iXiTriTov eireXOelv eBet touv eKeXevae crv/xiJidxov'^ KaTCL iroKei^. yvcofi7]v TrpoaiTo^rjvaaOai rd fiev dXXcov Br) irapd twv re r]v, to t/}? (piXdvOpcoTra dS^-jXov ^iXiinTO^ o a)V i^ eiraOev rvxv^ v(f)op(DdaOeveiav Kar ov tovto to TTTatcr/^a fievcov, fcal dXXd avrov "k avuTV'yLa"; TrXeov iraOelv rjyovBe 0 tmv AItwXmv WXe^avBpo"; puevwv irpoeBpo^ ^Xa/xLvlvov on dyvoelv fiyBev dXXo [ir^re e^r)top

ovre au/xcfyepeLV

'^EWrjai

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

b-*'the one at Corinth, which closed the door of the Peloponnesus ; and the third at Demetrias, which, as kept guard over it were, the Aetolians and the The Senate asked Philip's ambassadors Magnesians. respecting these garrisons. what the king's views were When they answered they did not know, the Senate said that Flamininus should decide the question and do what he considered just. So the ambassadors took their departure from Rome, but Flamininus and Philip, being unable to come to any agreement, resumed hostilities.

IX. From

the

Same

1. Philip, after being defeated again, sent a herald to Flamininus to sue for peace, and again Flamininus the Aetolians granted him a conference, whereat were greatly displeased and accused him of being bribed by the king, and complained of his facile But he to all these matters. as change of mind thought that it would not be to the advantage of the Romans, or of the Greeks, that Philip should be deposed haps, Perand the Aetolian power made supreme. also, the unex])ected victory made him satisfied. Having agreed upon a place where Philip should he directed the alliesto deliver their opinions come, first city by city. The others were disposed to be
ot moderate, viewing suspiciously the uncertainties fortune as evinced in the calamities of Philip, and considering this disaster that had befallen him due to weakness luck. to bad But as not so much Alexander, the presiding officer of the Aetolians, said, " Flaminiims is ignorant of the fact that nothing else

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

'Peayxatof?

fiijO^
^

'^EWrjcrc

avvolcrei7r\i]v i^aipeOrjvai

2. 'O he

'Pco/iatco^ AXe^avhpov ayvoelv "(f)^] r^v

ttco

ra 6vayxo"i, e^eiaavTO, /cal Kap)(r)BovLQ)v ac^erepa kol tov"; avTOL^ TroLrjad/jLevoL aTToSoi^re? "j)iXov"; S'," kol rjhLKriK6ra";. dyvo"L"; rov6\ on ecj^rj, "EWrjaLV ^dp/Sapa rrjv TO?? eOvT} TroWd, ocra MaKeMaKeBovlav TrepiKdOrjTai, tov"; el Ti? e^eXot Bovwv ftacn\ea";, eTrcSpafielraL pahica. oOev iyco IS/laKehovwv tmv eav BoKifid^co TTjV fiev dp^yv ^IXiTTTrov vficov 77/909 tov"; /3apj3dpov^, irpoiroXefjielv "KWyjaiv Be eKaTrjvai a)v tt pore pop dvreXeye Tol"i 'VwfiaioL^e? Tr]V tov iroXepbov Sairdvrjv KOL ^(copiwv, Bovvai ra B aKoaia, re eaeveyKelv rdXavra o/j,r)pd
*'
"

01 ovBeva "f)V(Tlv, ak\a averpe^^rav,

twv

"v6v"^ air e')($po)V

e?
avroixi

apx^^

iroWoyv

apiaprovTcov,

kol d^ioXoydirara

tov

vlov

avTov

Ai^/jL-^Tpi

fiexpi'Be ravO' rj crvyKXrjT0"i eTTLKvpuyaei, rerpafji^ vov"; dvo^a'^ yevkaOai^ Be irdvTa tov ^iXi-rrTroVy 3. Ae^afievov T7]v fiev elprjvrjvrj ^ovXy fiadoraa eTrefcvpcocre, Td"i Be ^Xajjuvivov (TjXLKpvvaaa kuI irpoTdaeLf; ra^

'KXXrjvLBe^; VTTO

(fyavXiaaaa,eKeXevcre

ra?

TroXei?

oaaL

^aav

Kal ra? yelv irpb ireiTe KarapLia";kol "%ei, %ct)/3fc"? cTKacfiMP e^rjpovi ^Xafxivivw, Kal dpyvirapaBovvid rw i^pdKToyv, 'Pco/j.aLoi"; TrevTaKoaia eaeveyKelv piov rdXavra Be/ca, e/cdcrTOV Be erecn TrerraKocria fiev avTLKa Vaypuriv dvacpepovTa, diroTO fi"po"i eVof? e? Bovvai Be KOI alxf^dXcora Kal avTo/jioXa avrcov
22

(PiXiTTTTM, Trd(Ta"i eXev9epa"i elvai, dir avT03v (PlXlttttov i^aya"^povpa"; 'laO/xLcov, vav"i 6aa"^ iirtovT^'^v tcov re

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

but the destruction of Philip's empire will benefit ";^or the Greeks." either the Romans 2. Flamininus replied that Alexander was ant ignorof the character of the Romans, who had never but had spared at once, yet destroyed an enemy the Carthaginians, recent' y many offenders, as restoring their property to them and making allies " had done You those them of who wrong. also," he said, "are ignorant of the fact that there are many barbarous tribes on the border of Macedonia, if who would make easy incursions into Greece the Macedonian kings were taken away. Wherefore, I think that the Macedonian government sliould be left to protect you against the barbarians, but Philip must retire from those Greek places that he has hitherto refused to give up, and must pay the Romans 200 talents for the expenses of the war, and give hostages of the most noble families,including his own Demetrius. Until the Senate ratifies son, these conditions there shall be an armistice of four

months." 3. Philip accepted all these conditions, and the 196 Senate, when it learned of the peace, ratified it, but considering that the terms demanded by Flamininus were poor and inadequate it decreed that all the Greek cities that had been under PhiHp's rule should be free,and that he should withdraw his garrisons from them before the next celebration of the Isthmian games ; that he should deliver to Flamininus all his ships, except one with six benches of oars and five small vessels with decks ; that he should pay the Romans 500 talents of silver down, and remit to Rome in ten years, in annual instalments ; 500 more and that he should surrender all prisoners and de22,

APPIAN'S

ROMAN
fiev

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

ocra

e-^^oi. rdBe ^lXltttto^

(T/jLCKpoXoyia

rj

/3ov\r] TrpocreOrjKe, Ka\

co

ehe^aro aTravra'
^Xa/itvLvov

kol

/xaXtcrra

7;

Kara(j)avr}";

iyevero.

avfilBovXov^
eVl
avTov

TOi?

S' eTrefJLTTOv avT(p, KaOdnrep elcodeaav BeKa av8pa";,fieO^ oiv Xip/ovaL iroXe/jLotf;,

KaOiaraaOat. eBei rd elXr/fi/ieva 4. Kal rdhe fikv Bi"tl6"to avv eKeivoL^,avTOf; ^[aO/jLL(ov dyojva eTreXOcov, ttXtjOv8' "9 TOP Twi^ icrrjiJLTjvev Tov re viro ovro^ arahiov, aLU)7n]V dvenrelv eKekevcrev' KijpvKa aaXinyyi, naX rov 6 'Fcofialcov/cat rj avyK\riTO"^ kol "6 Srj/jLO'i ^\a/jLivLvo"i 6 lS/LaKe86va"i kol arpartp/o'^,

^acnXea
rr}V

^lXlttttov

eKiroXeixi^aavre'^,

d"^Ld(TL

'KXXdha

lHot"; d(f)opoX6yr}TOv dcf)povp'r]Tov

Kol "t^Oeai ^or]"; Kal

vopiOi^ ')(^pr]cr0aL" 7roXXi]"; S' eVl rovrcp

rjv, 'y^apd"^yevo/nevrj^; 66pv/3o(;^]8i,aT0"i
kol KtjpvKa

krepcov /leO' krepov^ rov dveiirelv fieraKaXovvrcov.

raivia^

irapd
re

acpdf;
kol

are^dvov";
kol

eire^aXXovtc5

arparriyCp,
e?
to

dvhpuivra^
puerd
o'l

Kara i-yjryjcpL^ovTO TroXet?. ^(^pvaMV are^dvwv eirepLTrov

re 7rpicT/3eL";

X^pi^v copioXoyovv,

Kal e? rov"; crvpu/ndvou? dv6ypd(f)ovro. Kal Sevrepo^ oSe iroXepLO^ VcopLaioL"; re ereXevra. Kal ^lXltttto) e? rovro 5. Ov Be varepov TToXv avvefidy'qcre Kal 'Pcoyuatot? o ^iXiiriro^; 'EXXdSt Kar Kvev
rio-)(ov
e?

^amrooXioVt 'Pcofiaicov

rfj ^a(TLXeoi"i, irepoivrd'^ re

^Kaiav
hid

r7]V

iirl K.vrio')(ov SpdK7]"; Kal Ma/ceSow'a?

evpLaprj irapeirepurev oBbv ovK olK6iOL";reXeai Kal rpo"f)aL";, oSottolmv Kal irorapiov'; Bvairo^evyvv"iKal tol/? eTTiKeLpLevov^ SpaKa"} pov";
24

MACEDONIAN
serters in his

AFFAIRS

^.c. hands. These conditions were added Philip accepted by the Senate and them al], how strongly than anything wliich proved more They sent to the inadequate Flamininus' terms were. latter as counsellors ten men was (as customary at the with whose aid he should regulate the end of a

war)^

acquisitions. 4. \\ hen he had arranged these things with them he himself went to the Isthmian games, and, the silence stadium being full of people, he commanded by trumpet this and directed the herald to make '^ The Roman people and Senate, and proclamation : Flamininus, their general, having vanquished the Macedonians and Philip, their king, leave Greece free from foreign garrisons and not to tribute, subject her own upon Thereto live under customs and laws."
great sliouting and rejoicing and a here and scene of rapturous tumult ; and groups there called the herald back in order that he might They threw wreaths and repeat his words for them. fillets upon the general and voted statues for him in their cities. They sent ambassadors with golden to express their tude, to the Capitol at Rome crowns gratiRoman inscribed as the themselves alliesof and Such was tween the end of the second war bepeople. the Romans and Philip. 5. Not long afterwards Philip even lent aid in 190 Greece to the Romans in their war against King Antiochus,and as they were moving against Antiochus in Asia, passing through Thrace and Macedonia by a difficult troops, road, he escorted them with his own
was

new

there

su{)plied them with food and money, re})aired the roads, bridged the unfordable streams, and dispersed the hostile Thracians, until he had conducted them

25
VOL.

II.

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
'

BOOK

IX

BiafCOTTToyv, e")?

iirl tov

EjWi'-jcnrovTov r^yayev.
v'lov

iff)* oh
Trapa

rj fi"V

^ov\r} tov

avTcp

ArjfirJTpLo

twv ofiypevovra aireXvcre, koI acpLcrcv o)v ere XPVI^^'^^^ a'"f)riK6v wc^eikev ol he "paK"";

OiSe i7raviovTa";, oufcerL

Xeiav

'FcofMaLov^

airo

Tt]";

iir* W^vrLox^p vi'^rj^,

irapovro^y
rrjv
re

^cXiTnrou
ttoWou?
avrov^;

kol d(f)"L\ovro

Bie^deipav, o5

koI

IxaXiara

eTreSeixOr)ocrov Se

dvL6vTa";wvrjaev
kut

6. 'E/creXeo-^eyro?
TToXeflOV

rod

*Avti6xov

tov ^ikilTTrOV, TO, TToWol KaTtjyopOVV Be ov TCL fiev dSLK"LV avTov, TTOLelv MP topicre ^Xa^LVLVo";, ore BierWero rrjv 'EXXdBa. kol Ar]/jL)jTpL0"; "9 dvriXoyiav virep avrov, eTTpecr/Sevev 'Fco/j,aLOL"; diro rrj"; Kexapio-fievofi fiev eiciraXaL 6fiy]p6ia"^, ^XaixLVLvov Be avrov yvcoplrfj/SovXfj l(JXvp(o";. OopVfSovkol ^ovro^ vecorepov S' ovra

fievov

e/ce\evaav
ev

ra

rov

Trarpo?
eKaarov,

dvayvoivai,
yeyovevai, a/j,eva'
kol

oh
rovro

rjv ecf)'

vrropLvy^ixar rd jxev ijBr]

rd Be
yap

copiKaiirep dSl/cco^i yevi^crecrOaL,

irpoaeKeiro
avrov

^ovX)]rr)v

vTToyvov

e?
re

avyyiyvoacTKeiv alBoviievrj, Bia At] fjL7]rpi.ov.6 S'

e?
rov

iroXXoh. rj Be Wvrloxov irpoOvixiav Kal TrpoaeTrelire ecfirj,

avroh

OfMoXoyovjievco^

yey

ovco";,

re xPV^^I^'^'^CLr6"; ^Kvriox^ av Kal /SXa/Sepcoraro^ el (paveU

^Ki'TLoxoy

iroXejiov

rrapatcaXovvrL

iroXXd a-vveirpa^e,

dinar ovpievov rwBe, Kal opcov avrov povfJLSVOV Kal crvyyvcop.r)"; dvrl x^^'pircov d^iov/nevov,
26

eX-TrtVa? eVt Kal Karrfyo-

MACEDONIAN
to the Hellespont.

AFFAIRS

In return for these favours the b^J Demetrius, who had been Senate released his son hostage^ and the a as held by them remitted But these of money still due from him. payments they were Thracians fell upon the Romans when Antioehus, when returning from their victory over longer with them, carried off their no Philip was by which it was booty and killed many plainly Philip had rendered them shown how great a service
"

advancing. when they were 6. The war with Aiitiochus being ended, many of the is8 Greeks charged Philip with doing or omitting various things in disregard of the orders given by Flamininus these of Greece. To answer when he settled the affairs in his to Rome charges Demetrius went as an envoy being well pleased with father's behalf, the Romans he had been a hostage, and him aforetime, when him to the Flamininus strongly recommending Senate. As he was rather young and somewhat flustered, they directed him to read his father's in which it was severally entered that memorandum certain things had already been done, and that others contrary should be done, although decided upon was for to justice this observation ; appended to many Senate, having of the clauses. Nevertheless, the Antiochus, said regard to his late zeal in the matter of that it would pardon him, and added that it did so on edly account of Demeti'ius. But Philip,having been confessAntiochus, in war the with most useful to them damage when he might have done them the greatest if he had co-operated with Antiochus, as the latter on this account asked him to, expecting much seeing himself discredited and accused, and and now considered worthy of pardon rather than of gratitude,

27

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

Sia At]fnjrpcov, rjxOero fcalyyavaKTet, KoX rrjcrBe Blkt) tlvI /cal eTreKpvirrev aji^w. co? he koI iv
VcojjLaiOi TToWa
rwv

^ikiiTTrov

TTyoo?

JLvfievq
e?

aaOevo'TTOiovvTe'i ael fji6T"(f)"pov, Xavddvayv TToXe/xov rjhr]

tov

'^IXiTnTOV,
id. ib.

rjTOtfiu^ero.

fiT) Suid.

'O Be "l"tXt7r7ro9 tou? 'VcDfMaiot"; \eyotev

V.

eTrtTrXeovra?
ra

iva SLe(f)Oeip"v,

MaKeBovoov

eKrerpvaOai.

TerpvaOai.
XI

1. "On

"VcofiatoL

Tax^(o"i

av^avopevov

tov

Ylepcrea
7] Tcov

avTov"; koI p^aXiara rjpeOi^ev vcpecopcovro' 'EjWtjvcov kuI yeiTViaac^;, ol? ^xOo^ e? (piXla

*Pa)ficdov^ eireiTOLqicecrav
u)?

ol

'PcopiaLcov a-rpaTrjyoL^aarepva^i

uireaTaXol e? ol irpea^eL^ p,evoi TTjv ^laKeBovlav ec^aaKov IBelv aa^ako)^ iKavt^v fcal veorrjra oi^vpwpevrjv Kal 'irapaaK6V)]v yeyv pvaafievrjp, 'Vcofxalou^Kal rdBe Bierdpacra'ev. Kol

Be

S' Tlepcrev'i erepovs eirep^TreirpeajBei'i alcr06pevo"; o iv Be tovtw 6 "k\v(ov. koI FiVfiew]"; rrjp vTTovoLav

tt}?Trepl TO
7r/3o?

^Kala^;^aaiKev^,aTro Tr]"; Hepaea ^lXittttov ex^pct^ BeBLOD"; rjKev e?

Ylepyapov

'Pcop.rjv,
e?
TO

Kal KaTTjyopeL

avTOV, (f)av"p(o";

7rape\6o)v

'Pw/zatoi? Bva iievr}"^ oti fiov\evT7]piov, yevoiTo decy Kal TOV e? avTov"; eyovTa dBe\(pov oLKelco'i
28

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

b."_-. this merely on account of Demetrius, was and even indignant and angry, but concealed his feelings. VVlien afterwards, in a certain arbitration before the Romans, they transferred much of his territory him, he to Eumenes, seeking all the time to weaken at last began secretly preparing for war

X.
Philip

From

Suidas

utterly destroyed all forces that sailed should say that the against him, lest the Romans Macedonian power had been crushed.

XI. 1. The
Romans

From
were

"The

Embassies"

suspicious of Perseus (the on son account of Philip) of his rapidly growing especially disturbed by his power, and they were to the Greeks and his friendshi]) for men nearness

the Roman generals had filled with hatred of whom Roman Afterward the ambassadors, the people. sent to the Bastarnae, reported that they who were had observed that Macedonia was strongly fortified material, and that its young and had abundant war turbed men were well drilled; and these things also disWhen Perseus perceived this the Romans. he sent other ambassadors to allay the suspicion. king of that part of Asia 172 At this time also Eumenes, lying about Pergamus, fearing Perseus on account of former enmity to Philip, came his own to Rome and accused him publicly before the Senate, saying that he had always been hostile to the Romans ; that he had killed his brother for being friendly to them ; 29

APPIAN'S
aveXoLy
avroiv

ROMAN

HISTORY,
re

BOOK

IX
/car

Ka\ ^LXiTnTM
(Tvvayayovri

irapaaKevi^v

roarju^e
kol

koX ^aac\"v"; crvfirrpd^eLe,

avrr}"i aWa

ovBkv yev6/jL6vo(;

eKkvaeiev

irpoa-

e^epydaairoerepa, koX rrjv Oepanrevoi, Bv^avrioi"; re kuI

BofWTot?

'KKkd^a

d/ji"rpco";

AtVwXo??

koI

SpaKyjv kol avfjifia^7](Ta'i, koI fieya op/xrjrijpLov, koX Serra\ov"; V/JLd"i. 2. " Kat

KaraKr"ro,

Ueppai^ov^

BiaaraaLacreLe /BovXofjLevov^ re irpo^ irpea^evcrai

rMv

kol avfivperepcov,^^ ^"pV" (jilXcov

"

rrjv dp-)(^r]v, fid-)(wv ^A^povTToXiv jiev dcfijjprjrat ^Apderavpov S' ip ^lWvpLOL"i Buvdarrjv kol eKreivev

rov"^ iiTi^ovXevcra^, koI epyaaa/ievov^ vrroSiSe/crai.^^ kul Bte^aWe 5' avrov rd^ eTnyafiia^i d/KJico ^acTi\tKd"i yevo/x6ia";, kol rd"; vvix"^aya3yia

6\w

Tft)

'Vohioyvarokw
rrjv

8* erroiei kol

"yK\7j/u,a 7rapa7r6/i(pd"iaa"i. eirLfiekeiav avrov kuI to VY](^d\Lov

rrj(;

6vro"^ovrco 8iaLrrj";, veov, Kal on rrpo-^itoWojv dyairwro iv Kal erraLvolro. ^'qkov o^ico^; oXlyw re Kal Seou? jxaXkov t) iyKXrjfidroiv Kal (f)96vov diToXiTrdiVy e/ceXeue r't]v(TvyKXrjrov ovBkv 6 ^v/bbivii'^
veov v(f)opda6ai,

evBoKifiovvra e'xPpov

Kal yeiro-

vevovra.

3. 'H 8' cpyui fiev ovK

fcal

Kal i^LXoirovov

e?

^aacXea (T(o(f)pov d^iovcra rroXXov"^ (^iXdvOpwirov,

ovra irarpiKov S' a e^Opov, iv iTXevpal"^ ex^iv, Xoycp a(f)L(Tiv TroXepbelv cKpive alrccopLevr], irpovreivev 6 ^vixevi-j^ iv en Yiepcret. kol rovr ru)

uOp6(o";ovrco(;

eiraipopLevov Kal

"

aiT6ppr)rov
re

a(j)LaLv

avroL"i

TTOLOviievoi,

KprraXov

irapa irepLcjiOevra

30

MACEDONIAN
that

AFFAIRS

aided Philip in collecting his great B;C. which, when armament against them, an armament king, he actually increased instead of he became diminishing ; that he was conciliating the Greeks in every possible way and furnishing military aid to the Byzantines, the Aetolians, and the Boeotians ; that he had possessed himself of the great stronghold of Thrace and had stirred up dissensions among the Thessalians and the Perrhaebi when they wanted to send an embassy to Rome. 2. " And of your two friends and allies," he said, " he drove Abrupolis out of his kingdom and conspired kill lllyrian Arthetaurus, to the chief, and Eumenes also shelter to his murderers." gave foreign his him on account marriages, of slandered both of which were with royal families,and for his bridal processions escorted by the whole fleet of into an He Rhodes. even the accusation made he shewed industry and sobriety of hfe which he
had

early age, and the widespread popularity he had attained. quickly which praise and Of the things that could excite their jealousy, direct more strongly than envy, and fear even accusations, Eumenes omitted nothing, and he urged the Senate to beware of a youthful enemy so highly esteemed and so near to them. Senate, in reality because they did not 3. The ious, choose to have on their flank a sober-minded, laborto and benevolent king, an hereditary enemy so themselves, attaining eminence suddenly, but allegations, ostensibly on the ground of Eumenes' decided to make war against Perseus. This intention theaiselves, and they at present kept secret among had been sent by Perseus Harpalus, who when
at such
an

31

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

JX

koX 'Vohiwv nva avTiKoyiav Kv/jl"Vov";, Kv/jievr] l3ov\oiievov^e? o^lnvtov Trpea/Sevjrjv, SieXeyx^'-^' '^CLp6vT0(; fxev en rod EtfyueVou? ov 7rpocrt]/cavTO, /jLeraardvro"; Be iSe^avro./cat ol
riepcrew?
e?

ixev iirl rwhe Trpwrov

ayavaKrovvre";

re

koI irap-

irXeov irdXefielv ^ovXo/jLevov"; 'X^pcofievoL prjcria ?)8?; 'Pa)fiaLov"; Hepaet koX 'PoSiOi?p^aXkov e^riypiwaav he Bl alria^ YiVixevrj top /BovXevTMv ttoWol rSyv Kol Seov^ airiov el^op vTTo (f)06iou roaovSe TroXepou yevopevov. kuI 'FoSloc t)]V Oecoplau avrov, 'HXlov TrepuTropLovov ^acnXewv, e? rrjv eoprrjv rou

iSe^avTo. pevt)v ovK 4. Auto? S' e? rrjv W^alav

avSp6"; VTTO Koi dXXa"i
TO

eTravioiv

eK

]s.ippa"; e?
Tecraapa

Ovcrcov, koI AeX(j)Ov"; ave^aive

TEiXiov
nva^

avrcp

Be

vTToardvre'; eTre^ovXevov. 'Vcopaloc e? rov alTla"^ ol

KeKptpevov
tou?

Uepaeco"; iroXepov

0)9

ovirco

irpoaeXapukol

(Savov, Kol
Evpev)]

irpea^et^e?
^

Koi
koi

KvTioyov

koI

\\.piapdOy]P

^acnXea";, cfilXov^
Macr-

aavdaarjv
eirepirov,

koX o kol irpoaayayeaOar pev pidXiaTa TOv";"EXXr}va"; erdparTev, t)Bopevov"^ Yiepael TW ovn, dvayKa^opepov; 3'
evLOv";

aaXiav koX vr}(TOv"^, 6aa"; BvvaiVTO

YiToXepalov AlyvTrrov, Trepitov erepov^ B" e? rrjv 'KXXdBa /cal Sea"Hweipop ^AfcapvavLav, kol e? Ta?

'P06e? alaOopievo^ kol p^riv, aTTopcop re irvvOavopepo^ ri rradopre^i (ivyKeLpepwv koI Trpea/Sei^Kar eKXrjOovraL roip Beop, el avrov TrepiTrepLTTOvaip opro^ Kai ri (plXov, Xoyrp Biafcpidrjvai. ol S' eveicdXovv p"p(j)0Prai,
32

'Vwpuiioi^ e? ywp^^'^' crvp^daei"; 5. *D.v 6 JJ"paev"; eTTepurev

(ptXeXXrjpi

MACEDONIAN
to
answer

AFFAIRS
b.c.

and all those sent by the representatives, alone among kings to their festival of the Sun. Eumenes was 4. When returning to Asia he went and there four up from Cirrha to Delphi to sacrifice, hiding behind a wall, made an attempt men, upon besides this were his life. Other causes advanced for a war by the Romans against Perseus, as though were it had not yet been decreed, and ambassadors Antiochus, to the allied kings, Eumenes, sent Ariarathes, Masinissa, and Ptolemy of Egypt, also to Greece, Thessaly, Epirus, Acarnania, and to such of the islands as they could draw to their side. This because they specially troubled the Greeks, some fond of Perseus as a Philhellene, and some were because they were compelled to enter into agreement with the Romans. Perseus learned these facts he sent other m 5. When who said that the king was ambassadors to Rome, for what reason they surprised and wished to know had forgotten the agreement and sent around legates offended at against himself, their ally. If they were first. to discuss the matter anything, they ought The Senate then accused him of the things that 33

and a certain charge of Eumenes, desired to refute Rhodians, of the ambassador face to face, they were Eumenes not admitted while departure his but were he was they after stillthere, for the first time, lost patience, received. Tiiey now, freedom of speech, still more and using too much already meditating exasperated the Romans, who were Many Rhodians. the war and against Perseus for causing Eumenes blamed however, senators, on so great a war account private grudges of his own fears, and the Rhodians refused to receive his the

^^^

APPIAN'S
oaa

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX
on

\Lvfievri"^ eliroi Koi

KaraKTwro,

nrdOoi, fcal fidXicrra

Spafcrjv

'Trapa(TKevr]Vovk
"

ey^OL kcli icaX arpaTidp r]peiirjaovTO"^dvSp6"i. 6 S' avOi^i

i^ to eirepLirev erepov^, o'l

eXeyov

d'ira')(9evTe"; ^ov\evTr)pLOV
m

tol'^ jiev e? ttoXc^ov, cjSe' Trpo^dcreco^; 'Pco/matoi,Beofievoi^Uava Travra e? rr]V

at iroXvv earlv. el 6' al^elaOe (TwO^fca^ avTMV \6yov eyeiv, rl 7Ta96vTe";viro

atpeade
T0v"i

7rp6"^aaLv d^Lovvre^;
lle/jcrea)?
ej(eL koi

iroXefiov;
ov

ov

yap

ore ravra

arpaTidv

7rapaa/c"V7]V.

yap

ey^u

KaO' v/imv. ovSe

dXXov(; KSKTrjaOai ^aaiXea";KfoXvere' ovS' dpyofiivov^;koI rd e? tol*? e')(eLv cIBlkoud(j^aXo)"^ Trpo? he irepioLKa, Ka\ el Ti?

eiri^ovXevoi. e^codev

oj dvhpe^ 'Pw/jialot, v/jLck;, virep

iirpeaelprjvr)^ rijf;

fSevae /calto.? (Tvvd)]Ka"i evay'XP'^ dveKaivLaev. 6. 'AA,X' ^A^povTToXLV dpxv^-

Bpa/xovra ye
avro"=;

Tot?

eVttt}? e^e/SaXe d/jLV]"6/jLevo";. kuI tout' ))ixeTepoL^

Kal rd'i Gvv9r)Ka^ eBijkwae Y[epcrei)";, dvevecoaaade, ovirw Bia^dXXovTO"; avT(p fierd tovto Ev/j.evov"i. TO fX"V St] Kal irpeaTrepl^A^poviroXiv rcov /SvrepGV eart avvOrj/cwp,Kal irap vjjllv, ore
vfuv

AoXo^p^c yap avveTiOeade, BiKaiov e"^dvrj. eVelSia"; dp-)(fj(;, arpdreva-ev ovat Kal Beivov el tmv t/"}? S' 6fu,co"i SlBcocrt eavTOv Xoyiaphv vpuv 6(^Xrjaei. re Trepl TToXXov 7roioufi"i"o"^v/jLd"; /calBo^avdyaQiqv. B' ol AoXovre? olBe rov eKTeivav rjyovixevov avrwv
Ilep(Tev";ri alKiadfievoL,Kal ^^jrel
aare

tou?

uttt^/cool'?

roiavra

7rpd^avra";.

dv vjuLel"; eBpddXX"

34

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

had told them, and also of what Eumenes b.c. Eumenes had suffered, and especially of takhig possession material, of Thrace and collecting an army and war for did desire a in a manner not shew peace. which brought he sent were Again who ambassadors " To into the senate-chamber, and spoke as follows : for war, O Romans, those who are seeking an excuse for a pretext, but if you have anything will serve you who profess so much regard respect for treaties for them what have you suffered at the hands of Perseus that you should bring war against him ? It be because he has an army and war material. cannot do you He does not hold them against you, nor is it prohibit other kings from having them, nor wrong that he should take precautions against those under his rule, and against his neighbours, and have designs against him. foreigners who might But to you, Romans, he sent ambassadors to confirm
"
"

the peace and only recently renewed the treaty. 6. " But, you say, he drove Abrupolis out of his kingdom. Yes, in self-defence, for he had invaded our territory. This fact Perseus himself explained
the treaty with renewed The him, as P],umenes had not yet slandered him. affairof Abrupolis antedates the treaty and seemed to you just, when you ratified it. You say that he his own made war on the Dolopians, but they were It is hard if he is to be obliged to give an subjects. He to you of what he does with his own. account gives it nevertheless, being moved by his high regard These Dolopians for you and for his own reputation. put their governor to death with torture, and Perseus have done to any of your asks what you would But who had been guilty of such a crime.
to you, and afterward

you

subjects

35

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
ev

BOOK

IX

'ApOSravpov

Tive";

ave\ovTe"^
iravrcov

MaKcBovia

BU-

rpi^ov.

KOCVM

ye

auOpcoircov v6/xw, KaOa

erepcoOev "j"evyovra"=; vTroSey^ecrde. KoX VfieZ^ Tou? Be on i^eKrjpveyKXrjjua iroielaOe, fjiaOoov Kol rovff' ^PXV^ oX,?^?. ^evavTOv"; rrj'^ Be /calAtVcoXot? /cal Bo^coTOi? 7. hv^avTLOL"i
ov f^^^^

Kad' vjjLcovaXXa
ravra
ovK

KaO^

erepcov avvefiaxv^^^-

iraXaL

Ev/xevou(; SmySoXr}?, ^v fJiexpi' ^r}? e/xe/xcpecTde e? ovK eldaare tou? irpecrlBei^ o'-v/r 7)p,eT6pov"; ev avTOV rrjv ryjv eTTi/SovXyv eXey^ai. a\Xa VLepael, AeX^ot? avTw yevo/xevyjv irpoa-ypu^eTe Be /Bap^dpoyv /car ttgctcov TToawv 'KXXrjvwv, EuyLteVou? Trpea^evadvTcov 7rpo9 t'/^a? ol? Traaiv

e/ji7]vuop,kol v/jllv7)/j,eTepoL TTyoecrySei?

e)(6p6"^ eaTL
ev

tolovto^
rL"i
av

wv.

^Kpevfiov
ore

Be

top

^pevreaio)
ovra

TTiarevaeiev

ITe/?creu?,

'Vwixdlov

xal
rrjv

eirl e}!Xr]"pev dvaXoiaai

Tou?

vpuerepov kol "^i\ov irpo^evov, ""? ^ovXtj^; tt}? (jyapp-aKeiav,

rrjv

crvyKXyjTOV

Bl* avrov

e^wv rot's e-y^evaaro iirnpilBovcnve? tov uyua? TroXe/nov Tipo^aa-iv 8' Fj-ufxevr]^ BlBov";, vtt re kol evay^/^fiova eyddpa^; 8eou? ovBe ravr /cat oiKvrjaev eyKoKeaai (f)Oovov
dvaipov/ievov";; dXX^ ^Rpevvio"^ fiev
Weptjely
on

viroXoLTrov^i

evixevearepov^

Bvvduevo^, rj Bta toj)?

7roXXoL"=; edveau

koI KexctptcriJL6vo"i

kol koI rpvc^?]^ aa"(f"p6i^(0"^fxeOrji; (piXeXXrjv,

dvn

ap')(eL.

KOL

ravO^ vfiel^ avrov

rrjv

Xeyovro"^

vrrecrrrjre

aKpodcraaOat. 8. ToLydproL
vp,oiv
o)?
ov

(pLXorrovov;
36

eKeivov Bta/SoXTjv av^ereKaO^ BiKaiov^ kol Koi aco"ppova"i (pepovre"; 8' ^Kpevviov jiev TTe/?crei)? y"Lrora";.

MACEDONIAN the slayers of Arthetaurus law Yes, by the common

AFFAIRS lived
on

in Macedonia

! B.a

the same of mankind, to fugitives under which you yourselves give asylum Perseus learned But when from other countries. that you considered this a crime he forbade them his kingdom entirely. " 7. He gave aid to the Byzantines, the Aetolians, but against and the Boeotians, not against you, advised ambassadors others. Of these things our until Eumenes you long ago, and you did not object did not uttered his slander against us, which you in his presence. allow our ambassadors to answer Perseus of the plot against him at But you accuse Greeks, how many barbarians, How Delphi. many have sent ambassadors to you to complain against because he is so an to all of whom Eumenes, enemy

! As for Erennius of Brundusium, who Roman a Perseus would choose would believe that citizen, your hospitable friend, to administer poison to the Senate, as though he could destroy the Senate by means of them of him, or by destroying some favourable to himself? the others more render Erennius has lied to those who are inciting you to a furnishing them war, plausible pretext. with hatred, by Eumenes, envy, and fear, does not moved it a crime on the part of even scruple to make Perseus that he is liked by so many nations, that he is a Philhellene, and that he leads the life of a temperate ruler, instead of being a drunkard and a profligate. And you endure to listen to such stuff
base
a man

from

his lips !

8. "Therefore the reproaches which you level greater measure against him will recoil in an even lieads, since you will be seen own not to on vour

37

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

Kol fcalF^vfievT],
Trap* vfxlv
e?

"l

Ti?

dWo";

iOeXoc, TrpoKaXetTai
[le^yav rod 7rarpo";

kol i^eraaiv
""

KplaLVy vfid^ 8' dva/xifirov

e? vr)(TKeL fJLevtt}?

K-VTioypv

kavTOv irpoOvfiLa^ kol

^0J]$"La";, ^9 i7riyLyvo/jLev7j"
Be irapekOova^i'^ iiTL-

Ka\co"; yaddvecrOe, ala^pov

Be XaOeadai, 7rpo(^epeL 7rarpu"a"; re Koi avvOrJKa"; IBla^i irpo^ avTov vfilv y6vo/jLeva";. Kal enl TOLcrBe 6eov"; oD? oy/jLoaare ovK oKvel Kal irapaKoXelv v/j,d";, alSelaOai, Kal fir) TroXefiov Kardp^^eLV aS/Arco?e? /jOjS^"yK\r}/ia iroielaOai yeLTvlaatv Kal (f)L\ov"i, ov d^LOv,co? yap Kal TrapacTKevrjv, (TMCppoavvTjv Vlv/jL"vov"i, Kal vfiMV aTrreaOai cf)06vov rj (f)6/3ov Be TO evavTiov yeiTovwv earl aa)(j)pov, (fytlBeaOai ev einpieKoiv, irapeKal ""? Eu/^eV"7? (fiTjalv, "jKeva"7pjkv(")vr 9. Ot jxev Br) roiavra elirov,oi Be '7rpea/3eL"; d7roKpivdp.epoL tov to iroX.ep.ov e? ovBev auTOi? tou? eKeXeve eKvpovv. Kal 6 v7raT0"; cf^avepbv eK Be eK TroXeo)? avTr]"i i)iiepa";, /xev t/}? 7rp6(Tl3ei"; rr}"^ ^IraXia^i rpidKOvra aXXai^i rd Be e^Levai. ^lafceBovcoj^ avrd Kal rot? eTriBrj/jLOvaL eKyjpvrrev. 66pv/3o"i avTLKa to (BovXevr^jpiov Kal fierd eirir]V, ev 6\iyaL"^wpats; eXavvof-ievcov ToawvBe (bOovo'^ /3yoa;^et ojJLOv, Kal ovBe viro^vyia evpelv ev ovrco BiaaTTjfjiaTL, Bvvafievcov. viro ovBe irdvra c^epcLV Be 01 fiev ovk a7rovBT]"; e^Oavov eirltol/? araO/iov^, 01 Be aXV ev fieaai^ dveiravovro ral'^ 6Bol"^, irapd eavTov"^ Tal"^ irvXaL"^ liera rraiBcov eppiiTTOvv Kal eiKOf; ev fierd yvvaiKwv. Trdvra re eyiyvero oaa yap Kal ToicoBe KyjpvyfiaTr aL(pviBi(p al^viBiov Bid Ta? en U. p. 364. avrol^ icfyalveTO

rrpea/BeuK;.

3^

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS
c.

tolerate temperate, honest, and industrious neigh- b Perseus challenges Erennius and Eumenes hours. else to scrutiny and trial before you. and anyhody He reminds you of his father's zeal and assistance to You realized it Great. you against Antiochus the be base to forget it very well at the time ; it would now that it is past. Further, he invokes the treaties that you made with his father and with himself, does not hesitate to exhort 3^ou also to fear the gods by war and not to bring an you swore, whom

unjust

against your alliesand not to make

nearness,

of complaint. ind preparation causes be stirred by envy or worthy of you to On the contrary, it will be the part of Eumenes. diligent wisdom for you to spare neighbours who are says, well prepared." and, as Eumenes had thus spoken the 9. When the ambassadors but made a public answer, Senate gave them no

sobriety, It is not fear like

declaration of war, the the consul ordered and day and to depart from Rome the same ambassadors same from Italy within thirty days. The orders Macedonian to were residents. all proclaimed followed this Consternation mingled anger with action of the Senate, because, on a few hours' notice, so many compelled to depart together, people were not even able to find animals in so short a who were
yet to carry all their goods themselves. in their haste, could not reach a lodgingSome, place, but passed the night in the middle of the roads. Others threw themselves on the ground at thing the city gates with their wives and children. Everylikely to follow such an happened that was to them decree, for it was unexpected unexpected
time,
nor on

account

of tlie pending

negotiation.

39

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX

XII

"Or*

fJLera rrjv vlktjv

6 IIep(Tev";, 6lt
t^v

eTTLyeXcov

KpdaaM
oTTco?
"Tt

Kol

avrov, etr rcoOd^cov e%oi, etre (f)povi]/xaTO"; kol

aTroTretpco/u-eyo?

'Vwjxaiwv

SvvafjLiV re
r(i)

irapaaKev-qv

el'O' eripo) v(f)opco/iievoi;,

Xoyiafjiw,

avrw TrpocreTre/jiTrev

KOI

TToWd
ov

Sdoaeiv v7rto-)(i'eLT0 mv

irepXSiaWajcov, 6 Trarrjp """tXt7ri^ttottto? "^v Uepcrel fiev

fidWov crvve-)(^u"peL' c5 kol iiriyeXMv fcal Treipcofievo^;. 6 Se

TTo?

direicpivaro '"a"/xalwv d^ia^ ovk elvai Sia\vaei"; MaK"S6va"; /caleavrov kol avTW, iTriTpe-^ei el /iir] 'Fco/jLalot 8' 'Fcofialotf;' alhovfievo"^ otl
eKKkrjcrLav Karrjp^av,

t")?tJttt;?

avvayayoov

Secra-aXoi^; jiev

ifMaprvprjaev
vo)v

dyaOol^; rreplrrjv avfxE\X?yerepcov yevo/xevoL'^, AltcoXcov Se kol (f)opdp

")?

dvSpdcnv

o)? irpcvrcdv Tpairevrcov. Kareyjrevo-aTO 369. id. TOVTov^ e? 'Pcofirjv eireix'^ev. p.

kol

XIII

irepl ctltorod Oepov; d/Kporepot Tlepaev^ Xoyiav jxev iv to2"; TrehioL'^ eyiyvovTO, dXcovevofievo^, 'VoypacoL 8e eV tw oTparoTreZM. V. dXwvev6pLevo";. Suid.
To

he XoiTTov

XIV

'^O? he TTpMTO^
cov

^iiPX^ '^^^ TTOVOV,

acopa
kol

e^r]K0VT0VT7]
id.
v.

KaX ^apix; to

7r"/xeXr;?.

TTipeXri'^. 4"

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

XII.

From

the

Same
b.c

After his victory Perseus,,either to make sport of to test his present or CrassuS;,and by way of joke, state of mind, or fearing the power and resources for some or sent other reason, of the Romans, to him to treat for peace, and promised messengers to make many concessions which his father, Phihp, he seemed to be had refused. In this promise But him and testing him. rather joking with Crassus replied that it would not be worthy of the to terms dignity of the Roman with people to come self him unless he should surrender Macedonia and himBeing ashamed that the Romans to them. were the first to retreat, Crassus called an assembly, in which he praised the Thessalians for their brave conduct in the catastrophe, and falsely accused the Aetolians and the other Greeks of being the firstto he sent to Rome. fly ; and these men

^^^

XIII.
Both
armies

From

Suidas

in the rest of the summer employed Perseus threshing in the fieldsand collecting corn, in their camp. the Romans

XIV,
was He(Q. Marcius)

From

the

Same

foremost in labour, although sixty years of age and heavy and corpulent.

41

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
X\

BOOK

IX

Tore

Se eOei
Kol
TO

rt?

B)]\o)acov rw Bp6/ji(p
aoifJLa
on

Uepael

\ovofi"V(p

avaXafjL/SdvovTi.6 Be
eaXcofcoc

i^ijXaTO rod
id. V. fjid')(7]";.

vBaTO"; ^oo)V

irpo

tt}?

b. dvaXafi^dveiP

XVI

''Ort riepcreu? dvaOappcov i'-jBt] Kar NiKLav T-i-jV koX ^AvhpovtKov,

oXljov
ol"?

/lera
rov

(pvyyjp,
veoiv KOL

eVl

KaTaTTOPTLCT/lOV
Tcov

KOl ^(prj/ldTCOV i7T67r6fi(hei,

TO,

TMV

TOV

" /uiTT pt]a

flOV

avTcp zeal ra? TrepiTToujcra'^

vav"i

diro rovBe ev6v"^ etc /JLeTa/SoXij kol e? eyevero, a)//-o?zeal eij')(epri"^ aVai'Ta? ovSev dXX' 6 7nOavcoTaro"; vyLe"; ovS" ev^ovXov ol eVt yp, e? Kal evroXeu/SovXiav kol XoylaaaOat, Se^io"; Be ocra ye fir) /jLOTaro'i e? /jLd^a";,

'^p7]/jLaTa, avvi"TTopa"^ rjyovfievo^; aTreKTeLvev koI eTepoc^i i^ayyeXelv, ala-)(pov(f)6/3ov

d6e[xi(7T(x""^, Kol

ddp6(t)"; direipiav, kol rore e? BeiXiav 7rapaX6y(o"; evfierdKal aXoyLariav irpdirero, koI ra)(V'^ kol dp)(^ojjLe0eTO(;d(f)pci) kol aKatb"i e? irdvTa eyevero,
1/779
avTov

a^dXXotro

TToXXou?

eari oirep tv^V^' IBelv, irpocnovorT]^ dXoywre/ieTa/3oXf]";

eTTLXeiTreLv

Tr)"^

pov^
V.

yLyvop.evov"i

eavrcov.

Val.

p. 561

Suid. (hinc

Uepaeu^

'MaKeBcov).
XVII

"On
Mapfac^
42

'PoBlol 7r/oecr/3ei? e?
TCOV

VldpKLOv

(TWT]B6/Jievoi
Tov";

yeyovoTwv

eTrefi-yjr 6 Be [Ylepa-et].
'PoStou? velaai

iBi'BaaKe 7rpea/3ei";

MACEDONIAN
XV.
From
the

AFFAIRS

Same

to Perseus, while he was bx. ran somebody ^'^ refreshing himself with a bath, and told him [that He sprang out of the was the enemy approaching]. water, exclaiming that he had been captured before the battle.

Then

XVI.
Perseus,

From

"

Virtues

and

Vices

"

now was upi who gradually plucking courage after his flight,wickedly put to death Nicias he had sent with orders to and Andronicus, whom into the sea and to burn his ships ; throw his money because after the ships and money had been saved he knew that they were witnesses of his disgraceful from that j)anic and might tell others of it. And time, by a sudden cruel and change, he became Nor did he show any reckless toward everybody. soundness or wisdom of judgmentthereafter, but he, who had before been most persuasive in counsel and in battle, shrewd in calculation and courageous except when he failed owing to inexperience, when fortune began to desert him became suddenly and

69

steady, unaccountably cowardly and imprudent, as well as unThus in things. all changeable and maladroit lose see we their usual discretion when many who
reverses
come.

XVII.
The

From

"The

Embassies"

Rhodians sent ambassadors to Marcius to congratulate him on the state of affairs in his war Marcius advised the ambassadors to with Perseus.
43

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
tov

IX

'VwiiaioL^ re
ov

t'? 7r"/JLylravra"i
kol

'Foo/jltjvhidXvcraL Ylepael.

iroXeixov

fcal 'PoSiot irvOofxevot

Tlepaeo)^ravra

/jbereTTtTrrov

co?

ov

ep^oz^ro?rov (f)avXo}"i
avev

yap

6 eavrov eTnaKrJTTTeiv. ac/)'

S' ere pa kol rdSe kol Sl* droXfiiav errparrev. 'I*6Slol fxev ovv TToWa eTrepurov e? 'Faypbrjv, Kal ")9 'JTpea^eL"^ Kal eripov^ U. 77/909 M.dpKiov. p. 369.

eUa^ov

'Vwfiaiwv

MdpfCLOv

XVIII 1. "Gt^

VevOio^

'iXXvpiMv ^aaL\ev";

evo^

e6vov";

TrpocroiKov
TpiaKO(Tioi"i

M.aKeS6cn,
raXdvroi^,

UepcreL
cov re

avjjbpLa'xoiy fVt

ecre/SaXev6? Tr)v vtto irepl tovtcov irpeajBei^

irevvav

Kal 7rpoeiX7]"p" 'VcofiaLOLf; ^IXXupiSa, Kal tt/jo? avrov eXOovra^ YVep-

Kal

YleriXiov

ovKeri alcr06/j.6vo"i ^V(DiiaiOL"^ irev ct)9 ^]^ri 7re7roXe/ii(o/jL"Kal Si aurov Se Vera"^ eTrefiTre tov"; virep "Icrrpov, Kal vov. 69 Kv/jL6Vov"; direTreipaaev eirl r) fieraOe-

eSijcrev. "v 6 Uepcrev"i eirepird Xoiird rcov 'X^prjfidrcov

'X^pi^pLaatv
tov

adai
ov

77^009

avTov,

rj

SiaXvaac
tov

TToXepiOV,
ixev

tj

dfi(f)OTepoL"i eKaTrjvaL
X^jao/jieva
TL

dyo)VO"i, ev

y) eXTri^wv Bia/SaXeLV tov rj ttj ire'ipa TTpa^eiv KvfjievTj.6 Be fxeTaOrjaeaOai pev oxjk e(\"r], rdXavTa 8' 8LaXvaeco(; ^^Xia Kal irevraT7}9piev rJTet Be r](TV)(ia"^ Koata, Kal 6 liepavTMV

Tavra

'Fco/xaiov^;,

elSux; 8'

T/}9

o-eL'9

^^Bi] VeTWV

')(^iXia.

avTw

irpocnevai

pivpiov"=; iTTTTea^i
44

Kal pivplov^

pLiaOoc^opov^ TrvOop.evo'^, 7re^ov";

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS

to ^.c persuade the Rhodians to send legates to Rome bring about peace between the Romans and Perseus. When tlie Rhodians heard these things they changed their minds, thinking that the affairs of Perseus were not in such a bad state, for they did not think that have Marcius would enjoinedthis without the But he did this and concurrence of the Romans. motion, by reason many other things on his own of The Rhodians amsent nevertheless cowardice. bassadors to Rome Marcius. to and others

XVIII.

From

Virtues

and

Vices

1. Genthius, king of a tribe of Illyriansbordering les Macedonia, having formed an alliancewith Perseus on in consideration of 300 talents, of which he had received a part down, made an attack upon Roman Illyria,and when the Romans sent Perpenna and Petilius as ambassadors to enquire about it, he put Perseus learned this he decided them in chains. When not to pay the rest of the money, thinking that Genthius had already, by his own self action, made himHe also sent legates an enemy of the Romans. to the Cjetae on the other side of the Danube, and he offered money to Rumenes if he would come over to his side, or negotiate for him a peace with Rome, or help neither party in the contest. He knew well that the Romans would hear of this and hoped either to achieve one of these things, or to cast suspicion by the very attempt. Eumenes on Eumenes refused to come to his side, and he demanded over 1500 talents for negotiating a peace, or 1000 for remaining Perseus, learning that 10,000 foot neutral. But now horse were to him as merand as many cenaries coming from the Getae, began forthwith to despise

45

APPIAN'S
avTLKa
Tov

ROMAN
KvfMevovf;

HIStORV,

BOOK

IX

ovK r)(jv')(ia^

Koi tt}?/xev KaT6(f"p6i'"(, BcocreivovBev {ai(i)(^vi"t]v yap ecjiTj

Be Sia\v(T6a)(; ra ov t?}? (jiepeiv u/i(j)OLv),

aW
ev

Trpohoxreip,

1.afjLo6paKr)KaTaOt'jaeLV yu-e^pt ykvoiTO ?; hiaXvari^;, tjSt]koI pLiKpo\6yo";viro evfieTa^oXo^ 6eo^\a(3eia"; e? TrdvTa y"v6/ievo";. ei^o? Be cov
Oyuw? rjXTTiaev
vrroTTTOv ovk

airkTvy^,

'Fcofiaioi^ Ku/xei^ou?

yevofievov.

2. Verwv

Be

tov

^'Jcrrpov irepaauvTcov,
kol ra

eBoKCt
rj/jLLO-ea
irevre-

KXoiXbrp

fjLevto)

rjye/iovc

BoOrjvai'^^lXlou'^ )(^puaov^
rjv oXljm

iinrel (TTarrjpa^;,

S' eKciarw BeKa,

/calrovro Tre^ft)TLva^

cTVfxiTav

irXeov

/j,ev KaiBeKa fivptdScov ')(^pv(jlov,6 Be ')(\aiJivBa"i

eTDjjeTO
TOt?

kuI

koi ')(^pv(Ta y\re\ia

tVTrou?

e?

Bcopeav

r)yovfiei"oL"i, Kal aTarrjpa^

(^epofievov

/xereTre/iTrero KXolXiov. ixvpiov^, Kal 7r\'}]aidaa"; 6 Be Tov"; e\66vTa"=;, to i^pero, 'X^pvaiov, el

(pepovcn

Kal fjuaOcov
eKeXevaev. eXavvovTO'^

ovk

exoi"Ta";

dvaarpe"peiv eV
TrdXiv 7rv66jii"uo";,
tcov

avrov avrov

mv

6 TLepaevf;

6eov, Karr^yopei
fir) dappelv

Tercov

ev

ruli;

Kal Bicr[ivpLov'^ a vrcov to e? vrreKpLvero S' arparoireBov VTroBe^aaOat, /jl6Xi"; "cf)7] fjbvpiov^, BvvaaOai. wv Kal vecDTepL^ovTOv Kparrjo-ai 3. Tavra Be toU ^tXoi?elrrcov erepa to?? TeTai"i eirXdrrero, Kal
to

eK uTTiaTov, co? jjLeTa^oX')]"^ (fiiXoL^ cpvaeajf;

Bcocreiv. to yiyvofievov ')(^pv(Tiov VTTLa)(yovfjLevo"i dv(o/jLaXia"i ToaavTTi^ eyejie,

TOiV

to Tr]"^ aTpaTid"; jJTet, i^fiicrv

6 Be e? OdXaaaav /jbeOei/jbevcov. TTpb /Spax^o^i K.XolXio"; tov"; d^LKO/nevov^ IBcovijpeTO fiera ^oi]^

xprjixdrcov cppovTu^cov

46

MACEDONIAN
Eumenes,

AFFAIRS

and said that he would pay nothing for his b c. ^^^ neutrality, for that would be a disgrace to both of them, but for negotiating a peace he would not fail in Samothrace to pay, and would deposit the money until the treaty was concluded, so fickle and mean in his infatuation. had he become in all matters Nevertheless, one of the things that he hoped fell under suspicion at for took place ; Eumenes Rome. 2. When the Getae had crossed the Danube, they claimed that there should be given to Cloelius, their leader, 1000 gold staters and also ten to each horseman and five to each foot soldier, the whole to a littleover 150,000 pieces of gold. amounting Perseus sent messengers bearing military to them cloaks, gold necklaces, and horses for the officers, he was not far from their and 10,000 staters. When he sent for Cloelius. The latter asked the camp messengers whether they had brought the gold, and he learned that they had not, he ordered when When Perseus learned them to go back to Perseus. this, he was again persecuted by Heaven, and capriciously complained among his friends of the faithless nature of the Getae, and pretended to be afraid in his camp. He said to receive 20,000 of them that he could with difficulty receive 10,000 of them, he could subdue ifthey should rebel, whom 3. Wliile saying these things to his friends, he told other lies to the Getae and asked for half of their force, promising to give them gold that w^as inconsistent he, and so so was coming in to him that he had ordered to be anxious about the money thrown into the sea a littlewhile before. Cloelius, seeing the messengers returning, asked in a loud
"

47

APPIAN'S
TO

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

IX
Ti

KOI l3ov\OfX"VOV"^ ')(pV(TLOVKeKOfjLLKacn, XeycLv eKeXeve irpoirov elTrelv irepl rod ;T^/)L'crtof. 0)9 8' efiaOev ovk avaG-xpixevo'^ avrwv exovra^;, ovk

el

ovK

cLKOvaai,

rrjv crrpaTiav

airriyev

oTriaw.

koI

d(f)rip7]T0 koI r^jaSe cru^t^a;)^ta9, ttoWt}? S' vtto re /caipov eXOovarj^. fcalKara cK^pocrvvq^; "eo"^IXa ev iroXvv fc'%""^' koX arparov ')(eLixd^(t3V 'Vwfjiaioi^ "Xopr]y"L eirhpex^v, ?) aaXiav fiev ovk Se r7]u 'Icoviav eVe/iTre KcoXvecv rrjv "9 Tpo(j)d"i, Val. p. dyopdv rrjv iiceWev avroU (p6po/jLevr]j;.
Ylepa6v"^
562.

XIX

ToarjorheyevofJievM to recrol kul Bat/ioviov i(f)06vij(Te tt}? euTf^/a?.

"Ort IlavX(p

eV

evTuxica

adpcdv
avTOiv

OecTLV aXXoL"; Se v6Q)T"pov"; ^KLTTicova, TOL'9

69

iraitwv

ovrcov

tou'^

fiev

irpea^vrepov^
Se [xera

re iSeScoKeiyMd^ip^ov koX

rov dfjL(f)0) auve^rj,

fxev irpo TpLMV

Trevre,

rjfiepMV
kol
rw

rov tovt

OpidpL^ovrov

diroOavelv.

YiavXo"i KareXoyicraro
T0t9

o ovS6vo"; rjTTOV 6vto"; B^jfio). e9ov"^ yap

rd Treirpay/xeva, i/c i"; fiev KepKvpav rr}V dyopdv elirev irapeXOoov i"; he Kepgk 'BpevTecTLOV SiaTrXevaaL jxid'^r)/Mepa";, Ovaai rw Trevre jxev e'9 ^eXcpov^; ohevaai koI
(TTparriyol^i KaraXeyetv
Kvpa";

Be dXXai."; "9 "ecraaXiav irapayeveaOaL diro Se ravrijs Kol arparov, irapaXafBelvrov dXXai^ eXelvHepaea koX MaKehova'^ irevreicaiheKa dTrdvrcov eTrLTVxd"v Se 6fe")9 ovtco
6eu", irevre

irapaXa/Secv.
helaai
eiravLovTL. rt /irj
"

tm

arparCp

avfiTrecrou irpo'^ vfid^

SLaaco6evTO"i Be rod

arparov

irepl

48

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS
b.c.

voice whether they had brought the gold, and wlien they wanted to talk about something else he ordered he learned to speak of the gold first. When them home that they had not got it, he led his army

without waiting to hear another word from them. Thus Perseus deprived himself of these allies also, who had numerous were opportune and arrived at an He was so foolish,also,that while wintering moment. with a large army at Phila he made no incursion into Thessaly, which furnished supplies to the Romans, but sent a force to Ionia to prevent the bringing of supplies to them from that quarter.
XIX.

From

the

Same
of Pauluo of fortune.
two

Heaven

was

jealous of
reached
sons,

the prosperity
a

he had when Of his four

elder, for families, into Maximus and Scipio, other adoption died, one the two younger ones of them three days before his triumph and the other five days after it.
as anything alluded to this as much he came When to the address to the people. to give an account of his doings, according '' custom of generals, he said, I sailed from

such while he

pinnacle gave the

Paulus

in his

forum
to

the Brunon

dusium

to Corcyra

in

one

day.

Five days

was

the road from Corcyra to Delphi, where I sacrificed In five days more I arrived in Thessaly to the god. Fifteen days later of the army. and took command All I overthrew Perseus and conquered Macedonia. so these strokes of good fortune coming rapidly led to fear the approach me of some calamity to the When the army was made safe, army on my return. 49

APPiANS

ROMAN

HISTORY,
*'

BOOK

IX

iSe8oLK"tv,'^ yap 6 Sai/JLcov. (j)6ov"po^ ecf)!]' KaKov, rov 69 i/x" Se koI dOpoco^ a'7T0(7Kr]y^avT0"; i/iavTO) fiev fiOL TOii" Svo TTaiScovaTToOavovTCdv, eiT elfit/3apvav/ji(f)opcoTaro";, eVt Se iifuv d/jLepi/jLvo";. iirl irdcnv, ravT elircov,koX KaTa6av[jia^6[xevo"i Be gttI ro2"; T6KP0i"i, fxer ov ttoXvv olKTi.^6/jL"vo"i ^povov d-freOai'ep. id. p. 565.
v[ioyv

50

MACEDONIAN

AFFAIRS
b.c.

I feared for you on account of of the enviousness in falls me, the fate. Now tliat the calamity upon I am loss of my two sons, the most sudden for myself, but free from anxiety unfortunate of men Having to you," thus, Paulus became as spoken the object of universal admiration on account on liis account exploits, and of commiseration children ; and he died not long after. of all of his

^'^^

51

BOOK
THE

X
WARS

ILLYRIAN

K'

lAATPIKH
I
CAP.

"E\X7)V"^ rjyovi^raL tou^; virep re Spafcrjv airo ^aovwv Mafcedoviav kol koI Secriarl TrpcoTMV iirl Trorafjiov "Icrrpov. koI tovt
1. ^IWvpiov^

S' e/c M.aK"B6vcL"v re Kal Spa/ccbu TMV opelcoviirl Uaiova^; /cal rov "AXirecov. ^lovLov Kal ra irpoirohatwv /cal eari Be firjKO'^ to Tcevre, TO fiev "vpo";r)fjLepMv TpidicovTa, ''EWrjcnv 'Fcofialoyv Be etpt^Tat. KaOa Kal rots'

T"}?'X(opa";TO

/AT/ATO?, eupo?

eaTcv fieTpifcFaixevcov virep k^aKLa^CX.')((jL)pav t,ov"; aTuBiovq to tov^ /jlP]ko";, Kal to ttXcito? dp.(pl Kal BiaKoaiov;. '^iXlov"; Be t"]v piev X'^P^^ eTrcovvfiov^iWvpiov 2. (Pacrl Tov I]o\v(f)}]/.iou yap tw yeveaOai' Ilo\v(f)7]/xfp KvkXcottc Kal TaXaTela \\e\Tov Kal ^WXvpiQv Kal VaXav SiKeXia'^, TralBa'; 6vTa"; e^oppirjaai Kal ^iXXvpicov Bl KeXrwi' Twv dp^at avToi)^ Kal Kal FaXaTcbv Xeyopievcov. Kal ToBe jjlol /laXLo-Ta, ttoXXc^p, dpeaKei. TToXXd pLvOevovTcov eTepa ^YxXvpup Be iralBa"^ 'Ey;\;eXe"xKal KvTapika Kal AdpBavov Kal MalBov Kal TavXavTa Kal 6vyaiepa"^ TiapOcb Ueppai^ov yepeaOai, Kal Ka)

Tr]V

54

BOOK
THE

X
WARS

ILLYRIAN
I

call those people lllyrianswho chap. occupy the region beyond Macedonia and Thrace from Chaonia and Thesprotia to the river Danube, of the ^"^"^ This is the length of the country,while itsbreadth is

1. The

Greeks

from Macedonia and the mountains of Thrace to Pannonia and the Adriatic and the foot-hills of the Alps. Its breadth is five days' journey and its length thirty so the Greek writers say. The Romans measured the country and found its length
"

to be

upwards of 6000 stades and its width about

1200. 2. They say that the country received its name from Illyrius,the son of Polyphemus ; for the Cyclops Polyphemus and his wife, Galatea, had three sons, Celtus, Illyrius, and Galas, all of whom the peoples migrated from Sicily,and ruled over called after them Celts, lllyrians and Galatians. Among the many many myths prev^ailingamong to me seems the most plausible. peoples this had six sons, Encheleus, Autarieus, Dardanus, Illyrius Maedus, Taulas, and Perrhaebus, also daughters,
55

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROxMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

AanpOo)

Kol
re

Aaaaapco

fcal ere^a?, odev

elal

koX Ueppai^ol kol KaX AvTapieL"; kol AdpSavoi koI UapOrjvol Kal AaaaaprjTiOi AvrapieL Se avrw Kal Aupacoi.
liavvoviov Tjyovvrac
KOL TO,

TavXdvTLoi

'E7;^eA,ee9

nralSa 77 Ylaiova 'yeveadai, ^KophicTKOV UalovL Kal TpijSaWov, wv 6/jLOlo)(

edvT] irapoovvfjiaeivat. Kal rdSe fiev tol"s 'iWi;dp'XCLLoXo'yovcn, iiedelaOw, 3. fyevr) 8' eartv Kal irepicovufia en vvv, ^(aipav vefio/xeva 'jroWrjv, ^KopBlcrKcov Kal dX\i]\ov"; TroXefjuo) Tpij3aWci)v, ot e? togovtov
ft)9 Tpi^aWcov et ri SL"(f)$6ipav vTroXoLirov ^v e"? Fera? virep "Yarpov Kal 76^09 aK^daav (pvyelv, ^iXiTTTTOV re real^AXe^dvhpov vvv eprjfiov /J'^xpt'

pLO)v,o)? iv

y^^capa, iroWd. ToafjSe

Be elvat, %kopSl(tkov"; Kal dvcovvfiov rol"^ '^fl^^ daOeveaTdroVs dirorovBe yevo/JLevov;VTro'Vcofiaicoi'

vcrrepov
avTov

ofioia

iraOelv Kal

"9

ra?

vr]aov";

rov

TTOTa/jLov

crvv yjpovw (fyvyelv,

Be Tiva"s

eirav-

eXOtiv Kal YiaLovcov ea'xaTLal^iirapoiKrjcraL' oOev iv Tlaioaiv. rw ^KopBiaKwv yevo^ ecFTi KOL vvv

3' avT(p rpoTTO) Kal ^ApBialot rd OaXdcraia 6vre"i dpidTOL 7r/309 Avrapiecov dplarcov ovtwv rd Kara
yrjv, TToXXd
KOL

vavrLKol fiev iirl rol^ \\pBLaLOL"^iyevovro ^loiiov Ai^vpvoi, yevo^ erepov 'iXXvpLcov, ot rov re Kal Kal Ta9 vi'](Tov";eXrjarevov vavcrlv odKeiai^ 'P(o/j.aloL Kal o^ea odev ere vvv rd K0V(pa Kov"j)ai(;, BiKpora At^vpvlBa^ Trpoaayopevovcriv.
56

avr o/uco^ ^Xd-^avre"^ etpOdprjaav .{)";,

IHE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

Partho, Daorthoj Dassaro, and others, from whom chap. ^ sprang the Tauhintii, tlie Perrhaebi, the Enchelces, the Autarienses, the Dardani, the Partheni, the Dassaretii, and the Darsii. Autarieus had a son Paeon, and the latter had sons, Pannonius, or Scordiscus and Triballus,from whom also nations bearing similar names derived. But I will were leave these matters to the archaeologists. 3. The Illyriantribes are many, as is natural in so
now are country ; and celebrated even the names of the Scordisci and the Triballi,who inhabited a wide region and destroyed each other by to such a degree that the remnant wars of the Triballi took refuge with the Getae on the other side of the Danube, and, though flourishinguntil the time of Philip and Alexander, is now extinct and its in the regions once inhabited name scarcely known Scordisci, having been by it. The reduced to in the same extreme weakness way, and having at a later period in war suffered much with the Romans, took refuge in the islands of the same river. In the course of time some of them returned and settled on the confines of Pannonia, and thus it happens that a tribe of the Scordisci still remains in Pannonia. In like manner the Ardiaei, who were distinguished for their maritime finally power, were destroyed by the Autarienses, whose land forces were they had often defeated. stronger, but whom The Liburni, another Illyriantribe, were next to the Ardiaei as a nautical people. These practised piracy in the Adriatic Sea and islands, with their light,fastthe circumstance sailing pinnaces, from which Romans light, swift to this day call their own " Liburnians." biremes

extensive

57

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

4. AvTapL"a"; Be \o)vo"; "9 e(T)(arov

TrepieXOelv. MoXttrTo/xw \""yofjL6voi"i koL KeXroZ? rol^ Ki/jL^poL"; 'yap avTov^ eTTi AeX^oO? /xev avavarparevcraLy kuI (f)Oaprjvai
kukov
Ti/ca

'AttoX6k 6eo[3\a^eia"i (paalv

Tov";

7r\"ova";

avrcov

OveXXr)^ koi Se Tot" iTTLyeveaOai aireipov ^arpdviroarpe^lraaLV BiaaairevTe^ to, vdfiara BieOL -^wv Tr\r)9o"^, dr/JLCOV droTrcov yevofievcov Kal "K Trj"^ 7/}? (f)6"Lpav. ^IWvpCCOV AvTapLCcov Xo/yLtO? ^P KOL
Kal crc^iaL

vercov irpo eTTL-)(eipriae(o";, e/jLTrecrovrcov, irpTjarTJpcov

(f)06po"i

rd OLKela, Kal fidXcara, /J'ixP^ (j)"vyovTe"^

XoLfiov
a

rov

fievov Bid

8eo? virepriXOovohov rjjiepwv eiKOdL Kal Tpioiv, Kal rrjv Teroyv eKwhi-]Kal ^acTTepvMV eOvo'^,coKrjaav. doLKrjTov, irapd to KeXroi? Be 6 6eo^ rrjv yr]V eaeicre Kal ra? TroXef? '^^f' ovk eXrjye, /Jt'ixP^ KarrjveyKe' Kal rb KaKov e? ^l\\vpiov"; otBe rd OLKela (hevyovTe"; ive^aXov d(j9evel"i vtto rov TOv"; avvaixapTovra^ a(f"lat,v, re Xoifiov yevofievov^, Kal iBrjcoadv Kal rd eKeivwv,
Tovro to

L ovSevo^ aurovf; (filer TTepL"^epovTe"i,

Sexo-

Tov

XoL/xov jxeraaxovre^

iXerjXdrouv. 'Vco/jLaloi., SeSiore?utto

Kal fiexpi^ ecpvyou 5' avroh e? rrjv eTriarpecpovaL

tmv jJLvrjpLy)"i

UvpTjvr]^
eco,

irpoireiroXepiri^JraXiav KeXrwv, KOTCov /jlt] Kal o7Be e? rijv G^Lcn dirrjvrwv d/xa tol"; virep "A^Trei? icr/3dXoiev, Kal Travcnpand BlcoXXvpto. Kal to 7rd0o"; virdroi^; 'Fcofiaicov rovro e? oXrjv rrjv fieya Beo";KeXrMV

^IraXiav eve^aXe,fxexpi Vdiov MdpLov eXofievoi aTparrjyeLV, dpri AijSvcovTot? a4)6)vol 'Fco/J^aloL NofidcTL Kal yiavpovcTLOi^ eyKparo)^ ireiroXeixrjKora, aVTMV eviKcov }S.LJJL/3pOV"i TOV? Kal TToXvv (f)6vov
l^eXroiVXeyovri elpydaavTO iroXXaKL'^,w? fioiirepl
58

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS
chap. ^

4. The Autnrienses are said to have hecn overtaken by the vengeance of Apollo. Having with destruction MoHstomus and the Celtic people calledCimbri joined in an expedition against the temple of Delphi, the

ofApTuo'

greaterpart of them were destroyed at once by storm, hm-ricane, and hghtning before the sacrilegewas attempted. Upon those who returned home there a came countless number of frogs,whose bodies decayed and polluted the streams, and noxious vapours rising from the ground caused a plague fatalto the which was especially among the lllyrians Autarienses. At last they fled from their homes, for fear carrying the plague with them (and and still they came, after a of it nobody would receive them), of twenty-three days, to a marshy and journey of the Getae, where they settled uninhabited district near the Bastarnae. The Celts the god visited with an their cities, and did earthquake and overthrew fled from not abate the calamity until these also their abodes and made an incursion into Illyria who had been weakened among their fellow-culprits, by the plague. While robbing the lllyriansthey and reached caught the plague and again took to flight But when the Pyrenees, plundering as they went. they were returning to the east the Romans, mindful and fearful of theirformer encounters with the Celts, lestthese too should cross the Alps and invade Italy, sent against them both consuls, who were annihilatedb.c. io5 with the whole army. This calamity to the Romans brought great dread of the Celts upon all Italyuntil First conGaius Marius, who had latelytriumphed over the Numidians and Mauretanians, was chosen commander and defeated the Cimbri repeatedly with great slaughter,as I have related in my Celtic history.

"f ^'il]a

59

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

ijSr]yevo/jtevoL Kal e? to 7779 airoKXeLOfievoi Slclto 7rdaT)"; aa6eve"i, iroWa OLKela eiravrfkOov /cat Bpdaapre^ koI ira-

re eiprjrai, ol he a(j6evel"^

06vT6"i.
5. ToiovTov fi"V BrjreXo?

^iXkvpiot^ re iiredriKev KeXrot?* ov kol firjv direaxovTO dXX' avOi^, d}ia roh lepoavXia^;, r?)? KeXrot?, ^iWvpcMV ol %KopSL(rKot fidXicrTa Kal Mat8ot Kal AdpSavoL rrjv MaKeSovlav eirehpajJLov kol ofJLOvKOL rr)V 'EWdSa, lepwp ttoWo. t(ov Kal iavXrjcraVi TO AeXcpLKou ttoXA-ou? dirajSaXovre'^ S' e^ovre^ 'IjSt] hevrepov ofjLco^; Kal t6t6. 'Vwixaloi,

6 ^eo? t% da-e/ScLa^

eVo? aTTo rr}? Trpcorrj^ eV KeXrou? ireipa^y Kal i^eKeivoviroXefiovvre^ avTot^ Biao-rrj/jidTcov, iTncrrpaTevovat rol^ 'iWvpLol^ CK Acvklov Xkitjj lepoavkia r)'yovfjLevov eVl rfiSe 'EWrjvoyv rcov re '7rvo)vo";, ijSr) Kal MaKeBopcov

Kal

rptaKoarov

7rpoaTaTovvre";.
Ol)

KaC

tov? "f"aat,

fiev irepi'^ciipov^

TOt? eKovra^i i"poavXoi"i, aXV crvfjLfia-)(^fj(Tat iyKaraXLTrelv rw ^KLTTicovi d^or]OT]rov";, fivrjjjLT]

Tcbv 5i' Auraptea?

ireaovTwv

7rdvTa"; ^lWvpLov"i avfjuhe ^KophiaKOV^ fxev Sia^KLiridiva

e?

Kal el tl "p6elpai,

Xoiirov

avrcov

rjv, e?

rov^lcrrpov

Kal (f)vy6vTa" MatSoi? he Kal Aaphavevat avvOeaOau hwpohoKrjlepov y^pvalov. KaC ri"; aavra tov tmv "(j)7j IraXiKcov hid tovto o)? fidXtara avyypac^eoiv *Fco/jLaLOL^ AevKiov TrXeoz^o)? fMerd rd i/jL^vXia
/J-expi' Kal irepl fMev tcov fxovapxCa";' 'IXXvpLOiv elvaiTol"{"\^XX'r)(TLv roaavrd vofXLt^Ojxevwv /lot '7TpoXeXe)(d(o,
60
rjK/xaae

rod TTora/xov fieToiKrjaai Td"ivf']crov";

THE
Being
reason

ILLYRIAN
to extreme

WARS
chap.

reduced

excluded from home, having inflicted and suffered many injuries. 5. Such was the punishment which the god visited upon the Illyrians and the Celts for their impiety. But they did not desist from temple-robbing, for with the Celts, certain Illyrian again, in
the Maedi, and tribes, especially the Scordisci,

weakness, and for that every land, they returned

conjunction

the

Dardani, again invaded Macedonia and Greece simultaneously, and plundered many temples, including this time that of Delphi, but with loss of many men also. The Romans, thirty-two years after their first encounter with the Celts,having fought with them
at intervals since that time,

ship under the leaderof Lucius Scipio,made war against the Illyrians, in on account of this temple-robbery, being now It is said that possession of Greece and Macedon.
now,

the calamity the neighbouring tribes,remembering on account of the crime that befell all the Illyrians not give aid to the of the Autarienses, would temple-robbers, but deliberatelyabandoned them to destroyed the greater part of the Scipio, who Scordisci, the remainder fleeing to the Danube and He made peace settling in the islands of that river. from them with the Maedi and Dardani, accepting to the temple. as a bribe part of the gold belonging the One of the Roman writers says that this was wars civil of the Romans chief cause of the numerous s time tillthe establishment of after Lucius Scipio' So much by way of preface concerning the empire. the peoples whom the Greeks called Illyrians.
6i

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

rovahe koI Halova^ iir fcal NcopCKOV'^ koL Mi/ctol'? KvpcoTrrj, ev kol 6/iopa tovtol^ oaa Tou? iv ciWa Se^ia rou^larpov KarairXeovrL (pKyrat, Siaipovat
tol"; ^^EWrjaiv fiev o/jiOLCo";

6. 'PcoyuatotBe kol avTOL"; Koi 'Pairov^

KoKovai

irdvTa";

kol 'EWyjvcov, ifcaarovf; Be TOL"; ISlol"; ovo/iaat, /coLvfj 'IWvpiSa

airo

rjyovvraty oOev fiev

ovk B6^7]"^, TrjaSerrj'^ kol Koi vvv, oirov avrfi

ea^ov
to

e'vpelv, xp^ipievoih"
rcov

ap^dpievoi

'FcofiaLoi,

idvwv, "larpov fiexpi' OLTTO avicT'^ovTO^ t?}? IIovTtKr]^; OdXucrar]'^, ev eKiMiaOovcnkoi ^WXvpiKov reXo? vcf)^ Se avTOv"; ottco? Trpoaayopevovaiv. virrfyd'yovTO
reXo^; rwvBe
jxev a)/JLo\6yrjaa
koI

Xeycov ireplKprjTY)"; dp')(^d"; rcov re ovx "vp6iv Ta? dKpL^el"^ iroX^p.cov hwapLevov^;ri tou? Kol 7rpo(f)da"i";, Kal e? tovto 6' avT6"i eyvwv, TrXeov etiTelvTrape/cdXovv oaa

dvaypdylrco.
II
CAP,
Tov

7, ^Aypcov

^iXXvpioiV p,epov"; Tjv ^acn\ev";

dfi(f)

OaXdaai]^ tov ^loviov,ov Brj koi KoXiTOV rij"; 'HTretpou Ilvppo"^6 T7]"i KaTel-)(e ySacr/Xeu? Kal ol rd Wvppov ^'Aypwv 8' epuraXiv re BiaSe^dpLevoi, Tfj"; 'HTrelpov nvd Kal KopKvpav eV avTol"i Kal 'Kttlhapivov Kal ^dpov "l)(^"i'. KaraXa^covepixppovpa S' dXXou lopiov, avrov "7n7rXeovTo"; vijao^, Kal tov "laaa, 'Vcopbaiovi f) ovopLa eirl KaTecpvyev. ol Be
^'Aypcovo"i e?
"TL
TMV

"^aa-ioi'^ TOi? Ta elaopLevovf; "7rpeal3eL"i avverrepL-\lrav,

avT0v";

Be 7rpea/3ecnv toI"; ^iXXvpiKolXepbjSoi e7rava~x6evTe'^ TrpoaTrXiovaiv KXeepuropw, toju Be piev ^laaicov

iyKXyp-ara.

irpea^evTrjV

62

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

6. These peoples, and also the Pannonians, the chap. ' Rhaetians, the Noricans, the Mysians of Europe, and the other neighbouring tribes who inhabited the Romans distinguish right bank of the Danube, the as from one another just the various Greek peoples are distinguishedfrom each other,and they calleach but they consider the whole name, by its own designation. as embraced under a common of lllyria Whence this idea took its start I have not been able to find out, but it continues to this day, for they farm the tax of all the nations from the source of the Danube to the Euxine Sea under one head, and call How it the Illyriantax. the Romans subjugated the causes them, and what exactly were and pretext of the wars, I acknowledged, when w ritingof Crete, that I had not discovered,and I exhorted those who I shallwrite down to do so. were able to tellmore, only what I myself learnt.

II
king of that part of lllyriawhich chap. 7. Agron was borders the Adriatic Sea, over which sea Pyrrhus, ^^ held sway. Agron ^"^' ^^" king of Epirus, and his successors in turn captured a part of Epirus and also Corcyra, ^aJ j.^ Epidamnus, and Pharus in succession,and established When he threatened the rest garrisons in them. of the Adriatic with his fleet,the isle of Issa The latter sent implored the aid of the Romans. and to ascertain ambassadors to accompany the Issii The Illyrian what offences Agron imputed to them. lightvessels attacked the ambassadors as they sailed up, and slew Cleemporus, the envoy of Issa,and the 63
'

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY, avaipovaiv

BOOK

ol he XolttoI SieSpaaav avrov^. kul eVt rwSe 'Fco/xaicov eV ^\WvpLov"; 6/jlov kov vavalv Tre^w(Trparevovrwv, "Aypcov fjL"v em TraiStw a-puKpw, Ulvvtj ovofia, eTnTpoTrevetv rfjyvvacKl rrjv ap')(y]v (iTroOvrjcTKei, ra" ovk ovarj /irjrpl iraihlirapahov^, Kaiirep rod A7]fX7]TpLO(; 8' "AypwvL o ^cipov r)"yovfJLevo"; TraiSiov, Kop(^dpov Tc yap avrrj^; rjpy^e, fcal iirl rrjSe 'Vcofiaioa eTTLirXeovcnv irapehwKev a/Kpco Kvpa";) ^Kirihaixvov "K e? 7rpoBo"Tia";. ol 8' iirl ravrai^ ^IcrauoK; 'Ett^Kol T0t9 VTrrjydyovTO, koI (piXiav ^IWuptcov Ba/jLVLOL"i vtto "9 eTTlTToXLopKOVfievoif; Kovpiav enrXeov. ^iXXvptol fxev By Td";7roXLopKLa"; dvex(*"povv,Kai rive^ XvaavTe"; avroov e? 'Pa"/jLaiov"^, ol ^ArivTavol XeyofxevoL, fiereTLOevTO. jxerd 'Vayfirjv Be 77 "Aypcovo"; yvvt} ravTa e? 7rp"cr^"i"; diroBiBovra^; re avTOL"; rd alxp^dXcora fcal eTre/jLyjre dyovra^, TOi;? koI eBelro (Tvyyvco/jLr]"; auTO/ii6Xov(; dXX* eVi Ay pcovo"; ovk rvx^eiv rcov eauT?)? e'^' yevofievcov. ol Be direKpivavTo KopKvpav fiev kol ^YkXvpiwv ^dpov KOL "'lacravkol ^^irlBafivov kol
"

'FcofxalcDV KopoyKuviov

virriKoovi elvai, ijBtj Be dXXrjv dp')(r]v Ay Tlivvrjv rrjv pwvo"i e)(eivkol 'Pwyttatot?, re rcav rjv direx^l'^cii irpoXeelvai (plXov Xeyfxevwv, kol rrjv Alaaov /jlt] irapaTrXewcnv 'lX,\uBuolv irXeiove';, Be piKol Xefi^oL koX tovtolv dvoirXoiv. Bt) 8. 'H fjiev ravTa irdvTa eBe'^ero, Kal yiyvovrai 'V(o/JLaiOL"; irpwrai irpo'^; ^IXXvpiov"; acBe irelpaire 'VcofiatOL3' eV avral^ KopKvpav Kal (TVvOrJKat' /jL"vkoX ^AiroXXcovlav d(j"rjKav eXeuOepa'^,Ayprja /jllctOop Trporpiw 3' ecTTLV ^^^copla eBoaav
"

Tov";

^AriVTavov";

'Fcofiaicov

t?}?

64

THE
Roman

ILLYRIAN

WARS

Coruncanius ; the remainder escaped by chap. Hight. Thereupon invaded lllyriaby j, ^ oog the Romans had died, Agron^ in the meantime, land and sea. leaving
an

infant

son

named

Pinnes, having

given

the guardianship and regency to his wife, although Demetrius, who not the child's mother. she was Agron's governor of Pharus and held Corcyra was both places to the invading also, surrendered Romans by treachery. The latter then entered into
to the alliance with Epidainnus and went assistance of the Issii and of the Epidamnians, who besieged by the Illyrians. The latter raised were
an

the siege and fled,and one of their tribes, called the After these Atintani, went over to the Romans. the widow events of Agron sent ambassadors to
Rome
to surrender the prisoners and deserters into

b."j.

22a

their hands. She begged pardon also for what had been done, not by herself, but by Agron. They that Corcyra, Pharus, Issa, received for answer Epidamnus, and the lUyrian Atintani were already have Roman that Pinnes might the subjects, and be a friend of remainder of Agron's kingdom hands the Roman people if he would keep off
the aforesaidterritory, and agree not to sail beyond Lissus with more than two Illyrianpinnaces, both

She accepted all these conditions. unarmed. 8. This was the firstconflict and treaty between the the Romans and the Illyrians. Thereupon Corcyra and Romans Apollonia free. To made Demetrius they gave certain castles as a reward for his treason to his own people adding the express 65

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
on

HISTORY,

BOOK

eV rocrwhe BcBoacn, t7]v aiTiaTLav apa rov rj Sr]koI avBpo";ucpopcofievoi. 'Vcofiaicov avTOV fier oXiyov yap KeXrot? rjp^ev ^HpiSavov oven iirl rpiere^ toI"^ tov TroXe-

hoala^, eTreiTTovre^

afKpl

fiovvTwv,

AT]/A,7jrpco"; CO?
kol iXrj^ero,

OuXaaaav ^iWvpLcov
Tavov"i

e?

TOVTO

irpoaeXd/jL/Save,

iv aa')(okia ttjp "IcrTpof? e6vo"; erepov kol rov"; ^ArtvovTWV

'VcdpLalwv ol he, eTrel ra a(f)Larr]. KeXrayv SceTeOeiro, evOv"; pblv iiriirXevaavTe^ Be earpdrevov eirl alpovac Toy? X,??(JTa9,e? vecora Arj/jiijrpLov Koi ^lXkvpi(ov toj)? avvajjLapr6pTa"; A7]/jLt]Tpt,ov avTM. fiev Br) irpo'i ^iXlttttov top
CLTTO

Wa/ceBovcov ^acnXea

^\6vlov KTeivovai, koX rrjv KoX XT)(jTevovTa tov emKare^dpov avva/xapTOvaav irarpiBa avru) ^IXXvpicov 8' Bid ecj^eicravTO TLlvvtjv (TKaylrav, Bevrepai irelpai re koX avOi^; BerjOevra. kol
^lXXvpiov"; avTOL"; eyiyvovro. awdfj/cai TTpo? 9. Ta XoiTrd B^ ovn fioi irdvra -y^povcokoi Wvo^ ^iXXvpicov CKacrrov, rd^et/jLoXXov rj /card 6a a rjupov, a vyyey pair rai. 'Fco/j,aLOL MaKeBoaiP eiroXefiovv, kol Il"pcrev"^ rjv WaKeBovcov /3aarLX"v"; /nerd (PlXlttttov Ilepael r}Brj iirlXPV' Be Tevdco'i ^iXXvpiMV eripcov^aat-Xev";

kol avdL"^emovra (jyvyovra

'Fco/iaLcoi' 'lXXvpLOv"i k^clIe? tou? jiao-L avvefidx^i', 'Pco/JLalwv avrov TTyoo? ive/SaXe, koI 7rpea/3ei";
^

dXXd ov eX6GVTa"^ eBrjaev,alrLcofievof; irpea/SeL*; AvitcLO"^Be 'Pco/xalwp Karaa-KOTrovf; eXOelv. re rod TevOiov rivd^ elXev arpar-qyo^; Xefx/Sov^ eirLTTXeva-a^, fcal Kara avvevexOel"^ yrjv avro)
66

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

conditionthat they gave them only temporarily,for chap. ^^ they suspected the man's faithless spirit, which shortly For while b.c. 222 after orainedcomplete mastery over him. the Romans were engaged in a three year's war with Second the Gauls on the River Po, Demetrius, thinking that w^"'"' set forth on a piratical they had their hands full, expedition, brought the Istrians,another Illyrian tribe,into the enterprise,and detached the Atintani The Romans, when they had settled from Rome. their business with the Gauls, immediately sent a the pirates. The naval force and overpowered following year they marched against Demetrius and fellow-culprits. Demetrius fled to Philip his Illyrian he returned and but when king of Macedon, in the Adriatic they resumed his piratical career slew him and utterly demolished his native town of Pharus, which Avas associated with him in crime. however, on account of b.c. 220 They spared the Illyrians, Such Pinnes, who again besought them to do so. was the second conflictand treaty between them and the Illyrians. covered 9. All the remaining facts which I have disI have set down not in chronologicalorder, but rather taking each Illyrian nation separately. When the Romans were at war with the Mace- b.c. ifis donians during the reign of Perseus, the successor of ^^ ^"'3^ Philip, Genthius, the king of another Illyrian tribe, made an alliance with Perseus for money dors and put the ambassaand attacked Roman Illyria, in Romans by the sent chains,charging them as not ambassadors, but as spies. with coming The Roman general, Anicius, in a naval expedition, of Genthius' pinnaces and then captured some engaged him in battle on land, defeated him, and

67

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

e? ri ')(Ci}piov koI crvveKKeLaev eKpdrei rrjv ixd')(rjv, Beofjievo) 6 jiev ^AviKio"; i/ceXevae o0"V avTw ^VcdjJLaioi'^ kavrov iirirpeylraL, 6 6' e? ^ovXrjv yrrja-e he to)v TavTai"^ koI eXa/Sev. iv rpeh rj/jiepa^, ^Avlklov fierariOe/jLevoyv rov VTrrjKocov avrou 7Tpo";

iindappuvfov Trdvu alaxpco^' o Be avrov KareTrTrj-^OTa dvlcnr], koX fcaXeaa'^ irrrl ea-rlaaiv, diriovra aTrb rov heiirvov Tot? virrjpTrpoaeTa^e eTai"^ e? i/i^aXecv. koI rovSe /mev es (pvXaKrjv d/jLaTOL"i iraccrlv 6 ^Avlklo'^e? 'Vcojxrjv Opia/ii^ov aTra? ^ya"y", /cal 6 VevOLov TroXe/jioi; eXKoatv rjfie8* avrov paL"; eTTeTToXe/irjTO'e^BojxrjfcovTa iroXei'^ Al/ilXio";11a OX-o? 6 rov Uepcrea eXcov, ovaa"i t?}? 'Pco/jbrjv diroppr^rw, ev ^ovXi]"i e? eiTLaTeiXda7)"^ irapoohevev eTTLTTjBeii, koX BehioatvavTol"; vTrea^ero
avTov

ivrvx^lp rw rj^iwaev

'Aviklco, iSelro koI "yovv7reTr]^

rcbv yeyovoTcov, eav oaov e'^ovcriv "Tvjyv(0(Tea6ai dpyvpLov re koX 'X^pvaiov ecreveyKwaiv. virohe^8* rov a/mevcov cnpaeKeivwv avveirefJiTrev avTol"; rov ixepo"ie? ttoXlv e/cdaTrjv, opiaa^ r][iepav rot? nraau rr]v avrrjv, /cal arpar'^iyovai rov arparov ivreiXdfjL"vo"; dfia ew Krjpvcraeive/caarov iv eicdarr) TToXei rpccrlv wpat^ e? rhy dyopdv ra y^prj/iaT Be rd Xoiird Biapirdaai. (TvveveyKovTcov (jjepeiv, 10. OvTco fjiev 6 ITauXo? TToXet? e^Bofirj/covra BLrjpTracrev Be UaXdpioi, tapa p,ici' ApBeloi koX ^iXXvpiSiv, 'iXXu'Pw/^atou? vtto rrjv yevrj erepa irpecrol 'PcofialotBe da'x^oXiav plBa eBrjovv, /cal
''

pLeraavrol";, ov ySei? eTre/JL^jrav e7ri7rX7]^0PTa"i OefMevcov Be "K"lv(ov earpdrevov eir avrov"i /jLvpLOL";

68

THE

ILLY

R IAN

WARS

he begged a chaf. shut him up in a fortress. When himself to parley Anicius ordered him to surrender He asked and obtained three days for the Romans. consideration,at the end of which time, his subjects having meanwhile gone over to Anicius, he asked for his interview witli the latter, and, falling on an manner. knees, begged pardon in the most abject Anicius encouraged the trembling wretch, liftedhim going up, and invited him to supper, but as he was lictors to he feast from cast the ordered the away him led both him into prison. Anicius afterward and his sons in triumph at Rome and the whole war But with Genthius was finishedwithin twenty days. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Perseus, acting on secret orders from the Senate, speciallyvisited the
seventy towns which had belonged to Genthius, on his way back to Rome. They were much alarmed, but b c. 167 he promised to pardon them for what they had done if they would deliver to him all the gold and silver they had. Wlien they agreed to do so he sent a detachment of his army into each town appointing to act, day for all the commanding the same officers break them to make proclamation at dayand orderiniz: in each that the inhabitants should bring their hours, money into the market-place within three they had done so to plunder what remained. and when in Thus Paulus despoiled seventy towns hour. one two other Illyrian 10. The Ardei and the Palarii, Illyria,and the Roman tribes, made a raid on Romans, being otherwise occupied, sent ambassadors When to reprimand they refused to be them. obedient, the Romans collected an army of 10,000 foot and 600 horse to be despatched agamst them.

69

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROxMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Koi TTf^oi?
Kai

LTTiTeuaiv

en

ovre^i

/ji"Tayt,ypa)aK0VT6(; Ka\ Seo/ievoi. Kal r) /3ov\i]ra?

avTOLf; ^Xd/3a(;

Be TrvOofieuoi, ot k^aKOGLOL^. dwapdcrfcevoi, 7rpecr/3"i"i eTre/iyjra

i/ceXeucrev dirohovvai to?? rjhiKrjdiToBihbvTCdv h\ iaTpcnevev iir ovK. fievoL"^. ^ovXouio"; "t"XdKKO"i. Kal 6 iruXefJiO'^ dpa avTov"i
ov /jLovt]^:. yap 7]vpov p^expt KarahpnixYji; eXrj^e 'laTrocri Se avrov "vro"^ roL"; T"Xo"^

'

6 TovSirapb"; AXireayp eiroXepit^ae pev ^ep7rpd)Pto";

eTTLKXy-ivKal UavSovaa^

uKpc^e^.
vTraKovaai,

Ti/36pio"^ Kal
eoLKacri

eoLKaaiv

ot

JaTToSe? auTOi?

Se ^al 'Eeye-

dadioTepoi aravol AevKi^o Korra Kal MeTeWw, ov o TToKv varepov aTroo-Tijvai. 11. AaXpdraL Se, ^lX\vpicov erepov yivo"i, 'Pcopaioi,"; \XXvpiov"^ Tov^ KaTeOeov, koI

virb

d(f"LKopevov"i irepl rovSe '?wpai(ov irpeajSeL^

irpoalevro. o-rparevovaiv OtyXou paloi, MapKLov
6?
Tra

ov

ovv

eir

avrov^

ol
re

'Pw-

vTrarevovTo^; a-(pa)P

rov

TToXepov

rjyovp^evou.

ra? pa(7TpaT07T6Sevovro"; (f)uXaKd"; hpap^ovre^, e'/c tov avrov Kal arpaTOTreBov KaTij^dpcova Trora^'"^^ P'^XP'' irpavh, pa^av e? jreBlov CO? Be ol p,ev dvexcopovv, pov TjKev v7TO(f""vycov. avroL"; "PXV ^^ %e/yuw/'o? r}v, 6 "^LyXo^ eXiriaa'^ dBoKtJTco"; rjvpev eV eTTLiTeaeladai avveppvyjKora^ T(ov avrov. TToXecov 7rpo"; rrjv e^oBov Kal avvrj6p,a""; Xaaev e? rroXiv AeXplviov, 66ev apa Kal ro 6vop.a avrol'^ e? AeXparea"?, elra AaXp,dra"i erpdirt]. ovBev Be Trpo? exvpdv ttoXlv e^ e(f)6Bov Bvvdpevo"i,ovBe prjxavrjpaaiv e^wv ^yo^yo-^at Bia ro rjpei rd"; dXXa"; imdeoov, epr)p,orepa"i i;i/ro9,

Kal he dpTt rod ^lyXov ol iirlev'iKWv

70

THE When

ILLYRIAN

WARS

the Illyrianslearned this, as they were not chap. yet prepared for fighting,they sent ambassadors to crave pardon. The Senate ordered them to make As they had wronged. reparation to those whom they did not do so, Fulvius Flaccus marched against This war resulted in a raid only,for I cannot them. find any definite end to it. Sempronius Tiiditanusac. 129 and Tiberius Pandusa waged war with the lapydes, to side of the Alps, and seem who live on the nearer have them, as Lucius Cotta and Metellus b.c. 119 subjugated to have seem the Segestani; but both subjugated tribes revolted not long afterward. 11. The Dalmatians, another Illyrian tribe,made bc. i56 a the Illyrian subjects of Rome, and War with raid on sent to them to remonstrate when ambassadors were Romans accordingly mrtianJ they were not received. The sent an army against them, with Marcius Figulus as While Figulus was laying consul and commander. out his camp the Dalmatians overpowered the guard, defeated him, and drove him out of the camp in headlong flightto the plain as far as the river Naro. As the Dalmatians were winter returning home (for fa!l Figulus hoped to was now upon approaching), but he found them them unawares, reassembled his from their towns at the news approach. of into the city of Nevertheless, he drove them Delminium, from which place they first got the name afterward changed to of Delmatenses, which was Dalmatians. Not being able to make any impression to use nor on this strongly defended town by assault, the engines that he had, on account of the height of the place, he attacked and captured the other towns, of the partiallydeserted on account which were

71

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

avhpoiv vrrb Trj"; e? to AeX/j.LVLOv avvohov yevoKopvva"i 'jrlacrrj fxeva^. elra 8t7r?^;^ea9 /cal Beiw
Kat
(TTVTTTTiw

ireXrcov
ovTO,

eco? rv)(oi6v iveTTifxirpaoav, TToXkd jxev Kare^lyXo) tov rjv Tore koI re\o"^ dpa tovto Trpr'jaOr], 8' vaTepov Kai/ctXi09 AaX/jLaTMP TToXe/xov. ')(p6v(p MereXXo? viraTeucov ovSev dhiKovcn rot? AaX/xd-

icr(f)"vB6va. f)vfir]"; at 5' vtto t/J? e^eicaiottov Xa/xTrdde^; Kol (j)"p6fi"vaL KaOdiTep

69 TO iT"pi^a\cov

AeX/xLPiov

CK

Kara-

Tat9

Kol

Trap' avTol"^ iv
kol eiravrjXOe

6pLup.l3ov, iyjrricfiLaaTO rroXefielv eTriOu/jLLa hey^oiJLevwv Sfe^et/zacre avTov ox? eKeivcov (piXov ^aXoopp
iroXeL,
kol

"9

'F(o/x7)v

e9pLd[xl3ev(Tev.

Ill
CAP.

Sf Katcra/30? 7]yovjj,evou KeXrcov, oi 'IXXvp.MV rore AaXfiaTUC aXXoi o7B", /cal oaoi At^vpvov"^, erepov eOvo^ 'IXfidXtaTa Bl7)vtv)(^ovv, Xvpicov, Upcofiovap ttoXlv d4"eiXovTO'ol he (T(f)d 'P(o/jLaLOL"; Kaiaapa tuv 6771)9 eiTLTpe7rovTe"^errl 6 Se ovTa fiev, Kal TrporjyoKaT"(f)ev"yov. eTre/x^Ire pevcre toI^ ")(Ovac Trjv Ylpcofiovavdirohuvvai tol"; he eKelvoyv TeXo9 Ai^vpvoW ov (^povrLadvTO)v 01 (TrpaTOv ttoXXgv, ov"^ diravTa^ e/CTeivav eTre/iyjre ^IXXvpioi. Kal 6 Kalaap ov ouk yap
12. Toy

^v

01

ay^oXr)

TOT6

7r/309 Ho/jLtttjiov. araaidt^ovTL

eTre^rfKOev

Be e'9 rroXe/jLov ri]"; aTaaeco^; 6 [lev iKpayeia7j"; K.a2aap /xe^' oacov el^^y "k BpevTealov ')(^"ifjLwi" iirepa Kal tlo/xir'tjLa) ^\6vLov XlaKehoviav Kara TOV
72

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

concentration of forces at Delminiuni. Then, return- chap. ^^ ing to Delminium, he hurled sticksof wood, two cubits

long, covered with flax and smeared with pitch and These were sulphur, from catapults into the town. fanned into flame by the draught, and, flying in the tion, caused a conflagraair liketorches, wherever they fell burned. was so that the greater part of the town This was the end of the war waged by Figulus At a later period, in the against the Dalmatians. declared b.c. was consulship of Caecilius Metellus, war against the Dalmatians, although they had been guilty of no offence, because he desired a triumph. They received him as a friend and he wintered among them at the town of Sa'ona,after which he returned to Rome and was awarded a triumph.

ii9

Ill
12. At the time when Caesar held the command chap. Dalmatians and the other Illyrians ^^^ in Gaul these same then most prosperous took the city of who were from the Liburni, another Illyrian tribe,inyiiiins Promona The latter put themselves in the hands of the b.c 60 Romans and appealed to Caesar, who was near by. Caesar sent word to those who were holding Promona that they should give it up to the Liburni,and when ment they refused,he sent against them a strong detachtotallydestroyed by the of his army who were Illyrians. Nor did Caesar renew the attempt, for he had no leisure then, on account of the civilstrife broke out into war strife with Pompey. When the civil Caesar crossed the Adriatic from Brundusium in the forces he had, and opened his winter, with what campaign against Pompey in Macedonia. Of the rest 73

^^^^^^

APPIAX^S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

S* aWoir trrpaTov Tor /i"P Avroivio^ Kcdcraci,"jrepoiv ica. t" TTv Mac^"mccF 6? fjr/e C" "nr"ipa^ ojcfyov, ole TOV 'lorxovj^eifiiifwo^ Tre^oi Ta2ivio^ "u -rerreKCuc-eKa iT^ea^ TpicrxtXiois Bia ttj^ ^IWvoico^. Trepwtevwv rov Tj^er airrat ov ^lonoT. oi ^ 'IWujOzo* t"p irpo ttoWov "^ci3^ i^ ttjV airrov ^aia^apa, "feyoiPOTGSv vixr]v vofu^oiTe^
eiroXefLei, tov

eavrois, KreivavaiTrdvra tov cXe^DOv y"rr^"T"(jOcu irro Ttp Ya^ivi^ c-rpaTOv hricpafWtT"^, X"/^^ avTov Ta^iviovxai oXlycdv Ciaov/ovT-tav. kcu i^ he Tr,v aXXjjv l"r^(yv yjiTjiuiTaTOTE fuiXifTTa Kai Toaiavoe Xa/Svfyjivecrrr/o-ai'. 13. O C" KcHcrap ri"jyrJ\elTQ ^"v vrr avd-jicqs HofiTrrflov jcai e? JIofiTTjiov, KaOai p^B evto^ e? Ta
aTcureciy^ irroXoizra T77? ixdi'Dv

Tro\

ev Is royfirji eirav r^XB KaTaa~n}"jdp"vo^ c" Travra gai "GTpdTev"P eVl Fera? t" /cai UapOvaioisovatv ovv eC"U7av oi ^IXkupiOL p-rj iv ocfjt "7"^"rLV 'Pco^v IttlBoIto,kcu -izpia^ei^irepyirairre^e? T" ye-fovorrcav tcai e? 6i"uav fjTOW (n-fyvc^prp; t"p itlcoa-av, q"^ irepi kavTQvs "ai crvpiuaxiav eOvovi C" o dXxLpov puiXi^Ta (jeuvoXcr/oz'^ievoi. eVezyo6p/jy^ avrols pjEPO^ dpa e? TlaoOvcuov^ crepvoTepov
.

'/evo^eva vfiepij

Toiairra toi^ d-TrexpivaTO, ilXov^ pkv ov (?rja-""TBai ce, vrroo^alei cecpaxoTas, Girf/vaiyjecOai el"^6dous xcu

ofiJjpa ooIev.

te i-7ri"r\vovp"v"ov
cvv eire/i^Jre

e?

dfupcrrepa

airraof

OiaTivicv
mai

Tpurl

i-jnTeviTt
xai

avToU Ta^cTrza

"TTp"iTOv TeKfCi re oXiyov^ "^roWoI?, i^op^'V^ dvaito. oprjpa Xrp^opevov.

rf-fovpevoi ttjv 'VdipaUov pE^kvTO^C" TOV Kal"jap"y;, Irryvv ir too ^ai"^CLpi ye-fovevai t" Jcai cieoBdpuai, OvaTLviov KOTtpcovoVt oirre e? tovs TOV "Ti ovcev

74

J'HK

ILLYRIAN

WARS

brought another detachment chap. of the army, Antony '^^ to Caesar'said in Macedonia, he also crossing the Adriatic in mid-winter, and Gabiniiisled lifteen cohorts Illyria, jmssof foot and 3000 horse for him by way of b.c. 4S fearing lllyrians, The Adriatic. the ing around Caesar not long punishment forwhat they had done to before, and thinking tliatIns victory would be their destruction, attacked and slew the whole army under Gabinius, except Gabinius himself and a few who escaped. By the acquisitionof so many spoils their to its highest point. rose wealth and power now 13. Caesar was preoccupied by the necessity of coming to a conclusion with Pompey, and, after death, with the various sections of his Pompey's remaining partisans. When he had settled everything he returned to Rome and made preparations for war lUyrians with the Getae and the Parthians. The therefore began to fear lest he should attack them, as So they his intended line of march. on they were to crave sent ambassadors to Rome pardon for what they had done and to offer their friendship and alliance,vaunting themselves as a very brave race. hastening his preparations against the b.c. 45 Caesar was Parthians ; nevertheless, he gave them the dignified answer that he could not make friends of those who had done what they had, but that he would grant

themselves to them pardon if tliey would subject tribute and give him hostages. They promised to do both, and accordingly he sent Vatinius thither force to impose with three legions and a large cavalry light tribute on them and receive the hostages. a Caesar was slainthe Dalmatians, thinking that b.c, When the Roman ]io\verresided in him and had perished with him, would not listen to Vatinius on the

44

subject
75

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^"

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Se ey^etpovi/ro? ovr" "9 TO, oXXa, ^id^ecrOai (j)6pov(i iinSpa/xovTe^; Koi ecpOeipav, avTol irevre rd^eif; dvSpa diro Bau^iov, Tov r^yovfievov TOiV rd^ecov ^ov\rj";. roU vTroXoiTroa Kol OvaTLViof; fiev avv 'FcofiaLcov ^^ dvexf^^p^i'' ^ovXt) *K7rlBa/jLvov V 69
arparov rovSe fcal MarceSoviav B/joutco rjp-xpv, evexeipio-e KaX 'lWvpLov"; oacov TdiOV, OTC TTCp KoX XvpiaV KaLTTLCOVi TCp KT"LVaVTL Tatov "yevoiievw, Ka(T(TL(p, KOL TwSe di'Spocj)6v(p 'Avtcovlov Kol ol'Se,irokefiovixevoL irpo^ aXka KaL(Tapo"; tov ^e/3acrTov irpoaaKol TOV hevrepov 'IWvpiol^. laxoXaaav "9
TOV avrw,

iir

jopevOevTO";, ovSev 14. Ot Be IlaLove"ielatv edvo^; irapa tov fjue"ya "IdTpov, i7rL/jir]K"(;^laTroBcov iirl AapBdvov";,
XeyofjievoL, Kai Uaiove^ fiev viro tcov 'EXkijvcov Be vtto TlavvovLOL, crvvapiO uovjievoL pcofjLala-Tl Bto Kal 'PcofJiaLcov TTJ 'JWvpiBi,,0)9 irpoeliTov. euTreLv. rd ]WvpiKa TCJvBefiot SoKel vvv Kara Trepl MaKeBovwv Bi 'Ar/pidva^y ot B' eK evBo^oL elalv TO, fieyia-ra ^C\iinr(p Kal AXe^dvBpcp Karepyaad'

ef

Uaiove^ elai /jLevot,

e-TTOLKOi.

tmv

KaTco

eirelB' eVl

tou9

Kopv7]\to";, KaK(i)"; uTraWd^a^ ^IraXoU diracTLv eveTToh^o-e, Kal "9 ttoXv Tot? eireiTa eirl Uaiova"; eXavveiv. virdroL^ okvov 'iXXvpLcop Kal TO, fjiev Br) nrdXai Tocravra irepl Haiovwv eaxov evpelv ev Be roU viTopivi]piacntov BevTepov Katcra/309 rov KXrjOevTO^- le/Sacrrov, Uaiovcov ivrolcrBe Trepl iraXaiojepov fiev ovBev ovS'
rjvpov.

Uawvcov, iWvpLoU Haiova^ earpdrevae fieja Seo9 Uaiovcov

Be fJLOi X""pi9 rcov (fyaiverai 'Vwfiaiwv TrpoviraeOvojv Kal erepa elprj/J-evcov

15.

'IXXvpLMV

76

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

When he attempted chap. of the tribute or anything else. "^ to use force they attacked and destroyed fiveof his Baebius, cohorts,includingtheir commanding officer, a man of senatorialrank. Vatinius took refuge with The the remainder of his force in Epidamnus. Roman Senate transferred this army, together with lUyria,to the province of Macedonia and Roman Brutus Caepio, one of Caesar'smurderers, and at the time assigned Syria to Cassius, same another of the in war with assassins. But they also,being involved Antony and the second Caesar, surnamed Augustus, had no time to attend to the Illyrians. 14. The Paeones are a great nation on the Danube, The PannoThey the^Danuba extending from tlie lapydes to the Dardani. Pannonians are called Paeones by the Greeks, but They are counted by the Romans by the Romans. I have previously said,for as as a part of Illyria, it seems proper that I should include which reason nowned them in my lUyrian history. They have been refrom the Macedonian period through the Agrianes, who rendered very important aid to Philip Pannonia and Alexander and are Paeones of Lower Illyria. When the expedition of bordering on trously, Cornelius against the Pannonians resulted disasover so great a fear of those people came that for a long time afterwards none allthe Italians of the consuls ventured to march against them. Thus much I have been able to learn concerning the early history of the Illyrians and Pannonians, in the commentaries of the second and not even Caesar, surnamed Augustus, could I find anything about the Pannonians. earlier tribes 15. Nevertheless I think that other Illyrian come besidesthose mentioned had previously under

77

APPIAN'S
CAP.
Kovaai.

HUMAN
fiev,

HISTORY,
ovk

BOOK
ov

fcal ottw^

eyvo)V

yafj dWora?
eavjov

6 2e/9acrT09,dXkd 7rpd^eL"; o)? 5' dirodTavTa^ e? avveypa(f)"v,

rpLa"i

toi/?
en

iTravrjyaye,Kol

(f)6pov"
ovTa"i
oaoi

erepovt;
Travra^
roiv

w?

apx^/dev
eKparvvaTO
rrjv

avT0v6fjL0v"; eIXe,/cat

Kopv(pd";

OLKOvcn

"Wrrewv,

rd"^ ^dpf'iapa realfidIraXiav

")"?

X^/^'^ eOvr], Kal

KXoTrevovra

otl ^oi davfid eanv Kal iroWoX koi yelrova. /cai pieydXoi 'Voifiaiwv dTparol iirl KeXroi;? Kai "I/Sr^pa? hici t6)v "AA.7rewj/ ooeuovre"i virepelhov Kalaap, TdiO(; ovoe rdhe rd edvrj, Kal evrux^dvr/p, "? crraTo^ i^r'jvvaev 7ro\"fiov"; avrd, ore KeXroi? errokep^L Kal BeKa eremv dp-fpl rrjv rijvce Xdjpav e-)("i oi p.ev, e(f)^ pxL^ev dWd fiot coKOvmv d ypedrjcraveiretyop-evoL, ttj^ ciocov r6)v"Wirefov
.

6e Fato? o re ^povTirrai, rd KeXr^/ca fi6i'T]"i apxpl JIo/jLttt^lov rov ra yeveadai, Kal t^? crTdcr"co";

K.eXTLKa

to i7ri\a/3ovar}";

tovtcop

tcA-o?

vTTt-p-

Oeadai. ^aiveTai puev ''/dpKal ^\Wv( ito"; dpia dpx^LV, ov Trdcrrj^; KeXroi? aipeOel"; E* dpa VPX^^ 'JWvpt?. aXV da)] TKi r/v rore 'Po)pLaLOL"i

IV
CAP.
Kai

1 6. 'O ^e

'^f/3afTTo"; "vre\o)s, Trdvra ixf'ipo^aaTo

ovaftdxoiv eOvoyvOapLivdevoxXovvroiv. 'O^fatot/? fiAEVct) Kal T[ep6erjvdTa"i Kal lla0idTa"fKal \ avAai/Tiof? Kal Kap.Saiov"; Kal Kivdp,ftpovi; Kal Mepopievuovs TlvpifTcraLov"i cl oXrj^ elXe Kal 77tipa";78

WvTOiviov KareTr/"i d7rpa^ia"-; Trapa/joXf/ Xoyiaaro rf/ /BovXij rrjv ^IraXiav r]p.f-pfj)aai

iv

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

Roman rule. How, I do not know, for Augustus did chap. transactions of others so much as his not describe tlie own, teUing liow liebrought back those who had revolted and compelled them again to jiaytribute,how he others that had been independent from subjugated the beginning, and how he mastered all the tribes the summits that inliabit of the Alps, barbarous and bouring warlike ]ieo})les, who often plundered the neighItaly. It is a to me that country of wonder so many armies traversing the Alps to great Roman looked conquer the Gauls and Spaniards, should have overGaius Caesar, that these tribes,and that even most successfulman of war, did not accomplish their during the ten years that he was fighting subjection the Gauls and wintering in that very country. But to have been intent only upon getting the others seem through the Alpine region on the business for which to have been a})])ointed, they iiad and Caesar seems delayed }nitting an end to the lllyrian troubles on account of the Gallic war and the strife with followed it. For it appears Pom])ey, which closely as well as that he was of Illyria chosen commander but as much of it that is, not all Illyria, of Gaul as was then under Roman rule.
"

IV
Augustus had made himself master of ohap. trast everything, he informed the Senate, by way of conwith Anthony's slothfulness,that he had freed Italyfrom the savage tribes that had so often raided it. He overcame the Oxyaei, the Perthoneatae, the b.c. 35 Bathiatae,the Taulantii, the Cambaei, the Cinambri, Augustn. the Meromennij camiiiyria and the ry rissaei in one
16. When

79

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

6aov"i kol iXij"f)Or]aai", fxei^oiH (f)6pov"i re i^eXiirov rjva^/KciaOi^aav arrohovvai,AoKXedrau koI NapyjaLoc kol Aral K.dpvoL KOL \vTep"^povplvoi
epyw

he

TXl,VTlSiWl'""i KOL
o/jLopoLirpoaeOevro

TaVp'lCTKOL.
avrw

MV

ukoVTWV

01

KaTa7r\ayevr6";,

'\iriTa-

alvoi
aravTa"iy

re

ir"pov"; Se avrCov airo\l"\LTr}vov";koX l^opKvp-qvov^, vrjaovs o'l

Koi

Weaaoi.

(pKOVV,

dvecTT-qaev dporjv,

ort,

eXrjcrrevou

rrjv

OaXaaaav avroiv eKTCtve, Koi roi/? piev i)^MVTa"^ S' ciWov; he rd^ vav"; Tou? aTreSoTO. Ai^vpvoiv iXyarevov. ^lairohcov he ort, kol dcfyeCXeTo, o'lhe
tS)V "Vto"; "AXttccov MoevrlvoL
pueu koX
^

AvevhedraL

irpocnovTL, ApovirlvoL h\ ot irpoaeOevTO avrw ^lairohwi' Kol /jLa-x^Lp,(OTaT0L irXelcTTOL roivhe tmv e'/c roiv KwpLuyv e? to dcnv dvwiciaavTO, elcriv, koX 6 he 69 ra? vXa^ irpo"7LOVTo^avTou avve(f)uyov. K.a2(Tap ro aarv eXcov ovk eveTrprjaev, eXTrtca?

ipScoaeiv avTov";'
17. jMaXtcra

/cat

evhovcnv OLKeiv

S' rjvco^^Xrjcrav avrop

ehwKev. ^aXaaaoi

re

01 irepav "AXirewv kol ^eyecnavol Kal KoX 'laTToSe? AaXp^draL Kal AaicnTt-draL Kal T\aLOve";,6pt""; oiKovaL tmv "Kd"; T0t9 ^aXaao-0L";, ot Kopvcf)d"; ^AXwewv, opr] hva/3ara, eanv eir Kal arevrj hloho"^ hi a Kal rjcrav aiiTovopLOL, avrd Kal hva')(^eprj";' Kal Overep reXrj rov? irapohevovra^ yrovv. TOvroL"^ ipLveacbvdhoKT]rco"i he evehpa^, rd (TrevdirpovXa^e eTToXiopKei. ol he dXcov Kal eirl hiere^ avrov"? ev "^(^peLa, aTTOpla, o)v elcrlpaXiara (ppovpd^

So

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

chap. prolonged efforthe also overcame paign. By more ^^ the Docleatae, the Carni, the Interphrurini,the Naresii, the Glintidiones^ and the Taurisci. From these tribeshe exacted the tributes they had been failingto pay. When these were conquered, the Hippasini and the Bessi, neighbouring tribes, were by fearand surrenderedthemselves to him. overcome Others which had revolted,the Maltese and the Corcyreans, who inhabited islands, he destroyed because they practisedpiracy,putting the utterly, to death and selling the rest as slaves. young men He deprived the Liburnians of their ships because they also practised piracy. The Moentini and the Avendeatae, two tribes of the lapydes^ dwelling within the Alps, surrendered themselves to him at his approach. The Arupini, who are the most numerous and warlike of these lapydes, betook to their city, themselves from theirvillages and when he arrivedthere they fled to the woods. Augustus but did not burn it,hoping that they took the city, themselves up, and when they did so would deliver he allowed them to occupy it 17. Those who gave him the most trouble were Subjugation lapydes, the the Segestani, the transalpine the Salassi, and lapydes Pannonians, far Dalmatians, the Daesitiatae, the and from the Salassi, tribeoccupiesthe distant which latter difficult higherAlpine mountains,a range of access, the and hard to climb. For thisreason paths being narrow they had not only preserved their independence, but on those who had levied tolls passed through their them unexpectedly, seized country. Vetus assaulted the passes by stratagem, and besieged them for two driven to surrender for want of years. They were salt,which they use largely,and they received a

slf^^gs

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

i7ri,7r"fji7rofiei"ov"; inro rov l^aiaapo^; SUcFc^icnv exovra";. 06 ev avToi"; 6 ovSev 8pav /bbiya Trai^ovy K.al"Tap, 7rpoaSoK(OfMei'ovrod 7rp6? Avtcovlov TToXe/xov, avveOero avTovopbov^ edaeiv,koX aKoXdOverepL iirl rwv cnov"; Trpax^evrcov. ol 5* are iv ravr ")(Opr"";d\a^ ttoWov^ eawpevov, vTToyjrLa zeal rr}V 'VwjjLalwv KareOeov, p^expi^ Mecro-aXa? ls.opovlvo"i Xi/jLU) avroL"i Trapearrjaaro.
^

kol Ovirepo^; iSe^avTO. aTToaravro^ ra? (f)povpa" ra areva evOv^, Kal Kparwdfievoi tov"; e^el3a\ov

18. Kat
TTOoe?

%aXa(Tao\ [xev ourco"i

"

Se ol rrepav KXrreoiv, eOvc^ l(X')(vp6v re Kal 'Vwixaiov^, dypLOv, 5/9 fiev aTrecoaavro ereai irov S' eTreSpajnov Kal ay)(ov eXKocFiv,'AKvXrjiav T"pyr]arov 'Vwiialwv cittolkov iaKvXevaav. eiriovKaiaapo'i oSov dvdvrrj o ro^ avrol"^ rov Kal 5* en fiaXXov avrrjv iSua'^epaLvov Tpa^elav ol BevSpa Koirrovre^;. S' dvrfKdev, w? e"? avrS), ra

"7ri7r"pL(f)0el'^ ^IdeX7](})dr)aav,

Kal rrpoaiovra avve^vyov 6 he {virdnrreve e? yap del ri roiovrov) eX6-)(c")V.

ra?

rrjv aXXrjv

vXrjv avrol

dKp(opeia"; riva^
rrjv vXr^v

eireinrev, ol eKarepwOev
rov

avrw

(TvveOeov
Kowrovri
"K
rcov

Bia rrpo^alvovri

'xOap.aXov Kal pev olhe ^Idirohe^

eTre^eOeoif

rwv

rrXeiov^.

he vrro evehpMv koI ttoWou? erlrpcoaKov, iv roL^ dKpoi"semrpe'yovrwv KareKoirrovro ol he Xolttol rrdXiv e? ra Xdaia avveol
ttoXlv

Kal avrrjv 6 Kacaap eXcov ovk epeTrpijaev,eXrriaas Kal evehcoKav. Kal rovahe ivhoocretv'
82

rr)P (^evyov,

eKXiirovre'^,

f) ovofia

Tep7rcovo"i.

THE

ILLYHIAN

WARS

Vetus went away they chap garrison ; but when selves expelled the garrison forthwith, and possessing themat the passes, mocked of the mountain forces that Augustus sent against them, which were upon Thereunable to accomplish anything of importance. Augustus, anticipating a war with Antony,

Roman

acknowledged their independence and allowed them for their offences against Vetus. to go unpunished But as they were suspicious of this behaviour, they laid in large supplies of salt and made incursions into the Roman territory until Messala Corvinus was b.c. In sent against them and reduced them by hunger. the Salassi subjugated. this way were 18. The transalpine lapydes, a strong and savage b.c. tribe,drove back the Romans twice within the space of Aquileia,and plundered about twenty years, overran Augustus When the Roman colony of Tergestus. by a steep and rugged against them advanced road, they made it still harder for him by felling As he advanced farther they took refuge in trees. other parts of the forest, wiiere they lay in ambush for the approaching foe. Augustus, who was always suspecting something of this kind, sent forces to to him occupy the ridges, and these marched i^arallel on along the lower either side as he advanced The lapydes ground, cutting the wood as he went. darted out from their ambush and wounded many of forces the soldiers,but the greater part of their own killed by the Romans who fellupon them from were The remainder again took refuge the heights above. in the thickets, abandoning their town, the name of Terponus. Augustus but town, was this took which did not burn it, hoping that they also would give themselves up, and they did so.

34

85

83

APPIAN'S
CAP.
TMv

ROMAN

HISTORY,
ttoKiv

BOOK

19. 'EttIS' erepav

a(f)oopa TOU"i veorrjf;rjv d/x(f)l koI t} /^^X*-" rpL(j^L\.iov"^ arevrj. to, evoTrXov^;' 0L'Fco/jLaL0v"i fiov^ re Kai acf)6Spa reiXV dveKpovovro. TrepiaravTaf; "vk6\ci)"; ol he a(f)(ov

i'x^oopei, MeroOXoi/, r) YaiTohoiv earl Kelrai, 8' iv opei KecpaXy'], ov"; SiaLpet vXcoSeievrt Svo\6(f)(ov, ')(^apdSpa

to T" Xw^ia riyeipov koX ol MeroOXot ^coyLta eKTpe)(ovTe"^ rjV("))(\ovVy vvkt6"; Kol Tjfiipa'^ Kal tov utto rov"^ KaTeiroret^oL'? fi'tj^avaU avSpa"; la^iqKeaav "k tov vovv, a? TroXe/xou ov Ae/cpiO'i^ ^Avtcovlco re /cat rw BpovTO"; ivravOa iiroXeiJLrjaev he KdK"tvoL"i ^"/3a(TTa". TTOVovvTo^i rod

rjhy]

rei')(ov"^, /ceK/jbrj/co^ oXK V7rerei')(^iaav evhoOev, veoTevKTOV e? to eKXL7r6vTe"; fxeTeTr/jht^crav ol he ^Pcofjialot TO fxev ifcXeicfiOev Xa/Bovre^ eveTrpr/aav, he hvo j^oipaTa e')(^ovv, KaTa tov aXXov Kal dir e? to avTcbv ye^vpa"; Tecraapa^ i^eTeivov Tet;^o?. he Kalaap 6 tovtcov Tiva^ yevofjbevwv TrepieTre/ji-ylr 69 TO, oTTicrOia tT;? iroXew^, TreptaTrdv Tov"i MeTOuXou9, TO?? h' dXXoif; irepav e? tcl Tety?;. TvpoaeTa^e hua TOiV Kal avTO'^ e? irvp'yov
to

kol

'ye(f)vpcbv. dva(3a"^ ecopa.

20. Ol
Ta?
T6
Kara fjbeTcoirov to

yy^rjXov

he Toh /3dp/3apoL

t" irepMatv utt/jptcov

ck

TeLXo";, Kal vcfiehpevovTe^ CTepoi hopacnv InreKevTovv, /xaXXov p^aKpoU ye(l)vpi"^ hevTepa^ eir' eOdpprjdav fjLid"i Kal

Trea-ovarj^;. ")?

he Kal

yecjivpaf;
i)TpiTrj

eKeivr)

crvveTreae,

i]hr) TravTeXrji; tou"; 'P(o/uiLov"i eirelx^trealovheU Kalaap iire/Saivev, o eK eo)? tov TeTdpTr]";

cf)6^o"

tt}?
^

The Latin version Brutus did not mus Cisalpine Gaul, where to Illyria. 8ee Civil

" Decimus." Deciof Candidas omits fight against Antony in Illyria,but in he was killed while trying to escape Wars, in. 98.

84

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

19. Thence he advanced to another place calledchap. IV Metulus, which is the chief town of the lapydes. It
"

on two thickly wooded mountain, Here valley between them. ridgeswith a narrow were about 3000 warlike and well-armed youths,who easily beat oif the Romans who surrounded their The Metulians walls. The latterraised a mound. interrupted the work by sallies day and night, from the walls with engines and harassed the soldiers which they had obtained from the war which DeciBrutus had waged mus there with Antony and When Augustus. their wall began to crumble they built another inside,abandoned the ruined one, and took shelterbehind the newly-builtone. The Romans captured the abandoned wall and burned it. Against fortification they raised two mounds and the new from these threw four bridges to the top of the wall. Then, in order to distractthe Metulians' attention, Augustus sent a part of his force round to the rear of the town and meantime ordered the othersto dash across the bridges to the walls, while he himself ascended to the top of a high tower to see the result. 20. Some of tliebarbarians met those who were crossing face to face on the wall,while others lurked beneath the bridges and stabbed at them from below with theirlong spears. They were much encouraged at seeing one bridge fall and a second one followon top of it. When a third one went down a complete panic overtook the Romans, so that no one ventured on the fourth bridge until Augustus leaped down from the

1-11

11

IS

situated

on

H^'"'^^ fighting at

8s

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

X
kol

avrov"i. aWa Mveuhi^ev avro^; cKJiriha \a/3cov o)? ovK eVl rr]v epeOi^ofievcov, tcov Xero hpofiw. avvWeov S' avrw rjyeyecfyvpav

TTvpyov

KaraOopoov

fioi'cov

^Aypc'TTTra'i re

'

kol

6 kol iipcov

AoOto? AralOuoXa?, Teaaape"; oX^e /jlovol, kuI rwv 5' avrov VTraaTnarcov ttjv yec^vpav oXiyoc. r]hrj o ev arpaTb^ aveTrrjB'ija-e irepCiVTO^i, alholyev6fievo"^

(Toop,aTO(j)v

dOpov";.Kal
TTLTrreL, vvvTO, kol
KOL

Kara^aprjOelcra t) yecpvpa aOpooi Kare^oovol av8pe";vn auT?}?

iraXtv

OL

pLCV aTTeOavov avTcbv,

ol Se avvrpi-

6 Se Kalaap icfyepovro. jmev ro ^euTe"; eTrXijyr) he^Lovfcal toi)? ^pa^iova"^ cTAreXo? TO a/x^w,
rwv

aveSpa/ie 8' o/x")? ev9v"^eTrlrov irvpyov /xera ippajjuivov, kavTov KOL p,r) Ti? eZei^ev avpL^oXwv, o)? a7rodav6vTo"; yevoLro 06pv/3o(;.Xva he /njS'ol ivScocreiv TToXepLOi vofiLaeiav avrov ava')(coprjaavra, o koI paXiara evdv^ krepa"^eirrjyvvro ye"^vpa^. MerouXof? co^ viro yv(apLr)"i rov"; ap.d'X^ov

KarerrXij^e
avrov

7roXepov/jL"Vov";. 21. Kal eTTLovarj'^

T^9

tt

re TrevryjKovra eSoaav, ofirjpovs rov VTroaxopLevoi Se^eaOat Kal (^povpav eireXe^aro, aTreXiTTOv, avroi rol^ (^povpol"^ Xocfyev v-yJTTjXorepov

ever dp,"V0L irpo"^ /3 peer ou? o Yialaap

he eaeXOovaa erepov. errel cKeXevev diroOecrOai, rj (ppovpd rd urrXa avrov^; fcai ol he rjyavaKryjadv re, fcal rd yvvaia acf^cov Be p.ere^^oopovv e?
rov

rov"i

ro /3ovXevr7]pLOV, yiyvoirorrepl avrov'^, epLrrprjaai 'Vwpaioi";avrol fier dirovoLa^. irrey^eLpovv Tot? em')(eLpovvre^ eK rarreivov, ola h^ v-^y]Xorepoi^ ro ddpooL, Kal ol /SovXev(jvvex,dia6r)aav

^ovXevrripiov (jvyKXeiaavre"=;, eiTKTrrjaavre^, oh etprjro, et rt l-rjhh Kal (f)vXaKT]v

e? rralha"i
to

(pvXaKe^

86

THE
tower

ILLYRIAN

WARS

not chap. and reproached thein. As they were ^^ he his a seized shield words^ roused to their duty by to the bridge himself. Agrippa and on and ran guard, Hiero, two of the generals, and one of his bodyLutus, and Volas ran with him, only these had almost He four with a few armour-bearers. by overcome crossed the bridge when the soldiers, this shame, rushed after him in crowds. Then bridge, being overweighted, fell also,and the men killed and down in a heap. Some were it went on bones. broken with carried away others were in the right leg and in both Augustus was injured Nevertheless,he ascended the tower with his arms. himself safe and insignia forthwith and showed sound, lest panic should arise from a report of his death. In order too that the enemy might not fancy that he was going to give in and retire, he began at bridges ; and this above all to construct new once struck terror into the Metulians, who thought that they were contending against an unconquerable will. to Destruc day they sent 21. The next messengers he l^^cit Augustus and gave him fifty hostages whom selected himself, and promised to receive a garrison and to assign to them the higher hill while they themselves would occupy the other. But when the garrison entered and ordered them to lay down their arms, then indeed they were very angry. They shut their wives and children up in their council-chamber and stationed guards there with orders to set fire to the building in case things went wrong with them, and themselves attacked the Romans with desperation. Since, however, they made the attack from a lower position upon those occupying higher ground, they were completely overpowered. Then the guards set

87

APPIAN

S ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

tojz^ CA^. rrjpiov KaTe-TTpi-jCFav, "^v,aiKOiv -roWai re eavrdi^re Kal ra re/cva Siexpcovro, at Be kol ^Mvra

"TL Tojv

e? (^epovaai

to

Trvp
re

ot"^ airoXeaOai evrfKavTO,

Traaav

yierovXcov rrjv
Tcov

veorrjra

ev

Koi

dxpeicov ro

fid\r) rfj
avyKarerjv

ifKeov

rw

iTvpi.
kcll

Ee avrol'^ kol (pXe^fTj

01

tj ttoKl^,

ovtev

l-)(yo^

fie^/i"rT7}"i eKeWi yevopLevrjt;. ^leroiikov 8'aXovarji;

XoiTTol Tojv

eTTeTpeylrav rw ol WTrecov Tore vin'jKovaav' irepav TrpwTOv Vcofiaioov Hoa-Tjvov^d7ro)f^"ocricravTO^ Kai avTwv Kain^apof; tov

lairotoiv KaTa"\ayevTe"; eavrovs K^aiaapi. 'laVote? /tei^ ovp

dTTOCTavra^ iTriTre/icbOel^ airoh ^iap/co^ "EXof/o? ce Xolttoxts elXe,KOL roij^fikvalriov^eKTeive, roi:; CLTeloTO. 22. 'E? he Tr,v yrjv ol 'Fco^alot Cn,
-eyeariKrv

irporepov

ov-e epL^akovre^

Ofirjpov

ovre

"L\j]6e(7av odev ricrav eTrl(ppovijiiaTOf; iTTijeL a Be K^aiaap aiTOi^ Uaiovcov crravoL. cid

tl aXXo ol Zeye-

'FcDfj-aloK; oice Tr,(jce vvrrjKoov yevo/ievrj;;. v\(o6t}"; 8' eariv 77 TiaiovcoVtkcli eTTifJu'^Kri^ i^ ^laTToCcDv Sapcdvoisov wkow TroXei^ eTrl fcal TLatove^ OL OiCe, a\V dypois rj ATco/ia? /cara crvyye7/7?,ovTrco
veiav
ova

r^9

ovK 5' ev rjXiKia eTrlirdc-Lv. dXX ovB' fJ^XV^ "9 cixa p.vpidca'^ avve-zeXjow. dBpioL Bl dvap^Lav. ovTOL Trpocriovro'^ (Tivrjecrav 6 avTGi^ Toi) ^aiaapo^, e? ra? vXa^ virocbir/ovTe^ rayv Tov^ aTrocKicvafieiGV^ crrpaTUOTcov dvyjpovv. 6 Be Kalcrap 60)? fi"v ffXTTL^ev airrov"; dxpL^ecrOa ovre dypov^ tou? 7r/"o? avTOV, rd^ Kcopxi^ ovre 6e iravra eXvfjLaLveTo, ovk dTravrdiincav eveTTLfiTrpr) dp\oirre^avroL^
raav 01

e?

^ov\"vTj]pia Kond

awQecrav,

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

chap fireto the council-chamber and many of the women *^ killed their children and themselves. Others, holding in their arms their children still alive, leaped into the flames. Thus allthe Metulian youth perished in battle and the greater part of the nonwas by fire. Their ci^^^y entirely combatants left, it was trace a although it of consumed, and not had been the greatest city in those parts. After the destructionof Metulus the remainder of the lapydes, being terror-stricken, surrendered to Augustus. time then fur the first The transalpinelaypdes were to the Romans. After Augustus brought in subjection departed the Poseni rebelled and Marcus Helvius He conquered them and b.c. 34 was sent against them. afterpunishing the leaders of the revolt with death sold the rest as slaves. 22. At an earliertime the Romans twice attacked b.c. 35 but obtained no hostages War the country of the Segestani, nor the Segestani anything else, for which reason became very arrogant. Augustus advanced against se^/JsL them through the Pannonian territory, which was Pannonia to the Romans. not yet under subjection is a wooded country extending from the lapydes to the Dardani. The inhabitantsdid not livein cities, but scattered through the country or in villages according to relationship. They had no common council and no rulers over the whole nation. They but they did not 100,000 fighting men, numbered assemble in one body, because they had no common When Augustus advanced againstthem government. they took to the woods, and slew the stragglers of the army; but as long as Augustus hoped that they would surrender voluntarily he spared their fields in he devastated and villages. As none of them came

8q

APPlAxN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

oktm, e? o BirjXOev e? rrjv icale/ceipev iirl rjjxepa^; Haiovcov ovcrav, 'l^eyearavoov, koI rrjvBe eVt rov ^dov irorafjLOV,ev w koX ttoX^? eariv 6)(ypd,tm re 8lo kuI kol TTorafxa) /JLeyiarr)BLeiXy/jL/jievr], rdc^pco 6 Kalaap, co? Ta/jLieL(p fidXicrra

expyK^v auT?}?
Aukmv

e? rov ^/3r;cro/iei/09

elcn tov yiyvopikvovSe yLter' oKiyov "larpov. L^avov^LOVy S' "la-rpov kol al vr}e"i rov ev e? e/j^/SdWet o '^do"; T(p %da) K.aLaapL iylyvovro, at e? tov Aavov^iov avTO) rrjv dyopav hioiaeiv efieWov. 23. Aia fxev 8r) ravra o %"ye(TTrj"; rrj^ e^PD^^J^ Kalaap' irpoaLovrt Be avrw ol Xeyearavol irpoaTivo"^ 7rvv6av6p.evoL XPV^^^' ^ ^^

6t TTcpav

Kot ^aaTepvcov ttoXc/xov, "Icrrpov, \eyofievov fiev evravOa

eTre/jLyjrav, (ppovkol e/carov pav eaayayelv "(f)r], o/jijjpov^ Xa^elv, ^'^'^ AdKa";. iv da(pa\a)"^ iroXet XP^'^^ Tapaeiw rfj SvvaivTo IjTeLhe KOL alrov, oaov ravd^ ol (^epeiv. Bovvar 6 Be Brj/jLO(; p,ev TT p(DTevovTe"^rj^iovv e^aypiaivcov
ia(o";
01) ra

otl /lev o/irjpa BtBofieva irepLelBev,

irapa

(tcPmv dXXa

tmv

Trpcorevovroiv

rrjv TratSe? yaav, 7rpocnovar)"; Be tt}?"f)povpd"i ovK Ta9 7rvXa"i "veyK6vr""; fiavicoBet, op/ifj o-yjnv eirearr]av6L";direKXeiov kol avrov"^ toU Tei)(e(Tiv 6 ovv J^alaap rov re rrorapLov crav. vpov,

eyecp

irdvrodev eiroielro, x^paKa"^ KoX rd(f)pov"; Bvo x^H'^'^"^ drroreiyiaa'i 8' avrov"^ ^'xou. ot?
jj,evol SeyearavolwoXXdKi^;,ov BvvrjerreBpafiov 8' k\e2v XajiirdBa^kol rrvp rroXv avwOev Oevre"i S' avrol's Haiovcov ererrpoaiovcrr]'^
90

Koi

eirejSaXXov.

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

the country with fireand sword for eight days, until chap. to the Segestani. Theirs is also Pannonian he came on the river Save, on which is situated a territory, by the river and by a very large city strongly fortified Augustus greatly ditch encircling it. For this reason desired to possess it as a magazine convenient for a war against the Dacians and the Bastarnae on the
other side of the Ister, which is there called the lower down becomes the Ister. Danube, but a little The Save flows into it,and Augustus caused ships to be built on the latter stream to bring provisions to the Danube for him. he desired to obtain possession 23. For these reasons approaching, the Segestani of Segesta. As he was He replied that sent to inquire what he wanted. he desired to station a garrison there and to receive 100 hostages in order that he might use the town safely as a base of operations in his war against the Dacians. He also asked for as much food as they were of the town able to supply. The chief men furious, people were acquiesced, but the common yet consented to the giving of the hostages, perhaps because they were not their children, but those the garrison approached, of the notables. When however, they could not bear the sight of tliem, but selves shut the gates in a mad fury and stationed themAugustus bridged on the walls. Thereupon the river and surrounded the place with ditches and palisades, and, having blockaded them, raised two Upon these the Segestani made frequent mounds. assaults and, being unable to capture them, threw down upon them torches and firein large quantities. When aid was sent to them by the other Pannonians 91

APPIAX'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
virainyaa^;

BOOK

6 Kalaap p(t)v ^orjOeia'^,

avTTjv

evrjhpevaev

koi Kal ol fiev avrjpeOyjaav,ol K ecpvyov, Haioi'cov "TL ovS"l"; e^orjOei. 24. Ol ^eyearavol Se iraaav TTokLopKiav viro/cara (7TdvT6"; rj/jiepa rpiaKoaTTJ

Kpdro^

aav,

Kai

avTov"i

iKereveiv. kol TrpoiTOv ijp^avro 6 Kalcrap eTcaivcp dperf}"i re real iXetp tote

e\rj(l:Ot

ry]"; iK"aLa";

ovre

eKreivev

ovre

i^7]/jLicoa6, y^pi'^liaacv Kal Tr}9 i(T}]yayev irevTe e? Xi'O'a^ Koi eiKoai avrb cfypovpdv e? 'Vco/xrjv cnreipoiv. Kal 6 /lev rdS' epyaadiJievo"; ")9 e? dv"^"v^ev, rrjp ^iWvpiSa. TfpofieTramj^cov

dvear^jae}/, d\Xa hiaretTroXew? fiepo'^

t"}9

5' eTTiSpa/jLouay-jf; on rrjv ^povpdv ol l-eye"l"7]/jL7]"i ')(^6i/j,a)P0";. aravol Bi"(f)0"ipav, Kal to fiev e^edope r"\o"^ T?)? yvpe, rrjv Be aWiav (pyj/xT)^ "yfrevSe^; lyey oveaav dXrjOfj' yap ev klvBvvw, tcov Seyea-raTTepiaravTcov, Kal TToWovf; to a(f)vco dirajXcoXeKei, TrpoeXaL(f)VL8L0v r?}?S* iTriovarjf;
ovv VMV

avTov";

66vT""^ ^"y"(7Tavcov.6 eKpdTOuv TMU iirl AaX/iuTa"i fieTtjei, yevo"=; cTepov TavXavTLOL^; o/xopov.

Kalcrap ^IXXvptcov,

CAP.

Ol AaX/jidTac B' i^ ou Td"i virb Ta^ivUo TrevTe avr/prjKeaav Kal tcl arjfieia elXT^cpeaa Td^"i"; direTeOeivTO i7rapOevT""iirrl TwBe to, oirXa ovk BeKa, dXXa Kal tov Katcrapo? eVioz/TO? eTeatv ijBr] dXXr)Xoi";avveTidevTO. Kal avTol^ av fiiiax^cr^iv rjcrav ol fiay^ifiMTaTOi, fivplcov Kal Bia')(^LXL(o TrXetof?, Mv (TTpari^yov Ovepaov alpovvTai. 6 Be
25. 92

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

Augustus met and ambuscaded this reinforcement, chap. After ^^ destroyed a part of it, and put the rest to flight. to theirassistance this none of the Pannonians came

any more. 24. Thus

the Segestani,after enduring all the Capture "^" "^^ evilsof a siege,were taken by force on the thirtieth time they began to suppliday, and then for tliefirst cate. Augustus, admiring them for their bravery and pitying their prayers, neither killed nor banished them, but contented himself with a fine. He walled offa part of the city and in this he placed a garrison of twenty-fivecohorts. Having accomplished thishe in went back to Rome, intending to return to Illyria becoming current that the the spring. But a rumour Segestani had massacred the garrison, he set forth hastilyin the winter. However, he found that the They had false, was rumour yet not without cause. been in danger from a sudden uprising of the by reason Segestani and had lost many men of its unexpectedness, but on the next day they rallied and put down the insurgents. Augustus therefore turned his forces against the Dalmatians, another bordering on the Taulantians. Illyrian tribe,

of

25. The Dalmatians, after the slaughter of the chap. ^ five cohorts under Gabinius and the taking of their ^''^' standards, elated by their success, had not laiddown their arms for ten years. When Augustus advanced against them they made an alliancewith each They had upwards of 12,000 for mutual aid in war. fightingmen, they chose Veisus general. of whom

i^=*imatians a^inst other

the

93

APPIAN'S
CAP,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Upa"/ji6vav Ki^vpvwv iroXiv, Kararrjv tmv av6i"^, 6')(ypa)ovaav Xa^covMXypov, KoX raWa e/cc^uw? kol avTM TaTTjv' opeiov yap ian to 'xwpiov, irepiiv Keivrai XocpOL p,"i" irdvToOev 6^eL"; ola irpiove^. Br) rrj TTokei to ttXeov rjv, iv Be tol; \6(pOL"i hiWriKev Ovepaof; (j^povpia' i(f)"a)pc koI 7rdvT""i 'Vcofiaiwi' Ka^aap 6 ra dcf)' e? fiev vylnjXov. Be TO XdOpa Be TOv"i irdvTa^ aTreret^t^e, (^avepov dioBov e? tov aKpoevToXpLOTaTov^ eirep^ire^rjTetv
TaTOV
TMV

X6"pMV.KOL
KaTeaeiaav

vXrj"i aVTOV^ ol fjLev, tt}?

avTov"i,
kol

eiriKaXviTTOvaT]'^, vvkto"s

e/jLTTLTTTOVo-i Tol'i (f)vXa^iv

to)
vtto

kol KTeivovaiv evva^ofJLevoL^;,

KalcrapL

\vyr]'

6 Be

tt}?re

TToXeft)? 6?
TO
OL

e? TrXeovi aTpaTw, kol irelpav yei rw OLKpov eTepov"; e(p"TepoL"; eirefiTrev, eiXrjfji/jLeuov
TOi?

aXXoL";

emKaTyeaav. X6"j)0i(;

Upcop^ovav. 26. 'O Be Kalaap

"TL

o/jlov irdaiv teal 66pv^o"; rjv Tot's ftap/3dpoL"; Be ol iv "7rL')("Lpov/ievoi"s irdvToOev pdXiaTa dvvBpov, fir) twv TOt? X6(j)0L"i eBeiaav Bid to BluBcov dcpaipeOMatv. e? Trjv fcal av/xcpevyovcriv
avTijv
TMV

Te (fio^c^

Te

Kal Bvo

X6(f)ov^, ol

TToXepLLMV, OpOV TTepieTCLCKpaTOVVTO VTTO ^i^e,TecraapdKovTa aTahlfov irepipLeTpov.Kdv TecrTtp^ov TOVTW AaXpdTijv, aTpuTov eTepov dyovTa iBiwKev avpipd')(ov, Tol^ iv YIpcopLovrj VTravTrjaa^i TeaTLp^ov ttjv eTL tov e? Ta i(popcbvTO"; opr), kol

IIp(op,6vav elXev,ovirco

apevTj'^. iKBpapovTMV yap tmv evBov Kal avveXav^VMpLaloL 6^eM"i, vopevMv ^evyovcnv avTol^ e? ol
Tr)V ttoXlv
avveaeirecrov,

irepLTeLXi'O'eco'i TeTtXet?}?

evBov
94

eKTetvav

Kal to TptTov tovtmv ol XolttoI S* "9 ti]V aKpav dvi-

THE

ILLYRIAN

WARS

He again occupied Promona, the cit^ of tlieLiburni, chap. it,although it was very strong by nature, and fortified for it is a mountain stronghold surrounded on allsides by sharp-pointed hillslike saw-teeth. The greater part of his forces were stationed in the town, but he placed guards on the hills, who all looked down upon the Romans from elevated positions. Augustus in plain sight began to cut them all off by a wall, but secretlyhe sent his bravest men to seek a path to the highest of the hills. These, concealing themselves in the woods, fell upon the guards by

night while they were asleep,slew them, and signalled to Augustus in the twilight. He then led the bulk of the army to make an attempt upon the city,and sent detachment after detachment to the height that had been taken, who then descended on to the lower hills. Terror and confusion fell upon the barbarians attacked, as they were, simultaneously on those on the hills all sides. Especiallywere alarmed lest they should be cut off from their supply of they all fled into Promona. water, for which reason 26. Augustus surrounded the town, and two hills City of which were stillheld by the enemy, with a wall ^^^^^^ forty stades in length. Meanwhile Testimus, a Dalmatian, brought anotb.er army to the relief ot"the him and drove him back to place. Augustus met the mountains, and while Testimus was stilllooking he took Promona on before the line of circumfinished. For when the citizens made vallationwas a sally and were sharply repulsed, the Romans pursued them and entered the town with them, The where they killed a third part of them. in the citadel,at the gates of remainder took refuge

95

APFIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

'Pco/xaicov Spa/jLOv. Kal (TTtelpa avTOV^ e(^v\a"Taev iirlTO)v TTvXoiv. oU irpoaTrLTTTOvcnvol /SdpjSapoi
vvKTo^

ra? iriiXa^ rj (Tirelpa Kal e^eXnrev T"Tdpr7j";, Seou?. 6 he K^accrap tou? vTTo /xev TroXeyLtt-ou? i7nova7)"^ kol dveKoyjre rr]"s o/j/xt)?, elXe rrrapat?)? S6vTa"ieavTov^' rrjv Be airelpav r) to (jyvXaKiov Oavdrcp hiaKkr^pdicra^, i^rjfjLLcoa-e to See^eKiire KUTOV, Kal \o)(^ayov"; eirl tu" BcKdTO) Bvo. Kal 6epov"i KpiOrjv TOi? XoiiroU eKeXevev eKeivov tov BiSoadat,. dvTl aiTOV Tpa"^r}vaL B' 27. GuTO) fiev edX(o Upayfiova, Tecrr^yu-o? eavTov, ^evyeiv aTpaTov opMV BieaKeBacre tov dXXov"; dXXa^ov' oOev avT0v"i ovk eBvvavTo ol 'PwfialoL BiCOK"iV BtaLp"(TlV 6? TTOXV, Tl'^V Te (T(f)MV BeiaavTe^, direipiav twv Tr]v e? TToXXd Kal Trjv ohoiv Kal TO, tx^V '^1'^ (f)vyr]"; avyKexv/nipa. ^vi oBlov S' alpovai ttoXlv ev dpxfl i/Xt;?,ev t?}? tov Va^LviovaTpaTov ivrjBpevcrav fj ol ^aXfjidTai jSaOelakol i7ri/jLtjK"L Kal pLear} Bvo ireplcj)dpayyt Kalaapa ivrjBpevov. 6 Be to opoiv,"v6a Kal tov iveirprjae, Te I^vvoBlov Kal e? to, oprj ireptTrepLy dvo) (TTpaTov eKaiepwOev avTw avpLTrapopuapTelv, Bid kotttwv auTO? t))vvXrjv rjet rf/? (f)dpayyo";, ipnTiirpa^; baa Kal Td"; TToXet? alpwv, Kal irdvTa Be iroXeo)^ KaTa Tr]V oBov rjpei. 7roXLopKOvpLevr]"i

Serofia?, rt? avToh avpipLaXia ^ap^dpcov, eV^Jet f)i' 6 K.a2aap eKcoXvaev eaBpapielve? vTravTrjcra^; Tr)V SeTOviav. kuv tCo ttovm tmBs eTrX^/y?; XiOcp
TO

yovv,

Kal
e?

pataa"i Be
96

rroXXd^ ijpepa^ eOepaireveTO. 'Vcop^rjv viraTevawv crvv eiravijXOev,

e?

THE

ILLYRIAN

WAHS

cohort was placed to keep watch, chap. which a Roman On the fourth night the barbarians assaulted them, and the cohort Hed terror-stricken from the gates, but Augustus cliecked the enemy's onset, and the

following day received their surrender. The cohort that had abandoned its position was obliged to cast
lots, and every tenth

and in addition to them It was ordered, as a two centurions, suffereddeath. further punishment, that the surviving members of the cohort should subsiston barley instead of wheat for that summer. 27. Thus was Promona taken and 'J'estimus, seeing it, disbanded his army, telling them to scatter in the Romans were not all directions. For this reason feared divide to long, as they able to pursue them being into bands, ignorant of tlie themselves small roads, and the foot-prints of the fugitives being much confused. However, they took the town of synodimn Synodium at the edge of the forest in which the t)uriiL.i armv of Gabinius had been entrapj)ed by the Dalmatians in a long and deep gorge between two lay in wait for mountains, where also the enemy now he Augustus, but after he had burned Synodium tains of the mounsent soldiersround by the summits him on to keep even either side while pace with He cut down trees he passed through the gorge. and captured towns and burned everything that he found on his way. While he was besieging the city to its assistance, Setovia a force of barbarians came which he met and prevented from entering the struck by a stone on place. In this conflicthe was the knee and was laid up for several days. When he recovered he returned to Rome to perfoinn the
man,

97

AFPIAXS
CAP.
V

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
e?
ra

X
Xoltto.

OvoXKaTLw
'

TvWm,
'

SraTiXiovTavpov
/

Tov

TToXe/iov /caraXiTTcov.

8' 28. l"iovfi7]VLa

Koi
Tr]V

eTov";

virareveLV, dp^dfievo";

apxh^ avT7]"; 7;//epa?irapahov'^ HaiTCp, ev9v"^i^eOopev avdn; iirl tov"^ AaXfiaTa^i, ^^o yap ekeiirev en rrjv twv TpcMV apx^i^' ap')((i)V dpx^i^, V errf ry hevrepa TrevTaerlarTjaBe t^?
o

AvTpcovLW

koI avToh e'\\rrjj"ia-avTO eVl tJ TTporepa a(^lcnv S' -ij^rj Brj/jLO"; ku/j,"7reK6Kvp(i)Kei. ol AaX/idrat
vovre"i
VTTo

Xi/iov,

rwv

kul vtti/Vtcov K^alcrapL rw epyop'^vcp a/xivoL, a(^a"; Sovre^i eiTTaicore avv ofirjpd TTapeSocrav iKerripia, Kalaap 6 ov^ (TLOV^; 7ralBa";, yreL, koI ra koI Se 'VcofiaiKa a-yj/jLela rd Ta/3tvLov top "p6pov diro Tatov Kalcrapo^; TOV aTrohwaeiv eKXec(f)6ePTa iyevovTO. eTrecra e? to rd evTreiOei^ v7roaTdvT""s, Be 6 Kalaap direOiiKevev (Trjfxela rfjcrroa ry ^OKTaovia Xeyo/xev7]. AaXp-arcov 8' dXovTcov Koi Kalaapa ^ep/3avol irpoaiovTa tov (Tvyyv(op.r)v 6/x7]pov"i kol crvv fJTOVv eBoaav, kol tou^ iKeT-iipia,

e^codev

dyopoov drroKeKXeL-

vTreaTrjaav aTToScoaeiv. tmv cpopou^ eKXeL(pOevTa";

fcalo/j,r]pov"; ol? fiev 6 Ka?aap eirXriaiaae, 8' ovk "771 TaL"; errXT]eSocrctvoaoi^ (7vvOt]Kai"^ ovt avveOevro. eSoaav ovre aiaae Bid vocrov, Be /cat oiBe varepov viTaxOevTe'i. (paivovTat 6 Kalaap Trjv ^IXXvpuBa yr}V, bay] OvTfo irdaav 'Vwpaiwv, Kai Te ti]v ov d"peL(TT7]iceL irporepov Se
. . .

avTol^, expaTvvaTo. ^IXXvpcKov etcoKe ^ov\r] OpiapL^ov

VTraKovaaaav

fcau

avTw

ri

Opiapi^evoai,
kut

ov

iOpiu/x^evcrev vaTepov d[ia toU

^Avtcovlou.

98

THE

ILLVRIAN

WARS

duties of the consulship with Volcatius Tulhis, his chap. ^ Taurus to finishthe war. colleague, leaving Statilius his new 28. Entering upon the b.c. 33 consulship on The Dai Calends of January, and dehvering the government day, he started back subdued to Autronius Paetus the same being still triumvir ; for two to Dalmatia at once, period which years remained of the second five-year had triumvirs themselves the ordained and the the Dalmatians, oppressed })eople confirmed. And now by hunger and cut off from foreign supplies, him on the road and delivered themselves up met with supplications, giving 700 of their children as demanded, Augustus hostages, as and also the Roman standards taken from Gabinius. They also promised to pay the tribute that had been in arrears since the time of Gains Caesar, and were obedient henceforth. Augustus deposited the standards in matians the portico called the Octavia. After the Dalhad been conquered Augustus advanced forgiveness begged Derbani,who likewise the against gave hostages, and promised to with supplications, other of tribute.^ In like manner pay the arrears for hostages his tribesat observing the approach gave however, Some, he treaties that made with them. he was prevented by sickness from reaching. These gave no hostages and made no treaties. It apj"ears, later. however, that they too were subjugated Thus Augustus subdued the whole Illyrian country, had from the not only the parts that revolted had before been Romans, but those that never under b.c. 33 their rule. Wherefore the Senate awarded him an Illyriantriumph, which he enjoyedlater,together with those for his victory over Antony.
*

At this point there is a lacuna in the text.

99

AFPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

'V(o/jLat(ov 29. hoLiroi 8' elal ri}^vtto vo/jLl^o Haiovwv 'Patrol 'IWf/JtSo? irpo elvat fikv fjLip7j"s
Kai

NcopLKOL, /lera ITatWa? Be Mvaol ew? iirlrov TLopTOP. 'PaiTOv"i/lev ovv koI NcopiKOv^ Ev^eivov TroXe/jLovvra KeXrot? 7]"yov/xai Tdioif Kaiaapa TlaLnva";' XcjSaaTov ^(^eLpov/jLevov T} Tov

KareSpa/jLe, koX "? tov irorapov i/x^a\d"v, Mfcroi? TrdpoiKoi, evOa elalv'EW^yi^tSe?e^ iT6\eL"i "Icrrpo? re koI ^lovvctottoXl^ koI 'OSr^crcro? koX KaXAart?, kol ^learj/ji/SpLa, fcal rKiroXkwvia' e^ ^ATToXXcova tov ^9 e? 'Vdi/jLTjv /JL"T7]veyKetov /Jbiyav TlaXaTLro. Kai iv tm dva/cei/jLevov wXelov ovSev 'Vwp^aiwv Srj/ioKpaTLa'; iirl e? Mvaov"f r]vpov Trj"^ ryevofievov, ouS' e? v7ra)(0evTa"iovB' iirl "j)6pov tou TOV 'Ee/SacTTOV' V7n])^0t]aavSe vtto Ti^epiov Po^fjLaLOl"; TOLs %"^a(TTOV /jLCTa tov avTOKpdTopo'^ dXd)creco"i dXXd jjlol tu Alyvirfxev 7rp6 yevofjbivov. Tov yevofjceva e"/)' TrdvTU VTTO vevjJLaTL TOV Brjfiov iavTOJV (JvyyeypaTTTaL, a Be jist Atyvirrov oi
aavTO's,
^

"f)o";

"7rc\a/3"cv, iv jxeacp "ydp elacv dfi^oTepoiv, koI ovSev rjvpov tSiov"9 'PatTOU? ^7 ^aypifcov-^ yevofjievov' 69 ev /xoi BoKovcTL erepot? rwv '^eiTovwv avvaXoivai. roi^i 30. Ml'o-ou? he Mdp/co(i /xev Aeu/c^Wo?, 6 aSeX,AiKLviov AevKoWov rod MidpLSdrr) TroXep,!]-

rj TrpoaiXa/Sov, avTOKpdTop""i o'lBeeKpaTvvavTO kolvcl to, avTMV ")? cBia epya, /leTa etprjTaievOa Mucrwi^ vvv B\ iireltov"; epoi irXeova. KoX nrepl 'iWfptSo? fjyovvTai, Ml'ctou? re ol Vco/naloi r?}? IXXvolkov ecTTiv, ")? TO KOL jjloltovto avyypapLfJid dv etr)TO CFvyyoafipLa eVreXe?, eBokgl TrpoeLirelv OTi cTTpaTyjycov fcalMfcroL'?AgvkoXXo'^ re tw BrjpLfo Tt/Septo? kutq, iireBpafMe kol T//^' fj,6vap^ov elXe

e^ovaiav.
lOO

THE

ILLYUIAN

WARS

29. The remaining peoples, who are considered by chap ^ are the Rhaetians the Romans to be parts of Ill^ria, and the Noricans, on this side of Pannonia, and the Mysians on the other side as far as the Euxine Sea. I think that the Rhaetians and Noricans were subdued by Gaius Caesar during the Gallic war or by Augustus during the Pannonian war, as they lie between the two. I have found no mention of any war against them separately,whence I infer that they were conquered along with other neighbouring tribes. 30. Marcus Lucullus, brother of that Licinius Lucullus who conducted the war against Mithridates advanced against the Mysians and arrived at the to the river where six Grecian cities lie adjacent Mysian Istrus, Dionysopolis, territory, namely, Odessus, Mesembria, Callatis,and Apollonia ; from which he brought to Rome the great statue of Apollo which was afterward set up on the Palatine Hill. I have found nothing further done by the Roman They were not subrepublic as to the Mysians. jected Augustus, but to tribute in the time of by Tiberius, who succeeded him as Roman emperor. All the things done by command of the people have Egypt been before the taking of written by me for each country separately. Those countries that these emperors themselves pacified after Egypt was as taken, or annexed their own work, will be

mentioned after the affairsof the commonwealth. For There I shall also tell more about the Mysians. the present, since the Romans consider the Mysians a part of lllyria and this is my Illyrian history, in order that it may be complete it seems proper to premise that Lucullus invaded Mysia as a general of the republic and that Tiberius took it in the time of the empire.
lOI

HOOK
THE

XI
WARS

SYRIAN

A'

ITPIAKH
I
CAP.

1. i\vTio')(o"; ^eXev/cov tov 0

Ba^vXcovlfov Kal erepwv Be uTTo "/CTO(; '^eXevKov tov

/cat

Kvrio-xpv, Xvpcov i6vo)v ^aai\ev"^,

'Acrta?

tT]'s

WXe^avhpov ^"/3aaiX"VK6To"; rrepl KvcppaTrjv

fxer
re

koI erepa /cal IlapOvrjvrju en irpo avrov, edvi] d(f)i(Trd/jL"va Kal TroXXd Kal fjLeydXa Spdaa';, Kal fieya^ Wptloxo^ "Tto rovSe Bl* KX7]0eL";, e7raLp6/jL"vo"; roU yeyovocn Kal rfj avrd Ki,XiKLa"i t" "Zvpcav rrjv kolXtjv Kal Trpoacovvfiia, WroXefjLaLou tov a eariv Alyvirrov

ia^aXcov69 MrjSlav

(f"LXo7rdTopo(;,

Trepieairaae, eTTiBpa/xcov 'EXX^ja7rovrlov"; Kal fXLKfov ovBei' evOvjjLovjJievo^ oy? ol 7rpoaT]KovTa"i eTTtjeL Kal AloXea^ KaV']o)va"; 'Aota? dp')(ovTL 'Acr/a?, on, rP]"i Kal irdXai tmv rrj^; re e? ^aaiXecovv7T))Kovov. Trjv EvpcoTrrjv BiaTrXevaa'^ HpaK7]v Kal rd dTreiOouvra VTDJyero Xeppnvtjaov re ai)(ypov, Kal Avcrtfjid^eiav "/9ia^tT0, A fxev 6 SpdK7]"i eirl KXe^dvy)v f crt'yLta^o? MKL^ev, Bpcp^aaiXev(ja"i e-n ua eKTicrev TOt? Hpa^lv Lreixicr
^

^aaiX"(i)"; iraiBo^;
6tl

ovto^,

104

BOOK
THE SYRIAN 1

XI
WARS

1. Antiochus (the son of Seleucus and trrandsonof chap. king of tlieSyrians, the Babylonians and Antiochus), ^'^' ^^^ other nations, "uas the sixth in succession from that ATnbiti" Seleucus who succeeded Alexander in the govern- Antioch Anti-Vhu GrcHt ment of the Asiaticcountries around the Euphrates. the He invaded Media and Parthia,and other countries that had revolted from his ancestors, and performed from which he was named Antiochus many exploits, the Great. Elated by his successes, and by the title which he had derived from them, he invaded Coele- b.c. 19S Syria and a portion of Ciliciaand took them away from Ptolemy Philopator,'king of Egypt, who was a boy. Filled with unbounded ambition, he still marched against the Hellespontines, the Aeolians, and the lonians as though they belonged to Iiim as the ruler of Asia, because tliey had been formerly of the Asiatic kings. Then he subjects crossed over to Europe, brought Thrace under his b,c, ip6 sway, and reduced by force those who would not He fortified Chersonesus and rebuilt obey him. Lysimacheia, which Lysimachus, who ruled Thrace after Alexander, built as a stronghold against the
^

An

error

for Epiphanes.

105

APFIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

elvaiy01 %paKe^ S' airoOavovro^; rod Av(TLfidy(Ov TOV"i Ka6r)py'^Keaav. koI 6 ^AvTiO)(o"; avvcpKi^e, Avai/jiax^ojvfcarafcaXwv, kuI T6 tmv (f)evyovTa"; "i Tive"i aiiTOiV al)(fid\(OTOi yeyov6T"";iSovXevov KOi u)Voviievo"^y 6Tepov"; TrpocTKaraXeycov, /cal /SoO? i7n8i8ov"i, koI crlSqpove? yewpyiav Kal Trpo/Sara [laro^i Kol ovSev iXXeLTTCDvis ra)(e'iaveTnret^icr Xa/xto irdvv yap avrco x^P^^^ icpaivero op/jLijv TTpo)^ e-)(eiv eVl oXy ^paKrj, Kal rapLielovev/caipov "9 ra XoLird wv eTrevoeu irdvTwv eaeaOai. 2. Tavra S* avrw kul hia(^opa"i (f)avepd"; 7r/309 Vcofialovf; ob? yap Sr] /jLerrjei rd'^ rjp^ev. 'FiXXrjviSasTroXet?, ol fiev TrXeove^; avrw TTJBe Seettw iaeSs^^ovro TrpocTeTiOevTO Kal (f)povpd"; tt}? Be aXwcreco?, ZfivpvaLot Kal AafJL-^aKTjvol Kal erepoL
en

69 ^Xajxivlvov ruv avrkyovTes eirpea^evovro 'Pcofjiatcov WaKeaTpajriyov, dpTi ^iXlttttov tov B6vo"; /JLeydXy irepl ^erraXiav KeKpart-jKora' p^d)(r) lylyveTo yap Si] Kal ra MaKe86v(ov Kal rd 'EXXrjvwv eTTLfiLKTa dXX7]XoL"i dvd fxepr)Kal ')^p6pov"; BeByjXcorai. Kal W9 ^EXXrjVLKfj fyiOLiv rfj ypacfyf) BiairpeaKal ^Xa/ntvlvQ) yiyvovrai TLve"; ^Avrio^^o)
re ^evaeL";
eK

"9

dXXjjXous Kal

diroireLpai aTeXel^.

TToXXou
^

Be oWwfJialoL Kal 6^Avtlo)(o"; vTroTrrax;

dXXi'fkoi'^y eL')(pv ol /lev ovk drpefujcreLv viroXapL^ddpy(r)s AvTLOxov re vovT""^ eiTaipo/xevov fieyeOei 6 Be 'Pcop^aLov^ ol fi6voh"; dK/xfj, Kal evTrpa^La"^ eaeaOac, Kal KcoXvaew pbdXidTa i/xTroBcDV av^ofievw Be irw ILvpcoTTrjv 69 T}]v Trepaiov/xevov. ovBevb^i
io6

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

i'hracians themselves, but which they destroyed chap. ^ afterhisdeath. Antiochus repeopled it,calHng back the citizens who had fled, redeeming those who had been sold as slaves, bringing in others, supplying them with cattle,sheej), and iron for agricultural purposes, and omitting nothing that might contribute to its speedy completion as a stronghold; for the place seemed to him to be admirably situated to Iiold all I'hrace in subjection, and a convenient base of supplies for all the other operations that he contemplated. 2. This was the beginning of an open disagree-His first ment with the Romans as well, for as he passed raeutwui, Home among the Greek cities thereabout most of them him and received his garrisons, because they joined feared capture by him. But the inhabitants of Smyrna and Lampsacus, and some others who still Flamininus, to the Roman sent ambassadors resisted, Philip the had lately overthrown general, who Macedonian in a great battle in Thessaly ; for the of the Macedonians and of the Greeks were affairs closely linked together at certain times and places, as 1 have shown in my Grecian history. Accordingly, Antiochus and certain embassies passed between Flamininus and they sounded each other without Romans result. The and Antiochus had been suspiciousof each other for a long time, the former surmising that he would not keep quiet because he so was of his much puffed up by the extent dominions and the height of fortune that he had reached. Antiochus, on the other hand, believed that the Romans were the only people who could to his increase of power and prevent him put a sto[) from passing over to Europe. Still, there was no
107

APFIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
"9

BOOK

XI

avrol"^ yeyoi"6TO"; (^arepov

e? irpea^et'^

ex^pai^ d"pLK0VT( 'Pcafiyv irapa YlroKeixaiovrov

TTaTopo^, aLTLWfievov AvTioxov avTov

Xvplav

(f)i\o-

re

koI ol Trj"; V(j)6\ea6ai. Kara iire^atvov Kaipbv acfilai a(f)op/jLr]"; arrfjievoL, AvTio)(oveareWov, e? top 'yei'0fi6vr]"i, Kal 7rpia^ei"i
'

Kal KiXiKiav 'Vco/jialot,

oc

Xoyw

fiev e/neWov

\\pTi6xfpf ^Py"P
*

avvaWd^eiv ^^ rrjp 6p/ir]v KaTaaKe-yjreaOaL

oaa

UroXe/xaiov

AvTioxov Kal Kdikvaeiv 3. TovTojv Br]Twv

^

hvvaivro.

rvalo"=; r)yov/ji"VO(; irpealBewv

'

AvrLO')(ov Pwfiaiwv YlToXejiaUo fiev,ovtl rj^iov crvjXoip^^J^^PX^^^ 6(T(Dv0 iraTrip aurw (plXw, 8' iv 'Acta TroXe^?, a)v *^iXi7nro^ 6 KareXcTre, ra?
rov

idv ov yap elvai MaKehcbv ypx^^y avTOv6iiov"; hiKaiov AvTioxov Kparelv wv ^lXlttttov d^eiXovro 'VcojialoL.6Xa)"; S'diropeiv re roaovrov aroXov "cf)7j 6 ^AvTLoxo^ Kal ToaavTTjv arparidv dycov civwOev 'Acrta? irriOdXaaaav, e? re "K MijBfov eXdoi tt}? Karaia^dXoi, Tr]v Evpd)7r7)v Kal TroXe^? iv avrjj
^

virdyoiTo,el firj ravrd krepov iroXep-ov Oe/neXia. 6 S' direKpivaro ^pdKijv fieu, Twv yevopbevy-jv re -Trpoyovoiv avrov avTO"=; Kal hi daxoXia^ eKireaovaav, eirl cri^oXr} oiv dvaXafi^dveLv, AvcnpLdx^LCLV iyeipeiv oIkuKal 2.eX"VK0) tm iraihlelvau,rd's 5' iv \\aia rrjpiov idaeiv,eltt]v X^P^^ ou 'P(o/jLaLOL"i TToXea avTov6/jLOv"i Kal (TKevd^oiTo,
earLv

("^^pciKriv

io8

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

chap. open breach between them until ambassadors came ^ from Ptolemy Philopator complaining that to Rome Antiochus had taken Syria and Ciiicia away from him. The Romans gladly seized thisoccasion as one well suited to their purposes, and sent ambassadors to bring about a reconciliation to Antiochus ostensibly between him and Ptolemy, but reallyto find out his designs and to check him as much as they could. 3. Gnaeus,^ the chief of the embassy, demanded a cona that Antiochus should allow Ptolemy, who was atTyshna friend of the Roman people, to rule over all the cheia countries that his father had left to him, and that the cities of Asia that had been part of the dominions of Philipshould be leftindependent, for it was not right that Antiochus should seize places of " We are which the Romans had deprived Philip. " wholly at a lossto know," he said, why Antiochus from Media bringing so large a fleet and should come Asiatic to from an the the upper country army into Europe, build incursion an cities coast, make Thrace, are the there, and subdue unless these Antiochus for war." replied another preparations his to ancestors, that it that Thrace had belonged had slipped from their grasp when they were occupied elsewhere, and that he had resumed He had possession because he had leisureto do so. built Lysimacheia as the future seat of government Seleucus. He would leave the Greek of his son citiesof Asia independent if they would acknowledge the favour as due to himself and not to the Romans.

of this ambassador, according to Polybius Lucius Cornelius. In other respects the (xvii. 31), account of the conference by Polybius agrees with that of our author. The conference took place at Lysimacheia.
^

The

name

was

109

AFPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

''UroXe/jbaLrp 8\" e(})tj aXX "avTcp fxeWoiev e^etv. ovirco kol koI oaov K7]hecyTr]"= elfiL Kal auyyev/i"; eaofxai, Kal ')(dpivv/ullvavrov o/moXoyelu rrapa'Pco/Jbaloi SiKauo (7Kevd"Tco.diropo) Be Kuyo) tivl rr]v Aalav TToXvirpayfXGVovaLV, i/xov r-qv ^IraXiav
" ^

ov

SieKpid7r"i\d";e? to Orjaav, diroppriyvvvTe^; ySr) ra? ifiireaovaf}^ on \6yov Se kul Bo^rjfi (f)au"p(t)T"pov' diroOdvoi, Xlro\"paiO"^6 Kara airovSjjp (juXoTrdroyp 6 ^Avrloxo^ diTr]ei klyvmnv o)? "p-)iixov ap')(^oino"^ dpTTaao/xevOs. Kal avrw Kara lijcpeaop Avvi^a"; 6 Kap')(^r]B6vw"; ^evywv rijv iraTpiha "Tupi/3d\\ei, 'I*o)fiaLoi"i Si i-^dpMv hLa^6\d"^, OL avrbv ec^aaKov Kal ovTrore elvai Svaepiv re Kal (pcXoTroXe/xov S' }s.n Svvdfjievov.rore ore p')^i]B6vLo "lpt]vev"Lv rjv 'VcopbaioL^virriKOVov evairovBoi,. ^Amn/Sav fiev 6 'Ai^tiot^osBy Bicovvpou inl aTpaTr]yLai"i ovra
aTrpaKTOt

7ro\viTpayixovovvTO"^.^^ 4. Ovroi [xev drf dWrjXwv

avrov XapLirpoi"^ Kal el)(^ev dpLcp^ irepl v7reB6)(^"ro YiroXepalov Be rr]v AvKtav rreptelvaL paOwi' Kvirpov 8'eXTrtVa^alp/jaeiv AlyvTrrov pLev direyviD, dvrl AlyvTTrov BieirXei Kara rd)(o"ieV avryj'. S' dpcplrov %dpov TTorapov avpTreacop, ')(eLpoyvi vecov ra)p evias 3' avrol": uirolSaXoov, Kal 770 Wa? I.vpla'-i dvBpdaL Kal ^iXoL"^, 'EeXevKeiav e?

crroXov koI fievov. ydpL0v";re ra)v rraiBwv eOvev, Avrioxov dXXriXoi"^ Kal AaoBLKri"^, crvvappLO^cov. 5. "HS?7 Be rov tt/Oo? 'F(op,alov"i iroXepLov eyvcodiroKaXv-TTreiv Ka"(; 6771/9 ^acrt"7riyapiLai";rov^ Xea? TrpoKareXdp^fSave, Kal YlroXepafrp /nev e?
KareirXevae,
^ ,

rov

r?)? ireirov)]KarecrKeva^e

no

THE
"'

SYRIAN

WARS

" chap. relativeof Ptolemy," liesaid, and I shall ^ it very shortly be his father-in-law,and I will see to that he renders gratitude to you. I too am at a loss interfere in the to know by what right the Romans interfere in those of affairsof Asia when I never Italy." 4. And so they separated without coming to any understanding, and both sides broke into more open threats. having spread abroad that Ptolemy b.c. iol A rumour dead, Antiochus hastened to Egypt HaTinibai Philopator was ^ '^ in order to seize the country while bereft of a ruler. Hannibal the Carthaginian While on this journey fugitive from He was now a met him at Ephesus. his own country on account of the accusations of his enemies, who reported to the Romans that he was a that he wanted to bring on a war, stirrer up of strife, peace. This was the and that he could never enjoy by treaty time when the Carthaginians were subject Antiochus received Hannibal in a to the Romans. on account of his great military magnificent manner reputation,and kept him close to his person. At Lycia he learned that Ptolemy was alive. So he gave up the idea of seizing Egypt and hoping to take Cyprus instead sailed thither with all speed ; but encountering a storm at the mouth of the river Sarus and losing many of his ships, some of them in in Seleucia at with his soldiersand friends,he put he fleet. There Syria to repair his damaged celebrated the nuptials of his children, Antiochus he had joinedtogether in and Laodice, whom

am

marriage. 5. Now, determining no longer to conceal his b.c. intended war with the Romans, he formed alliances by marriage with the neighbouring kings. To Ptolemy
III

193

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

KXeoTrdrpav rrjvXvpav iTrUXy](Ttv, irpoLKa '^vpiav t)]V Koiki-jv eVtSiSoi;?, r)v avro^ TiToXejiaiov,Oepaireixov 7/S77 to Tov d(f)^pi]TO tt/oo? ^(ofxaiovs fxeipcLKLOv, iV ev rep iroXepLW tw W.vrioxi'ha K eirep^irev ^AptapdOrj rfo LiTpepfjXoLirrjv Ev/jievei kol Ka7r7TaSoKO)v rtjv en /SacriXeL, Hepyd/nov ^aatXel. 6 Se {edipa ray yap avrov 'Fw/xaloKi re kuI tt/jo?rypSe iroXe^jLiqaelovTa
KtyviTTOv eareXKe

yhr)

to Tr)P -ypeiav

Kal ^^iXeTalpw, aSeX^ot? on ^aatXeco^roaovSe kui Oavfjid^ovaLV Kf}So"i

/cal Tot?

avrw avvaino KP]So"i WrrdXro

rjpvrjaaro, jxevov)
re

yeiTovo^,

avrov

-re

KaTdp-)(0VT0"^Kal

Seo/xivov,

eaofxevov iToXep.ov ev TrapaiTOLTO, iireheiKW rov laoiraXe^, crvv fxev dpxfjTi trap dix"^olv e^eiv
"

Sl Kal y^povtp3' hirepoiaeiv rd 'Pw/ialcov evylrvylav 'Vwiiaiwv 8'," eyoi /xh' raXaiiTwpiav. e(^ri, ^M^ dp^ro. rr)^ "PX^l? eiTLKpaTOVVTwv ^e^ai(o"; 'T''}? ^AvTLoxov Se viKcovTO"; dcfyaiped fiev )]a"aOai cXttU 8e Kal e-)(OVTa /Sacrtirdvra 7rpo";yeirovo^, eXTrl? vir Xevaeiv ^aauXevop-evov eKelvov.^
"

II
CAP.

Br) TOLolaSe Xoyiaixol^ T0v"i yd/iov"i 6 S' 'Ai^rto;^"? FjXX7](T'7r6pTo diredticraTO, avOi";e(/)' /carrjei, Kal TrepLirXevaa'i e? \epp6vr]crov TroXXd
6. 'O
ixev
'

@paKr)"f re Kal Karearperr}'^ vnrjyero ''EXXrjva's B\ octol roh ^pq^lv vtt?]"f)eT0. Kovov, Ka) Bv^avrloi'i iroXXd riXevOe.pov, e)(^api^eTO

Kal

Tore

di"i eTTLKaipov eiii tov

112

crroyuaTO?

ttuXlv

e^ovaiv.

THE

SYRIAN

WARS
cilAP. ^

in Egypt he sent his daughter Cleopatra, surnamed

Syra, giving witliher Coele-Syria as a dowry, which he had taken away from Ptolemy himself, thus flattering the young king in order to keep him quiet To Ariarathes, during the war with the Romans. king of Cappadoeia, he sent his daughter Antiochis, Pergamus. and the remaining one to Eumenes, king of But the latter, about to seeing that Antiochus was engage in war with the Romans and that he wanted to form a man-iage connection with him on this account, refused her. To his brothers, Attalus and were Philetaerus, who surj)rised that he should decline marriage relationshipwith so great a king, also his neighbour and who made the first who was overtures, he pointed out that the coming war would but that the Romans be of doubtful issue at first, would prevail in the end by their courage and " If the Romans conquer," said he, perseverance. " If I shall be firmly seated in my kingdom. Antiochus is the victor, I may expect to be stripped I am of all my possessions by my neighbour, or, if by him." For allowed to reign, to be ruled over he the profferedmarriage. these reasons rejected

II 6. Then Antiochus went down

to the Hellespont chap
*'

to Chersonesus and possessed and crossed over himself of a large part of Thrace by surrender or ^"jran' under emimssy conquest. He freed the Greeks who were " ""* to the Thracians, and propitiated the subjection Byzantines in many ways, because their city was admirably situated at the outlet of the Euxine Sea.

113

APPIANS
CAP.

llOMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

FaXara?
"TKevri"^e?

re

tmv awfxdrwv. eaeaOai ol Sia ra /xeyeOr) kol he tovto e? e? "K(j)6aov fjbera Karfjpe, irpea-fSei'; 'Pa)/jir]v Avalav re kol 'HyrjacdvaKTa kol eirefxire

rrj"; irapaKaTairXrj^ei "tv iiiia)(iav vTrrjyero, a^Lo/jLcixov^ iqyov-

B(opoL"; koX

jxevo^

eairov^aaikea irepXrrjv ^Vwfiaiwv (piXtav haKOTa, KOL l3ov\ofjievov avToh elvaikol avfji/jLaxoi' otl tmv ev ^loivia Oaufid^eiV KeXeuovai civ ci^tMcri, kol dcfiLcrracrOai, TToXeMV rialv dcfycevat, fcal "^6pov^
Tov

^leVLTTTTOV,ot T(p flkv CpjUf CLTTOT?}?/SovXt}? Xoyay S' 6 Mez^iTTTTO? e/ieWov, tm Treipdcreiv e(f)rj

Tfj"i
eav

'Acrta?

evia

fxr]TToXvirpaypLovelv,kol
avrov

del

rwv

irpoyovwi'

Sp(iKr)i" yevojxevriv' drrep ov

TOL";

(piXoL^;

dXXd

rot?

TTjfcoTa^
LevTe";

eTTLKeXeveiv.

hiaTreipa, iirl acpcov drreKptvavTO avTol^, edv 'Ai^Tto;]^o? avTov6fiov"^ 'Acrt'a EupcoTrry? ia iv tou? T0U'i"KXX7]va"; /cal t?]? 'FQ}fjLaLOL"i dv d'7T6)(r]Tai,, avTov eaeaOai (plXov, iOeXrj. 7. Toadhe fiev direKpivavTO 'Vco/jLatoi, koX rd^; eireOeaav 6 B' alTla"i Tat"^ diroKpiaeaiv ovk ^AvTLOXO^ e? rrjv 'KXXdBa TTpcorrjv imvowv

rov^ KeKpaiirrrjixivoL^ Se avvol tt}? 7rpea^"ia"; Sid /Spaxeo^; d(f)LyfjL"V7]";,

i(j/3aXeLV, KaKelOev dp^aaOairov

tt/^o?'Pw/xatof?

Kap^vBovLO) rr^v yvco/xrjv tm TToXe/jLOU,vTrerlOero *AvvL/3a'6 8' e(/)"7 rr)V fiev 'LXXd^a "k iroXXov

Be iroXetov"^ epyov evx^ipwrov elvat, reTpv/j.evr]v fiov; diraai ^aA-eTTOu? ^ev oIkol Bid Xifiov rov 'PcoBe kol eiTiyiyvo^evov,

e^oy
^

fiaicov dyopd"^ (jeiv,

eurropovvrcov.
114

ov

TTore

AvriO)(ov
eKeXevev

KOV(^orepov"i' rd 'EXXdBc ev rfj KaOaipjjovv n

re

olKeia"ikoX 7rapaa-Kevr]"^ iKavrj^

TrpoXa/Setvrrj";

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

liebrought the chap By giftsand by fear of his resources because he considered that ^* Galatiansinto his alliance, for him by reason they would be good soldiers of their bodily size. Then he put in at Ephesus and sent as ambassadors to Rome Lysias,Hegesianax, and Menippus. They were sent reallyto findout the intentions of the SenateJ but for the sake of appearances Menippus said," King Antiochus, while strongly desirous of the friendship of the Romans and willing to be their allyifthey wish, is surprised that they urge him to give up the citiesof Ionia and to remit tribute for certain states, and not to interfere with certain of the of Asia and to leave Thrace alone, though it affairs has always belonged to his ancestors. Yours are but resemble orders not the exhortations of friends, given by victors to the vanquished." The Senate, to make a perceiving that the embassy had come '^ test of theirdisposition, repliedcurtly, If Antiochus willleave the Greeks in Asia free and independent, and keep away from Europe, he can be the friend of the Roman people if he desires." Such was the for answer of the Romans, and they gave no reason theirrejoinder. 7. As Antiochus intended to invade Greece first nannibd'a and thence begin his war against the Romans, he J^tlocL communicated his design to Hannibal. The latter said that as Greece had been wasted for a long time, the task would be easy ; but that wars which were the hardest to bear, by reason waged at home were of the scarcity which they caused, while those which foreign territory were in took place easier much to endure. Antiochus could never vanquish the Romans in Greece, where they would have plenty of home-grown corn and adequate resources. Hannibal

115

APPIAN'S
DAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

'IraXt'a?Ka\ rroXejuLelv 'VwI'va eKeWev opfJico/jLevov, o'.koi ra koI to, liaLOi"^ acfOeveaTepa y kol e^w. S' ifiTTeipw'^r e;^") koX ixvploi'^ rrj";'lTa\La";, ecpt], Svva/xai iiriKaipa, to, avhpdai KaraXa^elvavTrj"^ e? T6 Yiapxt^hovatow ^tXoi? eTnarelXai top Stj/jlov
"

"

69

airoaracnv

eyeipaL,

reo)? Bu(T(f"opovvTa icf)

'Pa"/jLaiOv"i aTrtcrTco? exovra, roXKoX Trpo? kol re /xrj"=; el ttvOolvtofxe eXTrtSo?i/j,7r\t]a6/jievov, ^YraKiav avOi^^ 6 S' dcr/xevo"i iropOovvra ttjv Tov uKOvaa^ \6yov, Koi fieya, coairep r)v, e? rov avTToXe/xov yyovuevo^i Kapxv^ova TTpoaXa^eiv, i/ceXevev. avTov TLKa eiridreXXeiv tol^ (f)iXoi"; iirecTTeLXe 8. 'O 8e ovK /xev {ov yap dacpaXk'^ tjyelroirw, ^Vwpiaiwv re irdvr dvepevvwp,evMv,Kal
eavTOv

rov
01

Kapxv^ovt, Kal ev hLa(^epopiev(i)v r^? TroXireia^; iyovar]^, a ovS' eva-Tade"^ ovSev /Se^aLov Kal /ler ^Apiarcopa S' rrjv Kapxv^'^^^)' oXlyov dveTpey\re e/jLTTopov TvpLov cVl 7rpo(f)(ioret t?}? e/nropLa^ orav "7r"/j,7re 7r/3o? tov"=; (f)LXov";, avr6"i e? ci^icov,
rrjv
^

tto) TToXe/jLOV/juj ctavepov yeyovora,

kol

ttoXXmv

'XraXiav lore eKeivov^ t)]V Kapxv ep./3dXr}, iyelpeiv. Kal 6 Bova e? dfJLVvav mv eireTrovOeaav Avvl^ov fiev 'Apiarov ovrco^ ol he tov
exOpo'i, alcrOo/xeroirrj'^
")"

eirpa^ev, ^ApLaTwvo^i

hia^oXrjv fit]e^aiperov e^oiev ol ^Avvl/3ov irpovOrjKe "^iXoL,

vvKTo";
oTi
^
^

epyot^, ve(orepot"i edopvlSovv (TTdiva irepuovTe^. 6 he,tW Tr]v e^7]Tovi'

eiri

koi

67rt5?;yuta? tov Apl'

XaOcov ypdiJLfxaTairpo tov ^ovXevrr/pLov, 6 Avvij3a"^ tov"; ^ovXevTd"i TrapaKaXoirj 7rdvra"i

jier

rrj iraTpihi (jwdcaaOai

TovTO

AvTLoxpv.
to

Kal
fiev

heo";i^^p7]T0 tmv
ii6

7rpd^a"i

dTreirXevaev. d/ia h' Vfiepa

^

Avvi^ov ^iXrov

e"

tt)?

Wpi-

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

therefore urged him to occupy some part of Italychap ^^ and make his base of operations there, so that the Romans both at liome and might be weakened " I have liadexperience of Italy,"he said, abroad. I can occupy the strategic '^and with 10,000 men pointsand write to my friendsin Carthage to stir up the people to revolt. They are already discontented with their condition,and mistrust the Romans, and they will be filledwith courage and hope if they hear that I am ravaging Italy again." Antiochus listened eagerly to this advice,and as he considered it the accession of Carthage a great advantage (as for his war, directed him to write to his friends
at

was) once.

did not write the letters,since he Hannibal did not consider it yet safe to do so, as the Romans Cartbaj^'c were n^"slen searching out everything and the war was not to yet openly declared,and he had many opponents in Carthage, and the city had no fixed or consistent policy the very lack of which caused itsdestruction not long afterward. But he sent Aristo, a Tyrian on the pretext of trading, merchant, to his friends, asking them when he should invade Italyto rouse Carthage to avenge her wrongs. Aristo did this, but when Hannibal's enemies learned that he was in the city they raised a tumult as though a revolution was impending, and searched everywhere to find him. But he, in order that Hannibal's friends might not be particularly accused, posted lettersin front of the senate-house secretlyby night, saying that Hannibal exhorted the whole senate to rescue the country with the help of Antiochus. Having done this he sailed away. In the morning the friendsof Hannibal were relieved of their fears by
"

8. Hannibal

in

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

iiTLVoLa^, ")? tt/oo? airaaav rrjv yepov"nav 0opv/3ov rj he ttoXi? eTre7r\i]pwro aTrearaXfiivoVy Xrjexovcra FcoixaLOL"i, ttolklXov, Svcr/JLevco'; fjiev aeaOau 8' ov irpoahoKwaa. 9. Kal ra {xev Kapxv^ovLOiv coSeet%e,'Fw/jiatwv 6 Kapxv8e 7rpeo-y5et?, erepoi re /cal Xklttlcov Somov"; ofioiav rrjv r/ye/xoviav, 69 a(j)e\6/jL"vo"; ^Kvtloxov uTroTreLpav t^9 re yvco/LLti^; ir"ixj)6evre^ rov iirel Koi tt)? '7rapaaK6vrj"; Karda-Keyfriv, ^acrtXea IltcrtSa?, irepieeV 'E0e(jft) rjvpov olxop'6Vove? rw Xoyov; Oapiva e? auvrjea-av /levov, evOa en KapxV^ovo"; re ovar](i evairov^AvvL^a, cr^iaLV ^AvTioxov iToXefxiov, KaraBov KoX ovTTw (f)ai'"po)"; Tov ^Avvl^avOTL TTjV irarplha4"vyoi,
aT(ovo";

/ji"/ji"^6fJL"vot
'P(o/iaL(ov ovBev ovre

e?

avrov

ovre

e? tov";

ciWov^i

Kapxv^ovLovi he eirpacraov

iirl rah

afxaprovTcop. avvOt]/"aL";

ipya^ofievoL yeveeic adai TO) /SaaiXel rov 'Avvi/Sav t^? avvexov"; o ojiCX-imT6 KoX crvvohov. koi tovO' jikv acpojv 6 Se ovx v'Trevorjaev, (TTparriyiKcoraTO^;'AvpL^a"i
rav6\
vTroirrov

virooirTevae, I3aai\"v^ 7rvOu/iem"i

kol

afi/3\vTepo"i

rfv TCLTTo
TL
rcov

TOvSe

TTLaTeveiv

ere

tm

e? avrov /cal^rjXov TrpovTrrju

yiyvo/jievwv rov 8' ev 10. Aiytrrat

KOI

eiraivov

'Awt/Sa?

Kai ^Avvi^a' yap kul fir] ijSi] cj^Oovov,

airoc^epoiro

ev rw ralcrSeraU hiarpi^al"^

rrore yvjJbvaaLUi \ecrxv^^^(^"^^

TTLCova

Sokoli] ipofievov iipearMrcov, ri"=; Kal rov SfCLTTLcovo^;

"

aWrjXov^; Zfciirpo'i ^AvvL^av rrepl "Trpari]yia"i ttoWwv

'Avvi/3av rov ol arpari-jyo^ dpLaro"; yeveaOaL, 6' XfCLTrlcova elrrelv, 6 MaKehwv W\"^av8po";" dpa 'AXe^avi^icmifMevov fxev eirl rjcrvxdcraL r(ph\
ii8

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

this afterthought of Aristo^ which implied that he chap. ^' had been sent to the whole senate, but the city was filled with all kinds of tumult, the people feeling bitterly toward the Romans, but despairing of avoiding detection. Such was the situationof affairs in Carthage. Roman 9. In the meantime ambassadors, and b.c. 192 who had humbled the Cartha-Roman among them Scipio, sent, like those of Antiochus, to dors^meet ginian power, were '''^ ascertain his designs and to form an estimate of his '"'"^ '^ strength. Learning that the king had gone to Pisidia, they waited for him at Ephesus. There they entered into frequent conversations with Hannibal, Carthage being still at peace with them They and Antiochus not yet openly at war. his country when the reproached Hannibal for flying ginians Romans had done nothing to him or to the Carthain violation of the treaty. They did this in order to cast suspicionon Hannibal in the mind of the course king owing to hisprotracted conversations and interwith themselves. This Hannibal, although a most profound military genius,failedto perceive,but the king, when he learned what had been going on, did suspect him, and was more reluctant to give him hisconfidencethereafter.There wasalreadyan underlying lest in his feelingof jealousy mind, and envy Hannibal should carry off the glory of his exploits. 10. It is said that at one of theirmeetings in the Colloquy gymnasium Scipioand Hannibal had a conversation on Hannibal in the presence of a number se?Jo^"n the subject of generalship, of bystanders,and that Scipioasked Hainiibal whom to which the latter he consideredthe greatest general, On this Scipio "Alexander of Macedon." replied, place made no comment,yielding,asitseemed, the first
119

^^JJ^j^

APPIAN'S
CAP.

UOMAN
rt?

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Spo), i-KavepicrOatSe

^avhpov. Kal
T7]v

"

rov

(jidvaL,
ryv
eartv

S"VT"po"i /jlct 'AXeel'r] Hvppo"; 6 'HTref/OcoTT;?,"

ev

dperrjv apa
01)

a-rpaTijyiKtjv

toX/jlt] riOe-

jxevov

yap

evpelv pie"yd\.OTo\pbOTepov"=;

TOivhe t6)v ^aaiXewv. haKvofJievov 8' 7/S?;tov BlSoltj 6/Mco"; to, tlvl ^KiTTLoyva eiravepeaOat en
rpiTa, ra^y
yovv
ra eXiri^ovra e^eiv
"

rpiTa.

rov

Se,
T"

"

e/iauTW,"
eKpciTTjaa,

(pdvar
Kal arparw

V"o";

^\/3r}pia^ jap mv en "AXireia oprj /xeO' ra

re

'Hpa"\ea
v/iMV

dywva dvearrjaa darij, Kal irepl rfjiroXei rov jxoL XPVf^f^'^^^^ iroXXaKL'^ v/jLLV iirean^aay ovre Kapxv^ovo"^.^^ "k ovT" aTpana"i eTriTrefiTrop^evrj^; 6 ^kittlcop i i]v ft)? he avTov elSev diropLrjKvvovTa 8' av eavroioefivoXoyuav, "(j)'r] yeXdaa";, ttov w ^Avvi^a,/irj vevLKij/xevof; vir ifxov;^' eraTTe?, Se TOV ^T/XoruTrta? alaOavofievovySr]
"

tt)?^ 6appovpTO(;, rerpaKocna ovBevo'^TTO) "fi^aXci)v

tt/owto?

e? vTreprjXOov,

^IraXtav,

(paaiv,
on ovTco

elirelv dvSpou.

eycoye

irpo 'AXe^era^a ti] eirejieive re fiev 6 ^Avvi^a"i

av

t"}?

e/navrov

Kal rov ^KiTTLcovaXadcov eOepdirevaev rov ft;? KaOeXovra ajxtivova ^AXe^dvBpov Be II. ALaXuo/jLEvr](; avvoBov 1.KL7TLwva/lev r?'}? Be iXOelv av iirl^evia ifcuXei, 6 ^AvvLl3a"; '^kl-ttIwv
aepvoXoyta,

el fit)avvP](Tdavvv Avno^fp fidXa Trpo^y/xo)?, ecf)7] viroirrcd^ TTyoo? 'Po)/xaLov"; e')(ovn. a)Be/nev eKelvoi,
rr}v e^Opav copu^ovro roU arparyyla^ d^L(o";, dvofioi(i)";. B'' ^jXafJLLvlvo^ TToXeyctoi?, rjrrjjOevros rrj^

yap

rov ^Avvi^av cf)"vyovra erepa Kal dXro/ievovTreplBL0vvLav,7rp"a^ev(ov, e(f"'

vcTTepov

^AvrLoy^ov

I20

THE
to

SYRIAN

WARS

Alexander, but proceeded to ask Hannibal whom he chap. ^^ placed next. Hannibal replied,"Pyrrhus of Epirus/' because he considered boldness the first quahfication find to two kings a general ; for it is not possible of more rather enterprising than these. Scipio was he asked Hannibal nettled by this,but nevertheless he would give the third place, expecting to whom that at least the third would be assigned to him ; but Hannibal replied," To myself ; for when I was 1 conquered Spain and crossed the Alps man a young with an army, which no one after Hercules ever did. I invaded Italyand struck terror into allof you, laid waste 400 of your towns, and often put your city in extreme peril,all this time receiving neither money As Scipio saw nor reinforcements from Carthage." likely to prolong his self-laudationhe that he was " said,laughing, Where would you have placed yourself, been had defeated by Hannibal, if you not Hannibal, now me replied, perceiving his jealousy, " I should have put myself before Alexander." but Thus Hannibal persisted in his self-laudation, by suggesting flatteredScipio in a delicate manner that he had conquered one who was the superior of Alexander.^ 11. At the end of this conversation Hannibal invited Scipio to be his guest, and Scipio replied that he would have come gladly if Hannibal were held in suspicion not living with Antiochus, who was Thus did they, in a manner by the Romans. worthy of great commanders, cast aside their enmity at the Not so Flamininus, for,at a later end of their wars. period when Hannibal had fled after the defeat of Antiochus and was wandering around Bithynia,hesent
"

.''

This tale is oonsiderfsdby meet

a fiction. modern critics

121

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
ovre
rt

HISTORY,
^

BOOK

XI

TTpo? ]]povaLaVy

dcov, ovre
en

AvviBov Trpona'Fcofjuaicov ovre ivreiXa/jiivcov, (^o^epov

irpo^ rod

KareavTol^ yevecrOathvvdfievovK.ap')(rjS6vo"i

"kt"IV" aTpa/ji/ji"v^]";,

Sia

rov irore

Xeyo/jievov fjiev eax^Kevai

"

Upovalov (^apfxaKWy y^prjafiov wSe e^ovra

koi ^wXo? ^Kvvl^ovBefia^/ Al^vacraKpv^\reL 5' eari ev TTorayLto? Al^ut) olofxevov jedi^ij^eaOai, ck BiOvvia, koi irehiov Ai^vaao^ev rf) rod rrorafjLov Ai^vaaa. koi rdSe fiev e? v7r6fMvr)/ia t?}?

^Avvi/Sov pieya\ovoia"; koX ^\a Kol I.KL'Kiayvo^

7rape6e/jLr)v. ULvlvovcrfiiKp6rT]ro"i
Ill

^Y'

UictiSmv e? rrjv "Ec})"(70 irpearol"^ 'F(o/iaLQ)v eiravrjei, kol 'X^pTjjiariaa^ To^tou? fMeu koi Bv^avriov^ /3e(TL Kal Kv^iKrj'Aalav elaiv vov"^, Kal 6a 01 ciWoi irepl rr)v "EXKrjve'^, avrov6fWV"; e7Tr]yry"L\aro edaeLV, el Alo'Vcofiauov^, avvOrjKaL 7rpo"; yiyvoivro avrw co? i/ciroWov ov \ea"; Se /cal "l(ova"i avv"')(^copeL roL"i ^ap/3dpoL"; ^aaikevcTL *A(TLa"i eWi12. 'O S' 'Avrloxo^ "K
Kol

rrj^

VTTaKoveiV. (7fjLevov";

oi

jiev

'Vwfiaiwv '7rpea/3"i Srj

eir

"9

(ov yap epyo) ovji^aivovre^ "? diroiTeipav eXifKvOeaav aXV av/j,/3d(7e(ov

ovSev
avru)

M^ovTO

e?

'VcoijL7]v' 'Avrwxfp

^' V^^ov AircSkwv

re

wv TTpea/Sei^,

0oa9 VPX^^' avroKpdropd

arpar-

THE
an

SYRIAN

WARS

embassy to King Prusiason other matters, and, chap. ^' although he had no orievance against Hannibal, and had no orders from the Senate,and Hannibal could Hannibais" ^^^^^ no longer be formidable to them, Carthage having fallen,he caused Prusias to put him to death by a story that Hannibal once poison. There was

receivedan oraclewhich said: " Libyssan earth shallcover Hannibal's remains."

So he believed that he should die in Libya. But there is a river Libyssus in Bithynia, and the of Libyssa from country takes the name adjoining the river. These things I have placed side by side
as

memorials of the magnanimity of Hannibal and Scipioand of the smallness of Flamininus.

HI 12. Antiochus,
on

his return

from

Pisidia to

chap.
^^ntiochus

Ephesus entered upon the business with the Roman ambassadors,and promised to leave the Rhodians,the

Byzantines,the Cyzicenes,and the other Greeks of Asia free and independent if the Romans would

Q^refce

make a treaty with him ; but he would not release the Aetolians and the lonians,since they had long been accustomed to obey even the barbarian kings to no agreeof Asia. The Roman ambassadors came ment
in fact,they had not come to make an agreement, but to findout his purposes. So they Thereupon an Aetolian embassy returned to Rome.
"

with him

came

to Antiochus, of which Thoas

was

the principal
123

APPlAiN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

d7ro(f)aivovT"(;, r]yov AiTa)\a)P W.inLO)(^ov KaX BiairXelv e? ri]V 'EWdBa yBrj TrapaKoXovvre^; ""? iiri epyov eroifiov. ovBe elwv uvafiei "lv rrjv arpaTidv 'Acrta? dvco Kanovcrav, dWd CLTTO

T?}?

T?}?

AItcoXmv

koX virepeTraipovTe^,

rd AaKehaifioviov^

eTrayyeWo/JievoL

^lXittttov eVl to'? ^laKehova, 'VcofiaioL^ firjvlAaKehaifJiovioL^rov iiTea-Trep^ov ovra, e? Tr)V Sid^aaLV. avpLfia-x^rjaeLV,

a^iai koI

6 8' ripe6i^"T0 Kol ovSe rov [JbdXa Kov"j)ovco"s, iraiSo^avT(p TrpoaayyeXOivro^ iv ^vpia reOvdvai 6pfir]"i TL ivhov^, Si"7r\ei fierd fiupicov"v rore

T/}?

6t%e fiovcov

69

Ev^oiav.

7rap"(TT}]aaro diraaav,

Mi/clOlcovSe, avrov '"o)/xaLOt"; eTTiiTeaaiv

tou? 'AttoXXwi/o?) i^(t)ypr]cr6V.

rot? arpaT-^iyo^;,

ireplA7]Xiov {lepov5' earl to ^(wpiov S' eicreive, Tov"i jiev avrcov

p.ev auro? ri]vhe evhovaav viro eK7r\rj^e(j

koI

13. 'AfivvavSpofi re, 6 ^AOafxdvcov (3aaLX6i)";, e?

Sid roidcrBe irpo^Avri6')(W (TV/jLfia')(iav cFvv?fx6e

roiv Ma/ceSovcov 'AXefai^S/ao?, rL"i eV (f)d(7"0)"i. Me7aX?; iroXei kol avrodi vroXtTfta? Tpa(pu"; t"}9 irepaTevero yevo"; AXe^dvhpw rw ^iXIttd^icodeL'^,
^

TTOV

uivofxacjev, ol iraiha^; 'AXe^lXlttttov iXoyoTTolei, kol re 6? ^avSpov irpo^ ydfiov Kal ^Airdfjiav, rjv AfJLVvdvhpcp 6 dheX"^o" 8' dyaycov ^iXiTnro'i avrr^v Vyyvrjcrev. ^A/xvvavBpov elSevdaOevi] rov 69 Tov ydpbov,iirel Bid irapefxeve, rrjv dpyn-jv Kal Trpay/idrcovdireipov, ^lXlttttov 6 Blolko.v. tovtov ovv tov TO KrjSo"; ^AvTiO'^o"^ TOTe 6*9 Tr]v MaKcSovcov eTTeXTTL^cov dpy^r]v0)9 olKeiav ol irpoaiXa/Se tol"? Kard^eiv, \\Oa/idva^ "9 Tr]v avfjL/u,a)(^Lav, eVl 8* avT0c"; Kal
TTLCTTU'
o)v
^

7rpocr)]K6Lv,yevo/jLevov^ re

124

THE

SYKIAN

WARS

him the command of the Aetohan cnAP. member, offeriiiij Ill forcesand urging him to embark for Greece at once, in readiness there. They would as everything was not allow him to wait for the army that was coming from upper Asia, but by exaggerating the strength of the of the Aetolians and proinisingthe alliance Lacedaemonians and of Philipof Macedon in addition, who was angry with tlie Romans, they urged his crossing. His head was quite turned by excitement, death his son's news did even nor the of in Syriadelay him at all. He sailedto Euboea m ith 10,000 men, who were allthat he had at the time.
possession of the whole island, which surrendered to him through panic. Micithio,one of his generals,fellupon the Romans at Delium (a place some to killed them^ took the and of Apollo), sacred took
rest prisoners.

He

13. Amynander, king of the Athamanes, leagued Amynander A Joi"3l""" himself with Antiochus for the followingreason. certain Macedonian, named Alexander, who had been educated at Megalopolis and admitted to citizenship descendant of a there, pretended that he was Alexander the Great, and to make people believe his fableshe named his two sons Philip and Alexander The latter he betrothed and hisdaughter Apama. Her brother Philip conducted her to Amynander. he saw to the nuptial ceremony, and when that was Amynander weak and inexperienced he remained there and took charge of the government by By holding out to this virtue of this connection. Philipthe hope that he would restore his ancestral kingdom of Macedonia to him, Antiochus secured the He secured that of the of the Athamanes. alliance

125

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
e?

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI
re

avTo"; %7]^aiov^,

St]^a"i irapeXOoiv

kuI

Br]firjyopr](Ta";. 'O fiev Br) %r)^aioi"; re koI ^A/ivvdvSpo) /cal A'rwXot? cttI roawhe vroXe/jirppcaka /jbaraLO)^ eOdppei,Kol e? SeaadXiav iaKoireu iroTepov "v6v"; Beoc arpareveLV' ^KvvilSav S' eirl fierd')(eLpoiva

rj

ry
Tov

eKeXeve r}(jvj(^d^ovTa cTKeyjreL TJjBe

jvco/jltjv irpwou

iaeveyKelv. 14. *0 8'

vvv
ecre

"

"(f)7],

@ecrcra\oL;?/xev

Bva'Xj^ph,

e'^eXot?, vrn-dyeaOai. fierd ^(^eip.cova ae TO TreTrovrjKO'ie? re yap eOLO"; i/c ttoWov 'Fo)pLaLov"; tl av, 6l vvv yiyvoiTO vecoKoX "9 3' avev ijXdofiev repov, [xeTa^akelrai. t^9 olKeia^ AltcoXol'^ eirdyovav TreiaOevre^ Bvvdfie(ii";, kol on AaKeBaipbovioi koI ^LXc7nro";r)pL7,v av/jup^ax^jaov kol AaKeBai/iioviov(; MV p,ev iroXepeiv rjplv aKOvo) pL"T A'yaioiv ^IXinrTTOvBe ovy^ opoi gov irapovra, Bvvarov ev rwBe tw iroXepiw oirorepwa-e poTrrjv, Be yvco/irji; exopat ttj^ irpoaOoLTO,TTOirjaaL. r-^? diro rri"i 'Acrta? KaXelv on avrrf^, rrjv arpartav KOL p7] ev ApiVvdvBpw kol AItcoXol"; rd^ Td')(^LaTa, B^d(^iKrjTai, orav iXiTiBa^e')(eiv, rrjv^lraXiav irop-

elre

''

Kaicol^ nepiairodpevoi rd ad toI^ olKeloi"^ BeBiore^ ijKLara, rcov XviTcocriv kuI Trepl acperepcov TrpoicotTLv.6 Be t/jotto? ovkW^ 6poio";Oj

6elv, "va

p)]Bapov

to p.ev i^ptav r"v vecov rd ')(pr} 'IraXta? iropOelv, to Be rjpiav irapdXia r?}? Be avTov e? ra vavXox^LV ecfieBpevov crvpcpepopeva, 'EWaSo?, ae T(p Tre^fp iravrX 7rpoKa6)]pevov r?}? 'IraXta?, Bo^avepLTrouelif dyyov T)]"i kol ia^oX?]^,

irpovXeyov, dXXd

126

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

Thebans also by going himself to Thebes and making chap. ^" a speech to the people. He was emboldened to enter upon this great war relying most rashly on the Thebans, Amynander, and he debated wliether to invade and the Aetolians, or Thessaly at once after the winter had passed. But as Hannibal expressed no the opinion on Antiochus, before coming to a decision, subject, asked him his views. to reduce Hannibal 14. Hannibal replied," It is not difficult or at the end of winter, if the Thessalians either now ^^^^^^^ by Exhausted they much suffering will you wish. Romans, to to now if the you, and again any change We have here come befalls you. without misfortune Aetolians, to own, our trusting the who any army of Lacedaemonians here brought us and said that the Of these I hear that the us. and Philip would join Lacedaemonians are actually fighting on the side of the Achaeans against us, and as for Philip I do not see him here helping you, although he can turn the scale of this war for whichever side he favours. I hold the same opinion as before, that you should summon your army from Asia as quickly as possible and the and not put any reliance on Amynander comes, Aetolians. When carry the war your army into Italyso that they may be distracted by evils at as home, and thus harm you as little possible,and for fear fall of what may bemake no advance movement themselves. The plan I spoke of before is no but you ought to employ half of your longer available, fleet in ravaging the shores of Italy and keep the other half lying in wait for opportunities while you station yourself with all your land forces at some making a feintof invasion point in Greece near to Italy, 127

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Be ireipael hvvaio irore, koI ea^aXelv. ^^lXlttttov aOai fiev TrpoadyeaOai /xrj^avfj irXela-TOve? irdcrr}, hvvu ^evov ev 8' eKareoov^ rwSe tw 7ro\e/Jifp "f]v rov aov '%e\evKoviTrtire/jLirei direiOf), vlov avTw Sid SpaKr]";,7va fcaloSe irepLairooiievu'^ ol/ceLoi"; KaKOL"; roL"; fj 7ro\"fiiOL"; jjirjhev ')(^pi](nfMO";.'^ ToadBe fi(v 6 Kvvi^a"^ el-ne, koi rjvdpiara re avrov kol Bo^rj'^ Trdvrwv vtto Be ^96vovt/)"? avvea-eco'i ov)( rjcraop 6 oi re ciXXot koI avTo"; Xva p.))Bokoit) 6 'Avvl/Sck; ^aaikev^iy Ty acj^cov icrofievcov tojv rj Bo^a (TrpaTT^yia irpoc^epeLV, puriBe eKeivov 'yevoiro, /xedPjfcav diravTa, TrXrjV otl iirl rrjv arparidi' "? ryv A.aiav Ylo\v^eviBa";
''

eTrep^cfiOTj.

15. 'Pco/iaLOi S' iirel

'EXXttSa ^AvTi6')(^ov Kol TOiv eiri Ar]\iov 'YwjJiaiwv dvaipecred)^ iirvdovro,iroXere kol ua^ aL')(fia\coa ovtm fielv ey^rfc^iaavTo, p,"v 6 ^Avti6)(0Vre koX 'Vcofialcov Bl viTovoia"i dWrjTToXe^to?, "K ttoWov
Xot?
rore irpdrov uTrepp/jyvvro e? epyov jev6p,evo";, ^Avrco^ov rr]";re *Acrta? tT/? dvco ttoWmv ola 8' Kol fieyd\(oveOvcov kol rf}";eirlOaXdaarj, xwpl'^ oXiycov,oXt;? eTriKparovvro'^,e? re rr]v KvpdiTrTjv
koi BialBe^ilKoro^ yBrj,

e? tj}? eV/^oXr}? r^}?

rrji/

kol Bo^aveir'n^olBov irapa-

aKevifV

iKavrjV

erepcdv
rjv

e^eipyaapbevov
avrw, rov

e'^ovro^, rroKkd re Xa/xTrpd, Bi*

iroXepiov

dWa
kol

KaO'
pLeya";

ol y^poviov or(j)icri Kal pueyav eaeadai TrpocreBoKcov. ^iXiirTrov rov ^laKeBova Bl re elxov, uTro-vJrta? dpri VTTO K.apxvKaraTreiroXepniiievov, /cal acpojv BovL')V";, waiv fiT) ov TTicrrol eirX rai";
avvO/jKaa, 'AvvL/Sov
128

eTTCovu/jLov

'Voy/ialot

a"j)i.cnv

(Twovro^

'Avrio^fp,

rov";

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

and invading it in realityany time you may be able.chap. to make an alliancewith Philip, Try by every means because he can be of the greatest service to whichever side he espouses. If however he will not consent, Thrace, send your son Seleucus against him by way of be distracted by troubles so that Philip likewise may at home, and prevented from furnishing aid to the Such were the counsels of Hannibal, and enemy." the best of all that were they were offered; but, of his reputation and judgment, moved by jealousy the other counsellors,and the king himself no less,
cast them allaside lest Hannibal should
seem

to

excel

them in generalship,and lest the glory of the exploits sent to should be his except that Polyxenidas was Asia to bring the army. heard of the irruption of b.c. I9i l.j. When the Romans Antiochus into Greece and the killingand capturing Romans Thus war fJ^^'^J of Romans at Delium, they declared war. first actually broke out between Antiochus and the Romans, who had long suspected each other. So
"

great was the dominion of Antiochus, who was ruler of many powerful nations of upper Asia, and of all invaded but a few on the sea coast and who had now Europe ; so formidable was his reputation and so considerable famous had so so his resources, many and been his exploits against other peoples, from which he had earned the title of Great, that the Romans would be long and severe anticipated that this war They had their suspicions also of Philip for them. of Macedon, whom they had latelyconquered, and of to the Carthaginians also, lestthey should prove false the treaty because Hannibal was cooperating with

Antiochus. They also suspected their other

subjects,
129

APPIAN'S
CAP.
re

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI
jxr) nai

aX\ov";
rovrcov

vjrrjKoovf; a(p(ov
ri

vTrovoovvre^;,

irapa
viK(o";

vecorepov
e?

e?

t^i'

^Avrioxov

So^av

yevoLTO,

cTTpariav
auTot?,

a7ravTa"i,

icfiehpevew eiprj-

Koi

aTpaT7]yov^

eirl tj} arpaTia,

TrepieTrefMTTOv,ov"^
ore
rwv viraTwv

avrol Kokovcnv e^aTreXe/cea hvooheKa TreXe/cecn koX BvcoBefca

wairep ol TrdXai ^aaikeU, ^pw/ieVwj', pd^BoL"i, TO eart T";9 d^La)ae(o"i rjfjLLcrv TotcrBetol"s arpar(jd^ 6'iv fieyaXw irapdryy-ijia. 'IraXta? ^6/3(p, fir)ov8^ eheipiaivov, KoX irepl Ti]"i iir' AvnoxfpavTrj o-(f)i"TLV fiTncrrr) 7) ^e^aLO"; St]TTokvv "9 TdpavTa hieTTepiiTOv,

777049 Kol

TO,

rj/xLoea

'

TTC^ov

e^ehpeveuv
TrapaXiov

TOL"i

eiTLOvaL,

Kol

vewv

"TToXo"s Trjv

TrepieTrXet. roaoaSe (^6(3o^ rjv Wvrioxov rd Trpcora. co"; Be avTOL"; rd "9 rrjv dpxv^ avveTerd^Avtloxov ijBi] KareXeyov ycLTO Trdvra, eir avTov dvBpo^, diro diro uev acbojv avTMV "9 Biapivplovf; TOiv TO 06 a"^ oiTTKaacov, apua ro) t)pi avjjLiJLayjodv
Tov

^\6vLQV Bial3aXovvre";.
16. Kat

yeipwva oXcv iv tovtw TrapaaKevYj'^ r^aav, 6 5' *Ai^Tto;\;o9 -IjXauvev eVi, SeTTaXov'?, Kal yevopievos iv Kui^o9 K"(^a\al"^ 'Po) MaKeSoaiv iTTa tafia vrro TO tol^ pealo)v tvda iyeyevtjTO, Xeiirava twv ireaovTwv ra tots UTacpa Brjpboicoiroyv "Ti ovTa "9 pbeyaXoiTpeirw^ eOairre, Ma/":eSoi'a9, avTol^ Bia^dXXwv ov koX ^iXiiTirov

ol fMev

tov

ojv virkp avTov ttvOoire(T6vTa"=;. eTC pevo^ 6 ^iXiiriro^,iiBoid^cov Kal TrepiaKO-rrayv avTiKa OTTOTepwae eXXeToTa P(op,aia"r, TrpoadoiTO,

Od^avTa T0U9

dpxovTd Ta'09 (TTpaT'qyov avTMv, TrXriGLOV aTpaTov, KaXeaa^ eXdelv 69 tl %ft);Otoi/, iBlBov'Pa"yxatoi9 dB6Xa)"i avpfiaxyBai/Siov
T"

7riaTei"; avdi";
130

THE

SYRIAN

WARS
chap

of all the provinces to watch them without provoking With them were hostilities. sent praetors, whom because while the consuls have they callsix-axe men, the kings twelve bundles of rods and twelve axes (as these praetors have only half the before them

lest they too should rebel in consequence of the fame Antiochus. For these reasons they sent forcesinto

had),

dignity of the consuls and half the number of insignia of office.The peril being so great, they were anxious disaffection be some about Italy also,lestthere should They therefore sent a or revoltagainst them there. large force of infantryto Tarentum to guard against an attack in that quarter, and also a fleetto patrol chus the coast. So great was the alarm caused by Antioeverything appertaining to at first. But when the government at home was arranged, they raised an against Antiochus himself, 20,000 army to serve from the cityand double that number from the allies, Adriatic in the with the intention of crossing the early spring. Thus they employed the whole winter in making preparations for war. 16. Antiochus marched against the Thessalians to Cynoscephalae, where the Macedonians and came had been defeated by the Romans, and findingthe a remains of the dead stillunburied, gave them favour with the magnificent funeral. Thus he curried Macedonians and accused Philip before them of leaving unburied those who had fallenin his service. Philip had been wavering and in doubt PMiip Until now he heard of which side he should espouse, but when He invited RimaVs* the Romans at once. this he joined Baebius, their general, who was in command of an army in the neighbourhood, to a rendezvous,and gave 131

APPIAN'S
CAP. 111
oreiv
,
r

ROMAN Avrioyov.

HISTORY,

BOOK
avrov
"

XI

fcaz
V

e6'
'

ok
'

6 BaLSLo";
oca

eirrjvei,

/cat

uapp)}aa"i

ZJ

'

avTL/ca

s^

evre/xTre

t?;?

^laKeSovla^ "Attttlov KXavStov /jLera BlctxlXlcov Secraa^Lav. teal 6 "ATTTTfo? airo tcoiwe^MV "9 Ihoov AvTLO-xov Aapiarj irapaKaO rjfjievov Tejjbiroiv
^

TTvp iroXv -rp/eipev,eiriKpvTTTWv r-qv oXiyorrjra. 6 'Ai^TtoYo?, ft)? 3aL^Lov KOI Kal ^ikiirivov irapovTcov

rrjv TroXtopKiav, 7rp6oiarapax6ei";,i^eXiire KaXKiBa Tov o"^, Kal e? yeipuiava ttolovij^i (paatv evirpeirov^ epcort, a\ov"i, ev9a K6pr}"^ TraprjXOev, kol VTTep 6T7] irevrrjKOVTa 'yeyovco'^ roaovSe ttoXc/u^ov kol Bca^epcov, iTavrjyvpeL"s rjye, kol eOve yd/jLou^; rrjv ovva/xtv e? Traaav 67rltov apyiav kol Tpv(pt"v S' r)po"; dp)(^o/j.evou ifu^aXclov oXov dvrjfcev. ')(eilJio}va tov tf? AKapvaviav jxev rrj"idpyia"i jjcrdeTO aTpaTov Svaepyov tt/oo? diravTa ovto^, kol t6t6 twv yd/xwv
^

avTU)

KOL

Tfi";Travqyvpeo}^ fieTefieXev
Tr]"^ KKapvavla^y
^

8' '6ix(D^ Tiva \jb"vo^

TOV

kcli

virayayotcl XoLira

'Vcofxacov^; TToXiopKOiVy eVel Td')(^iaTa eTTvdeTO irepav

^lopiop,e?

xLaX/ciBadve'^evyvv.

IV
CAP.
tots tol^ "TOLfioL"; cnrovBr}"; Stcr/xvpLOL"f BLcrx^XtOL^; kol iTTTrevcn /cal Tre^ot? 'AklXlou ^lavLOv tktlv, iXecpaal riyovpievov crcficov AiroXXwvi'w e/c BpevTeaiov BiaTXa/3pLcoi o"=;, e? /3aXouT6"; Kal ra? TroXec^; eirl"ecrcraXta? i^dBi^ov 8' ^aav rfBr) TUiv i^eXuov TToXiopKiMV, ev 6"Tai"; *A0afidv(OP ra? i^i/3aXXov. Kal
^

17. 'PwAtatot 8' UTTO

"f)povpaL,(f"poupd";

132

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

fresh pledges of faitliful alliance against Antiochus. chap. '^^ Baebius praised hiin for this,and felt emboldened to foot send Aj^pius Claudius straightway with 2000 Ajjpius into Thessaly. When through Macedonia arrived at Tempe and from that point saw Antiochus besieging Larissa,he kindled a large number of fires to conceal the smallness of his force. Antiochus thought that Baebius and Philip had arrived, and became panic-stricken,abandoned the siege on the pretext that it was winter, and retreated to Chalcis. in love with a pretty girl, There he fell and, although he was supporting above fiftyyears of age and was the burden of so great a war, he celebrated his nuptials and allowed his army with her, gave a public festival, to spend the whole winter in idleness and luxury. he made a descent upon AcarWhen spring came nania, where he perceived that idleness had unfitted his army for every kind of duty. Then he repented of his marriage and his public festival. Nevertheless he reduced a part of Acarnania and was besieging the rest of its strongholds when he learned that the Romans were crossingthe Adriatic. Then he returned to Chalcis. at once

IV
crossed hastilyfrom Brundusium chap. Ionia with the forces that were to A} then ready, ;o! being 2000 horse, 20,000 foot,and a few elephants, cross the

17. The

Romans

of Acilius Manius Glabrio. under the command They marched to Thessaly and relieved the besieged cities. They expelled the enemy's garrisons,from the towns of the Athamanes and made a prisoner of

133

APPIAN'S
CAP.
TOP

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

yieya\o7ro\LTr]p ^IXlttttov alxt^uXoirov

rrjv
^

eXa^ov,

MaKsBovcov ap'x^i'jv.elXov he AvTLOxeiwv e? Tpiay^LXiov^. a/ia 8e fcal rcov 6 Maz^fo? ravra /cal 6 ^iXiinro^ e? elpyd^ero, A.0afjuaviav irdaav avTr]v virrjKOov eXae/jL/SaXcoi' 6 e? ^A/i0paKLav. mp ^"v, AfivvavSpou ^vyovTO^
en iXiri^ovTa
^

^AvTLOXO^

yaOero, "9 re rr^p ^Aaiap a\Xov"^ iir dXXoc"; iTrta-irepx^tv e? r7]p Bid^aa-ip, UoXv^epiSap "7re/x7r6P 8" 6(T0V"; auTO? a;^e, irapra^oOtp avpe/cdXei. "yepoK rwp avru) Kai fiepwp oI"c6L(i)p jjlIp fivployp ttc^mp he rovroi^ LTTTrecop TrePTaKOCTLcop, Kal tlpcop crv[xeirl Sep/ioTTvXa^ ft)9 T)]p Sva')(^copLap fjLd-)((DP, xareXa/Sep
Tore

re, rcop koI ryp o^vTrjra alaOap6/jLep6"; ""? eVt jLypo/jLepcop KaTaTrXayei'^, eSeicrep alcfyptBl kol Appl(3ov Kal ra^eia fiera^oXfj, ev^ovXlaf; t?}?
^

'Acrta? dpa/jLepMP* SioSo"; 8' eaTlp al SepfioTTvXai aTepi] Kal i7rt/j.'^KT)";, Kal avTr]p Trepiey^eL TJi tjj Be eXo^ jjLep OdXaaaa Tpa-yela Kal dXLfiepo";,

tol"; 7roXe/iLOL"iKal 7rpo/3aXovfievo";

top

aTpaTOP

e/c

T?}?

d(3ar6pT6
avTTj
ovPTa

Kal

TOTTc^

hvo opcop aTTOKprj/jiPOL, fiep 'Yei')(^i koI tovtcjp KaXovcTi ttjp he KaXXlBpo/iop. exei Be 6 OepfJLOiP Kal ^epfioirvXai diro vBdrcopTrrjyd^, BlttXovp6
ein tcop
^

re ^apaOpwBe^. Kopvcj^al elalpev

TOvB^ eTTLKXrjt^OPTai. 18. Tetvo? ovp ePTavOa

o)Kooo/j,rjaaTO,
69 eTreOrjKep.
re
kul

Avrioyo'^
T6t;^09

ra?

jirj^apa^

to

Ta9

XdOoi Kara ttjp Xeyofiepyp Brj Kal AaKeBaipLOviOL^i rot? fj OLTpaTTOP TrepieXOdiP, totc Aewpihap B,ep^y]"; dfji(^l eireOeTO,u(f"vXdKTcop TMP AItcoXoI Be ')(lXIov"; puep eKarepw opcop oPTcop.

dpeTrejLiyjre, iirj Tt?

Kopv"f)d"i opMP

AItcoXov'^

ra)pBe
134

tcop

uKpcop eireari^aap,

Tol"i Be Xoi7roL"i

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

that Philip of Megalopolis who was still expecting chap. They also captured about the throne of Macedonia. 3000 of the soldiersof Antiochus. While Manius doing these things, Philip made a descent was upon Athamania and brought the whole of it into fleeing to Ambracia. King Amynander subjection, When Antiochus learned these facts, he was terrified

by the swiftness of events and by the suddenness of the change of fortune, and he now perceived the wisdom of Hannibal's advice. He sent messenger after messenger to Asia to hasten the coming of Polyxenidas. Then from all sides he drew in what forces he had. These amounted to 10,000 foot and 500 horse of his own, besides some allies, with which he occupied Thermopylae, in order to put this Antiochus difficult pass between himself and the enemy while ThSmo^'^^'^^ waiting for the arrivalof his army from Asia. The flanked pass at Thermopylae is long and narrow, on the one side by a rough and harbourlesssea and It is on the other by a deep and impassable morass. called overhung by two precipitous peaks, one The Teichius and the other Callidromus. place also hot springs,whence comes the name contains some Hot Gates). Thermopylae (the 18. There Antiochus built a double wall on which he placed his engines. He sent Aetolian troops to to prevent occupy the summits of the mountains anybody from coming round secretlyby way of the famous path by which Xerxes had come upon the Spartans under Leonidas, the mountains at that being Aetolians One time thousand unguarded. The remainder encamped occupied each mountain.

135

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

eavrwv rreplTroXtv'HpaKXeLav. tarparoTTtSevopi(f)' 6 Be Maffo? eVel KarelBe tt]p tcov TroXefiicov irapakoI Bvo tcov arjfiecov eBwKev e? ew fxayrj'^(TKevrjv, ^lapKOV ]^drcova fcalAevKiov Ovak')(^i\Ldp')((i)v ipiov, eKeXevcre vvkto^, iTrcXe^a/nevov^ cKarepov iOeXot, ra OTTotJoy? oprj TrepieXOecv koI tou? AItcoXov^ diro twv aKpcoi", oirrj Bvvaivro, jBid,

6 fiev AevKLO"i aTre/cpovcrOr] rov aaaOaL. rovTCOv AltcoXmv "yevoTei;^ioDi^Tov, evravOa rwv ci'yaOaiv KaXXiBpo/xco Trapaarparofievcov 6 Be Kdrcop tw ix^poU eireireae gtl rot? kol/jL(o/jl"Voi"; ireBevaa'i, avTOr kul ttoXv'^ ayu,^' Treplia-^dTrjv cf)vXaK}]V, Kai iyuyveTO dycov, /Sia^ofievov airoe? vylr7]X^t' Be kuI rwv TroXe/jLicov. rjBy] KcoXvovroiv Kp7]/j,i'a ^Avriox^p Mai^io? eirrj-ye rijv arpandv /card Birjprj/jievrjv "9 Xoxovi fieTcoTTOP, wBe yap opOiOV^ rov^ fiovu)^ ev arevol^i eBvvaro. koI 6 ^aaiXev^i
/lev eKeXevaev, cf)dXayyo";

Kol ireXracrrd'^irpofidx^aOai 'x/rfXoL'? S'

avrrjv earrjae

rf/?
rov

Trpo

5' avrrf^ tov^ arparoireBov,eVt Be^id a(f)"vBovt]T S' iirl tmv KOL rov"; vTrcopeicov, eXe(f)avTa To^6ra"; del dptarepa, kol o to ev /x"t' avrcov (TTL(po"i OaXdaarj. (Tuverdaaero, Trapd rfj B' iv %e/9crt 19. T"VOfjLevr]"; fidxViy '^^ M^'' rrj^ Mdvtov rov iravraxoOev irepirpe TTpcora ol yjnXol ^^XoBe avrov^ Xpvre^ iXvTTOvv eVet
re kol

(^lXottovw^ irpeyjraro koX avOi";emoiv uvax(t^p(ov fiev6"i ^iaKeBoiwv Tovq rj rwv ?; "j)dXay^ /lev ylrtXovf;
Bcacrrdcrae?
avrrjv

koX avveXOovaa eVaeBe^aro KOL Xvy^e, '7rvKvd"; 7rpov/3drd";aapiaaa^ ev rd^ei Br] Xovro, w /idXtara oi MaAreBoi^e? e^ WXe^dv'^-pov
KOL

^iXlttttov Kare7rX7]aaovro

rov^

iroXe/iiov^i

136

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

by themselves near the city of Heraclea. V\'hen chap Manius saw the enemy's preparations he gave the at dawn and ordered signal for battle on the morrow two of his tribunes,Marcus Cato and Lucius Valerius,

pleasedand to go around the mountains by night and drive the Aetolians from the heights as best they could. Lucius was repulsed from Mount Teichius by the Aetolians, who at that near place fought well, but Cato, who encamped Mount Callidromus, fell upon the enemy while they less were still asleep, about the lastwatch. Neverthefighthere, as he was obliged to there was a stiff climb over high rocks and precipicesin the face of Meantime Manius was leading an opposing enemy. his army against Antiochus' front in files, as this was the only way possiblein the narrow pass. The king placed his light-armed troops and peltasts in front of the phalanx, and drew up the phalanx itselfin front of the camp, with the archers and slingers on the right hand on the lower slopes,and tiie elephants,with the column that always accompanied them, on the leftnear the sea. 19. Battle being joined, the light-armed troops The battle rushing in from all sides. He mopyiae assailed Manius first, received their onset bravely, firstyielding and then back. The phalanx advancing, and drove them through. j)ass opened and let the light-armed men It then closed and covered them, with its long spears presented in massed order, the formation with which the Macedonians from the time of Alexander and Philip used to strike terror into enemies who did 137

to selectsuch forcesas they

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

av7iOL"^

hopaai ttoWoU

irekd^eLv.al"^vihLov oi^Orf
^

ov roX^wz^ra? /cal/jLaKpot^; S' AlrcoXcbv eV tmv

koI ^oi], rod }s.aWiSp6fiov(pvyrj KaOaWofiivcov AvTLOXov arparoTreSov. to fxev hi]irpMTov e? TO

eKarepoL^; dyvoid Tjv ft)? iv ayvota'
re
rov

")?

koX Oopv^o^ jiyvo/nivov 8e 6 Kdrcov

SicoKcov avTOv";

fiera iroXkrj^

eTrecpaiver ^otj^, koI vrrep ro

'Avtl6')(ov, to eheiaav cnparoirehov eyiyvero -t'jSrj 'Vwixaiwv re Tov ^a(Tikeo3"^, iJ^d)(r]" ol irepi r/}? "K koI cr(pd"; iroWov irvvOavofievoi, eVic^o/Sco? Bl 6\ov dpyLa"; kol V7T0 "lB6t""; Tpv(j)Pj"i tov %eiavv ts tov"; jjLOiVo^e? hvcrepyiav 8ie(f)0apjjLevov"i. fiev ov T(p K-dTcovc cra(f"M^ KaOopoiVTe^ oitogoi he tov Tive"; TrXetou? vo/jLi(^ovT elev viro (jyo/Sov dKoryjxo)^ SeiaavTe^, Kol Trepltw aTpaTOirehw elvat,
e?
avTO

afivvov/ievot..
crvvecreTreaov

o)? /caTe(f)vyov 'Fco^aloi

e?
to

cltt

avTov

Tov'i

nToXeuiov;

S'

avT0i"i

7rapa0eovTe";

aTpaToirehov, Koi rjv aWrj \\vTLo'^eLWV eKeWev a/coo- fio"i. 6 Be Twv (pvyr) MdvLO'^ fJiexpi p^ev eVt %Kdp(peLav eBiwKav avTov"i diro Be XKapcfyeia^ ^wypcov, KTeivcov re kol t?}? to eTravicov Birjprra^e arparoTreBov rov ^aaiXeco'i emBpauovra'^ rco 'VwpLaiwv K-al Toi)? AtVftjXoL'? '^dpoKL rrapd Tr)v aTTOvaiav avTOiv e^ifkaaev

eTTLtpavei^.
^

20.

KrreOavov S'

ev

'Vco/iaicovfxev dficfn Aunoy^ov tou"=; BiaKocri')V"^, Be, avv TOi? \rj^6elaLv, tou? pLvpiov;. avTO"i upL(pl S' 0 /SaaiXeix; diro fxev tt/ocott;? rpoTrPj'^ pLerd ri}'^ Imrerov e? ^EXdreiav dfieraarpeTrTl irtvraKOcriwv BieBpapiev, drro S' 'EXareta? e? ^okKiBa koi e?

rfjyu-ax??'^^^^

'^V
'

BiM^et

"E^ecro^' pier Evl3oLa"it^9 veoydfiov (tovto yap

138

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

CHAP, not dare to encounter the thick array of long pikes Aetolians presented to them. Suddenly, liowever,the

from Callidromus with loud cries, fleeing and leaping down into the camp of Antiochus. At first neither side knew what had happened, and there both in their uncertainty ; was confusion among but when Cato made his appearance pursuing the
were seen

Aetolians with shouts of victory and was ah-eady forces, king's close above the camp of Antiochus, the time back fearful who had been hearing for some style of fighting,and who accounts of the Roman knew that they themselves had been enervated by idlenessand luxury allthe winter, took fright. Not it was seeing clearly how large Cato's force was, magnified to their minds by terror. Fearing for the with safety of their camp they fledto it in disorder, it defending the intention of against the enemy. But the Romans were tered close at their heels and enThen was there the camp with them. another flightof the troops of Antiochus as disorderly as Antiochus ^^^f^aud the first. Manius pursued them as far as Scarphia, killingand taking prisoners. Returning thence he plundered the king's camp, and by merely shewing himself drove out the Aetolians who had broken into the Roman camp during his absence. 20. The Romans lostabout 200 in the battle and the pursuit; Antiochus about 10,000,including prisoners. The king himself, at the firstsign of defeat, fled iie flees without looking back with 500 horse as faras Elateia,^" ^^* and thence to Ephesus and from Elateia to Chalcis, with his bride Euboea, as he calledher, on board his 139

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
veoiv

BOOK

XI
rov-

avrr]V
T(i)v

iirltwv oovofia^ev)
uTTaacov

ovSe e(pvyev,

povcra"i 6

(f"6dpKeL.

biacpeyap Tiva"^ avrcov Sie'Fcofialcov vavap'xp'^ e7rava)(6e\'; 3' iv daT"t 'Pcof-iatoL 01 w/c?;? uyopav

rr)?

6v)(^"pov"i irvOoixevoL, ray^eia'^ aiptac Wvri6')(^ov 86^t]"; ^av6Larj"^, eSvov, e'/c (j)0^epd"; tt)? ^lXlttttov re rrjv rrpoiTrjvirelpav aaTracrdfievoL.
v'lov top d/jieL/36/jLevoi, rr)"^ avpLiJia-)(la"^ avroy

re

ovtco

kol

Arj/jLTj-

rpiov, ofJLrjpevovTa en irapd acfiiaiv, eireix^^rav. iv Mai^/o? Be 21. Kat ctarei, riv ixev TCihe ^wKea"; jjuevkol rw X.a\KLSea";, Kal 6"tol dWot Kvtl6j(^(P avveireirpdx^o-av, heofievov^ aTreXvae

re kol ^IXiirrr]V S' KiTcSXiav at'TO? rod Seouf;, iSyovv, Kal rd"; 7ro\et9 eiroXLop-iovv. AapcoTTO? AltcoXcop evravQa KpiTov re TOP crrparrjyov rwv 6 Maz^/09 KpvTTTO/ievov, o? ^XapLLvaw Trap
"

rov

eXa^e Ti^epivViireiXei arparoireSevcreiv. 6

fxev

hi]

Ma^'to? eirXKaXXivroXeo)? KopaKa, ovai

jSapvrdrov re Kai p.era arparov Kal aTTOKprf/jLVOU, viro Karayouov Xa(f)vocov iroXXol 8' e^emirrov ri}^ crKeveaiv Bv(ToBia"; e? rd d7TuKp7]fiva, avrol^ Kal hvvriBevre"^ avrov"; KOL oirXoL^i Kare(f)epopro. Kal dX\! e? av AlrcoXol ol avvrapd^aiovSe ox^Q-qaav, ^Avrtoxo^ he 'V(i)/jLy]v irepl elpi'jvri^i eTrpecr^evov. drro rcov dvco aarpaTrttcov Kara T7]V ar par Lav eKaXec, Kal rd"; vav"; "T7rovB)]v eirl ddXaaaav
'VoSlov
i^avap)(Ovvro"; eireaKevai^e,
e? re (fivydSo'^.
avrw

vy^i)X6rar6v

6po"^o KaXStcoheve to SvaoSevrov re 6p6)v Kai

VioXv^eviho

^eppovr/a-ov hiaiTXevaa^

a"xvpov, Kal '^rjcrrov Kal "A/Svhov rr]v 'Vco/xaicov rrjv (pdXayya eKparvvero, hi mv ehet e'v r)]v 'Aaiav odeucraire Kai irepdaat, Ava-Lfid-

irdXiv avrrjv

140

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

for the Roman ships ; but not all of tliein^ admiral chap. bringing sup- ^^ that were made an attack upon some When the people of Rome plies, and sank them. heard of this victory, so swiftly and easily gained, being satisfied they offered sacrifice, with their first trialof the formidable reputation of Antioclius. To Philip,in return for his services as an ally,they sent his son Demetrius, who was stilla hostage in their

hands. 21. While these things were going on in the city, Manius received the supplications of tlie Phocians, the Chalcidians,and the others who had cooperated with Antiochus, and relieved their fears. He and Philip ravaged Aetolia and laid siege to its cities. He tliere captured, in hiding, Democritus, the general Aetolians, Flamininus had threatened the who of that he would pitch his camp on the banks of the Tiber. Manius, with an army laden with baggage Mount over and spoils,made his way to Calli])olis Corax, a precipitous and difficult mountain, and the highest in that region. Many soldiers, by reason of fell badness over were the of the road, precipices and in dashed pieces with their ai-ms and accoutrements, and although the Aetolians might have thrown the to be seen, not even army into confusion, they were but were to treat for sending an embassy to Rome Antiochus ordered tliearmy peace. In the meantime to march in liastefrom the satrapies of upper Asia to the sea, and fittedout a fleetwhich he put under the He command of Polyxenidas, an exile from Rhodes. it. then crossed over to Chersonesus and again fortified He also strengthened Sestus and Abydus, through winch the Roman legions would be obhged to pass if they should invade Asia. He made Lysimacheia his
141

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

vavalv eTndrjaeaOai. ol he ^laviw /lev aipovvAevKiov Sklttrai OLdho-)(ov eirl t)jv crrpaTrjyiav Lfova, "' ovri Tore 0? tjv, airpaKTw avTol"^ v7raTo"i Kol dTreipoTToXe/jLO) alpovvrai top dSeXavpjBovXov UottXiov '^Kiirifova rov KapxvBovLOV"; d^e(f)ov X6/xevovTT}v Tjye/JLOplav Kal irpoiTOV ovojiaaOevra
Kai

y^eiav Be jafiielov rwSe tco TroXeyuw 7roLovfxevo"^, e? avrrjv Kol oirXa alrov iroXvv avve^eper, 'Vwixaiov^ avTLfca "^e r)yov/j."vo"; ttoXXS) ol '^^^(p

^Ac^pLKavov.

CAP.

22. Kal

hLdho-)(0";, avTLKa rat'^ re IBlai^ vavcrlvy ah rrjv '[raXlav TrepLeirXeL, kol Trapd K.apxv^ovL(ov avrS) rial hodeiaaL"^ Ka\ dXXatq e? Tleipaid Kary'jX^Vy ^"^ (TV/jL/ia')(^Latv
vavap')(iavalpeOel^
Tov
viT

aKevf),

en rjcrav ev irapaol fiev %Ki7ricdve"^ Atofio? 8' 0 iirlrr]v rrj^ ^\raXia^,

'AriXtw

(pvXa^

'AtlXLw

(ttoXov

eirXei TrapaXajSoov

Kara-

Kal pna, eirojjievnv Ka\ (l)pdKTOL"; oySorjh'^ovTa Ihiat^' Ev/jLevov"; paKTOV irevry^KovTa kol r/v Kardcf
Kat

TWvBe

TO

ijfiLcrv.e?

re

^d)Kaiav

v7r7]K( ov

fiev

dvTavi'iyeTO S' avTol"^ 6 vavapxo"; 6 ^AvTio^ov IloXv^"VLSa"; SiaKoaLaL"; vaval, kov(^oSt] Kal o) TToXe/iicov Trapd ttoXv Tepai"; twv
irXeov.
"

avTOv"; d"\o/iev7]v eK7rX7J^"0)"? KOL eiriovar]'; e? vavfiaxlav dverr}? KaTTJyovTO,

VTTO

^AvTioxov,

S'

tov 7reXdyov"^ "TL fidXidTa irpovXalSe dvaireipwixevcDV. Kal hvo tcov Kapxv^oi'icop i"av^ ISlcov I8(i)v TTpoTrXeouaa^, rpel? tcov eViTreyLt'v 8uo rwv e? to Ai^vcov i^aXo/jLevwv el\e rdq Kevd";,

'Tw/iauov

142

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

and accu- chap. principal magazine for the present war and provisions in it, mulated large supplies of arms believing that the Romans would soon attack him The two with large land and sea forces. They ap])ointed Lucius Scipio, who was then consul, to succeed Man- sont agai inexperienced in ^i" ius in the command, but as he was war they appointed as his adviser hisbrother, Publius Scipio, who had humbled the Carthaginian power and bore the titleof Africanus. who first

the Scipios were stillmaking theirchap. preparations, Livius, who had charge of the coast defence of Italy and who had been chosen the naval "^^^'^'^^ successor coast-guard ships of Atilius,with his own contributed by the Carthaginians and and some ceiving for the Piraeus. Reother allies,sailed at once there the fleetfrom Atilius he set sail following with eighty-one decked ships, Eumenes one-half of which had decks. of his own, with fifty They put in at Phocaea, a place belonging to Antifear, and on ochus, but which received them from the following day they sailed out for a naval engagement. Polyxenidas, commanding the fleet of Antiochus, met them with 200 ships much lighter a than those opposed to him, which was great were not advantage to him, since the Romans two yet experienced in nautical affairs. Seeing Carthaginian ships sailing in front, he sent three against them and took them, but of his own who leaped overboard. Livius without the crews,
22. While 143

APPIAN
CAP. ^

S ROMAN

HISTORY,
Ta?

BOOK
rpet?

XI

7re\ayo";.

Aiovio^ 3' eVl

ry opyrjt;
ar

"(f)"p"T
irpov-

TTpMTO'i

vtt'

parity lBl vt]iyttoXu

ftta, avv

Tov aroXov. -yjMV al S\ co? Karacppovjjae re inre^aXov, Kal a-vvearijKOTWv ^j^etjoa? o-tS/^/oa? dycou 6 TMV rjv Mcnrep iv yfj. ttoXv oe aKa(f)MV 'F(OjjLaioi Kp"L(T(Tov^ 6vT""i 01 evro\/iiai";,

TaU

eKparovv, Kai fna Svo ofjiov "pepovr""; eiravijeaav. Kal roSe fiev vj]l Tr)" vau/xax^la^ rjv inrelBe ol aro7rpoayMi'icr/j.a
\oi
avveireaov

im^dvre'^ e? rd"i aWorpia^

Ifr-xyi dWi]\oi";, fxev kol irpoOvfua iireKparei,Sid Be fiapinrjra 'Voifiaicov TCI rwv iSvvavro ovk Tou? "')(Opov"i KaraXa/i^dveiv a.'"a"j)Mv o'c /lev e? rrjv eo)? vavalv virocpevyovraf;, Kov(pai(i o'c S* e? Xlov dirfipav, "Ecf^eaov ofew?K"iT"(j)vyov,
evda avToU 'Pohlwv vrje^ rjXOov e-md avpiiiaxiBe^ 'AvTto;^o? ^e irepl Kai vavfxaeUoaiv. TrjaSe t"}? iirl %vpLa(; e? Xvvi^av eareWev %ta9 TTvOoixevo^y dXXcov eK re ^oivLKr]"; v"(t)v Kal KiXiKLa^: Trapa'

(TKevr]V.

^Vohioi KareKXeicFav Kal Tovhe /jL"p eiravLOvra twv vewv "9 IlaiJL(f)vXlav, Kai riva*; avrov elXov, 23. Ta? Xonrd"^ Kal e"^eBpevov76"i "(f)vXa"Tcrov IIoAiTfoXiaV fM"Ta "9 d(})LK6fl"V0"; TtX^O? Be ^KLTTiCOV rod virdrov,Kal tov ^laviov arparov rrrapaXa^cov Ta9 pih iv AlroyXia TToXiopKia^ virepelBev 0)9 AtT")Xot9 B60/J-evoi"; erre^LKpov epyov, Kal Tot9 eVl 8e avOt^;69 Tpey\rev
TOV

irepl cr(f"a) TTpea/Seva-ac tw Loxov rjirelyeTo irplv eKJSrjvai Bid Be MaKeBovcov dBeXcfxp T7]v aTpaT^)ylav. 'EXXrjaTTOViov, Bvax^prj tov wBeve Kal BpaKwv eirl yevofievrjv dv, eu fir] Kal ;^aXe7r^z^ oBov avTM o M.aKeB"jiiV "J"tXf7r7ro9 Kal VTreBex^TO Kal wBoTroUi,
^AvT
144

'PcofiTjv

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

dashed angrily at the three with his flag-ship^ much chap. in advance of the rest of the fleet. The enemy being three to one grappled him contemptuously fastened with iron hooks, and when the ships were on together the battle was fought as though it were land. The Romans, being much superior in valour, overpowered them, sprang upon the enemy's shijjs, their one ship, bringing two and returned on This was the prelude of the enemy's with them. Wlien the fleetscame to the naval engagement. together the Romans had the best of it by reason of their bodily strength and bravery,but on account of the unwieldy size of their ships they could not overtake the enemy, who got away with their nimble took refuge in Ephesus. craft, and, by rapid flight, The Romans repaired to Chios, where twenty-seven Rhodian ships joined them as allies. When Antiohe sent of this naval fight, chus received the news Hannibal to Syria to fit out another fleet from he was Phoenicia and Cilicia. When returning him into Pamphylia, drove Rhodians it the with of his ships,and blockaded the rest. captured some Publius Scipio arrived in b.c. lOO 23. In the meantime Aetolia with the consul and received the command The He scorned the siege of ^''arei of the army from Manius. the Aetolian towns as a small business,and granted the Holies^"" the petition of the inhabitants to send a new embassy to Rome, while he hastened against Antiochus before his brother's command should expire. He moved by way of Macedonia and Thrace to the Hellespont, and it would have been a very hard march for him had not Philip of Macedon repaired the roads,

145

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

re Trora/xoc'i Ik irdXkov TrapeTre/jLTrev e^ev"yixivoi"^

Kol ayopaU
avTLfca

eToijioi^' e^' oh
vttoXolttcov

avTOV

ol ^Ki7riQ)i/""

TO)V

airekvaav, ^(^prijjidTWV

eTTLTeTpa/ifievoi, rovd^ viro evpoLev.

^ov\ri"^, el irpoOvpov tt}?

e?

Upovaiav rbv BiOvvMv ^aaCkea,KaToXeyovre^; 6aoi"^ /SaaiXevat 'Fco/jLaloL dp;^a9 ra? avp.ixax"lo'ci(Ti eTrrjv^rjGa Se, MaKeSova TOP ^iXiTTTTOv koI irdXeixcp (f)a(7L,
iireaTeWov
ap-^etv KpaT7Jaavr"(; 6/Mr]peia";
ecoai, kol
kol to top

Be koI

iralha avrw
ert

aireXvaajxev,
o

rcov 6(^\r)iia

tv}?

')(^p7]fidTcov. oh

eir (rvpLixayrrjaeLV 6hoi7ropia"^ Atovio";S' 0 vavapxo^ tVet twv r?)? Uava-i/jiaxov /lev top 'VoBlop iirvOero, XKLTricovcov

Ylpovalaq rfaOeh avvedero ^AvtIoxov.

fiera
TOP

'Pohlcoppeoip ep AloXlSi, Karekiire, rfj e? /catfiepo^;re rod IhlovaroXov, rah B^ irXeioaip

tmp

'KXX7]a7rovTOP errXei

top

/iepo"i. KoX *

^T](JTo"i jifp

avTU) Tipa

cTTparop viroBe^o^VoiTeiOP kol kol

aXKa

A'XP'LWP \i.fir]P Kai

irpocreOeTo,
re ireipa^

^A^uSopBe aTreiOovaap iiroXiopKet.

Alovlov B' olxofiepov 24. Ilav(TL/jiaxo";
irvKPa^

IBlwp eiroielTo,kol Kol jii"XeTa"; tmp re 7roiKiXa"; (TVPeirijypvTOy Trvpcfiopa jjL'qxct'Va^ koptcop fMa/cpcop,alwpelaOai ayyela cnByipae^rjirre TO peep lBlcop TTvp e? TO 7reXayo";, Ipa tmp (jKa"^cd Be ipi7roXepLOi"; Trpoawvaip TToXv irpovxVy '^oh YioXvKol avTOP TciSe (^iXoiropovpLepov TriiTTr]. 6 'AvTLoxoy pavapxo'^, 'PoSio? re wp Ka\ ^eplBa"i
eKireacup aLTLat"s Trj"i TraTplBo^, oBe Kai Tiaiv 'Avtioxov (ttoXop ivrjBpevep, top vTriax^'OVfiepoi; iyX"ipt"LP, el avpOoLTO e? kclOoBop cvjJLirpd^eip

146

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

entertainedhim, escorted him, bridged the streams chap ^ some time before, and furnished him provisions. In return for thisthe Scipiosimmediately reheved him from the payment of the remaining money indemnity, having been authorized to do so by the Senate if they should find him zealous. They also wrote to Prusias, king of Bithynia, reminding him that the Romans had often augmented the Empires of the Philip of Macedon, they kings in alliance with them. said,although they had conquered him in war, they had allowed to retain his kingdom, had released his son whom they held as a hostage, and had remitted the money payment stilldue. Thereupon Prusias gladly entered into alliance with them against Antiochus. he Livius, the commander of the fleet, when on learned that the Scipios were the march, left Pausimachus, the Rhodian, with the Rhodian ships and a part of his own, in Aeolis,and himself sailed with the greater part to the Hellespont to receive the army. Sestos and Rhoeteum, and the harbour of the Achaeans, and severalother placessurrendered Abydos refused and he laidsiege to it. to him. 24. After the departure of Livius, Pausimachus Roman trained his sailorsby repeated exercises, and con- fu^gcJ^ structed machines of various kinds. He attached stratagem iron vessels containing fire to long poles, for suspending hang his to over own the sea, so as clear of ships and fall upon those of the enemy when they approached. While he was thus engaged, Polyxenidas, the admiral of Antiochus, who was also a Rhodian, but had been banished for crime, laid a trap for him. He promised to deliverthe fleetof Antiochus to him if he would agree to help him in securing his recall.
147

APPIAN'S
CAP.
avTw.

ROMAN
v-irwirreve

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

6 he

fiev eTriKXoiTov

di"SpaKal

icpuXdaaero' tou YloXv^evlSov irepl ri)^ "ypd-^avTO"i koX eV avrf) irpohoaLa^ e'maTo\i]V avT6ypacf)uv, cctto Trj"^ E"j)eaov, Kal dva^ev^avTO"^ Kal Trjv arpairavovpyov,

Kal e? 8' avTW

ttoXv

A-aXw?

ypacfioi' Trifx-ylraL, Ga"i i^iXvcre Kal Td"i(j)v\aKd"; Kal e? anoXoyiav Be 6 KaravTo"; Tlo\v^"VLSa"; TrepLeire/LL'iTev. enel
elSev avTov

6 "9 'X^oproXoyiavTrepLTrepLTrecv, Tidv i)7roKpi6evTO"i Yiav(JifjLa-)(0'^ TTjv re dvd^ev^iv opcov, Kal ovk dp rtva rrepl7rpoSoaLa";eTnardXiiv avroi\iric-a"; dXrfdtvovra OVK irdyyy iriGrev-

(^u\aKr]v Kaicu) al"^vihi(p

ivrjSpev/ievov, avriKa ttjv irapaaKevrjv irecparrju avv (Tvprjye, Kal NuKavSpov rov oXiyoi^; Xdfiov Kara e? TrjV rrjv yr]v OTTcadev TrepieTrefi'jTe, Haven iJLd-)(ov Oopv/SoTroielv. eK he fxeaoiv rov vuKTcbv auTo? eVeTrXet, Kal irepl rrjv ewdcvrjv en eireTTiTTTev KOLficojievw. 6 he iv Kal
rov^ dhoK^rcp

crTparicora";

eKeXeve, ra? vav"; eKXiirovra^, diro t?}? yrj^ dpuvveirpocnrecrovTO'ih' OTriaOev aOa.i rov"; Trokefxiov^. l^iKavhpov, vofiiaa'; Kal Tr]v yfjv avrw rov TrpoeidXV, ")? ovx ^TTO TOiV ewpapuevwi' fiovwv \rj^6ai iveev vvKTi, TToXv TrXeiovcdv, irdXiv e? Td"; vav^
re /3at-ve Oopv^ovfievo^, irpoyro'i

e?

pcd^-qvdvi^yero,

S' dircoXovro. Kal epov, ovhev6"; rSiV vewv eirrd puev at to irvp 1(f) hid rrjv (^Xoya avral^ irpoaiovro^ e4"vyov, rd^ he dvah7]adjx6PO"; 6 YloXv^evlha^; Xo/7ra? etKoaiv e"?

Kal TT/OWTO? ermirre h^dXXayv ol fiev

tmv XajJbiTpw'idycoj'i^ofievo^.

ol eXr)(^driaav

%u/jL0(; Kal
148

Tr}v "Ej(f)e(Jov Karijx^rj. 25. Kal iirl rrj vlkt) *t"(OKaiaav9i"; Kal rfjhe

Kv/JLi)Trpo? ^AvTio)(^ov ixeTeTiOevTO.

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

Pausimachus suspected tliewily rascal and for a long chap time against him carefully. But after guarded Polyxenidas had written him an autograph letteron betrayal and in accord therewith had actually sailedaw^ay from Ephesus and had pretended
the of the subject

round to procure corn^ Pausimachus, and thinking that no one observing the movement signature to a letter proposing a would put his own betrayal unless he were speaking the truth, felt entire confidence, relaxed his vigilance,and sent his Polyxenidas, seeing fleetaway to procure corn. own that his stratagem was successful, at once reassembled his ships,and sent the pirate Nicander to Samos with to create confusion by getting in the rear a few men of Pausimachus on the land, and himself sailed at midnight, and about daybreak fell upon him while in this sudden Pausimachus, and still asleep. his to men abandon unexpected catastrophe, ordered land. But their ships and defend themselves on when Nicander attacked him in the rear he thought, as was natural in the darkness, that the land had been taken possession of not merely by those who were So he made but by a much larger number. visible, most foreanother confused rush for his ships. He was fighting in the encounter and the firstto fall, killed. bravely. The rest w-ere all captured or Seven of the ships, which were provided with the dared approach fire-apj)aratus, one escaped, as no for fear of conflagration. The them remaining twenty Polyxenidas towed to Ephesus. 25. Upon the news of this victory Phocaea again changed sides to Antiochus, as did also Samos and
to send his army

149

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Seiora^i S' 0 Aiovio"; nrepltmv AloXiSi KareXeXoiireLy eV

vecjv, a"? acj^erepcov

Kara

T^

airov^r^v e?
avrov

avra^

eiravrjei,

7r/0O9 Kal Evfievrj'^

yero, 'VoSloI re

'PwyLtatot? vav'i

rjireiclkoctlv

eTepa";

he SiaXiTrovTe^i d7ravTe"; "7refjL7rov. [jLLicpov aveOdpvav e? "Ecpecrov prjcrav, Kal eirlrrjv eirXeov iJLa')(ia icTKevacr/bLevoL. S' avTeTrnrXeovTos ovSevof; avTol"=;
,

TO

fiev

ixear)
TTOi?

veo)v TOiv e? ^/jLLO-y ecrrrjaav ev eTriheL^iv OaXdcrar} P'e')(^pt racf; 5' vttoXolttoWov, rfj

e?

P'ey^piNtVai;S/)09 avrol^
ireacov

T^i^TroXepLiav
re

KaTa\9evTe"i eiropOovv,
eK

Tt]V

\eiav

/leaoyela^imd^elXero Kal 6? rd^ vav";

r?;?

Karehiw^ev.
XPovov

26. 0/ fiev ht] rrdXiv e? ^dfiovdvrjyovro, Kal 6 eXrjye AwvLfo r?}? vavap^La"^' rod S' avrov '^p6vo"i

6 ^KvrL6')(ov XeXevKo"; rrjp Y^vfievov^yryv

eSyov Kal IlepydfKp irapeKdOrjro,rov^ dvSpa"; e? 66 ev 6 FiVfievrjf} e? Tr)v ttoXlv KaraKXelaa^. *KXaLav, TO hieirXeLKara eiTLveLov,
'PrjAl/jllXlo^; avrS AevKLa yiXXo"i 6 Aioviov rrjv vavapx^'cLV TrapaSeSey/xevo^. A^aiMV Evpuevei (Tviip,a^oi TjKov Be Kal irapd tmv

T"}?apx*}?
avv
^

Kal aTTOvSijv,

%i'Xtofc Kal Tre^ot

iinreL';

eKarov

diro tov 6 aTpaTr)y6"; ALo(f)dvr]"i ^eXevKeiovf; eK re Kal iieOvovra^; 7rai^ovrd"^

tov^

"v eTriXeKroL, TOv"i Tet;^ou9 Ihciiv

Kara-

erreiOe cf)popr]aeo)'i,

IIepyafjLrjvov"i eavrw

errl rov"; TroXeyutou?. ov')(^ (TvveKhpaiJLelv vc^iaralBLov"i^tXtou? 5* eKeivcov, fievwv MirXio-e tov"; eKarov Kal Tou? fVTrea?. Kal irpoayayoov viro TO eartiaev drpeixelv, VTrepopcovrcov avrov"i rel')(^o"; e\-TToXifro)v 'TroXefiicov0)9 6Xiyov"; re Kal ov iXdelv. 6 8' dpiaroTroLovroXiuicovTa"i "9

'x/^pa";

150

THE Cuma.

SYRIAN

WARS

Livius,fearing for his own ships,which he CHAP, had left in Aeolis, returned to them in haste. him, and the Rhodians hurried to join Eumenes twenty new sent the Romans ships. In a short
again and sailed all in good spirits for toward Ephesus prepared another engagement. As no enemy appeared they divided their naval force into two parts,displaying one out at sea in a long line,while the other landed on the enemy's coast and ravaged it,until Nicander attacked them from the interior, took away their plunder,and drove them back to their ships. Then they withdrew to as admiral expired. term of office Samos, and Livius' 26. About this time Seleucus, the son of Anti- Fighting at "''^''"^"' ochus, ravaged the territoryof Eumenes and laid siege to Pergamus, shutting up the soldiersin it. On account of this Eumenes sailedwith haste to Elaea, the naval station of his kingdom, and with him L. Aemilius Regillus, the successor of Livius as and 100 picked admiral. One thousand foot-soldiers horse had alsobeen sent by the Achaeans as allies to Diophanes, When Eumenes. their commander, from the wall saw the soldiers of Seleucus sporting and drinking in a contemptuous way, he urged the him in a sally Pergameans to join against the enemy. As they would not agree to this he armed his 1000 foot and his 100 horse, led them out of the city under the wall,and stood there quietly. The enemy derided him for a long time on account of the smallness of his force and because he did not dare to fight, but he fellupon them while they were taking
time they
were

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

re rov^ fcal eiTihpapMV iOopvjSyjae /jLivoi"i eTpeyjraro B' dWwv rcov eVl to. oirXa avairr)7rpo(pvXa/ca";, Xttttov^; BcovTcov,/cat rov'i r] 'n-epi')(^akivovvrwv hvcr')(epM"^ (b6vyovTa"; Blcokovtcov ava/SaivovTcov t)
ov/c

evaraOovvra^, eKparec nrdvv \ajji7rpM";,eiTLdvcoOev utto Ilepya^oci)VT(ov rod Teixov"^ rwv irpoeXOelv {j(f)t(TTa/Ji firjvMV, Kol ovhe rore iv iTrtBel^ei 5' 6aov(;eBvvaro 6l""^ KT"Lva^ Ta)(eia, di'Bpa"i re kol at;^yU.aXcoTOU?eXwi^ Kai TLva"; kol iTTTTOL'?, eiravrjet Kara eTTtovarj*; airouBi'iv. t?}? 'A-^^a/ou? to utto Tet;^"?,ovBe av6i"i Lcrrr] tov";
Tore
Twv

Xeavve^iovTwv. \euK0"; 8' LTTTrevcn TroWol'i avrw irpocreTreXa Be 6 ovk lire'^rjei, jxev irap 7rpova\.ovfX"Vo";. t6t6 TO avTO ecrrct)?, aX,V i(f)v\ci(Tcr"TO' eVet 8' TeL')(0'^
UepyafiijvMV
avrw 0

SeXeuATo? 6? Ka/ivoPTCop 7rapafJLeiva"^ iie(Tr)pil3piav,

/cat LTTTrecdv TOiv eiravrjei, roL"; i-Trearpecjie 01 TjBr] 6 ALO(l)dv)]^ iTriOepsvosKat TekevTaioL^ avTOv oaa 6opv^o7roirjaa";, koX Tore Bvvaro^ koX /BXci-^Ira^; eiravrjei ttoXlv vtto to Tel^o'^. kol TovBe evOv"; rjv, TOP Kul TpOTTOV (TVPeX^^ ^^ '^^ ')(OpTO\ojLai"i diro del re tl iveBpevcop ^v\"LaL"^ epo)(\oiP koX ^eXevKov dpecrTrjaeKat diro t?}? top JJepyd/JLOV ^vpepov^ X^P^^ dXkrj^; e^i]\aaep. Be kuI 'Vwjiaiois 27. TloXv^epiBa fi"T ov ttoXv irepl Alvopptjaov, e? fjp awrjyiyperac pavjjiax^ci KUTaeaav fjuevpavcrlp eP"P)]KOPTa YioXv^eplBa^ AevKLO^ S' o ^Vwfjbaiwp vavapxo'^ oyBorj^pdKTOL^, 'VoBov TTevre K'VTa TjCTap "K TpLCTL'TovTcop Kal 6 (7TpaTt]yo'^ Ei/S")/90? ereraKTO MP ecKoaiv. fiep Be eizl Odrepa TLoXveirlTov Xatov Kepco^, IBoop ^epiBap TToXv TrpovxoPTa 'Vco/jLalcop, eBecae re fii]

152

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

their dinner, threw them into confusion,and put chap. ^ their advance guard to flight. While the others sprang for their arms, and tried to bridletheir horses or to catch those that ran those away or to mount a most that would not stand,Diophanes won glorious from Pergameans the cheering vociferously victory, the walls,but even then not venturing out. Having killed as many as he could in this hurried exploit and taken a certain number of prisonerswith their horses,he quickly returned. The following day he again stationed the Achaeans under the wall, the Pergameans again not going out with him. Seleucus approached him with a large body of horse and but Diophanes did not as yet challenged him to battle, accept the challenge. He kept his station close under the wall and w^atched his opportunity. But midday, turned when Seleucus,having remained till led his horsemen Diophanes fell back, tired and upon his rear and threw it into confusion,and after with again doing allthe damage he could, returned forthto his place under the wall. By continually lying in wait for the enemy in this way whenever they were collecting forage or wood, and always harassing them in some way or other, he compelled Seleucus to move away from Pergamus, and finally drove him out of Eumenes' territory altogether. 27. Not long afterward Polyxenidas and the Naval Romans had a naval engagement near Myonnesus, in Myonnesus which the former had ninety decked ships, and Regillus, the Roman admiral, eighty-three, of which from Rhodes. The Rhodian comtwenty-five were mander, Eudorus, was stationed on the leftwing, but seeing Polyxenidas on the other wing extending his line much beyond tliatof the Romans, and fearing

153
voi"

II,

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

are KVKkwOelev, koI 7r"pL7r\"vcra"; Kov(j)ai, ojeo)? OaXdaar)^;, i/jL7r6ipoL"; Ta"i vav^ Kol eperai^; vavarl rat ra? UoXv^eviSa TT/oaJra?irrrjye, 7rvp^6pov"; XaiMTrop^eva^ tm irvpl iravToOev. ol 8' i/j,/3a\e2 B' eroXpicov Bia ro Trup, kvk\w pev avTal"i ovk re avTa"i irepLifkeovTe^ ive/cXivov Kal Oa\d(rar](; irvirrovTO, iiripifkavTO pe^ptkoI e? ra? eirwTiha^ *Po8ta? reft)? e? ^ihoviav ip./3dXovar]i;, /cat ttj^ dyKvpa iKTriirTOvaa evrovov yevo/.ievr]";, 7r\r]'yi]"; re "? rrjv 'FoUav iirdyy] Kal crvviTri";^i8ovia"; hifaev dp.(f)(0 7rpo9 d\\i]\a";,oOev rjv 6 dywv
aT

pepiOvvTwv

tS)v

ev

e? irpoaiovcrwv einKovplav re eKaripa ttoXKwv, (^iXoveiiciairap dp.(f)OL ^Avrioyov eylyvsTO Xapbirpd,Kal to pieaov tcju rovrov eK veoiv yevop^evov al 'V(o/j,aLO)v eprjfjLov SieTrXeop, v^]e"; Kal tov"; iroXepiiov^ en dyvoovvra"^ CO? 8' epLaOov iroTe, eyLyvero (f"uyr] "KvkXovp, Kal ^Avtloxov vi]6^ p.Ld"; rpoirrj, Kal 8i""f)6dpr)aav

yfj.Koi

cjcnrep rol"^ iTTL^drai'^ a-Ka^wv dWo"v

dvBpdheovcrai rptdKovra, oiv rptaKaiSeKa aurot? 'Vcopaiwv S' dirooXovro piovai (Tcv iXrj"^6r)aav. iirayo8uo. Kal 6 UoXv^eviSa^ rrjv ^Pohuav vavv
puevo^ 69 TTjv ''E(pe(rop Kar^x^V-

VI
CAP.

28. TovTO

pev

hi]

rfjvaupLax^a ry Trepl rr]v

8'

Mvovvrjaov

avT)]"; Te\o?* ouirco rjv iirL^eppovijaov re Kal AvcrLpLdx^iciv alaOupievo'^

6 'Ai^t/o%o9

154

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

lestit should be surrounded, he sailedrapidlyaround chap. ^ there with his swift ships and experienced oarsmen, against Polyxenidas, and firstbrought his fire-ships The ships of the scattering flames everywhere. latterdid not dare to ram their assailantson account of the fire,but, sailing round and round, tried to keep out of the way, shipped much water, and were Finally a their catheads.^ constantly struck on Rhodian ship rammed a Sidonian, and the blow being dislodged and severe the anchor of the latter was stuck in the former, fastening them together. The two ships being immovable the contest between the crews became like a land fight. As many others hastened to the aid of each, the rivalry on both sides became ships broke through the spirited,and the Roman weakened middle of Antiochus' line, which was in this way, and surrounded the enemy before they knew it. When they discovered it there was a flight i.nd a pursuit. Twenty-nine of Antiochus' ships lost, were thirteen of which were captured with their lost only two vessels. PolyThe Romans crews. xenidas captured the Rhodian ship and brought it to Ephesus.

VI
the result of the naval engagement Before Antiocluis heard of it he at Myonnesus. fortifying was the Chersonesus and Lysimacheia with
was
^

28. Such

chap. ^^

on Beams running across the bows, and projecting either for letting down like the ears ; used originally anchors, side and occasionallystrengthened against ramming. (Thucydides,

vii.34,

36.)

155

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
r)v,
to

BOOK epyov

XI

fJie'ya, MUTrep yLteXw? 6i-)(ypov,

rjyov-

fi"VO": eVl
av

'Vcdjiaioi^, ottov ye Kal ti)vaXX7]v SpaKTjv hie\6elv arparoireBfo hvaohevTOV avTOL";

eyevero koI
0

OtXiTTTTo? St"(p"pev Svcr^aroi', el jult)

cov

uel KOV(f)ovov"i ^9 eirei tPj^ ^ycrcrr/? eirvOero Kal rax^'i pLera^oXrjV, rr}"^ vo/xL"Ta"; Trepi M.v6i'vrj(Tov, irdpLirave^eirXayq hatjMovLov avru" TO irapci yap Xoyov eiri^ovXeveiV CKacTTa pelv, 'Vwpiaioiv fiev iv rf}OaXdcrcrr] ')((!) iv fj avTo"; ivoiut^e ttoXv 7rpov~)(^eu" Kparovvrwv, 'VoBccov S' ^AvvL^ave? UaficjivXiav KaraKe/cXec'Pco/uLatov^; KOTcov, ^iXiirTTOvhe TrapaTre/jLTrovTO^;
,

aXX'

At'Tto^o?

kol

ra

dWa

6hov"^, ov d(BdTOV"^ {idXiara

MV

jJivrjaiKaKr'jaeLv avTol"^

irdprcov eiraOev vTreXd/x/Savev. viro Br] T(oi"Be deov re, ^XdTrTovro"i eKTapaa(T6fi"i'6"; fcal ySi/ diracn XoyLdfiov^y rov"i Trpocrioprcov aTV^rfoirep ^eppovt-jaov dXoyifidrcoviTTLylyverat,

e^eXiirev

irp'iv Kal /jLereveyKcbv oaos

TToXv?

CTTO)?,

e?

ifxovTe rj oirXa rj y^prffiara rj fxrj'x^avai, dXX' vyteL"i d(j)op/jid"i 7rp7](Ta"=;, roadaSe rol^ iroXe/iiLOL"i KaraXiirdiv.
CK

oure o^iveXOelv to?? iroXefiioL';, r}v iv avrfj alTo"^ crecrcopev/jLevo^

yvvai^l tou? "A^vBov elp^ac rod irepl

KaOdirep d/ia /ulct OL/xrjoyPj";, '7roXLopKLa"i avp(pevyovTa"; virepecopa,jjlovov tov hidirXov Kal 7raiSiOL"^,
iroXepiov;
eTTiVowv,

Avai/xaxea^;

re

avTU"

iroXep^ov Traaav Kal rr)v XoLTrrjv ert iXTTcBa tov BidrrXovv iv TOVTO) 01) TOV pLr/v ovTC Ti6efjL"VOs. dXX' e? to fieaoyeiov viro Oeo^Xa^"ia"^, i(f)vXa^"V i'TTaveXOelvy tou? 7roXefiiov";, ovBe (pddvcov TjTrel'xPviv tw BtdirXoi Tiva KareXiiTev. (f)v\aKr]v 29. Ol Be I^KLTTLfove^ iirel t?;? ai'a;^ft)/)";o"f

IS6

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

the greatest care^ thinking, as was the fact,that this chap. was very important as a defence against the Romans, to march who would have found it very difficult the rest of Thrace, if Philip had through even But Antiochus, who was Constema not conducted them. generally light minded and unstable, when he heard Antiochus completely panicof his defeat at Myonnesus was fate was that thought conspiring stricken, and had Everything him. turned out contrary to against had beaten him his expectations. The Romans on the sea, where he thought he was much superior ; the Rhodians had shut Hannibal up in Pamphylia ; helping the Romans over Philip was impassable roads, whereas Antiochus supposed that he would have a livelyremembrance of what he had suffered from them. Everything unnerved him, and the is deity began to destroy his reasoning powers (as so that always the case when misfortunes multiply), he abandoned the Chersonesus without cause, even in sight, neither carrying before the enemy came away nor burning the great stores which he had collected there of grain, ai-ms, money, and engines, but leaving all these sinews of war in good condition He for the enemy. attention to the paid no Lysimacheans who, as though after a siege, accompanied lamentations, him in his flight together with intent only with their wives and children. He was upon preventing the enemy from crossing at Abydus wholly on that. and rested his last hope of success Yet he was so infatuated by heaven that he did not defend the crossing,but hastened to reach the even leaving a interior in advance of the enemy, not even guard at the straits. 29. When the Scipioslearned of his retreat they
157

APPIANS
CAP.
avrov

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

iirvOovrOy Kvaifidxeidv re SpoficpKark67]aavpcovre fcal Xa^ov, KoX TMV iu Xeppuvijao) EWi^aTrovrov ottXwv KpaT7]aapTe"i rov epTj/iov
'

ovra

^v\aK7]"; evOv";

eTrepcov

jiera

'Ai^rto^oz^ dyvoovvra ev XdpSeat en re "(f)da(Tdv kov i^apvOufiei, rd yev6pL"voc.6 S' iK7r\ay6l"; dvanOei^ d/jiapT7]/jLara e? to Saifioviov iSia avTOV

(T7rovB7J(

'HpaKXeiBrjv
re

3v^dvTtov eirefJLirev e? rot/? XKi,7rirj)va"; eVl SiaXvaeai rod iroXejiov, %/j,vpvav

rov

rrjv eVt VpaKol WXe^dphpeiav avToi"; BiBov"; Bl^ a? VLK(p Kal AdfjL-^aKov, aurol^i 6 iroXerjp^ev BaTravrj^; ijfiLav TO rov fto?, TroXe/jLov.

Kal rovSe tt}? ^IdBwv iroXewv ivereXXero Be, el Beoi, Kal tmv Bovvai Kal Twv AloXiBwv oaac rd 'Vco/iaifovev TcoBe ra" dycovL eXXovro, Kal et ri dWo alrolev
OL

to ravra '^KiTricove^. "9 [xev el')(ev (j)avepo IBla Be 7rpb"; Xeyeiv 6 'YipaKXeiBi^^, TIottXiov ItKLTTc'cova irap' KvTibyov '\^pr)ixdrwvre "(f)epe
^

iroXXcov

iTaiBo"^ d(^eaeL"s v7roa'^earei"i Kal tov 'RXXdBc 6 'Az/Tto;^o9, ev e? yp/jKeL yap avrov rfj

XaX/ctSo? BiairXeovra'Kal rjv 6 eK A^-jfjLarpidBa 6 l^ap')(7]B6va Xklttlcov varepov eXcov re Kal iral"i KaraaKd'dra'i, Kal Bevrepc^ eirXrwBe ra" 'Eklttlcovl UavXov rov A4)piKavo^6vo/jLa(T6ei"i, fiev vio"; wv Be ru" TLepaia rov ^laKeBova eXovro'^, ^Kiiricovo^; yevet $vyarpiBov^ Kal Oeaeu iTaL";. fxev ovv Koivfj 'HpaKXeiBrj ru) eBoaav ttjv ol ^Ki7ri(ove"^ rtjvBe 'Az^rto^^o? 6 Berjrai,jirj aTTOKptaiv, edv elprjvr]^ ^IdBodv/jLr}Be rcov rwv AluXlBcov avrov eKarrjvai TToXecov, dXXd rrd(Tri"^ eirlrdBe Tavpov, Kal rrj"; ri]v Ba7rdv7]vrod TroXe/xov rrdcrav eaeveyKelv, Bl
58

THK

SYRIAN

WARS

took Lysimacheia at a single blow/ possessed them- chap. in the Chersonesus, selves of the treasure and arms crossed the unguarded Hellespont in haste and arrivedat Sardisbefore Antiochus, w^ho did not yet know

that they had crossed. The panic-strickenHe sends ^ faults to fo'the" and dispiritedking, charging his own "*^'"^ the score of fortune, sent Heraclides the Byzantine to the Scipiosto treat for peace. He offeredto give them Smyrna, Alexandria on the Granicus, and Lampsacus, on account of which cities the war had been begun, and to pay them half the cost of

authorized if necessary to surrender the Ionian and Aeolian cities which had sided with the Romans in the fight and whatever else the Scipiosmight ask. These things Heraclides
the
war.

He

was

Privately he was publicly. authorized to promise Publius Scipio a large sum ot the king money and the release of his son, whom had taken prisoner in Greece as he was sailingfrom
was

to

propose

Chalcis to Demetrias.

afterwards took and the second to bear the name of Scipio Africanus. He was the son of Paulus, who conquered Perseus, king of Macedon, and of Scipio'sdaughter, and had been adopted by Scipio. The Scipios jointly to Heraclides, " If Antiochus gave this answer wishes peace he must surrender,not only the cities of Ionia and Aeolia, but allof Asia this side of Mount Taurus, and pay the whole cost of the war incurred
^

the Scipio who destroyed Carthage, and was

son was

This

Literally " at

run."

APPIANS
CAP.
avTov

ROMAN

HISTOKY,

BOOK

XI

rep 'Hpa "yevofievov. ISiahe 6 TIoTrXto?"(f)r) 'Fa)/jLaLOV";, ^eppovqaov koi et fiev en k\"l8t} ravra Avaifia^eia^ Kparoiv 6 KvTio')(o"i irpov^

retvev,
"TL
vvv

acriievci)^ av

Xa^elv rd^^a 8' el koX fi6voi"

rov

rod

'FiWrjcnrovrov
tov

hidirXovv
kul

i(f)vXacrcr
ev

S'

at'TOu?

7/S77 7T"pdaavrd"s re

ciTCJiaXe

koL iyevofievov";,

Xttttov ov/c TOV dva^dvra^, dve^"7rl Tft) ')(jCi\ivw Be X^P'-^ avro^; eaOai SiaXvaecov eV 6\L"yoi";. 'Kpoaipeaew'i,KaX pLoXkov elBevat T(p jSaaCkel rr}? 3' avTov vlov dpLeb/SeaOac etaeaOau Xa/Scovtov Se)(^ea6aL ra i]8r}, TrpoTeivojieva KoX av/M^ovXeveiv iiTLTa-yiidTcov. irplv"9 irelpav eXdelv pLei^ovcov 30. 'O p.ev Sr]UottXlo^; tuvtu ebircbv e? ^EXalav dSeX(f)(p virexoopeL,avfi^ovXovtw V0(77}Xev6/jL"V0"; Vvalov AopLLTLOv fcaraXiTTcov' 6 S' 'Ai/Tto;\^o?, olov ^iXiTTTTO^ 6 ^iaKehcDV, Ti TwvBe twv Kal olrjOeU iiTLTayfidTdyvirXeov ovhev avrov tov iroXepiov diro tmv iroXepiiwv, crvveracra-e d(j)aLpy]a"a0aL, /cal VLOV SfCLTTLwvL TOV aTTeTTepLTrev e? ^KXaiav. 6 Be dyovac T0i9 pirj pbdx^aOai tov ^Avtlo-

kol -y^aXivov, evdevTa"^, (^acriv,

avve^ovXeue

TwSe TreiaOel'^ eiraveXOoi. koi Xpv dpL(pl 6 'Ai^t/o^09 pLerecTTpaTOTreBevaev to Qpo"i to %i7rvXov, Tet^o9 re fcapTepov rw aTpaTOTreScp ^pvyiov iroTapbov ev kol tov Trpo^oXy 7repieTeiXi^"" dxcov dvajKdi^ocro iriOeTO,tva pLrjB^ T0t9 7roXepiioL"; he top iroXeTToXepbelv. AopLLTio"^
ea)9
avTO"^

(pLXoTipLOvpievo";
^

woTapibv eirepa pudXa drr KvTioyov Opaaeco";,kol eiKoaiv a-TaBiov^; ia-TpaTOTreSevaev.Tecraapai re hiatjypiv
fiov

e'^'

eavTOv

tov KpcOyjvat,

i)piepaL
tov

eKUTepoi e"^e^f;9 e^eTaaaov

eavTMV, ov teal fidx;t]"i

irapa

tov

^dpa^a

Kur/jp^ov.

ttjrrepLiTTr}

160

THE
on

SYRIAN

WARS

Privately Publius said to Hera- chap. his account." VI " elides, If Antiochus had offered these conditions held the Chersonesus and Lysimacheia while he still they would have been gladly accepted ; possiblyalso if he were guarding the passage of the merely still Hellespont. But now that we have crossed in safety the saying and have not merely bridled the horse (as but mounted him, we cannot consent to such is), light conditions. Personally I am grateful to the king for his proposal and shall be still so after more I repay him now receiving my son. with advice, that he accept the terms offered instead of risking

conditions." 30. After this conference Publius was taken sick and withdrew to Elaea, leaving Gnaeus Domitius as his brother's counsellor. Antiochus thinking, as Both did, that nothing worse Philip of Macedon than p^ep^'e him he befall terms were if these could vanquished foi-battle drew his forces together near in war, the plain of from far Thyatira not the enemy, and sent Scipio's to him at Elaea. Scipio advised those who son brought his son that Antiochus should not fightuntil he himself should return to the army. Antiochus, acting on this advice, transferred his camp to Mount it with a strong wall. He also Sipylus and fortified interposed the river Phrygius between himself and the enemy, so that he should not be compelled to fight against his will. Domitius, however, was himself. So he boldly ambitious to decide the war crossed the river and established a camp at a distance Four days in of twenty stades from Antiochus. succession they both drew up their forces in front of fortifications, but neither of them began a their own

severer

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

8e

^ofibTWi

av6i"i e^eraaaev
avreinovTO'i

ovK (7o/3apa}^.

he rou

/cat eire^aive ^Avrioxov, rore

iyyvrepco jxeTearpaTOTriSevae, fjbev jiiav he akXi-jv hioXiTrcov TroXefivcove? eicrjpvaaev e? eirrjKoov tmv
^

avpiov

KCLi KvTi6')(^ci"

aKOVTL

TroXejJirjcreLV. 6

he

ho^avra,kol avvrapa)(6e\^ av0L'=; p.e6iei ra hvvTjOei'i eaTavai av /jlovovvtto to Tel)(o"i rj /^aXw? avTOV Tov CLTTO P*^^' TCt^oL'? d7rop,d)(^eaOai p-ixP'' IToTrXfo?, 6 aeiev ala^pov ijyelro /xerd TvXeLovtjov

iraperaaaev. 06 ev e? fjid')(7]v (pvyo/jbax^tv 31. Kal en d/jLcfico vukto"; e(J')(arr)v irepl e^r}"yov 8' avTcbv eKdrepo"i Sihe. to hieKocTfiei (pvXaKi]V,
fxev \aiov

el^^ov OTrXirat 'Vwfiaiwv fivpiOL, irapd avTov TOV TTora/iov koI fJ""T eKelvov^ rjaav 'Irakcov erepoL jivpLoi, iirl eKarepwv

rpeU

^d6o"i.eTrlhe T049 'iTaXot? o Kvpevov; aTpaTo^ irdacrero, /cal 'A^a^wr TreXracrral irepl rpcah' rjv cdhe fiev ei%e to Xatov, rb he^iov 'y^iXiov^. 'Vwfiaiwv kol ^ItuXmv koX Kv/xere /TTTret?, OL ov vov^, TrXeioui; ovh^ ovtol rpLcry^LXicov.dvejxediracTL'\lnXoL re Kal ToPorat ttoXXol, iiiyaro h'
Kau

rd^eL";

rov a/jL(pL

Aofiurioi' avrov

-qaav

iTTirecov

tXac

fxev eyiyvovro rravre'^ e? rpLcrAojiiLTLO(; /jlev he^iou eireaTdTei he tov fivplov^^, 'ictttj tov viraTov, auTO?, Kal e? to fieaov avTov S' iXei^tdvrcov, he Xaiov ehwKev YjV/neveL. tmv TO
ou";

re(7crape";. ovrco

6l%ey

eK

Al^utj^;, ovheva vo/hl^cov eaeaOaL

Kal iSpax^Tepwv oXtycoTepcov Te ovtcov y^prjCFLiJiov S' ol cr/jLiKporepot (hehiacjL TOv"i fieiola Aifivcov
eaTTjaev ^oz/a?),

7rdvTa";. oiriaco

162

THE
battle. On

SYRIAN

WARS

Domitius did the same chap. ^' again and haughtily advanced. As Antiochus did After an not meet him he moved his camp nearer. interval of one day he announced by herald in the hearing of the enemy that he would fightAntiochus on the followingday whether he was willing or not. The latter was perplexed and again changed his mind. Although he might have merely made a stand under the wall, or repelledthe enemy from it Scipioshould regain his health, he till with success, the fifthday

thought that with superior numbers it would So he be disgracefulto decline an engagement. prepared for battle. The Romdn 31. Both marched out about the last watch, just ^''""''"''" before daylight. The ordering of the troops on eitherside was as follows. The Roman legionaries, to the number of 10,000,formed the left wing resting Italian 10,000 Behind were on these the river. in triple line of were and both these divisions allies, battle. Behind the Italians came the army of Eumenes and about 3000 Achaean peltasts. This was the formation of the left, while on the right wing were the Roman and Italiancavalry and those of Eumenes, not more than 3000 in all. Mingled with light-armed troops and bowmen, and allthese were four troops of horse. around Domitius himself were Altogether they were about 30,000 strong. Domitius took his station on the right wing and placed the consul himself in the centre. He gave the command ConsideringhisAfrican of the leftwing to Eumenes. elephants of no use, being few in number and of the small small size,as those of Africa usuallyare (and he placed them all in are ones afraidof the larger), 32. Such was the Roman line of battle. the rear.
now J 63

APPIAN'S
CAP

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

^Avriox^ hLererdxaro 'Vco/jLaiot, 32. "^nSe /xev Si] 3' rjv fxev 6 arparb^ aTra? koI eTTTafcia/jLvpLot.,
rovTcov
TO kol e? rov AXe^dv/jLvpcot, avhpe^ k^afCia')(i\toi ^iXlttttov Spov Koi rpoTTOv "Ti Koa/jLov/xevor iVr?; 8' avTOv"; ev fxearp, SieXcovdva yjXiov"^ KcCi e^atovtwv kol Koaiov^ 69 heKa /J^"^p^, e/cdarov fiepovi dv'^pe^, e? irevTrjKovra yaai' eVl /lev rod fierdoTrov Bvo koi rpiaKOvra, e? Be rd irXevpa ^e TO I3d0o"; 8vo teal ecKoaLV. rj 8' "KdaTov /jL"pov"i eA.e(/)at'TG? 8' roiv rjv fjiev ala rel'y^ov^,

rj '^.laKehovwv, KpaTLCTTOv Tjv T) (f)aXay^

^

(pdXuyyo^ o-v^i? T?}? tolovtov irvpyoiv. iX""pdvr(OP olov

ire^ov
^KvTLO'xw,

fxev rjV
avrou

to

8' eKarepwOev I'mrel'i

VaXdrai re koX to irapererd-)(^a.TO KaTd"j"paKroi ^aKeBovwv. Xeyo/ievov dyr^fiarwv elal Be Ka\ dyrj/xa koi Trap'' avTO eTrlXeKTOL, oXBe l'JT7rel"^
Xeyerai.

rdBe fiei' e^ tcrov eKarepcoOev eVl 8' ayroZ^ Ta

TeKToadyat Te Kal TpoKfioi kol eOvti, TLve^ ov^ ToXiaTo^oioi, Koi K-aTTTTaBoKai eirepi-y^ dXXoL ^Apiapd67]"^, ^evoi, Kal /jLiydBe"i KaTd(^paKT6^ fjv Ittttov 1'7TTT0"^ ern Te eKoXovv TolaBe erepa, Kal eTaLpiKYjV, oiirXiafievrj kov^w^. o)Be jxev Kal 6 ^AvTio'Xp'^ Kal BoKet Ttjv eXTrlBaXaTaXaTMV
T

kol re TLve"s Be^id yp-iXol BLaKoaLot,to Be koi pdairiBe's iTnroTo^oTai

fiev

Kepara KaTelxpv iv dpyverepoi linrel'^

Xaiov

rp' tt}?(j}dX.ayyo";

^elv

e^eTaaaev.
LirirevaLv,

eirl rov ttvkvyjv e? oXiyov "f)d\ayya direipoiToXepw';,fjBrj Kal fidXia-ra Gvvayayelv Be Kal dXXo eBei Oappelv rrdvv rjaKy-jpievr].ttoXv Kal ukov7rXr}6o^ Tjv XiOojSoXwv re Kal ro^orwv
rrjv Be fierdiTTov,

ev

TOi?

ov";

7roXXov"; earrjaev

164

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

70,000 and the chap. total force ot Antiochus was strongest body of these was the Macedonian phalanx still arrayed after the fashion of of 16,000 men, Alexander and Philip. Tliese were placed in the centre, divided into ten sections of 1600 men each, in the front line of each section and with fiftymen
The
On the flanks of each section thirty-two deep. were twenty-two elephants. Tlie appearance of the phalanx was like that of a wall,of which the elephants Such was the arrangement were the towers. of the His horse were infantry of Antiochus. stationed on either wing, consisting of the mail-clad Galatians corps called the Agema,i so and the Macedonian An because they were picked horsemen. named stationed on either side of these were equal number Besides these the right wing had of the phalanx. with certain light-armed troops, and other horsemen On the archers. silver shields, and 200 mounted left were the Galatian bands of the Tectosagae, the Trocmi, the Tolistoboii,and certain Cappadocians

furnished by

mingling of other tribes. There was also another body of mailed as horse, and a detachment known the Companion cavalry,which was light-armed. In this way Antiochus to have placed most drew up his forces. He seems he stationed in large reliance on his cavalry, whom numbers on his front, while the phalanx, in which he of should have placed most confidence on account its high state of discipline,was together crowded Besides in a narrow the forces space. unskilfully a great multitude of stoneenumerated there was
to derive this word, Appian seems from ayrjToSy ''admirable."
^

King

Ariarathes, and

probaV"ly wrongly,

'65

APPIAN'S
CAP.
TKTTcov

ROMAN

HISTORY,
re

BOOK

XI

Kol

TTeXracTTcbv,^pvyoiv

UiaiSwv /cat KoX Ilafi(})vX'^ov KlXlkcov e? toi" KprircovrpoTTOV TpaWLavMV KOL iirl re "(TK"vaafieva)v. iTTTroTo^oraL rolaSe erepoL, ^RXv/jLaloi "Ayoa/3e?, kol Adai KOL Mvcrol KaX ot
Ka/jLTjXov^

KaX AvkIcov Kp'ijrcoure koX

re eiTLKaOt^jjievoi TO^evovdi o^vTara's ore kol d(f)' ttXij[ia')(aipaL^, evfiap6i"; v'^rfXav, BpeeTrLpirjKecn /calaTeval^ ')(^po)vraL. cnd^oiev, re irpoiroXecipfiaraiv rw iMeTat^fiiw, Trav^jcpopa

fielv Tov

eLpr]TO avTol"; Tr}v TTpcoTTjv irelpav vTroxoJpelv. /jierd 33. "Oyjnf; re r)v coairep hvo arparayv, rod fuv S' i(j)e8pevovTO";' dp^op-evov 7roXefjL"LV, tov eKarepo^;

irerdxct-ro' koI fjuercoTTOv,

B' avrCiV
re

ImTevcTLV 'Ai^Tto^^o?avT6";,roL"; S' iirl ddrepa Be ^dXayyc^lXltt6 vi6";KyrioyoVytj} ^eXevKo"; MwSi? 6 iXecpavTdpxV^ '^ot? irpopidxoi^ TTO? '^'''^ Be kol re ^o(j)"pd"i Koi ZeOgi?. d-)(\vdiBov'i
^

ecTKevacno KaTdirXri^LV he KoX Koanw. e^eiarrjKet

""?

Sclvm^;
to?? p.ev

rrXijOei Se^LOL";

r^?

yevo/jievrj';, r)fiepa"; i]re

avvadKOVTtcTTalkoX erepoL KOv"f)oi, dpjiara Trepideovra';, yayoiv rd Trpoaera^e, dvrl TOiV Tou? tTTTToi/? e? dKOvTL^eiv eTTi^adxpelov L-n-TTOv ev dpfiarc ^vyofiaxovvTO"; TOiV yap dpfia yiyverai,koI iroXXd Kal t^? XoLirov TO Bpeirava twv dXX7]"; evra^ia^TrapaXverai, ra BeBioTcov. o kol rore avvr}vexOv y^ve"f)LXi(ov I'ttttcov dOpoco^;, Kal ra (jOar TrXrjyevTwv yap ro)v

twv p.ev dXXwv KarelBev ^v/jLevr}";, KaTe"^p6vr]a Be rwv icj)^ TTjv pvfjLtjv app,drcov rerayp^fvcov oaoi eavTov rjcrav avrfo crcpevfidXiara BeL(Ta";,

rjvto? eV dept vypM

eajBearoty]^ o^^l^; iravra dfi^Xiirepa Bei^ew";, /cal rd ro^ev/JLara

kol (TKoreLvw.

eiri-

oirep

eirel

Bovrjrai kol

i66

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

rowers, throwers, archers,javeHn-th and peltastsfrom chap. Phry^ia, Lycia, Pamphjdia, Pisidia,Crete, Tralles, and Cihcia,armed after the Cretan fashion. There

also other mounted archers from the Dahae, Mysia, Elymais, and Arabia, who, riding on swift Avith dexterity from their high camels, shoot arrows position, and use very long thin knives when they Antiochus also placed scytheto close combat. come
were

bearing chariots in the space between the annies to begin the battle, with orders to retire after the

first onset. 33. The appearance of his formation was like that b.c. 190 Battle of of two armies, one to begin the fight,the other held Magnesia Each was arranged in a way to striketerror in reserve. both by numbers and equipment. into the enemy on Antiochus commanded the liorse the right wing in Seleucus commanded the left. person ; his son Philip,the master of the elephants, commanded the to phalanx, and Mendis and Zeuxis those who were begin the battle. The day was dark and gloomy so that the sight of the display was obscured and the aim of the missilesof allkinds impaired by the misty and When Eumenes perceived this murky atmosphere. he disregarded the remainder of the enemy's force, and fearing only the onset of the scythe-bearing mostly ranged against him, he which were chariots, archers,and other light-armed collectedthe slingers, troops under hiscommand, and ordered them to circle around the chariots and aim at the horses, instead of comes the drivers; for when a horse drawing a chariot beuse, and unmanageable, the chariotis of no more also considerably impairs the order of the rest of the side. army, who are afraid of the scythes oftheir own So it turned out then. The horses being wounded in
"-'

167

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
tol"?

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

al re irepic^epovrcDv, (J^lXov; Trpcorai r?}? yaddvovro, TrXrjcrLov KOLiirfkot ara^ia^

apfiara
e?

Tol";apfiaari irapareTa'y pievai, fcal fiera ltttto^;, ov 77 Kard^paKTO^; paBiw^i viro rod
ra

ravra"i

ijBrj TToXu? Kol rdpa)(o";iroiKiXo^, dp^dfievo"^ fiev he diro rwvSe /idXiara, ywpoiv eirXoXov rb pberaiKOI y^fiLov, ev

^dpov^ hwafievrj. Oopv^o^re rjv hpeirava eK(j)"vy"LV

virovoia /jLel^wv kol

rod
ro

dKpi^ov";' co?
kul

yap

Sia(Tr't]fiart fiaKpw
KOL

ttvkvw TrX'tjOeL

TTOLKiXr]
roL"i

dyyov
virovoiav

ttoWm, (j)6^cp

fiev

^ofj ovhk aKpL^e^;

rjv, rr)v

rcbv Traa'^ovrcov KaraXTfTrrov

e? rov"; /xei^ovco'i pbere(^epov.

Be

CKaaroi e^/}?

34. 'O 8' ILvfiev)]^, eirelra

rrpoira /caXo)^ eire-

TrpaKTO

avrS,

kol

/cat rd fcd/Jir]\oL IBlov"; 'FcopLalcov oaot, /cat avrw kol fTTTrea?, Toi)? 'lra\a)i" eirriyev eirlrou"i dvrtKpv 7rapererd-)(^aro, Va\dra"; re Kal Ka7r7raB6Ka";kol rrjv dXXrjv p^eya KeKpaycii"; TrapaKaXwv avvoBov r6)v ^evwv, /cal dTrelpov; dvBpa"; re p^d^V^ '^^' yeyv p,v(op.evov"i eVt rMv Kal /Sapeta? irpo'TToXep.ovvrcov. ol B' eTreidovro,

ocrov at re /xeraiXP't'OV, dp pur a e7rel-)(ev, iyeyvp,v(oro,

ro

rf]"iefji^o\rj"; y"Pop,eP7]^ rpeirovrat rovrovi a(jiOiv re i'Trrrea"^ re p^evov^ avroL"; Kal tou? irape^evy Kal Bed eK iroXXou rapaaaop.evov"^ rd Kara(f)pdKrov";, Bid ro ^dpo"^ dpfiara' ou? Br] Kal p,dXL(rra, viroBvvap,evov";, 17 dvaarpe^eiv "vp,apoj"^ ov (j^evyeiv re Kal rdBe Kal avveKOTrrov. Kare\dp.^av6v Xatov rwv ro p,ev Tjv Trepl rfj^(f)d\ayyo"; Ma"eBovoiv' ev Be^ta Be, fjirep avrb"; 6 ^Avrioxos
ereraKro,

crvvraypa BiaKo-^a'^
ro

rrj"; ^Vcopuilayv

uTrecrTracrev (f}d\ayyo"i

iroXv eirl

cixokcov,

168

THE
great numbers

SYRIAN

WARS

charged with their chariots upon their chap. own thrown into disorderfirst ranks. The camels were as they were next in hne to the chariots, and afterthem the mail-clad horse, who could not easily avoid the of the weight of their armour. scythes on account Great now was tlie tumult and various the disorder started chiefly by these runaways and spreading along worse the apprehension being even the whole field, than the fact. For on that extensive and crowded
in the midst of confused cries and utter battlefield, panic, the truth was not clearly grasped even by those near the danger, and each transmitted the alarm constantly magnified to those next them. 34. Eumenes, having succeeded admirably in his firstattempt and cleared the ground held by the led his own horse and those of camels and chariots, the Romans and Italians in his division against the

Galatians, the Cappadocians, and the other contingent opposed to him, cheering loudly and of mercenaries exhorting them to have no fear of these inexperienced men who had been deprived of their advance supports. They obeyed him and made so heavy a charge that they put to flightnot only those, but the adjoining squadrons and the mail-clad horse, who had long ago been thrown into disorder by the chariots. These horsemen especially, unable to turn and flyquickly,
were overof the weight of their armour, taken and killed. While this was the state of affairs on the left of the Macedonian phalanx, Antiochus, on the right,broke through the Roman hne of battle, divided it,and pursued it for a long distance.
on

account

169

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

35. Kal 7] rjrwv (fydXay^

fxev, CO?

^laKehovwv, Teray/jLevr) iirl arevov re Kal rerpafxeO^linrefDV,

TOiv iTTTrecoi^

Se ycDvov, yeyvjxvwybkvri
TOv";

eKarepwOev,

fiev

Bcaaraaa e? aurrjv iSe^aro irpoirokefJLovvTa^; Kal ttoXiraXiV crvvrjei, Ao/jlltlov S' avrrjv LTnrevcn
Xot?

tov rov"i cttI 'yfnXov'i

en fiercoTrou acjycov

Kol

ev/iapM";, ola ifKivOiovirvKvov, 'yjrLXoL^

ovt

KVK\(oaavTO";,

iKSpa/jbelv ere

ovtco ^dOo"; i^eXi^aL

e-)(pvaa out itoXv, fxaXa KapT"pco"iiKaKo-

irdOeL. KOL riyavaKTOVV avrol /nev Ta,t9 e/jLTreLpiai Be iroXe/iiois rot? ovBev exovTe"^ en ^p^^cr^at, Kal i7nTV')(^el"; TravraxoOev 6vTe";. 6/jlco"; ev^\7)T0L Be ra? (raplcrcra^ e/c rerpayoivov Trpo^aWofievoi 'Pwyua/ou? e? irvKva^ Trpov/caXovPTo ')(elpa'; eXOeiv, del n ov 'Trapel')(ov. fii'iv Kol Bo^av

eiTL^aivovTWv re ovre^ Kal fiapel^ ire^oi irpoeTnjBcov,

Kal T0U9 fxdXicTTa Be Xva jir] to
ottXcov,
aeiav

rSiv 'Iititwv iirl 7roXejjLLov"; opwvre^i,

itvkvov tt}? rd^ecoi^

vtto

"kXv-

yap fMerard^aadaL 'I^co/ialoL

"Tepw";

ovk

S' avTol"s ov pev, ovB^ e? irpoaeireXa^ov BeBiore'i dvBpoiv rjcrKr^p^evcov i/i'Xelpa^ rjeaav, ireiplav re Kal TrvKvorrjra Kal diroyvwaiv, irepiBe iarjKovnl^ov 6eovTe"=; re Kal iaero^evov.Kal oXiyw ttoXXwv avvearoircov. ovBevrjv dxp^^ov w? ii"
ov

ec^Oavov.

yap

ovre el')(^ov

eKKXlvai rd

ovre ^aXX6p,eva

viro rrjs aTropua^, Kal ^dBrjv v7re)((jopovi" eveBihoaav 'VcapLaloi^ einavv direiXfi, irdvv evaraOoi^ Kal avroL"; eroXixwv, ^6^(0"^' ovBe yap rore TrpoaireXd^eLv dXXd rrepLOeovre"^ "^otv e/BXarrrov,p^e)(^Pi, eXe^dvevrcov rwv IslaKeBovcov ev (Tvvrapa')(6

Biacrrrjvac. iroXXd oOev -ijBrj (f)"pofievoL(;

Kapuvovre^

rf]

(pjXayyt

170

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

35. The Macedonian phalanx had been drawn up in CHAP, flanked by horse,but, when a close as it was rectangle, * The Macc-^ denuded of cavalry on either side, had opened to donian receive the light-armed troops, who had been skirmish- broken ing in front, and closedagain. Thus crowded together in a rectangle,Domitius easily enclosed them with his numerous cavalryand light-armedtroops. Having no longer opportunity eitherto charge or to deploy their dense mass they began to suffer severely ; and they
^
"

indignant that they were themselves unable to adopt their accustomed tactics,while they were exposed on all sides to the weapons of the enemy. Nevertheless, they presented their thick-set pikes on challenged the Romans all four sides. They to close combat and preserved at all times the being about to charge. Yet they appearance of foot-soldiers did not advance, because they were and heavily armed, and saw that the enemy were Most of all they feared to relax their mounted. close formation, which they had not time to change. to close quarters nor The Romans did not come approach them because they feared the discipline, the solidity,and the desperation of this veteran corps ; but circled around them and assailedthem
were
none of which missed and arrows, with javelins in dense mass, the their mark who could neither turn the missiles aside nor open ranks and avoid After suffering severely in this way they them. back step by step,with yielded to necessity,and fell formidable to the in perfect order and still threats, Romans, who even then did not venture to close with them, but continued to circle around and wound them, until the elephants inside the Mace-

171

APPIAN'S
CAP.
re

ROMAN
viraKovovTcov

HISTORY,
en

BOOK

XI

6 toI"^e-TTiBaTai^;, Koa/jiO"io T7^9 avve')(eLTO. (pvyv/i^ 36. Kal ravrrj fiev 6 Ao/iltlo^; eKpdret, kol eiii ^Avnoxov TO arpaTOTrehov rod e/Sid^ero (f)0daas 'Az^Tto^^o?"9 6 he avTu" ev Toix; (^vkdacrovTw^'I*a)/xaiKf]"i iroXv Slcokwv Trap' cj)?ck t^}? (pdXayyos ireraKro, ovSevo'^ ouS' eKeivoL"; lirireojv rj yjriXov (pv e? yap Trapererd^^ei eiTLKovpiav 7rap6vTO"i
Kol
ovy

Ao/A6Tto?, rjyov/j-evo^

ov

herjaeaOau Bta

tov

tto-

'VcopLaLcov r}\6ev. eirel '^dpa/co'i he avrov 6 tov 6 re ')(^ikian'y^o"^ "y^dpano'^ (f)v\a^, aKfirjcn rotv cf)v\a^iv vrravTidaa^,e'rTea')(e Trj"i oppby)^ dva/jLL-^OelaL OappovvTe"; 01 rot? Kal (f)evyovTe"; 6 \^Lvr o)? errl eireoTpecbovTo, eiravrjei cro/Sapb^ lo')(o"^ "Arraiwl ddrepa TreTrucryaei^o?. TMV VLKT], toO /JLexpt^ rap-ov),
Ao?

ovhevo"^ 8' avTOVy iTTirevaL o Kv/jbevov^ dheXcfio^, iroWol'^ 'AvTLO)(^o"i koi Tovcrhe fiev evp^apoi^ 6 vTravTid^eL. hiehpafie, koi StaK6ylra"i irapaTpe^ovTOiV eri Kal ovk ft)9 Be /caTel^e fiLKpa XvirovvTwv ""pp6vTi^ei"Tr)v rjTTav Kal to Trehiov dirav veKpwv Ihiwv dv^pcov re Kal 'lttttwv Kal to re 7rXrjpe";, eXe4"dvTcov, Br] Kara Tore )]Srj KpdT0";, aTpaTonrehov el\7]p,p,evov 'Ai^Tto;^o? dp^eraaTpeirTL,Kal P'e^Pi Kal 6 ecpuyev he e? ^dp8ei"; juieaatvvvktcov TraprfKOev. iraprfkOe Kal diro Xdphewv e? KeXaLvd";, fjv ^Kirdixeiav
KaXovcriv,

ol tov

8'

e7rL0vari"; e?

tT/^ errvvOdveTO avp."puyeLv. ^vpuav eV KeXawwv

ev

viov

(TTpaT'r]ynv"^ KeXaivat'^ KaTaXirrcov Toi)^

uve^evyvv,
viroheTrepi

X^o-Oai
Tc TOV

re

tov"; AraldOpol^eiv
tov

hLa"^vy6i
Ta^.

KaraXvaeo)"^
viraTov.

rroXepov
to,
tcl

7rpo9 eVe/xTre 7rpea/3eL"i

6 he

oiKela eOaiTTe, Kal eaKvXeve

avvrp/ev. aly^P-dXcoTa

Toi/?

TToXejuov^, Kal

e(f)dv-

172

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

donian phalanx became excited and unmanageable, chap. Then the phalanx broke into disorderlyflight. Domiti us Total de36. After he had gained this success^ hastened to the camp of Antiochus and overpowered Antiochus Antiochus, the forces guarding it. In the meantime after pursuing for a long distance that part of the Roman legionaries opposed to him, who also were unsupported either by cavalry or by light-armed
Domitius, thinking that the river afforded troops (for to came protection,had not provided any) sufficient But a military tribune, tlie the Roman camp. prefectof the camp, hastened to meet him with his fresh troops and checked his advance, and the fugitives took new courage from their comrades and rallied. The king returned proudly as one who had gained a victory, knowing nothing of what had Attalus,the taken place on the other wing. When brother of Eumenes, with a large body of horse, threw himself in his way, Antiochus easily cut through them, disregarding the enemy, who moved But when he damage. to him and did a little parallel discovered his defeat and saw the fieldof battle horses, and men, strewn with the bodies of his own elephants, and his camp already captured, he fled arriving at Sardis about midnight. precipitately, From Sardis he went to the town Celaenae, which they call Apamea, whither he had been informed had fled. On the following day he that his son in Celaenae to retreated to Syria,leaving his officers He also sent collect the remains of his army. ambassadors to the consul to treat for peace. The dead, latter was engaged in burying his own collecting stripping those of the enemy, and

173

APPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
tmv

BOOK

XI

riaav

'PoffiaLcov he VfiK.poX jiev

e^aareo'^

'nrirel'i

Kol Teaaape"; KalTre^ol rpiaKoaioi /jLaXicrTa, elKO(TL 'Arrto^o? he irevreKaiheKa \Lvfievov"i eKreivev, ou? 0 iTTirel^i fJLovoL.^AvTLoxov he, crvv rol'i

al')(/ia\(OT0i"

iyeyevy^TO. al')(ixa\wTOi

iJivpLov"^-ov airokeaOat irepX irevTaKia eiKCL^ovTo hia to ttXt/^o?. koI yap eu/iaph rjvcipiO/iijcrat, TMV ol fiev avrjprivTO,irevreKaiheKa 8' eXe^dvTwv

VII
CAP.

roaovhe hovojv, "v

/jLoXtara,

37. 'n? S'eVI I'iKp XafXTTpOTurrj kol 7rapa\6ya)"^ rial hoKovar] yeveadau {ov yap etVo? ivo/ii^ov irapa oXiycoTepovi ttoXv irXeiovcov ev aXKorpia yjj MaA:eKparrjaaL, Kal /lakiara

cfydXayyo^;

Tore yeyv [XVacrfxevri^; kuI evavhpovar}";

Kal ho^av afia^ov re kol (po^epdv W.ptio^^ou rrjv TrpoTrereiav ol fxev (piXoL e^oucr?;?), i'^'V (D avTov hia^opa"^ Kal rtjv i^ dpxV'^ [laiov^ T^"? Keppodireipiav re Kal d/3ovXlav eiveixeiK^ovro, re vrjaov Kal AvGiiddx^iCLVavTol"^ oirXoL^; Kal "k ')(eipMV ne9evro"; 7rp]vKal e? Tocrfjhe TrapacrKevj] Kal rijv rod 'EXXrjcr'TTelpav eXOelv toZ? iroXeixloL^, 'VwfxaLwv ovK av TTovTOv ^vXaKi]V "KXt7r6vTO(;, "vfiap(i)";eXincrdvTCDU jSidaaadai T'qv hid^aaw. 8' avrov Kal rrjv reXevTaiav d(f)poKarefjLefKpovTo ro ev crrevu} avvTjv, d^pelov KpdrKTTov rov ireTTOLrjKoro^, Kal rrjv eXTruha Oefievov arparov ev fxaXXov TrXrjOeL crvyKXvhcovdvhpwv ciprLiroXefxcov ipydrai^i re ev dvhpdai hia /xeXeryv Kal 'y^povov i) eK ro overt TToXe/jLOV kou rocjoivhe iroXeuwv e? evroXfilav Kal Odpao"i i^v^rj/jbiv (Ppovifjia
174

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

found chap. dead there were prisoners. Of the Roman twenty-four horsemen and about 300 foot-soldiers Antiochus being mostly those whom from Rome, lost only fifteenof his horse. had slain. Eumenes The loss of Antiochus, including prisoners,was conjectured to be 50,000 ; for it was not easy to number
them
on

account
were

elephants

of their multitude. Some of his killedand fifteenwere captured.

VII

37. After this brilliant, and to many

it did not seem prising victory (for that the smaller force, fighting in larger one a much would overcome
a

people sur- chap. at all likely strange land, sues for

^^**'"

completely, and especially the Macedonian phalanx which was then in a high state of disciplineand valour, and had the reputation of being formidable and invincible), the friends of Antiochus began to blame him for his rashness in quarrelling with the Romans and for his want of skill and his bad judgment from the beginning. They blamed him for giving up the Chersonesus and Lysimacheia with their arms and
coming to blows with the material without even enemy, and for leaving the Hellespont unguarded, could not have hoped to seeing that the Romans force a passage easily. They accused him of his latest blunder in rendering the strongest part of his army useless by its cramped position,and for putting his
war

so

reliance on a promiscuous multitude of raw recruits by long had become who rather than on men training professional fighters, and whose spirit had by many wars. been hardened and emboldened

175

APPIAN'S
CAP.
roiavra

ROMAN
to.

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

fxev rjv

XoyoTroLOv/xeva, irepl 'Ai/Tto;^ou

ra

5' eirrjpTO 'Pa)iiiaLOL";

"Tt

koX ovBev (^povrjfiaTa,

Sva6py"";vtto re apery)^ Brj yap fcal e? So^ap
kul

eivac 'r)yovvTo (7(^i(JLV

kol 6eo)V eiTLKOvpia^'

Kol

ovtco otl ye oXiyoi t" ttoWmp evrv)(^La^ ecpepev iv aWoTpia kol i^icpoSov Kol ev Trpcorr)/nd^^y

yfj Kai ^aaiXiKrj^y ToacovBe eOvMV kol TrapaaKcvrj^; Kai MuKeBovcov, koX ^aSo^r]^ ap6Trj";, [jLLa6o"^6pwv
ai\ea""; avrov
re

fxeyiaTr^v

re

ap-^rjvK"Krr)fievov
ev

xai

"7rLK\7}aiv /xeyaXov,

KEKpary^iKore'^ rjaav
rot?

fjLid. iroXv
"

'AyTto;^09 6 fjLeya";.'* 38. ToidSe fiev Brj Kai 'VwjxaloL irepl "T(f)(o Be 6 avro) i/Traro?, eVel pataa"i 6 e/J.ey aXavxovv 'EXata?, HoTrXfo? dBe\(f)6"; e;;)^/)? rfkOevdiro t^? ^Avtioxov tol^ ol jiev Brj "npecr^eaLv. jxari^e 'Az^Tto;^o9 6 tl ttolcov 6 /3aaL\ev"i fjuaOelv i)^L0vv 'V(OfiaLoi"; o Be IIoTrXio? avTOL"i ecrrai a)Be "^/\09' Bid aurw direKpLvaroatrio^ [xev irXeove^ia 'Ai^Tto%09 KaX TCJV vvv Kai TMV TTporepov yeyovo'Vwfxaiwv dpxrjv rcov, 0? /xeyiarrjv ex"i' re,

rjv to eVo? cr(f)Lcnv

rjfiepa XoyoL^,

/8acr/Xeu? '^v

"

avrov

Kai UroXep^alov avyyevov^; edovrwv e^eiv,

IBiov

%vpiav rrjv kolXijv dcj^elXero Kai 'V(o/xaLOi"; (f)i,Xov irpocrrjKovaav Kai e? rrjv Kvpd)7r7]v ovBev avrw o SpaKrjv k ar ear ifji^aXdyv Kai ^eppovrjaov pecker re e? riy ooxypov fcal AvcTLfidx^LCiv ijyeipev, 'EXXaSa- BteXOdiv eBovXovro tou? '^EXXr)va";vtto dpri avrov6fiov"i 'Vco/iaicov d(f)"L/jievov";, rrepl f^e^pt' SepfjLOTTvXa'^ Kai (puycov /Jid^J}' r)rr7]0rj ovS* cb"; dXXd Kav 6a\drrr) Tv/9 ry

eX7]^e
176

TrXeovc^ia'i,

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

While these discussions were the chap. going on among ^'^ in high were friends of Antiochus, the Romans too hard for spiritsand considered no tasks now them, thanks to the favour of the gods and their own courage ; for it brought them great confidence in their own good fortune that such a small number, in in a foreign the firstbattle and at the firstassault^, a much greater country, should have overcome so many peoples, with all the number, composed of including valiant mercenaries and royal resources, Macedonian the renowned phalanx, and the king himself, ruler of that vast empire and surnamed the Great, all in a single day. It became a common " Antiochus There was a king saying among them, the Great ! were 38. While the Romans thus boasting about their achievements, the consul, his brother, Publius, having recovered his health and returned from Elaea, gave audience to Antiochus' ambassadors. on These wanted to know Antiochus what terms people. To them Scipk. b could be a friend of the Roman Publius made the following reply : " The grasping ^"P^^' has been the cause of his nature of Antiochus the present and past misfortunes. While he was possessor of a vast empire, to which the Romans did he seized Coele-Syria,which belonged to not object, Ptolemy, his own relative and our friend. Then he him, did not concern invaded Europe, which Thrace, fortifiedthe Chersonesus, and subjugated He passed thence into Greece rebuilt Lysimacheia. and took away the liberty of the people whom his had lately freed, and kept on the Romans course tillhe was defeated in battle at Thermopylae, and put to fliglit.Even then he did not abandon
"

"

"

177

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
^ev,

XI

TToWuKL^
'

"XaTT(odel"i airovhoiv
77 ovrov

EXXt] a

y/xcov TreTrepaKorcov,

ehei^Or),

dpri rov Sih Be

vTrepo^iav
revfia

Trporetvofieva virepelhe, /calarpddireipov avOi"; ttoXv koI irapacTKevijv

ra

e^'

e? rrelpav eVoXe/iei, jSia^ofievo^; iXOelv Tot? dpec'voai, j^eXP^ crvvr^ve-xOrj /xeydXcp Se KUKU). r)pd"i ttjv etVo? fiev rjp avrd) fiei^ova ^r]p.lav ^laaap^evq) eiriOelvai, TroXkdKL^ 'Pco/jLaCoK dX\! ovx e? rat? %e4pa? eXOelv v^pi^opiev rot's erepcov drvx^jovK iin^apovpev 6VTrpa^iaL"^y BlBop^ei^ Se oaa fiaaiv. /cal Trporepov avrw oaa TTpovTeLPOpLev, piKpd drra irpoaOevre'^, koL earai koi %p";cr"/ua r^pilv avr"p XvaireXfjTrpo? ro

r^/^a? avvaya^wv

dirkyeadai p.ev avTov e? da(f"dXeiap, /jiiXXov Trj"i EvpcoTTTji; oX,?;? Kal 'Acrta? rcov eVt rdSe rod Tavpov {koX rovroL"; opoi reOrjaovrac), rrapahovvai 8' iX6(fiavra"; daov";e^^i /calvav"; daa"^ dv iinrde? re ^co/iep,

Xolttop

iXe(l)apra"i pep ovk

e^^tp, pav"^

Bovvai Be Kal eiKOcnv opiacopiep, 0 iTrcypdyjrT], opripa, a XP^lpci'^CL arparTjyb^; /cal Bairdpr^p, rov Bl 6? avroi' rr]p rovBe iroXepiov Ev/SoLKa avrl/ca jaep rjBt) yepopepov, rdXapra TTepra/coaia, /cal orap rdcrBe rd"i airopBd"^ 7) crvyKXrjro^ eTTL'^7)^icrr], BLa^p^ia Kal irepraKoaia, Bd)BeKaB'ereaip dXXoK; erepa pvpia Kal Bta-)(LXia,
0(7 a"^
ro

Be

dp dp

eKaarov fiepo'=;

erov";

e? dpacpepopra

'Fcop,r)p'

Kal avr6p,oXa t)pupal^paXwra Evp,epeL oaa Xoiird tt/do?"ArraXop irdpra, Kal r?}?
rop

diroBovpat S*

EvpLEPovi rrarepa avpOrjKT]^ ^x^t. Aprio^fp Trpdrroprc aSoXo)? BiBopep

39. ToadBe
orap (ptXiap,

ravra

re elprjpjjp

Kal
178

rj avyKX7]ro";

irpovreLPep

6 XkctjIcop, Kal irdpra

eirf^rjc^Lar}.''^

THE

SYRIAN

WARS
chap

his grasping policy,for, although frequently beaten at he did not seek peace until we had crossed the sea, Then he scornfully Hellespont. the conditions

rejected

again collecting a vast army and countless supplies, he continued the war to an engagement against us, determined to come with his betters, until he met with this great a severer might properly impose calamity. We punishment on him for his obstinacy in fighting us so
persistently: but
own

offered to him, and

we

are

not accustomed

to abuse

our

prosperity or to aggravate the misfortunes of conditions as before, others. We offerhim the same making some small additions which will be advantageous future security. to us and conducive to his own He must abandon Europe altogether and all of Asia after thisside of the Taurus, the boundaries to be fixed here; he shallsurrender allthe elephants he has, and such number of ships as we may prescribe, and for the future keep no elephants and only so many ships as we allow ; he shall give twenty hostages, whom the consul will select,and pay for the cost of the present war, incurred on his account, 500 Euboic talents down the Senate and 2500 more when during twelve the treaty ; and 1 2,000 more ratifies years, each yearly instalment to be delivered in Rome. He shall also surrender to us all prisoners and deserters, and to Eumenes whatever remains of the possessions he acquired by his agreement with Attains, the father of Eumenes. If Antiochus accepts these conditionswithout guile we offer him friendship to the Senate's and peace subject
ratification." 39. All the terms

Scipio were offeredby ^ "'

accepted ^
179

Treaty

ratified

APPIAN'S
CAT".
VII

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

rcoi to re fxepo"iavriKa ol irpeaf^ei^. e^e')(ovro kol rjv Kol ra CLKoaiv ofirjpa eKOfii^ero, ')(^prjfjbdT(ov ^AvTioxov, "9 he ^AvTLOxo^ 0 v"coT"po"; avTMv vib"; 01 re '^Ki7ricove"i Tr]V 'Voipbrjv koI 6 'Ai'Tto^^o?

kol eirepLTTOv, 7rpecr/5ei9

(TVveriOevTO.

kol

Xoyov'i 'Sklttlcovo^

^ovXrjroi? e'yimafxevoL'^ ijpdcfiovTO aindiJKaL rov^; Kat re ^ejBaLovcrai irepl rwv

rj

doplarcov iiriXeyovaat, kol

opov eiTLXa/i/Sdvovaai,

/Spax^a drra irpoa-

ri]f; dpxV'^ /jL6v 'A^'Tio;^")

'

^apir-qhovLOv, elvaihvo aKpa^, YiaXvKahvov re koL Kol rdaSe /it) irapairXelv Kvrioxov eirl iroXepiw, vav"; Be ex^iv ScoBeKa ii6va"^, al"ie?

KaracppdKTov;

Tov^

vTrrjKoovi TroXe/JLOv Kardpxeiv

TroXe^xov/xevov

3'eK Ti]"i'PcofiaL(t)v Be KoX TrXeoai ^piycr^af fxr^Beva avTr]"^ viroBexecrdaL, ^evoXoyelv, fiy^Be e'f (f)vydBa"; Kcii rd o/xy]pa Bid rpcerlafi evaXXdaaeiv, %wpt9 7^ Wvr loxov. ravra re Tov TraiBb^; (Tvyypay^rdixevoi J^aTTLTcoXiov e? BeXrov"; x^^'^^^ dvaTO KOL e? dvariOeaaiv, 6evTe"s, ov Koi to.? dXXa"; Gvv6i'iKa"^
eTTe/jLTTov

dviiypa^a

MaXXtw

OvovXawvi

tm

BiaBeBey/jLevco ttjv %Ki7riO)Vo"^ (Trpartjyiav. 6 B' M/xvv ToZ? AvTioxov Trepl^Aird/xeiar TTpea^ecTL iirl rovro ^pvyla^, koX 6 'Az^Tto;^o? Trj"; 7r6/jL(f)d SepfKp ;)^tXia/j;^fi). touto /xev Bt] Avt lox^p /ueydXo)
^

kol 7r/309 'Pcoyuatof?TToXepLOV TeXo9 '^v. ehoKei Bid rrjv 69 tov %"x/?ii^ fxexpt' TOvBe irpoeXOelvfiovov TOV

iralBa 40. \\aiTLve";

Xov eirl TwBe,

tov

Avtlox^ I^klttIwvo^;
tov

'

yevopuevriv

^KLTrlcova Bie^aXerraveXOovTci

Bvo Bwpo'^"oKia"^ Brjiiapxoi avTov 6 Be dBo^Mv koi kol iypdyjravTO virepoTrpoBocria'^.

koi

po)v
i8o

TOV

to eyKXriixaTo";,eirel avvifXOe

BtKaaT^pio

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

by the ambassadors. That part of the money wliichchai* ^^^ to be paid down, and the twenty hostages, i/ere was Antiochus, the furnished. Among the latter was chus younger son of Antiochus. The Scipios and AntioThe Senate both sent messengers to Rome. their acts, and a treaty was wr tten carrying ratified left out Scipio's views, detailing what iiad been indefinite,and making certain slight additions. dominions boundaries The of Antiochus were of the to be the two promontories of Calycadnus and Sarpedonium, beyond which he should not sail for He should have only twelve purposes of war. war decked ships with which to commence against he have were more if he but his might subjects, attacked first. He should not recruit mercenaries from Roman territory nor entertain fugitivesfrom the same, and the hostages should be changed every This b.c. 189 third year, except the son of Antiochus. treaty was engraved on brazen tabletsand deposited it is customary to deposit such in the Capitol (where and a copy of it was sent to Manlius Vulso, treaties), He administered in the command. Scipio's successor the oath to the ambassadors of Antiochus at Apamea to the in Phrygia, and Antiochus did the same sent for this purpose. tribune, Thermus, who was This was the end of the war between Antiochus the Great and the Romans, and some thought that it was by reason of the favour extended by Antioci.us to Scipio's son that it went no farther. 40. When Scipio returned, some persons accused b.c. is7 him of this, and two tribunes of tliepeople brought a Accusation charge of corruption and treason against him. He y^jp^J made lightof it and scorned the accusation, and as his trial was fixed for the day which happened to
i8i

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Ovcriav Kapxv^ova irore r}/j.epa"; irapecm^craTO, "^9 KaTrtrcoXtov, koI "? to hiKa e? to Trpovire/jLyjrev
arrjpLov
avTL

avTo";

eVi Xa/JLTrpova)(^/]fjLaTO" TrapfjXOev

Kal
Tairetvov twv

oLKTpov

o)? virevOvvcov,

re kol e"? evvoiav, eirlTwSe irdvTa^ iKirXrj^ai "v6v"^ Sf)avveiZoTi o)? eVt ')(^p7](TTcp /jLeyaXocfypovov/ Be Xeyeiv TrpoaayayeaOaL. t^9 p.ev ap^djievo^ Se ^iov kavTov tov KaTr}yopia"^ ouS' eTrefiv^adr), iire^^ei, Kal epya iravTa Kal Kal eTTiTTjSev/jiaTa iiroXeixtjaev TToXe/xou? 6aov"^ virep Tr)"; irarpiho'^, avTMV o)? eTroXefxrjaev, oadKL"^ re Kal eKacTTOV evLKrjaev, ""? eyyeveaOat rot? aKpowjievois tl Kal Bca ttjv laTOpiav Tfj"; iirei aefivoXoyia"^. r'jBovrjf; Be TTore e? i^dpa"i irporjXOev eVt ^ap-)(i]B6vay

^avTaalavraSe

fidXiaTa, Kal op/nri'^avTo*; re elrrev otl "/x7rXr/aa";, Kal to ttXtjOo'^ efjLirX'))(j9el'; 7]pLepa^eyco TdBe eviKwv Kal Ha p^rjBova TTJa-Be T?}? vpuVi ft) TToXiTac, TrepLeTTOLOvv, Tr)v reo)? vixlv eViaTreifii Br} Bvawv tPj^ rj/xepa^ e? to ^o^wTaTrjv.
KaTTiTooXiov' Kal
vfioiv
oaoL

tt}? "j)LXo7r6XLB6";

6uaia"i fioL, yiyvopbevT]^ virep v/jl(ov avvdy^aade. KajnTcoXiov TavTa Kal e? to edei, /Jbr/Bev r^? e(f)^], 5' BiKrjfi to eiTrero avTw ttXtjOo'^ Kal "j)povTLcra"i. BiKaaTOiv crvv OL ^ofj, TrXeove^ tmv Kal ev(f)j]/jLq) dvovTi 6/ioia ol KaT^yopoi B\ rjiroeire"^(i)Vovv. avTw Tyu Blktjvavdt^;")? areXepovvTO, Kal ovre
aTOV

eToX/xYjcrav
re

BvvardiTepov avTov BrjfioKOTria^,

v7rovoia"i

ovTe eTriypu'^aL, tov

^lov elB6Te"i

/xe/jL-yjra

Kal Sia/SoX,?}?.

182

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

Carthage, he chap be the anniversary of his victory ovei ^^' to the Capitol in advance of sent victims for sacrifice his coming, and then made his appearance in court clad in festive garments instead of the mournful tion, and humble garb customary to those under accusaa he at once pression made profound imwhereby on all and predisposed them favourably as high-minded to a of his own citizen conscious he began to speak he did not rectitude. When even the accusation against him, but mention detailed the events of his life, what he had done, the wars he had waged for his country, how he had torious. carried on each, and how often he had been vicThey listened with actual pleasure to this to the overthrow he came proud narration. When roused to the highest pitch of Carthage he was of eloquence and filledthe multitude, as well as himself, with enthusiasm, saying, " On this very day, O citizens, I won the victory and laid at your feet Carthage, that had lately been such an of object Now I am going up to the Capitol to terror to you. appointed for the day. As many offer the sacrifice in the sacrifice, me of you as love your country join Having finished which is offered on your behalf" his speech he hastened to the Capitol, having The ignored, the crowd, charge against him. him, followed including most of the judges, with continued while he joyful acclamations, which were accusers were was performing the sacrifice. The at a loss, and did not dare to call him to trial had not been the ground that the case again, on fully tried, or to charge him with demagogism, because they knew that his whole life was stronger
than suspicion
or

calumny.
183

APriAN'S
CAP,
Twv

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

41. 'O jxev 8r}^KiTTicov dva^ioi a)Se e"^/K\rjfiaro^

hoKelv, ^ApLareuSov nepl kXotttj'^ koX ^wKpaTOV^ l'tt' Trepl wv eveKaXelro ovhev elirovrcov aSo^la^ 6/jL0ia"^, SoKet UXcltcovl, ^(OfcpaT0v"^ a rj elirovro'^ Se apa icai ^ETra/jieivcovSov, o"i fieyaXocjypoveaTepov d/ia UeXoTTiBa kol ire /j,ei' pay, i^e6i3oi(ordp')(eL Be avTov"i eKacrrw arparov ol %r]^aloi, Tre/jAJrav MecrarjvLOif; B6vTe"^, TroXeeiTiKOvpelv ^ApKacrc kol AaKcopcov, ovTTco S' oaa VTTO eirevoovv fjbov/x"voi"; "pyacra/x"Vov"i eirl Bia^oXfj fierefcaXovv. ol Be iirlp,r}va"^ ov roi"; BiaBoxoL'^ ri]V dp')(r)V e^ crcpMv ra AaKeBaip^ovLCOv ew? ^ povpia KaOeiXov p,e9r}Kav, ^ApKahcov, 'EvraKOL eTrearrjcrap avdi^ erepa tmv dvajKaTou"i e? tovto /jL"LvcovBov
re, ^ovt6";

ifJLol ^e/3L(o/jiei'(ov ol Karecfypovrjae, aocjicorepov,

(TvaTpaT'yjyov^

epyov avroU koX vTroBexop^evov to d^'^fjiLov eaeaOai. iirei Be avTol"^ eiTaveXOovcnv BicoKovTe^;, eTip,oivro Oavdol Karr\yopoi, KaB' eva rov rov etc jSiw^ {davdT(pyap 6 v6p,o(; i^rj/XLOv dp')(rjv dXXorpiav), dp^avTa ol fiev erepoi Btecfivyo OL/CTO) re kol kol \6yoL"^TrXeioai, rrjv '^(pcopevoL ^KirapeLvoivBavdvacpepovTe^;, avrov alriav e? rov Xeyeiv \eyovcrii' ovrco kol vrrodepevov uvtol^ eTTt/jLapTvpovvra- 6 Be Kpivopei'd TeXevralo"; "opo" 07a),"
KOL
ov

dp^at rovBe rov ')^p6vov, 7rapav6pco"; ecjit],

direXvaare
rov ro)v vvv,

"

ou?

irapaLrovf-Lai

eyco avvavayKdaai. Odvarov 7Tapavop7]aa"i.

Kara

/cai

airCo
rov

S' u/ta? dvri

VLKt]cra";

iTriypdyjraL' ovr6"i eariv rd(})ov

Kal
ri]v

pLOL irpo^e^icopevwv
"

6 rreplAevKrpa
ov^ e')(ppov"^

irarpita, rov"?

T84

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

41. In this way Scipio showed his contempt for an chap. ^^^ wisely, accusation unworthy of his career, acting more as I think,than Aristideswhen charged with theft,or Socrateswhen accused as he was ; for each of these under a like calumny made no reply,unless Socrates said what Plato makes him say. He displayed too B.a 8C9 Similar to loftier a spiritthan Epaminondas, when he held the office of Boeotarch with Pelopidas and one other,of EpmniThe Thebans gave each of them an army and sent "^n^as them to assist the Arcadians and Messenians, in war against the Lacedaemonians, but recalled them on account of certain calumnies, before they had accomplished did do. Yet to intended they they what for to their successors the command not hand over daemonian six months, nor until they had driven out the Lacegarrisons and substituted Arcadians in their places. Epaminondas had compelled his colleagues had to take this course and undertaken that When be they returned they should not punished. home their accusers prosecuted them separately, the law made it assessing their penalty at death (for a capital offence to withhold by force a command but the other which had been assigned to another), by exciting pity and by two escaped punishment long speeches, putting the blame on Epaminondas, to say this and who who had authorized them tried to the truth of their words. He was testified last. "I acknowledge," he said,"that I retained beyond my time, contrary to law, and the command that I coerced those whom you have just acquitted. Nor do I deprecate the death penalty, since I have broken the law. I only ask, in return for my past ' services, that you inscribe on my tomb, Here lies the victor of Leuctra. Although his country had

VOL.

II.

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
rt?

BOOK

XI

vTTo/iievovaav,

ovS'
rrjv

ec

^evo"; e%ot
avTrjv

AaKcovcKov
Trpoayaywv.

ttlXov,
ovro";

eirX
vTTo

XTrdprrjv

avrjprjraL, 7rapapofjL"]aa"i iraTpiBo'i rr}? iirl avfi(j)"povTt rauT elircov t^? nrarpiho^.'''' rov re ^rj/naro'^, koI irapehihovto aay/xa Kare^rj

8e tc3 re ol SifcacrTal rov \6you kol davfian rr]"; koI oveihei aTroXoyla^; diroXoyov fievov ra? -y^rji^ov^ alhol Tov dvBpo"; ov-^ ScKacrTTjgk tov v7roaT(ivre";Xa^etvy
ToZ? edeXovaiv airayayelv.
,

e^eSpa/iov
w?

piov.
42. TaSe fiev Bt]Ti9j

iOeXoL,(TvyKpiveiv e^er MaA-\t09 Be 6 TOO '^klttlcovo'^ SidBoxo^ ttjv d(})atpedelaav *Avtl6xov yijv iTricovKaOiaTaTO, Kal TaKaTMV ^AvTi6)(^a) ToXiTOiv (TV/ji/jLa)^rjcrdvTQ)v ^Ivaiov "OXvfie? tov dva^vyovTa^ aTojSoiOVf;, 6pov"; tov TTOV, eTpeTreTO 0eu-

e7rt/jL6xO(o";
eo)?
e/CTeive to

ein^d^

yovTa"^,

Bid dpi6/jL7](raa6ai XcoTovi; 5'

oirXa
KaTeKavae,

eXa^ev e?
ra

oaov"; Kal KUTeKpyj/jLVLcrev 7rXPj$o^ovk eyeveTO, al)(fiaTeTpaKLafivpiov;, mv to. fiev Be acofiaTa, ov Bwdfievo^

avXi^o/jLeuov^; e^vyev vtto ^e/Sva/jLevov; TrepieaTrjae tov"; yjnXov^i ttXtjOov; avTOL"i, iaaKovTi^eiv Kal irepirpex'^v eKeXevev ^rjTe TrpocnrXeKO/ievouq /I'^Te ovBeir\ricnd^ovTa";.
Be 0eXov"; dTV)(^ovvTO'i Bed t)]V TrvKVOTrjTa tmv kol e? 6KTaKi(TX,i'Xlov";, TToXefiLcop,eKTeivev eBlw^e XoL7rov"i virep '^AXvv "Trora/iov. ^Apiapddov Tov"i
vo^

ev iroXefJuoi^; ToaovBe irXrjOo'^ irepidyeadai, toI^ diTeBoTO. ev Be TeKTocrdyaif; iyyv"; ^ap^dpoL"i te TpoK/ioif; eKLvBvvevae jnev ipeBpa^, xal Kai e^ Be e? ts e-rraveXOoov Kal

i86

THE

SYRIAN
or

WARS
even
a

stranger that chap. he his Laconian led fellow-citizens to ^^^ wore the cap, the very doors of Sparta. His country put him to death for breaking the laws for his country's good.' After saying this he stepped down from the rostrum and offered to surrender his person to anyone who The judges, wished to drag him to punishment. moved by the reproval in his words, by admiration for the man for his defence, and by reverence who it, did but to ran the take out vote, not wait uttered The 42. reader may compare of the court-room. he likes. cases as together these Manlius, who succeeded Scipio as consul, went b.c. i89 to the countries taken from Antiochus and regulated Manilas The Tolistoboii, one them. of the Galatian tribes in scipio alliancewith Antiochus, had taken refuge on Mount Manlius Olympus in Mysia. With great difficulty
"

not dared to face this enemy,

and pursued them as they ascended the mountain fled until he had killed and hurled over the rocks so large a number that it was impossible to count them. He took about 40,000 of them prisoners and burned impossible to take about their arms, and as it was was with him so many captives while the war he barsold them to the neighbouring barians. continuing, Among the Tectosagi and the Trocmi he fellinto danger by ambush and barely escaped. He back against them, however, and finding them came rounded packed together in a great crowd in camp surlight-armed his them with troops and rode to shoot them at a distance, around ordering his men The but not to come to close quarters with them. dense that no dart missed its mark. so crowd was He killed about 8000 of them and pursued the remainder beyond the river Halys. Ariarathes, king 187

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^^'

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

kol KaTTTraBoKcou /3aaL\eco"i, rovSe avjjbfxdhehioTo^ Seo^Avri6-)((p, re kol ')(ov"i Tre/A-vZ/'a/^To? BiaKoaia raXavra /xevov KOI cttIrfj Tre/xyjravTO'i heiqaeL rrjv ')(OL"pav iireSpa/jLev, ovk aX}C e? rbv

Be Tov

avv re kol iiravrfKOe 'KWijcrTTOVTOV yd^rj TToWfj aTret/JOi? Kal \eia ^apurdry koI arparS) "^pijfiaaiv

Karayojxw. 43. TaSe

TO

fxev Ka\(t)"; e-ireTrpaKTO

rw

MaWio)'

8' evrevOev aXoyo)^ 6epov"i wpa "Trdfjurav to ovre o)V /3dpo"i TrXevaaL fiev virepelhev, eTT^yero hiaiTOvelv i7reiy6/j,evo"; our' evdvfxLov, 7TOiriadjjLevo"; 6hoL7roplaL"^ ovk en e? 7] arparov

yvpLvd^eiv

TToXe/xov op/iojvra aXX'

eiravLovra,

e?

olKeiavfMera Xa(fivpcj

hia he Spa/crjf; coBeve, arevrjv kol jjLaKpav Kal BvcrlBarov oBov, 7rvLyov"; (opa, ovr ^CkiTnrw drravrav, "9 MaKeBovlav TrpoeTria-reika'^
'iva Tra

lev avrov, pair e/j-yjre

ovre

rov

arparov

e?

fJieprj TToWd

'Iva BieXcov,

(BaBitoi Kal Kov(f)6repov

ovre ev/i'ipearepa e)(^0L, ')(^pr]aL/jia rd aKevo e? \6)(0V(i ^opa avvrd^a"i opOtov;, IV evcfjvXaK firjKO^ rorepa y. dX)C dOpow; rjyev d7ravra"; eirl ev fieaw, firjre rcov TToXv, Kot rd aKevo(f)6pa el')(ev iiTLKOvpelv jJLrjre rdv rrpocrdevavroL"; Bvva/xevcov Bid 6/jLov kol areporrjra rr'}? omcrOev 6^e(o"; /jL\KO"i iravjayoOev e? rd rrXdyia rtov oBov. o6ev avru) SpaKMv eiTiKeiixevwv, iroXv fiepo"^ dirdiXecre re rr)? Btj/jbOcrLcov Xeta? Kal rcov By] ')(pr]/j.drcoi' Kal avrov rov arparov. fxerd Be roiu viroXoLTTcov e? MaK"Bcviav Bteacodr]. rp B"fKal fidXtara eyevero Kara-

rd

oaov (^ave";

Mvriae
caov

TraparrefiiTwv

rov"i

^Ki7rLQ)va";
MaKeBovLa"i

6 *t"LXt7r7ro";, Kal

y/iiaprev 'Ai^rto^o? eKXnrcbv

ck

rrjv Xeppovrjaov.

6 Be MdXXLO"i

re

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

of Cappadocia, who also had sent military aid to chap. ^" Antiochus^ became alarmed and sent entreaties, and 200 talents in money besides, by which means he b.o. iss kept Manlius out of his countiy. The latter returned to the Hellespont with much treasure, countless heavy loot, an money, very and overburdened
army. 43. Manlius had done well so far,but he aftera disaster wards foolishlyneglected to take the precaution of"'""'""" time, and returning home by water, as itwas summer no he burden was in account of the making carrying, fact that tlierewas no longer any need spite of the to give hard work and marching exercise to his but returning not going to war, army, which was home with its spoils, he proceeded by a long, narrow, heat. road through Thrace in a stifling and difficult He neither sent word to Philip of Macedonia to did he divide his army meet and escort him, nor into parts,so that it might move lightlyand more have what was handy, nor did he needed more for greater station his baggage between the files, security; but he led his army in a single long column, with the baggage in the centre, so that neither the vanguard nor the rear-guard could render assistance to it quickly by reason of the length of the column and the narrowness of the road. So, when tions, the Thracians attacked him in flank from alldireche losta large part of the spoils, and of the but escaped public money, and of the army itself, into Macedonia with the remainder ; and this disaster shewed how great a service Philip had rendered by escorting the Scipiosand how Antiochus had blundered in abandoning the Chersonesus. Manlius passed from Macedonia into Thessaly, and
189

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
"k

BOOK

XI

SeaaaXlav BieXOcop koI

Dpevrecriov eirepa, Kai

0t(XcraXta?"HTreioov "";
arpari-av
e?
ra

ti^v \onrr]v

iiTavrjXOev e? Sta^et? olfCELa 6 Ylepydfiov Be Kal Kvp"i"y]"i 44. 'PoStoi ^aatX"v";

^

'Vaofirjv.

fieya

fcar eirlrfj (f)povovPT"";

KvTt6')(ov avpLfiax'-'^^

VoBlol Be 'PoSi'oi? Be 7r/jecr/3et9 jiev eirepirov. i)fiovXr) ou? ov ttoXv varepov eBcoKeAvfCLOV";re koX ]^dpa";,
Kvfiei^r)"; fxev
avTo"^

eV

'Vcofirjv iareWero,

aTre(TT7]aev

avrcov

")?

Uepcrei rw

MaKeBovt fiaXXov

TroXe/iovai rj a(f)Lai

rep Ilepaet irpoOuporepwv

Xolttci ocra 7rapea')(^op 'iiXX7']V(oi' rwv ev

"yevop,evcov, Eu/zei^et Be

^AvTLOxov, %"i)/3l? d"prjpy]vro

avTOL'^.
TovTwv

Be

oaot

fiev 'ArraXft)

Eu/xei^ou? ereXovv

eKeXevaav "f)6pov"i,

Trarpl ^v/ievec au/i-

tw

5' oaoL irpcoTOV ereXovv, (f)epeLV, Xvcrav tcov fcal avTOVopiOV^ d(^rjKav. (f)6p(ov
VIII
CAP. v^^^

'Ai^T^o;^ro

dire-

45. *nSe fiev Voyfialoi BieOeuro rh BoptKTyjra,

^

AvTioxov
rov

5' vcrrepov

rov

fieydXov

^aaiXeco";

reXevTi]aavTO"^
KCbi

o u/o?BidBo')(p"i ylyveiaL]EeXeuA:o9

'Avrloxov vtto tt}? e^eXvae dvriBov^ rov eavrou *Vwiialoi^ 6fnjpeLa";, TralBa eic Ar)p.i]rptov. ^Avrioxou B' eiraviovro^ tt)? ^A6i]va";, 6 ere 6/jLr)peLa"; ovro^ /uev irepX Kal 'llXioBoopourivo^ rcov SeXeuATO? e'feV^ySouX?'}? 8' 'HXioBcopov rov irepl rT]V avXrjv dTToOvrjcTKei, Ev/j,evr)"i Kal Ar raXo^ e? rrjv dpxw ^ici^opbevo

dB"X"l)ov oBe

"

I go

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

thence into EpiruS;, crossed to Brundusium, dismissedchap. left of his army to their homes, and what was returned to Rome. 44. The Rhodians and Eumenes, king of Pergamus, Rewards Eumenes were very proud of their share in the alliance set out for Rome in against Antiochus. Eumenes person and the Rhodians sent envoys. The Senate gave to the Rhodians Lycia and Caria,which they took away from them soon afterward, because in the between the Romans war and Perseus, king of Macedonia, they showed themselves rather favourable to him. They bestowed upon Eumenes allthe rest of the territorytaken from Antiochus, except the Greek cities in Asia. Of the latter, those that formerly tributary to Attains, the father of were Eumenes, were ordered to pay tribute to Eumenes, while those which formerly paid to Antiochus were dent. releasedfrom tribute altogether and made indepen45. In this way the Romans disposed of the lands they had gained in the war. VIII

to

Afterward, on the death of Antiochus the Great, chap. VIII his son Seleucus succeeded him, and gave his ^ ^ ^g^ Demetrius as a hostage to the Romans in place successorson arrivedat chustho of hisbrother Antiochus. When the latter Athens on his way home, Seleucuswas assassinated as the resultof a conspiracy of a certain Heliodorus,
one

; but when Heliodorus sought of the court officers driven to possesshimself of the government he was Antiochus out by Eumenes and Attains, who installed

191

APPIAN'S
CAP.
VllI

ROMAN
'

HISTORY,
Xvtioyov
\

BOOK
e?
"

XI

eK^dWovcFi,KoX
"

rov

avTrjv
\

Kardrivonf

i''

"^

5.

yovcTLV, eraipiLO/iievoi
^

tov

{]St] kol Trpoa-Kpov/xdrcov

irovTO. ovTco

fiev

o'lBe 6 Kvno-x^ov Avrio')(p^

orw

airo avopw 'yap 'Pwyu-atou?

VTrejSXeeVco-

tov

/xeyaXou

^vpLa"; eireKpaTi-jaev
vv/jbov TjV

irapa

tmv

^vpwv
a

fievr]"; t?}? "^PX^? pira^o eTri(^avrj";, dWoTpLcov /3acrtXeu9 VTTO oIk"lo"; avvOeaxjiOrj. Be ^vpia^ kol JLv/JciveL, ^iXiav avp.fia'x^Lav jxevo'i

otl

iOvcov iyKparo)^ VPX^' BaySuXcoi't^ijjiap'xpvy ev eiri fiev eywv (TarpoLTrriv he raL"; 7rpoaoBoL";'HpaKXelBrjv, dBe\(f)co jiev Be avrov dXKrfkoiV, djjicf)(o jevajxevco iraiBiKd. Be Jm Apra^lavtov Apfievicov /cat earpdrevae
KOL
Twv

Trerl

avrrjv

""

^aa-iXea.
Kal avTov ekcov eTeXeuTrjaei', eWaere? ''AvTio^ov, diro\iTr(s)v, w oi'Ofjia irpoaeOiiKav iraiBiov 7raTpo"; dpeTrjv. evirdTwp 01 ^vpot Bid ttjv tov Avala^. r) Be avy^XyTO^ Koi TO TraiBlov
46.

Avtio^ov yevviKov YjcrOr) (pavevTOf;oXlyco dirodav6vTo";. Arj/ubrjTpiov KOL re tov Ta')("co"; ^eXevKov pbev vlov Wvti6)(0v Be tov e7rL^avov" Be tov dBe\(f)iBovv, vlcoi'ov jieydXov hvTio'xov,
ev tov
^

eTpecpe

iratBiWyoyuripevovTa eTi ev ^Vdyfir] Kol eT09 dyovTa TpiTov eVt toI? elKoaiv,e? ^aaiXeiav KaTa\Qr]vai irapaKaXovvTa TTjv w?
ov (xvp,avT(p /jbdXXov irpoar^Kovaav, ov KaT-rjyov, ^vpwv dpyeiv riyovfievot TeXeiorepov a(f)Laiv (f)epei,v

ovTa dve'yjriov tmBc

tw

dvTi TraiBo'^ aTeXov^;.

irvvOavoiMevoi3' ev

^vpta

Tcdv elvac kol vav"; irXelova"; (TTpaTov T eXecfydi'Twv ^Avt eTre/nirov, o'ltov"; oypia/xevcov l6x^P"'rrpe(T^ei"; kol Tat; vav"; iXe(j)avT(i"? e/xeXXov avyKo^jreLV BiaTrprjcreiv, r]v dvaipovjievcov ol/cTpdBe rj 6-\ln"i

192

THE therein
in

SYRIAN

WARS

his good-will; for, by chap. order to secure reason of certain bickerings, they also had already Thus Antiochus, grown suspicious of the Romans. the son of Antiochus the Great, ascended the throne Antiochus of Syria. He was calledEpiphanes (the Illustrious) ^P'P^^'*"'^' by the Syrians,because when the government was seized by usurpers he showed himself to be a true b.c. 175 king. Having cemented his friendship and alliance with Eumenes he governed Syria and the neighbouring firm hand. a He nations with appointed Timarchus a satrap of Babylon and Heraclides as treasurer, two brothers, both of whom had been his favourites. He also made an expedition against Artaxias, king of Armenia, and took him prisoner. 46. Epiphanes died, leaving a son, Antiochus, nine b.c. 164 years of age, to whom the Syrians gave the name of Antiochus ^"^P^*"'' Eupator, in commemoration of his father'sbravery, and the boy was educated by Lysias. The Senate at the premature death of Antiochus,who had rejoiced given early proof of his spiritednature, and when Demetrius, the son of Seleucus and nephew of Antiochus Epiphanes (grandson Antiochus the of Great and first tage this at thistime a hoscousin of boy), at Rome, and twenty- two years old,asked that he should be installed in the kingdom as belonging to him rather than to the boy, the Senate would not for allow it. They thought that it would be more their advantage that Syria should be governed by an immature boy than by a full-grown man. Learning that there were many elephants in Syria and more ships than had been allowed to Antiochus in the treaty, they sent ambassadors thither, to kill the elephants and bum the ships. It was a pitiful sight,

193

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

6rjpiQ)V T6 koI vecov i/jLTrnrpar]/jL"p(oi" Kol cnraviwv, fievwv Kal Ti9 iv KaohiKeia AeirTii779 rr}V

o-^lv

iveyKcov,FiaLov ^Oktclovlov tov rSivhe twv iv tou "yvfiva"TL(p, rjjefjLova, Trpia/Secjv aXeKpofievov htexpw^^'TO. Kal TOV fjiev ^Oktuovlov eOairrev 6 Aucrta?, Be avdi"; e? rrjv avyKXrjrov iaeX47. At)fjL'r]rpLo"i Ooav iBeiTO rrjf; jovv 6fir]p6ia"; airoXvOrjix6vri"^ 8' ^Avti6)(^ov AvTioxov fiev avriSoOei^i, vai, CO? 8' irvyj^^avev ovSe rovBe, aiToQavovTO^;. eTrel ovk d(Tfi"V(o"^ avrov kol Be^afievcov XaOoDV
ovK
^

Avalav kol to iraiBiov eV 'WpaKkelBrjv i/c^a\cov, kol avTM Bia(j)0eipa";, Kal Tl/xapyov iTravccTTd/ievovaveXcov, Kav raWa
Tcov

^vpwv

e^eirXevae,
r]p^e,tov

t"

TTj^ 7rov'"ipo3"i

V"a^v\Mvo"^ rjyovjjbevov' e"^' o5 kol TOiv ^a^vXwvlwv, oiVOfidaOrj. crcoT7]p,ap^afievcov

KpaTwdfievof;Be ttjv dp^W o An^fxrjTpioi^ (7Te(f)av diro ^VQ)fjLaL0L"; T6 "^(pvaMV fivpucov, yapKTTrjpLov AeirTivrjv tov kol Tr?9 TTore Trap' avToh o/xrjpeia^;, ^O/CTaoviOv. oi Be tov fiev dvBpo(j)6rov crTe"pavo Be AejrTLvrjv tl ovk tovt ")? Bi^ eBexovTO, eXajBov, Be TajJuevopLevoi. Arjin^Tpio^} eyKXrjfjba T0L"i %vpoi"; KairiraBoKcov dpxv^ 'Apiapddrjv "K Tr]^ Kol ^()Xo(j)epvr}v eirlx^XiOL^;TaXdvroL'; dvT "K^aX(ov, ^ApiaavTOV KaTijyayev, dBeXcj^ov elvac Bokovvtu eBoKeL jxev, ")? dBeX"pov"; pudov. KOL 'Vco/jLaloi'^ /SacrtXeveivopLOV. Apiapd$r}v Kal ^OXo(f)epi'r}v Be Kal TCOvBe 48. ^EiKireaovTcov Kal ^ApLo/Bap^dvov ov ttoXu vcrTepov vtto ^\.l6 [jLeT avTOv"i piBdTov tov 6 MidpLBdTecof; 7r6Xefio"; YiovTLKOv ^aaiXeci)"i, eVt
194

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

the killingof these gentle and rare beasts and the chap ^ '^ burning of the ships, and a certain Leptines of Laodicea was so exasperated by the sight that he stabbed Gnaeus Octavius,the chief of this embassy, while he was anointing himself in the gymnasium, and Lysias buried him. before the Senate again and 47. Demetrius came asked at all events to be released from acting as a hostage,since he had been given as a substitute for dead. When Antiochus, who was now even this request was not granted he escaped secretlyby boat. As the Syrians received him gladly,he ascended the b.c. ic2 throne after having put Lysias to death and the boy Demetrius and with him. He removed Heraclides from office killed Timarchus, who rebelled and who had administered the government of Babylon badly in other respects. For this he received the surname of Soter bestowed upon him which was first (the Protector), by the Babylonians. When he was firmlyestablished in the kingdom he sent a crown valued at 10,000 Romans as a giftof their former piecesof gold to the hostage, and also delivered up Leptines, the murderer They Octavius. but crown, the not of accepted Leptines, because they intended to hold the Syrians responsiblefor that crime. Demetrius further took b.c. 159 the government of Cappadocia away from Ariarathes and gave it to Olophernes, who was supposed to be the brother of Ariarathes,receiving 1000 talents therefor. The Romans, however, decided that as brothers both Ariarathes and Olophernes should reign together. 48. These princes were deprived of the kingdom Ariobarzanes,also, later a little and theirsuccessor, by Mithridates, king of Pontus. The Mithridatic
" "

195

APPJAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI
fiejia-

Tw^e Kal
TO?
T"

erepoi^ rjp^aTo avviaraaOai, ""/)'

Kal 7ro\vrpo7r(OTaTO"; eOveat ttoXAoZ? reayevofievo^;, teal 7rapaT"Lva"; e? errj fxaXiara 1.vpoL"i etc aapciKovT-'J,iv oh TroWal jxev ap-)(^a\ Tov /SacnXeLOv yevov"i oXiyoy^povLOi irufXTrai' e'yevovTO, iroWaX he rpoTralKal e7ravaa-TdaeL"i eirl diro IlapOuaLoi re tt poairoorTdvTe"s ra ^acriXeia. MeaoTroTafiLav e? rr]"; rcbu leXeuKiSMV dpy^r}"; 'EeXevKiSai^; "auTOv"; virr}irepieairaaav, f) roi? ^ApfjL"VLa"; 6 Ti,ypdvr]"; K0V6V. Kal ^acn\ev"^ tmv Tt.ypdvov"; eOvq iroWa TrepiOiKWv lBloi^ diro rovSe hwdarai's ^pco^uei^aeXcov, ^aai.X6u";

^aaiXicov rjjelTo elvai, Kal

rot?

'^eXevKihai";

idiXovaiv v-aKoveiv. ov^ eTrearpdrevev ovk ^Aptlo^ov 6 tov VTroardpTOi; S' nvrov evcre^ov^, ocra TLypdvr)"; /xer ^v(j)pdT7]v, rjpx^ Supta? t?}? yevTj '!Evpcov Kal /^e%/3iAlyvTrrov. VPX^ ^^ 6/jlov leXeuKuSaL^; KtXiKLa"; {Kal yap rjBe toI"; viryJKOue) diraaiv,eirlerr] Mayahdrrjv arparyjybv iircTd^a^i TecraapeaKaiSeKa.
49. AevKoXXou

Be rod 'Vcofzatcov arparriyov Tiypdvr]v TOV "9 MidpiBaTTjv SLcjoKovTo"i V'7rO"p"V tov 6 MayaBdrr]"; /xera (jTpaTov yovra, rjei iv 'Viypdvri j3oi^67]ao}i", TwBe irapahv'se? T-tiv Kal Ivpiav 'AvT ioxo^ o'Avtioxov tov evcre^ov^ rjpx^
TOiv

Svp(ov eKovTwv.
avTov

Kal

avTO)

6 Ttypdvr} TrpcoTO^ tg
Tov

'^IcOpiYlofiTTTjio^ Si, 6 eVl AevKoXXw Tiynavr) /xev 'Ap/xewa? (jvvexd"pTiaev 8(iTr]v i^eXcov, ^AvTLoxov Be apx^i-Vy t/}?%vp(ov dpx^l'^, "^r/3aXe 'F(D/jLaLov"; dfiapTovTa, epyw fiev otl yv ovBev "?
iraTpwa^iq6

77}?

rr}? 7roXe//,?^cra9 ovk dpx^l'i icpOovrjaev e^eXdcra";,

A"vkoXXo"; /liv, iiriKTrjKal

THE
war

SYRIAN

WARS
"

chap. grew out of this event, amoncr others, a verjto many nations and great war, full of vicissitudes lasting nearly forty years. During this time Syria had many kings, succeeding each other at brief but allof the royal lineage,and there were intervals, many changes and revolts from the dynasty. The Parthians,who had previously revolted from the rule of the Seleucidae,seized Mesopotamia, which had been to that house. Tigranes, the son of Tigranes subject Tigranes, king of Armenia, who had subdued many syr?a"^" of the neighbouring nations which had kings of their own, of and from these exploitshad acquired the title King of Kings, attacked the Seleucidae because they would not acknowledge his supremacy. Antiochus Pius was not able to withstand him, and Tigranes b.o. 83 conquered all the Syrian peoples this side of the Eu})hratesas far as Egypt. He took Cilicia at the same time (for to the Seleucidae) thiswas also subject and put his general, Magadates, in command of all these conquests for fourteen years. 49. When the Roman general, Lucullus, was b.c. es* pursuing Mithridates, who had taken refuge in the territory of Tigranes, Magadates went with his army to Tigranes' assistance. Thereupon Antiochus, the son of Antiochus Pius, entered Syria clandestinely and assumed the government with the consent of the people. Nor did Lucullus, who first made war on Tigranes and wrested his newly acquired territory from him, to Antiochus exercising his ancestral object But Pompey, successor the of b.c. 66 autliority. Pompey Lucullus, when he had overthrown Mithridates, allowed Tigranes to reign in Armenia and expelled Romans Antiochus from the government of Syria, although foJ-'^th he had done the Romans no wrong. The real reason

197

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

evKoXov

avTM,

dvoTrXov
VTTO

ovk Tcypdvov; eKireaovra^, et":o9 Ttypdvrji' dpx^i^v vevLKrjKoraf}. /xdWov rj'PwyLtatou? KL\LKLa"; Xvpla"i re 50. Oi/Tot)/jLev 8r] koI fcal ^OLviKr]"ikoI T^9 re jieaoyeiovkclI Koi\r}"^ dWa ^vpLa"; diro EuJla\ai(TTLV7]";, Kol ocra Oa\dara7)"i P'expt'AlyvTrrov Koi j-iexpi' (jipdrov Be ev dpiaxt 'VcofMatoL Kareaxov. ovo^ara, ^lovBaLwv ivLard/jLevou6 Uofito yevo"i en Kara /SaaiXea irrjio^ Kpdro^, koX rov

aipeXeaOai,

crTpariav Xoyw

ttoWtiv e')(ovTL,

apxv^

Be on

tou?

SeXeu/ct^a?, yv en Xvpia^

e? ^Pco/jLtjv, *ApL(rr6^ov\ov Kal eireixy^ev

e^elXe

rrjv fieyvcro

rrjv ttoXlv 'lepoaoXvfia

kol

dyicoTdTTjvavroL";

rjv Trpwro? KaTea/cayjrev, Alyvirrov ^acn\ev"; Kal Oveairacnavo^ KaOyprj/cec, ^ABpiai'o"i kol av6L"i avOi^ olKiaOelcrav KareaKa-^e,

Brj

kol

HroXe/i-ato?

^lovBaLOL"i drraaiv eanv eV ifjiov.KOL Bid Tavr 6 TO)v ^apvrepo^ aXXr;? irepccrcofidroyv T7}"; (j)6po"; Be kol ^vpoL"; ean OLKia^, eri](TLo";, Kal l\.i\i^iv
eKaroarr)
ovv rov
eKuarw. Tt/jii]fiaro(;

vtto tol^ rcovBe twv ^aaCkea^ eirearrjo'ev oLKeiov^ eOvwv roL"i /lev VaXarMV ev 'Acr/a T0t9 twv rjBvvdara^, KaOd kol
.
. .

TiopbTrrjid /lev 'S.eXeuKtBaL'; yevo/ievcov

ra? reaaapcn BvvdaTaL"i rerpaBapxi'd^, e^e/Saucoae ov kul yiiOpiBdrov. Kara ttoXv (TV/jifMax^]0'Ci(7LV ol 'Pw/xatof?, errl varepov kol rdBe irepir}\6eve? Kauaapo^ /jcdXtara Xe/Saarov,Kara rov fiepr}. ^Kavpov rov 51. '%vpia^8' ev6v"^ 6 Uo/JLirrjco'i
ev

roL^

eavrw TToXe/jLOL^

yevo/xevov

rafiiav

Kal rj ^ov\r](PlXlttttov iirl ZKavpo) rjyeladat,, rov yidpKioVi Kal M.apKe\\Lvov AevrXov errl rw

era^ev

^tXimrcp, dficfia) arparJ]yLKov"; Kar dWd rayvBe fxev eKarepo) Bierrj^;

198

d^lcocnv. XP^^^^" erpL(p6'}]

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

that it was easy for Pompey, with an chap. ^^^^ a large,defencearmy under his command, to annex that it was less empire, but the pretence was Tigranes had unnatural for the Seleucidae, whom dethroned, to govern Syria,rather than the Romans who had conquered Tigranes. 50. In this way the Romans, without fighting, into came possession of Cilicia, inland Syria Also Phoc Phoenicia, Palestine,and all the and Coele-Syria, from the psje'^s other countries bearing the Syrian name The Jewish nation b.c. es Euphrates to Egypt and the sea. conquered them, alone stillresisted,and Pompey to Rome, and destroyed sent their king, Aristobulus, their greatest,and to tliem holiest, city,Jerusalem, Ptolemy, the firstking of Egypt, had formerly as done. It was afterward rebuilt and Vespasian in our destroyed it again, and Hadrian did the same posed time. On account of these rebellionsthe poll-taximupon all Jews is heavier than that imposed upon the surrounding peoples. The Syrians and Cilicians hundredth to an annual tax of one also are

for this

was

of the assessed value of the property of each man. come Pompey put some of the various nations that had beto the Seleucidae under kings or chiefs subject he confirmed the four In like manner of their own. chiefs of the Galatians in Asia, who had cooperated with him in the Mithridatic war, in their tetrarchies. Not long afterwards they too came gradually under in time Roman the the rule, mostly of Augustus. 51. Pompey now at once put Scaurus, who had ^ater his quaestor in the war, in charge of Syria,and been the Senate afterwards appointed Marcius Philippus his successor as and Lentulus Marcellinus as the successor of Philippus,both being of praetorian rank. Each of these spent the whole of his two years in
199

subject

^f^g'^

APPIAN'S
CAP.
TO

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

I/?

y"iTova'=; evoV\ovvTa"^
Tovoe

"A/oa/^a?a/jiuvo/xepu).
eyevovro

Kat

%"/3ti^"9

TO

eireira

Zvpius

ev a"JT6L, ra eTroivvfJcaap^avToov arpaTrjyol tmv re Lia i^ovaiav KaraXoyov arpaTid'^ Kal ")(^0LGV koX irpoiro'^ e/c rcovhe ola vTvaroL. TToXifjLov Ta^LVto"; iTrefKpdt] jxera aTpaTLd";. Kal TroXe/jLur avTov jjcev 6 Hapduaicov oppicdvra M.LdpL8dTr)"^ ttj^ ^PXV^ ^'^^'OpcoSov i^eXavvoixevo^ ySacrtXeu?, Tlapdvaiov";, Tou dSeXcpov, p."Tr]y"V i^^Apd^cov eirX 6 ivSeKaro^ AlyvTrrov UroXefj-alo^ Se avrov, etCTTeacov ^aaiX"v";, p^ereireiae koI ohe rrj^;dp')(rj^, TToAXot? dvrl HapOvatcov eVt 'AXe^az^'^p7]fia(n. Bpea"i pev top TiroXep^alov opfXYjaaL. Koi Kari^yaye 6 Va^ivLO^, iirl rrjv dp')(r)V ^AXe^avSpevac TroXe'Fcop^aicov Be iirl viro /SovXrj^i /jLi]aa";, e(j"vyev r?}? TM avev piaro^ e? AXyvTnov ep,/3aXelv, cttI

yv yap n TToXepcp 'Pw/ta/oi? aTrataLOi vop^L^op^evw^i^vXXetovavTol^ dirayopevov. iirlBe Ta/SiVLOi otw Xvpcov, TroXepLOvvri fioi BoKel K/3ao-cro9

y^Tji^icr

HapOvaLOLf; rj pieydXr]
AevKLOV

3v/3Xov pLerd J^pdaaov arpaTrjyovvTO"s 'S.vpia^ "9 Tr)V Xvptaviae/3aXov ol HapOvacoL. ^d^a

cip^ai ylyveraL. Kal inl av/jL(j)opa

Be p,erd^v/3Xov rjyovpepov Kal rd pe^pL l(ovia"i iiridpapov, daxoXovpievcov 'Fcofiaiayv "9 rd eir dXXrjXovi ipL"pvXi,a.
IX
CAP.

ivreXM"i ev rfjUapOiKy Xefw tP}"; Be ^i/3XovTP]aBe oijcrrj^ avyypa(f"fj 07r6t)9 p^ev ea^ov Xvplav 'Fcopaloc Kai ^vpiaKrj"i,
52. *AXXd

rdBe pev

200

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

warding off the attacks of the neighbouring Arabs, chap. on It was account of these events in Syria that Rome began to appoint for Syria proconsuls/ with in hke war to levy troops consuls. and engage power Gabinius, an was The first these sent out with army of b.o. 55 for war, Mithridates, he as was the out setting and king of the Parthians, who had been driven out of his kingdom by his brother, Orodes, persuaded him to turn his forces from the Arabs against the Parthians. Then Ptolemy XI., king of Egypt, who likewise had lost his throne, prevailed upon him from the by a large sum of niouey to turn his arms Parthians against Alexandria. Gabinius overcame the Alexandrians and restored Ptolemy to power, but b.c. 65 himself banished by the Senate for invading was Egypt without their authority,and undertaking a war considered ill-omened by the Romans ; for it forbidden by the Sibyllinebooks. I think that was Crassus succeeded Gabinius in the government of b.c. 54 Syria the same who met with the great disaster against the Parthians. While when waging war Lucius Bibulus was in command of SyriaafterCrassus,b.c. 51 the Parthians made an incursion into that country. While the government was in charge of Saxa, the "c- 40 overran successor the country of Bibulus, they even Ionia,the Romans being then occupied by as far as wars. the civil
"

IX 52. I SHALL deal with these events more particularly ^^^^ but as this book is concerned gyriaat in my Parthian history, 'i'^thof now that I have described how \i^e with Syrian affairs, Alexander
'

"^

Great have held the officewhich gives the " In the consulship of so-and-so was to the year." its name the ordinary Roman way of expressing a date.
'

Literally, "those

who
"

201

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
e?
ra

HISTORY,
ovra,

BOOK

XI

auvearrjcrap

vvv

Be

TO,

MaKeEovcou

ov/c uTreiKO^ ecprjraL, iinhpaixelv. ot irpo 'Pco/j,aLcov

^vpia"^ i^aaiXevov. iirlHeyocrat? ^AXe^aiSpo'i fxev Brj^acn\6v"; rju 6 KoX irdi'Tcov oacov '^vpwv, l3aaL\"v"i elSev 'AXeS' diTo6av6vTO"; inl iraKjl ra" jiev ^pa^^ec ^dvhpov
iTOLVv rw

Se

en

KvicrKO/neva), ol fiev

M.aKeS6i/e"i,

^aaiyevov^, eXXovro acj^cov TToOfpTov '^LXirrireLOV Xeveiv Apihalov tov dheX(j)ov ^AXe^dvSpou, Kaiirep
^

elvai, pLerovofJidaavre^ eiK^povavoixil^opLevov Sr)^IXcTTTTOPdvrl Kpi^aiov, ere run rp"(f)o/j.evcov (i(j)vXa^ap yap Brj Kal rrjv TraiBwv ^AXe^dvSpov S' e? crarpaTreLa^ eveljiavro ol (f)LXoc Kvovcrav)y ra avrot^ vtto rw eOvT), YiepBiKKOv BLave/ucovro'^ /SaacXel ^LXiirircp. koX ov ttoXv varepov r"v ^acrtXewv diroOavovrcov /3aaLXel"; eyevovro ol ^vpcov Br) tt/jcoto? (TarpdiraL. yiyverai aarpdirrj^; AaofiiBcov 6 ^liTvXrji'alo^eK re YlepBiKKOv Kal i^ ^AvmrdTpov rov pera rov JJepBuKKav irpoararev(Tavro"; ro'tv ^aacXecov.AaopueBovra S'eTnTrXeva-a^; UroXep^alo^ 6 ri]"; Alyvirrov (TarpdTTri"i e7rei6"
^

ovK

')(^pr}paa'Lv eyyeiplaai ol rr\v %vpLav, Alyvirrov Kal e'm')(eipripa ovaav re irpo^oXrjv Kvirpov. Kal ov ireiOop^evov Kara cryXXap^^dvei' 6 Be Tou? BiacfyOeipaf; TTyOo? AXKerav (f)vXaf":a"i 6 UroXep^alo^ "9 Kaplav. Kal riva 'y^povov
7roXXoL";
^

ev rjpX^ ^vpla"^, Kal "^povpa"i Xlttcov "9 Atyvrrrov urreirXeL.

"(j)vyev
53.
"*

rat?

jroXeac

Kara-

^pvyla^ p,ev Kal AvKia^ Avrlyovo^ B' rji" 3' elvat Koiro^i Kal Ilau(f)vXla"i eirla aarpdirr}^, rrj";
o\r;9

'A(Tta? ^AvriTrdrpov rrepSivro^;e? rr-jv e^ Kvp(07rr)v diroXeXeLpip.evo^ Euyu-ei/j/ KaTrrov

THE
the Romans

SYRIAN

WARS

conquered Syria and brought it to its chap. ^^ present condition, it is not inappropriate to give a briefaccount of the part played by the Macedonians, who reigned over Syria before the Romans. After the Persians,Alexander became the sovereign of Syria as well as of allother peoples whom he saw. He died leaving one very young son and another yet loyal to b.c. 323 unborn, and the Macedonians, who were the race of Philip, chose Aridaeus, the brother of Alexander, as king during the minority of Alexander's sons they even guarded the pregnant wife), (for considered to be hardly of sound although he was from Aridaeus mind, and they changed his name Alexander's friends divided to Philip. Meanwhile the nations into satrapies,which Perdiccas parcelled among them by the authority of King Philip. Not long afterward, when the true kings died, these satrap of Syria was satraps became kings. The first Laomedon of Mitylene, who derived his authority from Perdiccas and from Antipater, who succeeded the latter as guardian of the kings. To this Laomedon Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt, came with he him if a large sum a fleet of money and offered would hand o^'er Syria to him, because it was well and for attacking situated for defending Egypt Laomedon refused Ptolemy seized Cyprus. When him. Laomedon bribed his guards and escaped to Alcetas in Caria. Thus Ptolemy ruled Syria for a while, left a garrison in the cities,and returned to Egypt. 53. Antigonus was satrap of Phrygia, Lycia, and b.c S21 Having been leftas overseer Pamphylia. of all Asia he besieged to Europe, Antipater went when Eumenes, the satrap of Cappadocia, who had been

203

APPJAN'S
CAP,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

a fxevwv elvai7ro\e/u,iov (rnrpdirrjv, TraBoKia'; "^7^(^10 TOiv M.aKeh6v(jL"v, iKcpevyei, eirokiopKeL. 6 he avrov KoX rr)v MrjBiKrjv ifcparvvero eavrw, aXV Evfievr) fiev KTeiveu KaraXa^cov 6 Avjiyovo^;, koX iiravicov vTreSexOr) \api7rpoi"^ vtto XeXevKov he aarpaTrevovTO'; iv Ha^vXcovL.

TLva

TO)v

ri'^epbovwv rov

^eXevKov,kuI

v^piaavro'^
ov kolvco-

^AvTLyovo) irapovri, 6 ^Avtl^a\e7rrjva(; re koI KTrjpidrwv, 701^09 TjTet \oyicr/jLOv"; ')(p'r}p,dr(ov 6 he da6eveaTepo"^ UTo^e/jLalov o)v^ Avriyoi ov 7rpo"i 6 AvTLyovo"; evOv^; e"f AtyviTTOv virexdipei. /cal eVl ^eXevKov ^Xiropd re, MeaoTrora/jLLa^; rod (jivyfj rfj XeXevKov rr)"^ dp'^7]^,otl rjyovfjLevov, irapeXvae
aavTo^
^

koI fieOr^Kev ciinovra, MecroTTorapLav Kal oaa

ttjv

Ba^vXcovlav koX
etc

rrjv

Mz/Scoi/eVt tov 'EiXXijcTTrovTOv edi?;, KaOicrraro eavrw, yhi] Kal ^ApTLrrdrpov Te6veoiTO"^. re ev6v"i eV eiTi"^9ov6^ dXXol"; iyiyvero, T"n"; Tcjvhe aarpdirai^ 7^? dp'^cov hco koX pLdXicrra rco ^eXevKW irapaToa-rjcrhe, re KaXovvTL crvveOevTo TlroXepLalo'^ Kal AucrtyLta;^o? o "pdKr)"i Kal K.daaavhpo"; 6 ^AvriirdaaTpd7r7]"^ t" rpov, yiaKehoi cov iirl irarpl")yoi)p,ei'o"^' Kal 6/nov
aXXa
tov Aviiyovov rrjp eiriirpea^evad/jLevoi rj^Lovv

KTYfTov
re

re tt/oo? yevop.ev7)v yrjv Kal 'X^p7]p,ara relp^aaOaiKal Trpo? erepov^ Ma/ceSoz'a?, a(f)d";
rcov

avTw

ot

aarparreLoyv

a-avro";

he

avrov"i
kolvov,

Kadiaravro Kal Ktvdt^ero, iv oaac en 'Evpia ycrav e^e^aXXerd"; (^povpci^ rfj ^0LVLKyi"^ Xeyop,evri"i YlroXepalov, Kal re Kal rP]"^ en eavrov vTnjKoa rovYlroXepaiov 7rpo"i KolXr]'^ rd d6p6(o^ TrepiecTTra.
204

rod 'Avmopovolpev he dvr Lira pea 0

eTTixXevde^eirerrrdyKeaav.
e?

TroXepov

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

ot the Macedonians, chap. enemy publicly declared an Eumenes escaped and brought Media under his afterwards captured and killed by })ower, but was Antigonus, who on his return was received magnificently One day b.c. si6 by Seleucus, the satrap of Babylon.
Seieucus Seleucus punished one of the governors without Nicator was present, and the consulting Antigonus, who latterbecame angry and demanded accounts of his inferior money and possessions. As Seleucus was to Antigonus in power he fled to Ptolemy in Egypt. Thereupon Antigonus removed Blitor,the governor of Mesopotamia, from office, because he allowed Seleucus to escape, and took upon himself the of Babylon, Mesopotamia, and all the government countries from Media to the Hellespont, Antipater The other satraps at having died in the meantime. became envious of his possession of so large a once ; for which reason chieflyPtolemy, share of territory Lysimachus, the satrap of Thrace, and Cassander, the son of Antipater and leader of the Macedonians after his father's death, entered into a league with Seleucus at his request. They sent a joint embassy to Antigonus and demanded that he should share with them and with the other Macedonians had lost their satrapies his newly acquired who Antigonus treated their demand lands and money. against him. made war with scorn, and they jointly He on the other hand prepared to meet them, and drove out all Ptolemy's remaining garrisons in Syria and stripped him of all the possessions that he retained in Phoenicia and Coele-Syria. still
1 .

11

205

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

8* VTrep ra"; KiXt/ttou? irvKa'^, Bvo Koi eLKOCTiv Tov errj Ar]/i^TpLOV vlov, d/JLcf)! iu Td^j]fiera tov arparov KarakeiTreL yeyovoTa, Alyvirrov, 7rpo"; ra? opfid^;YlroXejjiaLov rdf; cItt^ 6 nroXe/Aato? evLKa rovTov irepl Trjv Td^av fid'^j) Xa/jL7rpw";, /catto fieipaKLOv e? tov iraTepa i-^copet. ^eXev/cov e? Trjv XlroXeyLtato? S' avTLKa top Ba^vXcova Tre/xTrei,Tip dp'X^rjvdvaXrj^^oiJLev
54. ^(opcov

Kol

y^CXiov^, koX oXiyoi^ 6 \e\evKo"^ TrjV re Ha^vXaiviav, avTov 7rpodvfjico"i dfia TOiv dvBpcov eKhe')(Ofievcov, dveXa^e,kol ttjv dp')(r)v 6 S' /jL"t ov ttoXv e? /leya
TOLaKoaiovf;

e? Tre^oi;?

tovto

ehwKev
avv

avTw

linrea^;.koI

outw?

*AvTLyovo"; IlTuXe/ialov rj/xvveTO, kol vavjiaxi'Ci Kvirpov ivUa ArjfirjTplov tov irepl
aTpaT7jyovvTO"^' TTttiSo?
fievw
otw ^ajxirpoTCLTW yevoicj)' ^Avtl6 cTT/jaTO? uvelTrev dji^w ^aaiXea";y re kol twv ^acnXecov koX Atj/xy'jTpiov, 7]Br)

Trpoijyayev.

Trepi^avel,

yovov

^AptSaiov re tov ^iXlttttov kol ^OXv/xTedv6(i)Ta"v, dvelirehe Kal viMV ^AXe^dvSpov. Kol TMV TTtdSo^; YlToXe/jLalov 6 oIk61o"; avTOv ")"? CFTpaTO"^ ^aaiXea,
Ti /u-r;

hid Tr)v rjacrav /JueioveKTOirj tmv veviKrjKOTWV, Brj Kar TV^eiv OfiOia^v a-vvi-jvexOrj Tolahe fiev 8' evdv^iavToh ol Xoittol, eWi'Tta? aiTia'^, eiirovTO i/caaTpairwv eyiyvovTO. KOI /SaaiXeU d7ravTe"i 55. OvTCd Sr) Kal 6 SeXeu/co? e^aaiXevaett}? Be NiKdkol M?;Sta.?, lda^vX(ovia"^. i^adiXevae
Topa yovov
KT"iva"^
avTO's ev

pciX]],tov vii 'Avtlls\.r)hia^ dT:oXeXei}jb\ikvov aaTpaTrevuv 6' eiroXeiiiiae ttoXXou? ^laKtBoai Kal iToXefJLov"^
Ty
TOV

^ap/3dpoc";, Kal
"TTov";,

Ma/ceSocrtfxev Bvo fieyiAvaifid^rp ^acnXevovTi /lev vaTcpov

tovtcov

2o6

THE 54. Then

SYRIAN

WARS

he marched beyond the Cilician gates,chap. leaving his son Demetrius, who was about twentytwo years of age, at Gaza with an army to meet from Egypt, but the was Ptolemy, who coming badly in a battle near latter defeated the young man Gaza and compelled him to flyto his father. Ptolemy the immediately sent Seleucus to Babylon to resume and 300 government and gave him 1000 foot-soldiers horse for the purpose. With thissmall force Seleucus
b.c. 315

him recovered Babylon, the inhabitants receiving he augmented with enthusiasm, and within a short time Antigonus Nevertheless his power greatly. warded offthe attack of Ptolemy and gained a splendid Cyprus, in which his him near naval victory over On account of Demetrius was the commander. son this very notable exploit the army proclaimed both kings Antigonus and Demetrius kings, as their own the son of Philip and Olympias, and the (Aridaeus, Ptolemy's dead. now were two sons of Alexander) his defeat he army also saluted him as king lest after Thus for should be held inferior to the victors. these men similar consequences followed contrary All the others at once followed suit,and all events. the satraps became kings. 55. In this way Seleucus became king of Babylonia. He also acquired the kingdom of Media, slaying Antigonus hand in battle Nicator whom with his own had left as satrap of that country. He afterwards barbarians. waged many wars Avith Macedonians and The two principal ones were with Macedonians, the first second with Lysimachus, king of Thrace, the
207

APPIAN'S
CAP,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Be Trporepov 'Avriyovo) Trepl'lyjrov "^a/cr??,Tov avTw P'CiX^' a-rpaTy]yovvTt Kal avrw T^9 ^pvjLa";" virep 6yBo7]KovTa err] yeyovori. p^evcpy
ireaovro^

Kaiirep S' WvTtyovov

''

Kara

oaoi rrjv fjidx^]v,

tu"

^aaCKeh

tov

KvTiyovov

apui

"^eXevKw KaOrjo

prjKecrav,rrjv

^Avrtyovov

yrjv

Bteve/JLOvro. kol

%e\"VKO";Tore

daXdaari Be del T0L"i "77 j;? dpxeiv BieXax^v. icpeBpevcov Bviuto^; cov ^idaaadai kol TnOavo^ eOveai, kol MeaoTrorafiia^ koX *ApirpoaayayeaOai, rjp^e \eyo^eXevKiBof; p."Via"; Kal KaTTTraSo/cta?7779 BaKrpiwv /jL"vr]"i Kal TIepacov Kal HapOvalwv Kal
'

SvpLa^: eirl tt}?/jl"T 'Ev(j)pdTr]v dva to fiea-oyetov Kal "t"pvyia"; t/}?

Kai ^oyBiavr]^ TaTrvpcov Kal rr}? Kal Wpd^cov Kal 'TpKavLa"^, dXXa b/jLopa *Apaxoi(TLa"; Kal oaa Kal iyeyevrjro ^IvBovTrorafiov AXe^dvBpcp fMexpt' eOvT] 'AXeBopiXriTTTa, ft)? oapLaOai TwBe fiaXLCTTa [xer diro yap ^pvyia"; rf/? 'Acta? to irXeov ^av^pov iirl TTOTafiov ^IvBov avw irdvTa 1,eXevK(pKaTr)^IvBov irepdaa^ iiroXeixTjcrev Kovev. Kal TOV ^IvBwv, ^AvBpoKOTTO) /BacnXeltwv Trepl avTOV
avTW avpeOeTO. Kal KrjBo^; fiexpi' (jii'XLav to, AvTiyovov T6XevT7J";, TOivBe TO, fxev Tvpo t/}? Be jxeT Ai'Tiyovov eiroirjaev. 56. Aeyerac B' avrw, aTparicoTrj tov jBaaiXew^ iirl 11epo-a? eiropievw, XPl^^f^^^^^ ovn "TL
^
^

Kai

Kal ALBvfieo}"; yeveadai Trvvdavofxevw Trepl t?}? e? MaKeBovlav eTravoBov, firj GTrevB' EvpcoTrrjvB' *A"JU7 TOL TToXXov d/j.eLV(ov.'^ Kal ev ^laKeBovia d^lravTO" Tr)V eariav avTcp rrjv TraTpwav, ovBevo"; Tr]v Kal ovap avrov TTvp fieya. eKXdpLyjrai
"
"

2o8

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

with Antigonus at Ipsus in Phrygia, where Antigonus chap. ^^ commanded in person and fought in person although he was above eighty years of age. Antigonus was b.c. 30i killed in the battle,and then allthe kings who had Extent been in league with Seleucus against him divided his Kmph-e territory among themselves. At this division all Syria from the Euphrates to the sea, also inland Phrygia, fellto the lot of Seleucus. Always lying in wait for the neiglibouringnations, strong in arms and persuasivein diplomacy,heacquired Mesopotamia, Armenia, the so-called Seleucid Cappadocia, the Bactrians, Arabs,Tapyri,Sogdiani, Persians, Parthians, Arachotes, Hyrcanians, and all the other adjacent that had been subdued by Alexander, as far })eoples as a the river Indus, so that he ruled over wider Asia his in than any of empire predecessors except Alexander. For the whole region from Phrygia to to Seleucus. He crossedthe the Indus was subject Indus and waged war with Androcottus, king of the Indians, who dwelt on the banks of that stream, to an understanding with each other untilthey came and contracted a marriage relationship. Some of these exploits were performed before the death of Antigonus and some afterward. 56. It is said that while he was still serving under Oracles and Alexander and followinghim in the war against the concerif Persians he consulted the Didymaean oracle to Seieuous inquireabout his return to Macedonia and that he : received for answer "Do not hurry back to Europe; Asia will be much better for you." It was said also that in Macedonia a great fire burst forth on his ancestralhearth without anybody it ; also that his mother saw in a dream that lighting
"

209

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
ov

HISTORY,
av

BOOK

XI

firjrepa IBetv,

SeXev/cMarjfieLOv irepl eTepov tm fcale^opo)VTO"^ dpxV'^ TOiovBe yevecrdai. ^AXe^dvSpw yap e^ rr}? iv 'IvBmv e? Ba^vXMva eiraveXOovTi, /calTd"i avTrj iirl tov Xipiva^ Kv(f)pdTrj %/3etatov TjiBa^uXcovta Trjv Aaavpiha yrjvdpheveiv irepLirXeovTi, dv"fio"; Sidhrj/ia, ipLireaoDVrjpTraae to Kal (jyepofiev dp-^aiov iv SovaKC^ tlvo"; eKpeiidaOrj
^

Xeyerat koI e'? Ev"^pdTr]v. airciikecre varepov rr]v Bal3vXa"VLavainovTa irpoaKoy^ra TOV \l0ov \l6w, Koi dvaaKatpevTa ayKvpav Be to? eirl Oopu^ovp-evoivt6)v fxdvTeoiv 6(f)0r]vai. UToXefiatov tov Adyov irapaAraro;^?}?, avfM^oXo) ov ti]v dyKvpav, TrefjLTTOVTa elirelv d(j^a\ela"^ koI ^eXev/cco/xev Bta elvai ctv/jL^oXov. KaT0-)(r}"; dyKvpa TOVTo apa Koi ^aatXevaavTi 7)a(ppayl"i ert kol ^AXe^dvBpou r)v, BoKel he tl(tl 7repi6vT0";
Kara
tov

acS^pcp

SaKTvXtov, Sovvai ^eXevKw, tov he ^acriXevcreLV evOa av 6 "f)6pr]/jLa haKTvK.LO'^ eKTrear}. koX rj jjuev f]vpev ayicvpav iv Kexapayfieprjv, 6 Be rrjv Trjvhe
evpot

a^paylha

iarjiiaive ^a(TLXeco";. fiev e? rr/i/TeXevT't^v tov /cal iK/coXv/x^}] ^acriXeQ)"; /calToSe, vavTrjv he (pacnv htdhrjixaKal to aavTa TrepiOeaOai,tt) /cecj^aXfj ivey/celvd^poxov ''AXe^dvhpcp, Kal Xa^elv tt}? hcopedv irapa tov avTU/ca ^acriXeo}(; TrpoOv/iLa^; dvaihe pidvTewv avTov dpyvpiov twv TaXavTov
tov pelv KeXevovTCOv 01 p^ev TreLaOPjvaL avTol";, ol he avTeiTreiv. elal he ot

Tacpo)

^AXe^avhpov

vavTi]v v7rep6X06vT"";, htdhrjpLa tov to ^eXevKOViirl leXevKov avTO ^r)aat, Kal irepLOeaOai, TjjKe(f"aXf d/3poxoPell]. Kal to, (TtjpLela e? reXo? Lv dpL(f)OL

ov

6Xco"i

raSe irdvTa dXXa (l)aalv iKKoXv/JL^aaiXe(t"";

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

him to chap whatever ring she found she should give wear, and that he should be king at the place where he should lose the ring. She did find an iron ring he lostit near with an anchor engraved on it, and the Euphrates. It is said also that at a laterperiod, setting out for Babylon, he stumbled when he was to seen dug up, was against a stone which, when be an anchor. When the soothsayers were alarmed lemy, delay, Ptoat this prodigy, thinking that it portended the son of Lagus, who accompanied the expedition,
said that an anchor was a sign of safety, not of Seleucus,Avhen he became delay ; and for this reason king, used an engraved anchor for his signet-ring. ing Some say that while Alexander was still aliveand lookon, another omen of the future power of Seleucus After Alexander was made manifest in this wise. had returned from India to Babylon and while he was lagoons with a view sailingaround the Babylonian to the irrigation of the Assyrian fields from the Euphrates, a wind struck him and carried away his b.c. diadem and hung it on a bunch of reeds growing on the tomb of an ancient king. This of itself signified the death of Alexander ; but they say that a sailor head, and, without swam after it,put it on his own him at wetting it,brought it to Alexander, who gave a silver talent as a reward for his zealous loyalty. once to death, The soothsayers advised putting the man say that Alexander followed their advice, and some but others that he refused. Some narrators^ however, no omit the whole of this story and say that it was but Seleucus who swam after the king's sailorat all, head to avoid diadem, and that he put it on his own to both wetting it ; and the signs turned out true as
211

a'is

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

\We^avSp6v re yap ev ^a/3v\MVL ^AXe^dvSpov lieTaaTTjvai tov ^iov, koI XeXevKovt?}? ^AXe^dvhpov OTL7r\"iaT7]"; fidXiaTa rovhe rwv yP]";,
cLTTavTrjcrai.
tmv 57. Tocravra fiev St)irepl

SekevKO) Trpo/Jiav-

revOevTCDv eirvOopn^v yiyverai 8' evOvf; ^AXe^dv8pov /uLeraardprof; lttttov rjye/jLcov 6raipiKrj"; t?}? t?}? Brj Kal 'Hcpaiaricov kol ^AXe^dvSpo) rj"i i)yrj(jaTO IlepSLKKa"i, eiri 'HcfyaiarlcovL fierd he rrjp Lttttov re 3a^uXu)VLa"i koI /^acriXei)? craTpd7r7]"; eVt r?}? he avTU" yevofievw aaTpaireia. rd e? 7roXefiov"; TTJ iTTLrv^eardTOil^iKdrcop eiroovv puov yiyveTai' rwhe dpea/cofjLac yap KTelvai. pidXXov rod ^iKdropa
jxeydX^, koX dypiov O vaia ev rrore ^AXe^dphpov ravpov ckOoheap^cbv viroa-ravri rcov povra pbovw /cal ral"i%epcrt
p.ovai'^ Karetpyaapieva),
KOI
TO

awpa

ovTL

evpdxTTM

re

kol

irpoandeaaLv

e?

rov^

dvhpidvra'^ eVt rwhe Kepara. iroXei'^ he wKiaev eirX ro firj/co^; tt}?dpxv'" 0X779 eKKaiheKa puev he eirl Avrioy^eta^; evrt tw irevre rrarpi, p^rjrpl rfj 8' e7ro)vupov"i eavrov, evvea AaohiKeia^;, reacrapa(; 'ATra^ieta? S' eVt TaL"^ rpeU fcal %rparo-

iirKfyaveararai piav. Kal elalvavrcov Kal XeXevKeiat pev i] re eVl OaXdaarj Kal ?; vvv rfj inl rod Tiyprjro'; rrorapLov, AaohUeia he r) ev
vLKeiav
''

yvvai^i,

^oLVLKTf Kal 'Avriox^t-a virbrw Ai^dvw opec Kal t) ^vpia^ Arrdpeia. T) rr]"i rd"^ he dXXa"; ex t?}? 'FtXXdho";Tj ^laKehoi"ia"^ "pyoi";
^

rfj

eavrov

riaiVy eanv
ev

rj

69

ripr]v

rj eirl ojvopa^ev, AXe^dvhpov rod ^acriXio)";

rol"; virep avrrjv dvco 'EXXtjvlkcov TroXXa he

66ev

^ap^dpoi"i TToXXd
MaKehoviKOJV
212

^vpla rfj
pev

kol

TroXiapdrcov ovopiara,

^eppoia,

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

chap. of them in the end, for Alexander departed from life in Babylon and Seleucus became the ruler of a larger part of his dominions than any other of Alexander's
successors.

the prophecies I have heard of concerning Seleucus. Directly after the death of Alexander he became the leader of the Companion cavalry, which Hephaestion, and afterwards Perdiccas, during the life of Alexander. After commanded commanding the cavalryhe became satrapof Babylon, and after satrap,king. As he was very successfulin b.c. 312-28(J war he acquired the surname of Nicator. At least more to me that seems probable than that he receivedit from the killing of Nicator. He was of such a large and powerful frame that once when a to Alexander and wild bull was brought for sacrifice broke loose from his ropes, Seleucus held him alone, his with nothing but his hands, for which reason statues are ornamented with horns. He builtcitiesCities throughout the entire length of his dominions and b^^fiJ^ named sixteen of them Antioch after his father,five Laodicea after his mother, nine after himself,and four after his w4ves, that is,three Apamea and one two Stratonicea. Of these the most renowned at Seleucias, two one on the present time are the the Tigris,Laodicea on in sea and the other the river Lebanon, and Phoenicia, Antioch under Mount in Syria. To the others he gave names Apamea from Greece or Macedonia, or from his own exploits, it honour Alexander; to pass or in comes of whence barbarous that in Syria and among the regions of bear Oreek and upper Asia many of the towns Berrhoea, Macedonian Edessa, names, such as

57. Such

are

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^

ROMAN

HISTORY^

BOOK

XI

KaWtTToXt?, "ESecrcra, TiepivOo^, Mapcoveia, ^ApeOovaa, 'A%aia, IliWa, 'Q.pcoTro';, 'Ayu^/TroXt?, AttoXWaraKo^i, Tejea, XaX/ci?, Adpccra/'Hpaia,^ KaWLOTrr], Scoretpa, Xcovla,iv Be rfj HapOvrjvfj iv S' 'IvBoU 'Kdpt";,'EKar6/jL7rv\o";,*A%aia, iv Be ^KvOac^;^ AXe^avBpea-xara 'AXefaz/SpoTToXfc?, ^eXevKOv ecm vLKac^ rat? avrou NLKr)(f)6 Kol iirl Ni":o7ro\t? iv Kat pLov re iv ttj MecroTrora/ila ^Apjievla Ty drf^OTdivijxaXLa-ra KaTT/raSoKiaf;. ^eXevfceca"; ra? 58. ^aal Be avTU) olkl^ovti, Bioaiiixlav OaXdcrar), iin rrjv ixev r]'yri(jaa9aL rfj Oeov Bid tovto avTol"i Kepavvov Kepavvov, kol

eOerOt koX OprjaKevovat, kol Be rrjv iirl rov "9 Kepavvov

tou? iTTiXe^acrOai "pav, fjt"v OefieXicov dp^aadai tt}? t)ixepa"; tov"; rrjv Mpav /j^dyov";, opv^Y]^ eBet,"^evaacrdat, i6eXovTa"i imreLy^tafjia ov/c roiovBe a^iai yevettjv BeBoaOat. Kol ^eXeu/fo?/xev iv rfj aKrjvf)

koI vvv TLypr}TO"ir^fxepav KeXevofi"Vov";, kol tT;? fj,dyov"i

vixvovcn

[xevrfv (opav ave/Jievev,

eroifiofi,drpe/icov eare (rrjjjirjveiev rtva Kara rrjv Mpav B6^avTe"; al(Tia"Tepav cicfivco
KeXevetv

6 Be crrparo'^ e? to epyov 6 ^eXevKo"i,

rcov ")? /jir)Be eVl to epyov dve7r)]Br)aav, dvaa)(ea6ai. to /xev Brj CTL KTjpvKcov ipvfcovTcop SeXeu/cw Be ddv/jLox; e^ovri, epyov i^erereXearo, Kol T0V9 fidyov^; av9c"i dvaKpivovri irepX t?}?

TToXerx)?, aBeiav

ol \idyoi' rrfv tc oi ^acnXev fiolpav, ')(eipovd koI ireiTpwpAvriv dvBpo"^ ovre ovre earcv TroXeo)? Kpeiaaova, ovk ivaXXd^ai. fioipa Be Ti? Kal iroXecov iariv wairep dvBpoiv. fcal TTjvBe'xpovicordrrjv fiev iBoKec roL"; 6eol"i iK rrjaBe Tr}"; (opa"i yeveaOat, dp'^^ojjievrjv
eXeynv aiT^aavTe";
214

**

?^9

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

Callipolis, Achaia, Pella, chap. Periiithus, Maronea, Oropus, Amphipolis, Arethusa, Astacus, Tegea, ^^ Chalcis, Larissa,Heraea, and Apollonia ; in Parthia Charis, Hecatompylos, Achaia ; also Sotera,Calliope^ in IndiaAlexandropolis; in Scythia Alexandreschata. From the victories of Seleucus come the names of Nicephorium in Mesopotamia and of Nicopolis in Armenia very near Cappadocia. 58. They say that when he was about to build a portent of thunder preceded the the two Seleucias foundationof the one by the sea, for which reason he consecratedthunder as a divinity of the place,and inhabitants worship thunder and accordingly the They say, also, that to day. its this sing praises the Magi were ordered to indicate the when tions propitiousday and hour for beginning the foundathe hour Seieucia-oji they falsified of Seleucia-on-the-Tigris ^^^^i"ris because they did not want to have such a stronghold built against themselves. While the king was waiting in his tent for the appointed hour, and the army, in readiness to begin the work, stood quietly Seleucus should give the signal,suddenly, at the till true hour of destiny, they seemed to hear a voice So they sprang to their work ordering them on. that the heralds who triedto stop with such alacrity When the work was them were not able to do so. brought to an end Seleucus,being troubled in his mind, again made inquiry of the Magi concerning his city,and they, having first secured a promise of impunity, replied,"That which is fated, O King, nor whether it be for better or worse, neither man city can change, for there is a fate for cities as well It plea'^es as for men the gods that this city shall it was begun on the hour for because endure ages,

215

AFPIAN'S
CAP. IX

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

eyevero'
f
"

S' heifiaivovre^
/
I

")? t)fj."L^
^

i7rLreL)(ia/xa
'
^

Tj/xLv

to eaofiev7]v,irapecpepo/jiev

TreTrpco/jievov.

ro

Be /cpecacrov yv kol fidyayv iravovpyovvrcov Kal ayvoovvTO"; avro. roiydproL ro Bacfioy8a(7tX,6ft)9 rw TO, VLOv (rrparw Trpoaira^ev. Kal alcTLcoTepa Iva vvv rt evL "toi rovTO /jlt] /cal KarafxaOeiv o)Be, 6 re en avro^; yap

v7rovof]";. r)/id"i Te')(i"dl^eiv

tw

av I3aai\ev";

KeXeva/ia

avTo";
gov

kol to TrapeKaOrjcro, dva/xeveiv kol 6 evireieBeSdyKei^;

crrparw

ovk kol ttovov^ klvBvvov"^ vvv ovhe dvairavaew^ einTdy[xaT0"^, r]vea')(eTO a\V dX)C d6p6co";, dveOopev, ovBe dvd pLepo"^ eTriardraL^;

Oeararof; wv

7rpo";

avroL^;,

kol

Btorrep ovBe B'^-

KCKeXevaOai. evopiXe
crov

kol

eKefceXevaro
avTov^
en

KarepyKovro^

dv6pcti7roi."; ev eirj eireiOovTO.ri dv ovv jSacnXew^; yvci)fxrj"; Kaprepaarepov dXko Oeov; o? crrj^

Tr}9

eireKpdTrjae, koX y^yepbovevae rj/jiow,Bva/aevalvcov rjficv re

yap irepLOiKW. irov Bvvarcorepov yevov";
TToXt?
aroL

croi

rrj";iroXeco^;dvrl

yevei Travrl rw en rd rj/xerepa to-%u(76t, TrapcpKiapLevov; rj fxev Brj

kol

rvy^rj Kal fMeyicrrevcrei, Kal viro Be crv ea-Tar rjpuvy e^a/jLaprova-Lv ')(^p6vL0"; Beov"; dyaQdv dt^aipeaew^, oLKeicov rrjv avyyvco/Jbtjv
yeyove
ravTa ^e^alov.^^

crvv

tmv

o ^aaifxdywv elirovroav

Xei)?riadit] Kal avveyvoa.

CAP.

dvO' iavrov. jSaaiXevevv d7re(pr]vev 7"}?

2l6

59. TotaSe puev eTTvdojjur)v o Be irepi SeXeu/reta?* dvo3 Kvrioyov, irepLoov en, viov rov '^eXevKQf; rr}?
^

Kal

et

ro)

THE
on

SYRIAN

WARS

We feared lest it should be chap. which it was begun. ^^ a stronghold against ourselves, and falsifiedthe stronger than appointed time. But destiny was an or unsuspecting king. For that crafty Magi reason the deity announced the more propitious hour You may know this to be true, so that to the army. suspect us of deception, from the you need not still fact that you were presiding over the army yourself, as king, and you had yourself ordered them to wait ; but the army, ever obedient to you in facing danger be restrained, even when and toil, could not now but to to their them the stop, you gave order sprang work, not a part of them merely, but all together, and their officerswith them, thinking that the order had been given. In fact it had been given. That was the reason why not even you could hold them back. What can be stronger in human affairs than a king, unless it be a god, who overcame your intention and supplanted us in giving you directionsabout the city,being hostileto us and to all the people round about ? What can our resources avail hereafter with a more powerful race settled along side of us ? This city of yours has had a fortunate beginning, and it will be great and enduring. We beg that you will fault which we comconfirm your pardon of our mitted from fear of the loss of our own prosperity." The king was Magi said and pleased with what the 1 pardoned them. 59. This is v/hat have heard about Seleucia.

Seleucus, while still living, appointed his son, chap, Antiochus, king of upper Asia in place of himself. If this seems noble and kingly on his part, even
217
VOL. II.

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

elvau rohe (pauveTac koX ^aaCKiKov, /jL"ya\6(}"pov en /cat ao^corepov rjve'yKerov fjL"'ya\o(f)povea-T"pov
epcora

rod

TratSo? fcal Tr]V

e?

to

^rparoKvrio-xp"; rjpa fiev yap (j(D(ppO(Tvvr]V. leXevKov yvvaiKO'^, /jLrjrpvid^; avTOu oi vU-q^i tt}?
6

avrov 7rd6o";

XeXevKa ireiTOLr]fievr)^, ra yevofievr]^ Kol iratSar]87] he rrjv aOefiiaTiav rov irdOou^ (TvyyLyv(ii(JK(iiV
0VT6
Tft) 67r6%6t/)efc Kol Trapelro "v6(T6L Ku/CM kol

ouT"
6Kodv

dW TTpoixpepev,
e? rov

Odvarov

"jvv-

larpo'i^EpacrLO-TpaT0";, rjpyei. ovB^ 6 '7reptcovv/j,o"; XeXevKW avvdiv, et^e eVt /leylarat's crvvrd^eai
rod irdOov;,/^e^pi(f)v\d^a^ r"KfjL7]paaOai KaOapov Ik rrdvrcav ro ecKaaev rrjv acofia, elvat t?}? ^IrvxTj^i St] kol voaov, ro voaovarj fi koX epp(0/jL6vr] (Tcop-a \v7ra"^ fxev ovv 6pyd"^koI iirikol (TVvaia-deraL. Ovfila'; aWa? oixoXoyelaOai,epcora S' eiriKpvTrreovBev Be oio w? rov aOai 7rpo"ircov cruxppovcoiK ^Avrioxov Xiirapovvri jxaOelv avrw ev (ppd^ovro^; drropprjrcp, /cali^vXaa-ae rd'i rov

dWayv he t^vpev irrl p-ev rcov ")? e"n6vr(i)v. del ro acop^a Ka\ p,apaiv6p,ei'0v op,a(T^evvvpievov he rj ^rparovLKrj \m, imore irapLOL 7rpo"; avrov
rrjv piev a-KeyfropLevr),

irapeKaOe^ero eKaarov ottcw? e;\^oi tt/jo? (Td)jjLaro"; /x"ral3o\d";,

rcov

avveihoro^rare
aLWirwvra,
ro

atSoO? Kai evoxkovp^evov Ka\ pAXiara avrov he awjbLa Kal dKovro";avrov 6a\eyv(opi'}]V vtt
Kai ^wrLKCorepov,

pcorepov re ytyvopievov avrw Kal d7rL0V(Tr)"; daOevearepov, av9i"=;

rov

VTrepaXyijaavro^; ex^tv avrw. vlov di'idrcjo"; he rov l3a(TL\e(o"=; elirev ep(D^ Kal eK^orjcravro^ ro dhvirdda, Kal e'/oo)? yvvaiKO'^, dX\ earl varo^i^
"

^e\evK(o rw "(j)7j

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

nobler and wiser was his behaviour in reference to chap. ^ his son's fallingin love, and the restraint which that Bon showed in regard to his passion ; for Antiochus Antiochus in love with Stratonice, was the wife of Seleucus^his ^"^ own step-motlier, who had already borne a child to Seleucus. Recognizing the wickedness of this passion, Antiochus did nothing wrong, nor did he but he fell sick,drooped, and strove show his feelings, hishardestto die. Nor could the celebratedphysician, Erasistratus, who was serving Seleucus at a very high form any diagnosisof his malady. At length, salary, free from all the observing that his body was that this was symptoms of disease,he conjectured some condition of the mind, through which the body is often strengthened or weakened by sympathy he knew tliat, ; and while grief,anger, and disclose themselves, love alone is other passions As even then Antiochus concealed by the modest. would confess nothing when the physican asked him earnestly and in confidence, he took a seat by his side and watclied the changes of his body to see how he was affected by each person who entered his He found that when others came room. the patient was all the time weakening and wasting away at a to visit him uniform pace, but when Stratonicecame his mind was greatly agitated by the struggles of modesty and conscience, and he remained silent. more But his body in spite of himself became and when she went away he vigorous and lively, became weaker again. So tliephysiciantold Seleucus that his son had an incurable disease. The king was overwhelmed with grief and cried aloud. Then the physician added, " His disease is love, love for a but a hopeless love." woman,
.

219

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
nva

XI
fit) Bv-

60. ^ekevKov 8e OavjidaavTO^; ei

vaiTO

6 irelaai XekevKO'^

Aaiaf;^aaCkev";, eVi t?}?

"

kcu fydfiwTOiovhe TraiBo'^, iKeala re koX j^prjfiaa-t, Bcopeal^KoX 6\r) ry ^acriXeia, irepuovar) roafjBe BoOrjaofiei't ^acrtXea, KufivovTa fi"V e? TOvSe Tov Be /cat vvv dvrl rt? iOeXoL, acoTrjpLa^ el ijBrj tt)? ro ^vvaiov, 6 Kot fiovov a^iovvro"^ fxaOelvrt? ecm *^pa(TL(TTpaTO"i yui'atKcx; epa.^^ ri)?efiyj^; "(f)r]' jiev e(i"v, cf)L\ia"; Kal 6 SeXeu/co?, elr oy ^yaOe,^^ Be kol dpeTf]"; ouTw tj/jllv, Kal 'X^apiTwv e'xcov"(f) dvBpa koI ev oXljol^, ov ucoacif; /jlolveov (70(j)La"; jSaaiXiKov, Kal ^acn\e(o"^ vlov,drv^ovvTa (piXov iTnKpvTTTovra Kal Kal (Tw^povovvra koX to KaKov Oavdrov, dXX avrw jiev Trpori/jLcofjievov virepo-^ei 8' *AvTi6xov, ovr(o"i Kal virepo'^eL eV avrw ^eXevKOv; o 8' diroyba'ypyuevo^ elire\6yov w?
** " "

"

on d(^VKT0Vy

av fjurjS*

aVy

Kaiirep

mv

Trart'jp, t^?

^AvTtoxo^ el Tjpa f^vvaiKo^, iieOrjKa'^ av avrw Trjv yvvalKa. evOa Brj Trdvra'im/jlvu tou? ^aai\eLov"i 6eov"; 6 SeX-eu/co?, av tj fiijv ckcov Kal

o-t}?

Xai'pojv fieOelvai Kal BujjTjfia jeveaOaL dyaOou Trarpo? e? iralBa evvoLa";

eyKpari]

KaXov

TToWd

re

Kal ad)(f)pova KaKov tov Trj"; au/jL(f)opd Kal dvd^LOV ofioia eireveyKMV, rjp^aTO axOeadai on
avTw

firj avTO's

Kal "9 TavTa tov 61. *0 8* eVet KaTelBe ttjv opfirjv ^acriXea)^ epyov v'jro(f)aLVOvaav, ov^, vTToKpiaiv, aveKaXuirre TO evpOi KpVTTTOJUeVOV Trddo^, Kal OTTft)? aVTO

laTpo";aTV^ovvTCy dWd BioiTO^FjpaaiaTpdTOV.

jljvolto

THE 60. Seleucus

was

SYRIAN

WARS

astonished that there could be chap. ^ Avhom he, king of Asia, could not prevail any woman upon to marry such a son as his, by entreaties, by by the whole of that great kingdom, gold, by gifts, the eventual inheritance of the sick prince, which the father would give to him even now, if he wished him. Desiring to learn only one it,in order to save " he asked, is this woman Who ? thing more, " Erasistratusreplied, He is in love with my wife." " Well then, my good fellow," Seleucus, rejoined " since you are so bound to us by friendship and favours,and have few equals in goodness and wisdom, for me, this princely young man will you not save the son of your friend and king, unfortunate in love but virtuous, who has concealed his sinful passion and prefers to die rather than confess it? Do you so despise Antiochus ? Do you despise hisfather also } Erasistratus resisted, ward and said,as though putting for" Even you would an unanswerable argument, in love with not give Antiochus your wife if he were her, although you are his iather." Then Seleucus by all the gods of his royal house that he would swore willingly and cheerfully give her, and make himself an illustrious example of the kindness of a good father to a chaste son who controlled his passion and did not deserve such suffering. Much more he added began to lament that sort, and, finally, of the same he could not himself be physician to his unhappy boy, but must needs depend on Erasistratus in this
" "

matter

also. Erasistratussaw by the king's earnest61. When ness that he was not pretending, he told the whole truth. He related how he had discovered the nature of the malady, and how he had detected the secret
221

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

BiTjyetTO.%"\6VKfp Se rjaOePTt epyov fxev iyevero ryv yvpatKaepyov S* eV lKeiv("" irelaai top vlov, (W9 S' eVeicre, arpanav avvayayoov, aladot?)i; taco^ TOVTcov, TV fjL6V7]v -IjBt] KaTe\oyl^"TO fiev St) TCL eavrov avroL"; epya ra koI rr)V ap^r)Vy on eiTi hLah6')((Dv AXe^dvhpov fiakLara rcov fMiJKiarov SvcrKpdrrjrov Slo kol yyjpoiVTL i'jSrj Trpoaydyor elvai Sia TO fxeyeOo'^. iOeXco Se," BieXetvto e(f"7], tov e? ttjv fieWovTo^i d/iepLfivfieTepav fieye6o"; Sovvac tol^ ifiol^ vlav,KOL TO /j,epo"; rjhj] (^CKtutol^ Blkulol S' iaT6 fxoL 7rdvT""s "9 TrdvTa cvvepyelv, o'l ToaovTOV dp-)(y]"; vir "9 koX Bvvdp,"a""; Tqv^rjOrjTe ifiovfieT ''AXe^avhpov. 8' (^ikTaToi elai fMOi kol dpxv'^ 6 TeKeio^ I'^hr] TOiV T6 iraihaiv koX rj a^coL 8' avTOL"; kol TratSe^, ct)9 veoL"^, yvvr]. i]Br) ykvoivTO
^

"

"

KCii 7rXeoP""; Ta%eft)9,

^acriXea'; Tre/xTTft) elvai tmv

vfiiv T779 7]yefiovla^i "pv\aK6"; v/mcov, kol elev. dpfio^o) a^iaiv dWrjXov^ e"^'

dvco. tmv eOvMV ^jBrj Ilepacov v/mv edr)tealeTepcov eOvoivfidXXov ov KOL diraaiv iiriOrjaco vofiov, del rj TovSe TOP KOLvov ZiKaiov elvav to 7rpo"i^aacXeco^ 6 opc^ofxevov.** Br)ovTO)^ elirev, r) aTpaTid Be ")9 ^aatXea re jjLev T(t)V iirl 'AXe^dvSpM fieyiaTov /cal iraTepa dpiaTOP XrpaTOVLKjjkol tS" KoX 6 %eXevK0";

7jv(j)i]p6i TO, avTCL tov iraiBl ydfJLov Kal e^evyvv irpoaTd^a'; doihifJLov ^aaiXeiav i^eTrefi^Jrev, TTjv epyov ToSe "7rl

ev twv iroXefioL^ aiiTW yevojievayv Koi BvvaTCtiTepov epyacrdfievo^i. 62. '^aTpairelat Bk Bvo Kal vtt uvtw rjcrap

ToaavTt]"; e/SacrlXeve 7/)9.kol e^Bo^i]KovTa'

222

ttjv

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

but it was a difficult chap. passion. Seleucus was overjoyed, ^ matter to persuade his son and not less so to persuade his wife ; but he succeeded finally.Then he assembled his army, which perhaps by now suspected something, and told them of his exploits and of the extent of his empire, showing that it surpassed that of Alexander, and Seleucus of any of the other successors growing old it was hard saying that as he was now kingdom" for him to govern it on account of its size. " I divide it,in the interests of your wish," he said,*^'^to to future safety, and to give a part of it now It is fitting that allof those who are dearest to me. have advanced to such greatness of you, who dominion and power under me since the time of Alexander, should co-operate with me in everything. The dearest to me, and well worthy to reign,are my and my wife. As they are young, grown-up son have children to aid in t pray they may soon tliem in marriage in guarding the empire. I join your presence and send them to be sovereigns of the The law which I shallimpose upper provinces now. upon you is not the customs of the Persians and to all, other nations, but the law which is common that what the king ordains is always right." When he had thus spoken the army shouted that he was the greatest king of all the successors of laid Seleucus best father. Alexander and the the his son, on Stratonice then same and injunctions to their them in marriage, and sent them joined in himself even kingdom, showing this stronger his deeds of arms. famous act than in 62. Seleucus had seventy-two satrapsunder him, so extensive was the territoryover which he ruled. to his son, but The greater part he had transferred

223

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

irapatov^, vpx^ tcov citto 6a\,d"xTrXeiovatm TraiSl /jlovcov. Kal TroXe/nov reXevcrrj'i eirl ^vcppdrtjv KWijaAvcrijud^w irepl^pvylav Tr)V icf) racov TTOVTW TroXe/jLwv, Avcri/id'xovfiev eKpdrec ireBe top 'l^WyaTrovrov ev avrofj (TOPTO^ /jid-^rj, rfj iirepa. Kal e? Avai/idxeiav dva/Saivcov KTeLverai. kirofievo^ S* orw TlTo\"fia2o^ avTov eKreivev, K6pavvo"; eTriKKrjcrL^i. u/o? 8' ^v 6 Kepavvo'^ oZe UToXe/xatov rod acorrjpo^; koX Eu/JuStV???t?}? AlyviTTOV eKireaovra AvTiirdrpov Kal avrov hva Seo9, OTL vecordrM irathX6 IlToXe/xaZo? Tr}V hovvai,6 %eX6VK0"^ dp')(r]V eirevoei ola (^iXov TralBa drvyovvTa koI Kal eiTr)"yeTo
^

vTreBe^aro, e"^"p^e eavrov. nrdvTr)(^ovea

63. Kal

^eX"VKo"i reXevra, rpla Kal jiev ovrca avrcov err) ^LOiiaa";, Kal ^aaiXevaa^ e/SSo/i'^KOVTa
hvo Kal rea-a-apdKOvra. Kal fioi Sok"l Kal
Tovro

e?

avTW

^Acrlr] rot ttoXXov cnrevS'^vpcoTrrjvS'' Ftvpcoirrji; iarl, Kal Tf jap AvcFiiJid'xeLa tt}?

to avvevey^Orjvac

avro

Xoytov,

"

fiy)
rore

dfieLvcov.'^

^AXe^dvSpov aTpaT"ia"^ e? Tr)V irpSyrov diro rr}? hieirepa. Xeyerat Se Kal ireplavrov l^vpco7rr)v
Tov

Xoytov irpoayo')(^pcojjL6V(p dXevofievo^ to ireTrpcofxevov etV pevO rival ""Apyo"; "Apyet 3' Kev rore "T0"; irapd iTeXdaai"i, el rjfei?* "Apya HeXoTrovBrj to 6 jiev fiotpav oXoLO.^^ Kal "Apyo? Kal "Apyo? to ^AficpiXoxiKov vrjcTiov iv ^Opea-reia(odev TO ol ^Apyedhai yiaKehoves: ^tofirjSrjv Kal TO iv T(o ^lovLM Xeyojxevov oliCLaai dXXo "Ayoyo? eVadXcajxevov, Kal el tL ttov
irore
avro)

Oavdrou

7^9

224

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

he continued to reign over the country which chap. The last liesbetween the Euphrates and the sea. war that he waged was with Lysimachus, for the possession of Phrygia on the Hellespont. Lysimadefeated and slain in battle. Then b.c, 281 chus was Seleucus crossed the Hellespont in order to possess killed by Death of himself of Lysimacheia^ but he was " ^^^^ This Ptolemy Ceraunus who accompanied him. Ceraunus was the son of Ptolemy Soter and Euridice, the daughter of Antipater. He had left Egypt from fear, because his father had decided to leave the Seleucus had received kingdom to his youngest son. him as the unfortunate son of his friend,and thus he supported, and took with him everywhere, his own murderer. 63. Thus Seleucus died at the age of seventy-three, b.c. to me liaving reigned forty-two years. It seems that the above-mentioned oracle hit the mark in this too, when it said to him, " Do not hurry back to case better for you," for Europe ; Asia will be much Lysimacheia is in Europe, and he then crossed over time after leaving it with the to Europe for the first army of Alexander. It is said also that once when he specially consulted an oracle about his death he
: answer received tliis " If you keep away from Argos you will reach your allottedyear, but if you approach that place you will die before your time." There is an Argos in Peloponnesus, another in come Amphilochia, another in Orestea (whence the on Macedonian Argeadae), the Ionian and the one sea, said to have been built by Diomedes during his
"

2so

wanderings, all these, and every place named Argos in every other country, Seleucus inquired
"

225

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Xelro, irdvra

dpe^rjrei Koi
Tr)V

3' ^aivovTL

69

Av(TL/j,d')(^eiav avrw

dvae"^v\daa"ro'

diro

rov

'KWrjcTTropTov

Kal to Wepydfxov 8vvaaTevaa"i, iroXXcov 'X^py/jidrcov aoyfia rov Kal rd XeL-^jrav Kepavvov alrr^aa^i, ^AvTio^^p 6 3' eV ^etw eTre/jLTrev iraihl avTOV. XevKela 7rpo9 OaXdaar) dizeOeTO, Kal veayv avro) rfj t"/x"vo(; eTreart^cre Kal Te/xez/09 irepiWrjKe-Kal to NiKaTopeLOv eTTLKXrj^eTaL. Se TrvvOdvopLai,tmv 64. AvaL/j,a)(^ov viraamaTMV opra TMV

'A^aiOL/9 eV^ "\\iov aTparevovra^, Kal Sia "Ap'yo"i Tovro en rbv ^wpLov toi'9 7repixd"pov"i ro SLa(j)Oeipovra"i ovofia 7} KoXelv, rj Sid Ty-jv vavv ArpeihoiV, Kreiverai, Blu rrjv TrarpiSa tmv ravra TLroXepaLov irpoanrecrovro^ viro tov en fxavOdvcDV, ^LXeTaipo"i 6 XeXevKOv /xev eKace OTTLadev.
rov"i
^

^cofxo"; rjv ev o-yjreL /xeya^ re Knl 77 rov"i 'ApyokoX irvOo/nevo^avTov rrepK^avY]'^, vavra"i irapairXeovra^; 69 KoX^ol'9 v artjaaadaL

^AXe^dvSpov, TrapaT/Jo^acrat

Trore

iirlTrXelaTOv avTM, Kal KapLuvTa, t% ovpds tov Xmrov Xa^ojxevov, ^acnXe(t)"i irXi]eVt avvTpe')(eiv, yevTa he "9 to fxeTwirov errlttjv ^Xe^a tw TeXei he 'AXetov tov jSaatXeLovB6paT0"i aljjLoppoelv hiah^jpaTi avrov tm diropia TeXap,6)vo"^, ^avhpov,
pbev irepihrjaai,Kal "p,7r\t]aOP]i'aL Be BidBTjpia, tov WXe^dvBpovp^dvTiv a'lpiaTo^ TO Avatpidx^p ^al (oBe ^AplaTavBpov tm (fyepo/juevoi 6 dv7]p, otl jSaaiXevcrei piev ovto^ exovTi eireLTrelv 6 piev Bij Kal S' eiTLiTovw^. 0acriXevaeL
TO

Tpavp^a

e^aal-

Xevae

TeaaapdKovTa

eTi] pudXiaTa

avv

ecrarol"^

226

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

about and avoided. But while he was advancing from CHAP the Hellespont to Lysimacheia a great and splendid told altar presented itself to his view, which he was had been built either by the Argonauts on their way to Colchis,or by the Achaeans who besieged Troy, the people in the neighbourhood stillcalled it Argos, either by a corruption of the name of the ship Argo, or from the native place of As he was stilllistening to this the sons of Atreus.
reason

for which

killed by Ptolemy, who stabbed him story, he was Philetaerus, the prince of Pergamus, in the back. bought the body of Seleucus from Ceraunus for a large sum of money, burned it,and sent the ashes to latter deposited them at The his son Antiochus. Seleucia-by-the-Sea, where he erected a temple to a his father, and made ])recinct round it. The precinct is called Nicatoreum. 64. I have heard that Lysimachus, who was one of once the armour-bearers of Alexander, was running by his side for a long distance, and, being fatigued, took hold of the tailof the king's horse and continued to run ; that he was struck in the forehead by the of his point of the king's spear, which opened one veins from which the blood flowed profusely ; that Alexander, for want of a bandage, bound up the diadem,^ which was thus saturated wound with his own Aristandrus, Alexander's with blood ; and that soothsayer,when he saw Lysimachus carriedaway with the diadem on his forehead, said,'^That man will be a king, but he will reign with toil and trouble." He reigned nearly forty years, counting those in which
The blue band with white spots, worn round the Persian kings, and adopted by Alexander.
^

the tiara of

227

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

i^aalXevcre, pdirevae, koI iirnrovco'i koI e/38ofi7]KovTovrrjf; mv (TrparevofjLevo'i koI ixa')(ofievo^ 3* iiravaipeOevTO'^ eireaev. avro) rov "vdv"; l^ekevKOV, kvcop K6L/JL6V0VTO (Tcofia rov Avai/jLd)(^ov
aXv/navTov i^ opvicov oiKelo^,e? TToXv uTrep/xa'^Mv, BiecfivXacrae, ^^p(^^o ^apadKoi OrjpL(ov p^^XP''

Xfco? eifpcov ol he eOayjrev.

rov OdylraL,
VTTO

avrov

8eou? Trpo? ^eXevKov ore Avalpaxp^ ^A"yadoKkea rov erepov avrov iralBa dveVkev, ipevvr}crdp^vovSe iv ra" rore ro awpa, kol gk rov kvpo"; fidXiara dvevpovra tjStjhLe"^6app,evov, rh he ivOeaOai rw Avdifiax^cL'i ocrrd rov"; acperepo) iepa", KOL TO Avcytp.dxj^iov irpoaayopevaat. lepbv

AXe^avhpov(fiaai Avcrtpdxov iralha, p.ev (f)uy6vTa

XI
CAP.

ToiovBe pev Bt] TeXo? eKarepw rcovherwv ^aai\e(j)vavvrjvex^V' dvhpeiordrcovre koX rd acopara ery], p.eytareov yevop^evcov, rov pulve? e/3Sop.^KOvra Bk e? irXeova rovrcov dWa rpca, p.epaxvrov en del p^^XP^ p^evwv eK %"i/309 "^^^Oavdrov. olKeia"i BidSoxoL, ira1"i 65. Xe\ev/cov8' d7ro6av6vro"^
""

irapd rrarpo^i CKBexop^evoL rrjv Xvpcov dpxr)v, eyevovro otSe, Avr'ioxo'^ l^^v 7rpa)ro"ioBe 6 rr]"; p/r)rpvLd"; ipaa0ei";, o? Kal aoorrjp eTreKXijOr Ta\dra"; "k Tr}9Eu/jcott?;? e? rrjv ^Aaiav ea^aBevrepo^ Be ^Avrioxo^ "repo"i, \6vra";,e^e\daa";, deo";iircovv"K rwv orw ydpLwv "yev6p,evo"^, rcoi'Be
pLov
VTTO

MiXtjctlcov jiyverat

irpoirov,on

Tipapxov rvpavvov
228

KaOeTkev. dWd

avrol^; rovBe p,ev

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

he was satrap,and he did reign with toil and trouble,chap. ^ in battle, He fell commanding his army and while still ^ fighting, at the age ofseventy. Directlyafterhisdeath Lysimachus Seleucus was killed, and Lysimachus' dog watched his master's body lying on the ground for a long time, and kept itfrom being harmed by birdsor beasts found and buried it. Others untilThorax of Pharsalia Alexander, son, say that he was buried by his own who fledto Seleucus from fear when Lysimachus put to death his other son, Agathocles ; that he searched for the body on that occasion and found it,mainly by the help of the dog, and that it was alreadypartly The Lysimacheians deposited the decomposed. bones in their temple and named the temple itself the Lysimacheum.

XI
Thus did these two kings,the bravest and most chap. ^^ to their end, one come for bodily size, of renowned them at the age of seventy, the other three years hands until older, and both fightingwith their own the day of their death. the kingdom The suc65. But after the death of Seleucus, father to geieucus of Syria passed in regular succession from Antiochus who was the same son as follows: the first in love with his stepmother, to whom was fell given for driving Soter out the surname (the Protector) of the Gauls who had made an incursion into Asia from Europe. The second was another Antiochus, born of this marriage, who received the surname of Theos instance, from the Milesians in the first Divine) (the This because he slew their tyrant, Timarchus.
229

APPIAN'S
CAP.
rov

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Oeov eKreivev 8vo Se et;^e, r) yvprj (Pap/ndfcq). AaoSiKrjv KOI BepevLKTjv, i^ epwro^; re koX iyyvrj'i, UroXefiaiov rov Ovyarepa- koX cf)L\aBeXcf)OV avrov AaoSiKyj, kul eV eKelvo)^epeviKrjv "KT"CV6
. .

T6

Koi

TO

Jiep"VLfC7j"; kol ^pec^io^.

"9

TlroXeiJiaio^6
re

TOV
"KT"ive

ravra (f)i\aSe\(f)ov,

TLVv/ji"VO"i,AaohLKrjv
e?
air oar

Kol
kol

ive/SoXe '^vp'iav koI

tmv ixevr](; Trj";

Vta^vXoiva
da
ew'^
Tore

rfXaaev.

YlapOualoL rr}"^
Terapay
tw

Tjp^avct)9

SeXevKihoiv

Oew ^acTcXev^ ^vpia"i verai y'ly ^eXeuATO?, ft 09 w koXrod Oeov re /cat AaoBLKrj";, irrX Be zeXev/cm Svo TralSe^ XlvLKO"i eiroovvpov.
avTOV

66. 'Etti he

^eXevKOV, fcaO^ rjXiKiav eKarepo^; Avtloxo^. %eXevfc6"; %eXevK"p re kol

^

avTMV,

fiev Srj

hvaireLOrj fcal Trevo/xevw kol TOV (TTpaTov exovTL ol (f)iXoL eTre^ovXevaav Bid Bvo kol 69 eT7) fiova (pappLaxcov, e^a'Ai^Tto;^o9 Be 6 6 /jteya'^ aiXevaev oBe ""ttIv 'PcofiaieTTLfcXrjv,rrepX oh /jlol irdXai eipTjTai, ot9 ire'TToXepLrjKOTO'^. i^aaiXevae Be "Tr) eirTa
re

dadevel

ovn

KOI

TpidKovTa.
KOL

Trpoelirov
re

TraiBoiv XeXevKov dji^olv ^ejBacnXevKOTOLv,

Kol

avTov

Trepl

tolv

^AvTLoxov, ^eXevKov fxev erecrt BcoBe/ca, d7rpdKT(o"i djjiaKal d(T6evM"^Bid Tr)v rov irarpo^ AvTLoxpv Be BcoBe/ca ov peatv ev av/jL"f"opdp, irX-t] ApjxevLov elXe,Kal top ^Apra^lav ol"i eV AtyvTrrov iarpdrevaev eirl cktov UToXe/jLalou, 6p"^avev6^

(TTparorreBevovTi UorrlXioi; TreplTtjv AXe^dvBpeiav Trapd 'Vwfxaioiv rjKe, (^epwvBeXrov ev fjTaBe eyeTrpecr^evTr)^; ypaiTTo, fjLri nroXep.elv UroXe/xaiotf; ^AvTio^ov.
^

fxevov puer

dBeX(f)ov. Kal

avro)

230

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

Theos was poisoned by his wife. He had two wives, chap Laodice and Berenice, the former a love-match, the latter a daughter pledged to him by Ptolemy Philadelphus. Laodice assassinated him and afterward Berenice and her child. Ptolemy, the son of by killing Philadelphus, avenged these crimes Laodice. He invaded Syria and advanced as far as their revolt, taking advantage of the confusion in the house of the Seleucidae. 66. Seleucus, the son ot Theos and Laodice, b.c.
Babylon.
now

The

Parthians

began

246

Callinicus (theTriumphant), succeeded surnamed Theos as king of Syria. After Seleucus his two sons, Seleucus and Antiochus, succeeded in the order of
their age.

b.c.

226

sickly and poor and the obedience of the army, he unable to command was poisoned by a court conspiracy after reigning Antiochus the His brother was only two years. Great, who went to war with the Romans, of whom I have
written

As

Seleucus

was

b.c.

224

reigned thirty-sevenb.c. of his two sons, years. I have already spoken Seleucus and Antiochus, both of whom ascended the former reigned twelve years, but throne. The by reason feebly and without success of his father's Antiochus (Epiphanes) reigned not b.c. misfortune. he of which quite twelve years, in the course tion captured Artaxias the Armenian and made an expediinto Egypt against Ptolemy VL, who had been brother. While he was b.c left an orphan with one to him as Alexandria, Popilius came encamped near Roman ambassador, bringing an order in writing that he had he should not attack the Ptolemies. When
above. 231

He

187

i75

108

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
kol

BOOK

XI

^ovXevcreaOaL, 6 TLottlXio^,kol Kv/cXov rrjpd/SSw 'Trepieypayjrev ivravOa ^ovXevov.^^ 6 fiev Srj /caraelirev ^K\vjuiaLa"; to ^AcppoSirrj Tr)"^ /cat TrXayel^ dve^ev^e, lepov "(7v\rja", koX ^dlvwv ireXevTrjae, TraiSiov
ava'yvovTL
"

he

avrw,

Xeyovn

evvaere^

aTrokLTrcov,

^Avrlo^ou

top

evTraTopa,

"?

fioi KOL

irepl TOvSe elprjTai, tov /leT irepl ArjfjirjTplov avTOv, 0? o),ut]peveviv 'Vutfjur) koX t?}?6/jLr}peLa ifccfivycdp acoTrjp kol oSe 7rpo"; tcov e^aatXevae, Xvpcov,SevTepo"i inl tw XeXev/cov tov viKCLTopof; rt? iraihl 6vo/jLaa6eU.eTraviaTaTai, he avTU)
67. EiprjTUL Se Kol

^A\e^avhpo";, elvat -^jrevBofievos

yevov^'
Kara

SeXevKelov Kal IlToXe/iaio?6 tP;? AlyvirTov ^a(Ti\ev"i

tov

'AXe^dvfuaro^ Ar]/jLr)TpLov "TVve\dfi/3av6v

Bptp. Kal Ar]pL/]TpLo"i fiev hta TlToXefiatove^erreae dpxV'^ Kal "TeXevTr)(r"' tov Be ^AXe^avSpov T?}? 6 Arj/nTjTpLOV Arjfi7JTpL0"i TovSe tov otcottje^e^aXe ")? voOov tov po"^vi6";, yevov; dvSpa Kal eirl TOfSe,

Svpcov oivo/xdadrj, TMV VLKdTwp VTTO BevTepo"; Kal oBe jxeTa ^eXevKov. enri re liapOva'iov^Kal She /neTa ^eXevKov ia-TpdTevae,kol hiaiTav el')(ev ev ^padTov al')(/jidX(OT0"^ yev6/J-6vo"i avTw ^aatXecoi;, Trjv Kal ^VoBoyovvrjv e^ev^ev 6 ^aaiXev's. dBeX(f)tji^ 68. Hapd Be ttjv di'ap')(Lav BovXo^ tcov TijvBe ^aaiXewv Ai6Boto"; TraiBlov ^AXe^avBpov, e^ WXe^dvBpov TOV voOov koI t^? YlToXe/nalov OvyaTp6";, eirl ttjv ^aauXeiav ^yayev. Kal to
VLKTjGa^y

TraiBlov KTeiva";
eavTOv Tpv(f)cov dif)*

avTo"i

eTTCToX/i'tjae

fieTovofiaaOei^;, dX'X! avTov

t?} a/"%^,

AvTLo^o"; 6
232

ATj/jLtjTpiov TOV dBeX(f)6"i al)(/iaX(OTov,

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

it.chap. read it he replied that he would think about Popiliusdrew a circle and around him with his staff and said,"Think about it here." He M^as terrified from the temple the countiy, and robbed withdrew a wasting b.c. 164 of Venus of Elymais ; he then died of disease, leaving a son nine years of age. the Antiochus Eupator already mentioned. 67. I have also spoken of Demetrius, his sue- b.c. 162 cessor, and who had been a hostage in Rome was He also calledDemetrius who escaped and became king. being the second who bore that Soter by the Syrians, title afterthe son of Seleucus Nicator. Against him falsely a certain Alexander took up arms, pretending to whom Seleucidae, family to be of the of the Ptolemy, king of Egypt, gave aid because he hated Demetrius. The latterwas deprived of his kingdom by thismeans and died. His son, Demetrius, drove over this bastard of out Alexander, and forhis victory the family he was surnamed Nicator by the Syrians, the next who bore that title after Seleucus. Following the example of Seleucus he made an taken expedition against the Parthians. He was prisoner by them and lived in the palace of King Phraates,who gave him his sister, Rhodoguna, in marriage. 68. While the country was without a government Palace Diodotus,a slave of the royal house, placed on the ^^^^Pi'-a^i^' Alexander, a son throne a young bo}- named of Alexander the Bastard and of Ptolemy's daughter. Afterwards he put the boy to death and undertook the government himself and assumed the name of Trypho. But Antiochus, the brother of the captive Demetrius, learning in Rhodes of his capti-

233

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

Kreivei ev 'Vohw irepl alxiia\.w(Tia"^, 7rv06fjLevo"i ti)"; /carioov

e?

ra kol

irarpwa

crvv

ttovw

ttoWCo.

kol

68e irrlrov ^padrifv, tov aheX^ov Srj 6 avrov "t"padTr]"^ jjL"v eheiae kol rov alrcov. 6 S' 'Az^rto^o? kol Ar)/ji7]TpLou w? i^eTrefiyjrev YiapdvaioL^, kol rjacrcofievof; (jvve^akere tol"; he kol Arj/x/irptov eicreivev. eKreive eavTov e? rrjv iiraveXOovTa rj yvvr] KXeoirdrpa, BoXo/Saa-iXelav Sl Bid ^7]\ov rod jdpLOv 'FoSoyovpi]";, (fyovyjcraaa Sr] Kol ^Avrcox^p t" dSeXcjyw ov rod Ar)fxi^r piov 8vo rjaav jiev koI 7ralS""i 7rpov'ye'yd]jL7]ro. avrfj 'Azvrto^o?, or(p Arjfii]rpLov,SeXeu/co? re kol eK ^A.vrioxp'^, e/c Be ^Avnoxpv orw ypvTTO^ erriKXt^ai'^,
arparevet,

rov Ku^tK7]vo"; pi,ev ypvirov 6? errdivvpLOV.rovrwv *AO}]va"^, Be K.v^cKyvov rov e? Kv^lkov "7re7r6fjL Tpe(f)"crOaL.

69.
ro

SeXeuKOV B' evOv";inl rw

irarpl ArjpLrjrpiO)

BidB-qpiaeTTiOepLevov e/creivev, eiriro^evo-acra rov BoXo(})OP)ja-e 'jrarpo'^ rrepi r?}? etVe Beicraora etre kol pLavidiBeL Trdvra^; pdcrei. pierd Be 7rp6"; ^eXevKOv 6 ypviro^ eyevero ^aaLXev^,/cat rrjv
pu))repa ol

Kepdaacrav ttlelv rjvdyKaaev. "^dppiaKov Be dpa rri"; 7] pi"v Bt} BUrjv TTore eBcoxev,d^io"; rw rjv /cat 6 ypvTTo^' eTre^ovXeve pL7]rpo"; yap K.v^LK7]va) Kaiirep ovrc o/uopujrpLq). 6 Be p-aOoov dp-)(ri"; kol avrov eTToXepLrjae re avrw rrj"^ e^i-jXaae KOL Xvpoi"; eKeivov uvr ^aaiXevf; eyevero. rol"^ roi'Be^eXevKO^ 6 ^AvrLo^ov rov ypvrroi) i'm(Trparevaa"^ ovri 7raL";, irep 6el(pyTrapelXero Be kov rvpavviKcoraroi; coi- ev rrjv dp'yr]^. ^laio^ 'EcTTta Moyjrov rP]"; KiXtKLa"i Karen p}]aOt] Kara ro 'Avrloxo'i 6 BieBe^aro yvpLvdacov. Ka\ avrov
oKKa
KOL

234

THE

SYRIAN

WARS

home and, with great difficulty, put Trypho chap vity,came Then he too marched to death. with an army his brother. Phraates and demanded against Phraates was afraidof him and sent Demetrius back. Antiochus nevertheless fought with the Parthians, trius Demebeaten, and committed suicide. When was killed by returned to his kingdom he, too, was
on the craft of his wife, Cleopatra, who was jealous account of his marriage with Rhodoguna, for which reason also she had previously married his brother Antiochus. She had borne two sons to Demetrius, Hooknamed Seleucus and Antiochus Grypus (the nosed)

named Antiochus Cyzicenus. She had sent Grypus to Athens and Cyzicenus to Cyzicus to be educated. 69. As soon as Seleucus assumed the diadem after the death of his father Demetrius his mother shot him dead with an arrow, either fearing lest he should avenge his father's murder or moved by an hatred for everybody. insane After Seleucus, Grypus became king, and he compelled his mother to drink poison that she had mixed for himself. So justice evertook her at last; but Grypus himself For he laid a proved to be worthy of such a mother. plot against Cyzicenus, his half-brother,but the latter found it out, made war him, drove him out of on the kingdom, and became king of Syria in his stead. Then Seleucus, the son of Grypus, made war on his uncle and took the government away from him. The new sovereign was violent and tyrannical and burned death in to was the gymnasium at the city in Cilicia. Antiochus, the son of Mopsuestia of
one son,

; and to Antiochus

235

APPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XI

S* avrov (eraipa 'Trapcovo/j.aaav

01/ viro Kv^iK-ijuov' eirL^ovXevofievov %e\ev!"ovrov dve^jnov ol /xev ^vpoL vo/xL^ovai Blclrovro hi evare/Seiav, kol irepLacoOrjvaL evcre^fj

u/o9 rob

eacoaev,

epaaOelaa

8e hoKOvaiv iirlyeXcori avroj ijjLol Tov KuWovfi), TTOU^aaadat to ovofjia ol %vpoi' eyrj/ie yap oura ^e\.r)vi']v, ije6 eva"/3)](; t") rj kol Trarpl avrov ra" Kv^iktjpm yd/jirjro jcal rQ" jpvTTU) Oeicoyevo6eov iienovro^ avrov fievw. roLydproL e^rjXaae dpxV'^ Tcypdvr]";. rrj"; ix 70. Kal rov eKeivov viov rov ^eXijvrj rrj"; avrw yevofxevov, ev ^Aala re rpac^evra Kal diro dcpelXero e-iriKXrjv, YlofiirrjiO'^ rovSe \\"TLarL/cov ovra w? /xev rr]V ^vp(DV dp)(rjv, (Jboi XeXeKrai, eTTraKacSeKarov etc "^eXevKOv "Evpcov ^acrtXia Spov re kol rov ^AXe^dvSpov (i^alpco yap ^AXe^ai AtoSorov), iralha oo^ voOov^, Kal rov hovXov avrcov S' d(T')(^oXiai"; ev rat? ^aaiXevaavra ral^ Ho/xrj Se dpxh '^^^ ^eXevirrjLov eirl ev pLovov ero";. hievLavrov"^ klBcov "9 rpiaKovra iirlhiaKoaioL"=;
rov e? Kal et rt? eTTLo-Koiroir) Xpovov diT ^AXe^dvBpov, irpoaOerCov eirl rol"i 8iaKoaLoL"; rpidKovra ereai rd Tiypdvov"; reacra-

LKero'

'Pwyaatou?

oecTKaiheKa. ^laKehovwv roiv %vpLa"^ TocraSe jiev BrjKal irepl ^e/SaaiXevKorcov el^ov elirelv ")? ev dXXorpia

avyypa"p7].

236

THE

SYRlAiN

WARS

chap. Cyzicenus, succeeded bim. The Syrians think tliat he escaped a plot of his cousin Seleucus on account they gave him the of his piety, for which reason name of Antiochus Pius. He was really saved by a prostitutewho fellin love with him for bis beauty. have given him I think that the Syrians must

for this Pius mai-ried this titleby way of a joke, Selene, who had been the wife of his father, Cyzicenus,and of his uncle, Grypus. For thisreason the divine vengeance pursued him and he was expelled from his kingdom by Tigranes.
K"d of the of Pius and Selene, who was brought Heleucidae 1 A called Asiaticus, up in Asia and was for that reason deprived of the government of Syria by Pompey, was He was the sevenas I have already mentioned. teenth I king of Syria, reckoning from Seleucus (for

70. The

son

"

"

leave out Alexander and his son as being illegitimate, and he reigned only and also their slave,Diodotus), one year,while Pompey was busy elsewhere. The dynasty of the Seleucidae lasted 230 years. To compute the time from Alexander the Great to the domination there must beginning of the Roman be added fourteen years of the rule of Tigranes. So much, in the way of digression, concerning the

Macedonian kings of Syria.

237

BOOK
THE
MITHRIDATIC

XII
WARS

M'

MT0PIAATEIOS

CAP.
^

1-

"EWriv""; ^p^Ka"i

yjyouvTai, toli?

e?

*'1Xlov
vito

/jLera 'Vrjcrov drparevaavra^j

'Vrjcrovvvkto";

dvaLpeOevTO^ ALOfjLi]8ov(i
TOt?
eTreat,

ov

rpoirov "Ofir/po'^eV

/cat ol T/}? 7/}? ^paKcov to rcov e? Bv^uvtlov vrrep 7r6pdaavTa"i t^z^ BiOvvcjvXeyofievcov Trapd HiOuav irora/jLov oiKTjaai,

iariv h ^paKyv 6 SLciTrXov;, (TTOfia,y "7T"VQ)raT6"; OL fieu ovK Kara/aeLvaL eTTirv^ovra'; ifkoiwv rfjSe Xeyofievrj^;, Be/Spf/cta? Be Kpartjaai

eVl rov (j)"vyovTa"; "ppd^6L,

TIovtov

to

e? 1^6^pvKLavav0L";i7raveX0 Kol Xl/hu)TTLeaOevTa'^ diro rov irorajjiov Kal J^iBwiav dvrl Vt6^pvKLa"^, Trap ov (pKovv, ovo/xdcrai,, i)Kal to ovofxa avTol"; dXoyw^ crvv Xpovw irapaTpairrjvaL, ovk e? TroXt; BLdvvLa"; irapd ttjv Be^pumav Siacpepovarj ri}? erepoi he BlOvv dp^ai wSe fjievevLOi vofil^ovaiv, ou? irpoiTOv avTMV, iralha Ato? re koX SpdKr]";, iTrwvvfjLOvq eKUTepa yfj yeveaOai. 2. TaSe fiev ovv /jlol Bidvviaf;' TrpoXeXex^o)irepX he irpo ^VayfiaioivavTrj"i ^aa-iXecov, evvea Twv
KOI

yevofxevcov, otov fjuoi T6(7(TapdKovTa ecfie^rjf^ 'Pco/juaLcov fidXtaTa fivq/jLOvevaai, irpoarjKeL t^,

240

BOOK
THE

XII
WARS

MITHRIDATIC
I

Greeks think that the Thracians who ^^Y^war with Rhesus, who was marched to the Trojan killedby Diomedes in the night-time in the manner described in Homer's poems/ fled to the outlet of the Euxine sea at the place where the crossing to Thrace is shortest. Some say that as they found no 1. The ships they remained there and possessed themselves of the country called Bebrycia. Others say that they crossed over to the country beyond Byzantium called Thracian Bithynia and settled along the river forced by hunger to return to Bithya, but were Bebrycia, to which they gave the name of Bithynia from the river where they had previously dwelt ; or was changed by them insensibly perhaps the name difference with the lapse of time, as there is not much think. between Bithynia and Bebrycia. So some Bithys, the son Others say that their first ruler was of Zeus and Thrace, and that the two countries from them. received their names 2. So much by way of preface concerning Bithynia. Of the forty-nine kings who successively ruled the country before the Romans, the one most worthy of history, is Prusias, my mention, in writing Roman
I

I/lad

X.

482-497. 241

APPIAN'S
AP.

ROMAN
npovaLa";

HISTORY,
rjv

BOOK

XII

"rvyypd(f"oi"ri,
ft)

Kvvr}'yo"; i7riK\t]aLP,

IXe/xreu? o

MaKeBovcov ^acn\ev"; rrjv

ov

dSeXcprjv

Ilepaew"^ kcu 'Fco/jialcov "9 dWrjXov; lovrcov, 6 ')("Lpa'ieV Ilepcreft)? 8' akovTipovaia^ ov8erepoL"; crvve/Jidxet. Vwfjiaicov roL"i ro^ dirrjVTriae (7TpaTriyo2"; elfxa re 'Vco/iaiKov djjLTrexofJ'GVO'i, o /caXovcrt koX Trj^evvov, 'IraXt/ca, rrjv i^vpr)v7roS}]/uaTaexfov Ke"^akrjv /j,evo"iKal irlXov eiriKeifjievo^y oS rpoirw nve^ irpotaai T(ov iv hiaOrjKai^i iXevdepcoBevrwv, ala^po^ Mv 6(p6r]vaL evTV^f^v Kal ^pa')(y";. Kal raXXa " 'Vco/iaicov S' avTOL"i tu" pco/ialarl pijfiarc e"^r] iarlv \t/3e/c"T09," oirep el/xl ciTreXevOepo^;. fyiXcora Be nrapaax^J^ e? 'Fm/jltjv

koX T^jyvrjaev.

ttoXv

varepov

koI (j)av6h eVe/K/)^/;,

KavravOa yeXoLO^; eTV^^ a-vyyvco/xr}^. 'ArraXw 3. X.p6va)8' varepov rt, p^aX,67r7;i/a?, *AaLa"i BacTfXet TO) rb JJepya/xop, tj}?rrrepl T?}? ^AaidSa. /jLaOovaa 5' 17 rrjv yrjv ihtjov ttjv 'Vcofiaicov ^ovX7] TrpoaeTre/jLTrerco Yipovaia fi^j ATTuXfp, ^tXw Vco/xaLO)V ovn iToXefjie'lv Kal (TVfxen exovri ol irpeajSef^; jJ^dyw- Kal Bva7T"iO(b"; vtto rot? fjL"T dvaTdae(o"i Trpoairacrcrov nreiOeadaL ri](;(TvyKXrjTov XeyofJLevoL^;, Kal i^Keiv fierd ^j^iXtwi^* iirl TL iTTTrecov "9 avvdr]KaL"^, fieOopiov evda Kal "AttoXov rov e^aaav TreptfieveLv/lerd roaMvZe 0 3 a)9 aw ArrdXo) KaraoXiycov tow erepcov. iveBpevaeiv,irpovKal iXTTiaa"^avrov (f)povr](Ta'i, 009 fMCTa ^tXto)!^kirofxevo^, irefXTre tov"; Trpia/Sei^; arparov rjyev ot)9 "9 irdvra 5' dvaaTrjaa"^ top /idxv^' ^ArrdXov Be Kal tmv alaOoirpea^ecov BvpaTO^ avrcov fj fievcov re Kal Bia"j)vy6vT(op
242

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Perseus, king of chap. the Hunter, to whom sumamed Macedonia, gave his sister in marriage. When Perseus and the Romans, not long afterward, went king of * ^"'* Prusias did to war take not sides other, each with taken with either of them. W^hen Perseus was prisoner Prusias went to meet the Roman generals, garment, of the kind called wearing a Roman lebennus,^ shoes, with his head shaved and and Italian do who as slaves sometimes wearing on it a pilleus, have been made free in their masters' wills. He When he met a small and ugly man. was, moreover, " them he said in the Latin tongue, 1 am the lihertus They "freedman." of the Romans," which means laughed at him and sent him to Rome, and as he there he obtained pardon. appeared equallyridiculous being incensed against Attalus, bc. 154 3. Some time later, king of the Asiatic country about Pergamus, Prusias ^^0,^^* Senate Attains the Roman ravaged his territory. When learned of this they sent word to Prusias that he their friend and must not attack Attalus, who was slow in obeying, the ambassadors ally. As he was him to obey the orders of the sternly commanded Senate and to go with 1000 horse to a place on the frontier to negotiate a treaty with Attalus, who, they said, was awaiting him there with an equal Despising the handful of men with Attalus number. him, Prusiassent the ambassadors and hoping to ensnare following with in advance to say that he was but actuallyput his whole army in motion 1000 men, and advanced as if to battle. When Attalus and the ambassadors learned of thisthey took to promiscuous
*

Possibly equivalent to the paludamentum.

243

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
tmv

BOOK

XII

iylyveTo

twv crKevo(j)6pcov *Pa)/jLaLKMv /^Trrero, koI ')((JdpLo viroXeKpOevTcov KareaKairre, rt i^eXwv l"^iKrj(f)6piov koI tov"; iv

eKacrro^,

6 Se Koi

avTW

I'ect)?

"KrraXov "V"7rLfi7rpr),

re

e?

to

Tiep-

iiroXLopKei, /-te^^pt koX rayvhe 'VcofJLaloi erepov; eirefMiTov, TTvOo/jLevoL ol Trpea/Bei^ 'ArraXft) Jlpovaiav eKeXevov 6l top ra"i /3\d^a"; ovv Tore airorlaai. Karaifkayel^ 6 Yipovaia^ virrfKOvae /catave-^wpeu. ttolvtjv Be twv Trpea/Secov 'ATTaX,';o 6piadvT0)v avTov KaTavav"^ eaeveyKelv avTiica kclI dpyvpiov aiivXP^^^P elicoaLv
yajjLov

(TVfjL^vyovTa

(f)pdKTov";

TciXavTa irevTaKocnay Td"i re vav"i eScoKe koX to, tm ev ^povo) crvvecjyepei/. X^pTj/iiaTa Bia /iiaov^ Toi"^ 4. ^'OvTi 8' avTUi eTrl v7rr)K6oL"; NLKop7]Sr]"; vio"; tjv, irdw TOi? ufpoTTjTL x^XeTTrj, ^lOvvoI^ dpeaKwv oirep 6 TLpovala'^ v"f)opQ)fjL avTOV 69 'Vco/jirjv ^iovvpieTecTTrjaaro. koi pbaOcov Ber}evhoKipLOvvTa KUKel, irpoaeTa^e t% ySouX.?}? 'ArraXw "TL TWV Ofjvai, XPVJ^''^'^^^ of^eCkopevwv diToXvcrai. M.rjvdv tg avrw avTOV avfjbirpea^irjva, ^evaovTa eirepLire'koI ecprjTO tw el pev erriTvypi

BeaOai
avTOV

twv ert ^^/ory^tarwz/, t/}?d(f)e(xeo)"i

tou ev

Nifco/jLJ]Bov";, el Be d7T0Tv-)(0L, KTeiveiv

re

"^et-

'Vcop^Tj.KepKovpov";

tlvw^

e?

tovto

avTW, koi aTpaTL(oTa"?. crvveTTefjU-ylrev Upovaua 6 Be ovk rw d^eOeiarj^; p^ev ^r)pbia"i Tr}? C hvBpovLKO^ yap "7ri7reyLt(^^ei? e? dvTiXoyiav iiiro 'ArraX.OL' Tr]v ^rip,Lav dire^aivev eXdrrova t?)? Be Xoyov tov dp7rayr]";), ^CKOpLijBr) Kal a7rovBrj"; ovtg KTeiveivavTOV a^LOvopwv, rjiToprjTO, koX

Biaxi^Xiov;

Beo"^. oyLtw? 8*
244

v^laTaTOovTe

avTo";
avTw

e?

^lOvvlav

eiravLevat

Bia

^paBvvovTi avvei^

veavi-

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

flight. Prusias seizedthe beasts of burden belonging chap ^ to the Romans that had been leftbehind, captured and destroyed the stronghold of Nicephorium, burned the temples in it, and besieged Attalus,who had fled When these things became known in to Pergamus. Rome a fresh embassy was sent, ordering Prusias to make compensation to Attalus for the damage done Then Prusias became alarmed, obeyed the to him. order, and retired. The ambassadors decided that as a penalty he must transfer to Attalus twenty decked ships at once, and pay him 500 talents of silverwithin a certain time. Accordingly he gave up the ships and began to make the payments at the prescribedtime. on 4. Prusias was hated by his account of His son subjects his extreme cruelty,while his son, Nicomedes, was Nicoiuedea the Bithynians. Thus the very popular among latterfellunder the suspicion of Prusias,who sent Learning that he was much him to live in Rome. esteemed there also,Prusias directed him to petitionb.c. 148 the Senate to release him from the payment of the due to Attalus. He sent Menas as his money still fellow-ambassador,and told him if he should secure a remission of the payments to spare Nicomedes, but For this purpose he if not, to kill him at Rome. sent a number of small boats with him and 2000 not soldiers. As the fine imposed on Prusias was Andronicus, who had been sent by remitted (for Attalus to argue on the other side,showed that it lessin amount Menas, seeing was than the plunder), that Nicomedes was an estimable and attractive young was man, at a loss to know what to do. He could self not bear to kill him and he feared to go back himto Bithynia. However the young man noticed 245

AFPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
9

HISTORY,

BOOK

XIJ
avv-

cr/co?

"9

Xoyof

5' iTTi^ovXevcraL OifievoL ra" Ylpovaia,rov 'Attci'AvSpoviKov e? to epyou rrpocr\ov TTpecr^evrrjv Xva rov "AttoXov ireiaeie tov NLKOfiijSr eXa^ov, 5' di^a/jLeLvavT""; ^idvi'lap. e? Karayayeiv
A,ou9 eV TTj ^epvLKj], TToXtcrfiaTifprivl

iOeXovrt KaKeivw. rfkOev,

Trj"i
heoL

'HTretttolclv

aW^-

pov,

vuKTO'^

"9 icr^dvT6";

vavi"

re

avveTiOevro,kol
1/60)9

hiekvOy-jcrav en vvKr6";.

jSaacXLKrjv koI 7]/ji(j)i"cr/ie S' BidSrjfjLa viravA.i"hp6vLKo"; avTov "7nKeLfj,"vo";,

re 7rop4"vpav
^

^acriXeaiTpoaeiiT(iivTrapeTTefiire Tidaa"; re kol wv arpaTicoTMV el')(e irevTaKoaiwv. M';;m9 jjberd he viroKpivo/ievo'i rore TTpuyrov yaOfjcrOai NikoScaSpafjico Trapovro';, 69 tol'9 BLa)(iXiov"; /jLr'jSovf; 8vo,^ Xoyro, iSvacpopei. Trpolcbv Be tw ec^rj, rov ^aaiXeoLV, fiev 6vto"^ iv rfj x^P^ '^^^ ^' BiadvayKOiov vuiv to ev "7ri6i"Tu";,
"

"

acpeTepov

TiOeaOaL peadai,

Koi
ft)9
ev

tov

-/fTr)ao/'C'"ov

/caXay^; TeKfiai-

awTripia^ luiZe Tr]"f 7]/jL"T2f.n.; ^e^aiovjievrj^;, iroTepo^; irpolBcofjLeOa rjv kuXm^ 6 Be 6 fiev 8/; yepwv trriv, avTcbifeTTLKpaTrjaei. Be tov veo9* d7roaTpe(^nvrai, Kol Bl6vvoi tuv /jL"V re atpovvTai. 'Pco/jtaiccz^ ol BwutoI tov veaviav dyaiTMGi' KOL 'AvBp6vLK0"iavTCv 7]0y Bopv(f)opwv dpyjiv re av}xpiay(LOiv, VTroBeiKWdL Tr)V AttuKov BlOvpol^;yeiTovevovTOf; koI kol e^f^VTOf; lj,eydXr)v
^

CK

iroXXou

Tw

Upovaia

'

ireiroXeixcopLevov.

Xeycov

TlpovaLov Be Tav6^ d/xa real Trjv cD/xonjTa tov "9 diravTa^, koI ocra 7rov7]pd TrapeyvfjLVOv, rrpd^eiev iirlTolaBe BiOvvw" 69 avTov e;^^09. fcalTO KOLvov Be Tipovaiov ft)9 KdK"ivov"; elBe Trjv jjbox^Tjplav
246

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

his delay and sought a conference with him, which chap. ^ what he wanted. They formed a plot against wasjust Prusias and secured the co-operation of Andronicus, the legate of Attalus,that he should persuade Attalus Piusias to take back Nicomedes to Bithynia. They met by agreement at Bernice, a small town in Epirus, where they entered into a ship by night to confer as to what should be done, and separated before daylight. 5. In the morning Nicomedes came out of the in the royal purple and wearing a diadem ship clad his head. Andronicus met him, saluted him as on king, and formed an escort for him with 500 sokliers that he had with him. Menas, pretending that he had then for the first time learned that Nicomedes was present, rushed to his 2000 men and spoke to " Since," he went them with assumed trepidation. " have two kings, one in the country, and on, we look out the other marching against it, we must for our interests, and form a careful judgown ment future, because our lies in the of safety foreseeing correctly which of them will be the the other stronger. One of them is an old man, The Bithynians are averse is young. to Prusias; The leading they are attached to Nicomedes. Romans are fond of the young man, and Andronicus has already furnished him a guard, which suggests that Nicomedes is in alliancewith Attalus,who rules an extensive dominion alongsidethe Bithynians and is an old enemy of Prusias." At the same time he exposed the cruelty of Prusias and his outrageous conduct toward everybody, and also the general hatred in which he was held by the Bithynians. When he saw that the soldiers also abhorred the wickedness of Prusiashe led them forthwith to Nico247

JgaS^""

APPIAN'S
GAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
e?

BOOK
tov

XII

NiK0fjL7)hr]v avTLKa, KoX TrpoaetTTcovfcaloSe ^aaiXea Seure/jo? eVl KvhpoviKW fxera rwv BcctylXlcov
avrov^ rjyev a7roaTpe^o/ji6vov";,
^

irpoOv^w'i vveBeTroXei^ Kol TOV Ylpovaiav eKekevae tm iraihl X^'^o, hovvai. e? evoLKyjaiv kol re riva^ ycopav e? i"j)6Bia Bcoaeiv 6 S' avTLKa (SacnXeiav rrjv ^AttoXou e(^7] Srj airaaav, TrepLiroiSiV i)v koX irpoTepov NiKO/ii'iBeL 6' ravra Walav ia/SaXecv. e? e? eTre/jLirev elircov 'AttuXov 'Vcofiyv Tou? Ni/co/AT^Sou? Kal KaTrjyopij re kol e? "T0VTd"i TrpoKaXeao/Jbivov^ Kpicnv. ol 5' "ArTaXov evOu^; i"iTr)v ^idvviav, TOV dfjL(f)l "X(t)povv 6Xiyov"i Kal irpoaLovcriv avTol"; ol Y^lOvvoX KaT dirLarMv, Kal TrpoaeTidevTo. Upovalaf;8' aTraatv 'Va)fULL0v"i avTov iXiTL^cov i^aip/jcreadaLiiri-

6. AttoXo^

ehopv^opei.

t"

tov

veaviav

AijjyuXiv /SouA-r}?, %paKa^

tov

7revTaK0(TL0u";
TO

ol, aWi'^aa^Kal Xa/Schv TolaSe

"pa/":a,Ky]8eaTr]V ovTa

t/}?

fiovoa
ev

e? Tr]v aKpoiroXiv rrjv aco/jLaiirerpe'^eVy

^iKaia KaTa4)vy(ov 6 Be 'Vco/iaicov "7TpaTr)yo"; iv dcTTeL ovre avTiKa eTrrjyev iirlttju ^ovXyv TOV"i ^ArrdXa)TOV Upoucrlov 7rpecr^6L(;, x^pt^ojJLevo'i top iirayaycovre irore, /3ovXi]"; tt}? '^ri(^iaapAvr]"^ kXeaOai re Kal Trpea(TTpaT7)yov avTov Tre/iylrac BtaXvaouai tov /3ei? ol iroXe/Mov, e'iXeTO rpeU dvBpa";, ttote o)V 6 fiev ttjv XlOw irXrjyel'i Ke(^aXi)v 6 Be tou? d(TXV/^ova"; tire"eiTo vroSa? oiTeiXd"^, 6 B^ vr.o BiecfyOapTO pev/iarof;, Ld)TaTO"; evofiirjXiO Kdrcova eirio)(jTe Tr]v Trpea^eiav ^"T0 elvai, vovv (TKODiTTOVTa T-qv irpea^eiav ravrrjv firjTe elirelv fJLrjre e-^^LV iroBa^/xiJTe Ke(f)aXi]V. 7. Ol fiev Brj 7rpea/3"L"i Biduvlav dcjyiKOVTO "9 Kal irpoakTaaaov avTol^ tov iroXe^ov eKXvaai,
248

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

chap. as Andronicus medes and saluted him as king, just had done before, and formed a guard for him with his 2000 men. 6. Attains received the young man warmly and ordered Prusias to assign certain towns for his son's occupation, and territory to furnish him supplies. Prusias replied that he would presently give him the whole kingdom of Attains, to win which for he had Nicomedes invaded Asia before. After

he made a formal accusation at giving this answer Rome against Nicomedes and Attains and cited them forces of Attains at once to trial. The made an inhabitants of which trusting gradually took sides with the invaders. Prusias, diseverybody and hoping that the Romans him from the toilsof the conspiracy, would rescue asked and obtained from his son-in-law, Diegylis,the guard Thracian, 500 men, and with these alone as a bodyThe he took refuge in the citadel of Nicaea. urban praetor at Rome, in order to favour Attains, delayed introducing the ambassadors of Prusias to finallyhe did introduce them, the Senate. When and the Senate voted that the praetor himself should choose legates and send them to settle the he selected three men, had one difficulty, of whom been struck on the head with a stone, from once which he was badly scarred ; another was lame from considered an utter fool; gout, and the third was conthe sarcastic remark cerning wherefore Cato made feet, it had sense, no no this embassy, that head. and no 7. The legates proceeded to Bithynia and ordered be discontinued. Nicomedes and Attalus that war
incursion into

Bithynia, the

249
VOL.

II.

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Be Kol WttoXov ^tKO/jirjSou"i

avyxcopelu i/Tro/cpivo-

ovk eXeyov elvai ol ^lOvvoX BLSa-\^0evT""; fiivcov Upovalov, Bvvarol en (pepetv rrjv oi/xorrjTa rrjv yevojJi^voL Bvay^epalvovTe^. fjiokidra avrw (f)avepoL ^I^co/jLaicov ovttq) co? rdBe ol jJbev Srj 'Trpea^et^y S' Tipovaia^ eiravrjeaav aTrpaKTor TTvOo/jLevcov,

eVel
inarevwv

KOI

Oev e?
Kol
avTOV

o)? Kparvvovjievo^ ^LKo/jL^Secav

eiTLova-L

aizkyvw, ol? jiaXiaTa e? d/jLVvav ovSevb"; fjLcrrjX eire^povriKei,

tt]V irokiv

TO,

'Fco/juaiCDV

TOt?

rd"iTTuXa?
rov

iroXefJirjawv. ol he irpoBiBovre's dvew^av, koI 6 jiev 'NLKO/jL'^

top

idfiei fiera
Ato?

arparov,

Be Upovcrlav e? lepov

avveKevrrjcrdv Tiv""i eirLirefJuKaTa(j)vy6vTa dvrl ^LKo/jL7]Brj"; ovtco eV rod Nlko/jL1]Bov^. (pOivret;

JJpovaiou BlOvvwv

i/SacrlXeve, koI

avrov

xpovw

'Vcofiaucovavrw iiTLKXrjaL'; ti)V rjv, BceBe^aTO, 6i"; dp')(r)V irarpwav ylr7](f)taa/jL"Pa"v. Ta fiev Brj^idvva)V wBe el^^' koI et to) airovBrj

6 vl6"^, a" NiKO/jLyjBr]'^ reXevTTJaavTa (pLXoirdroi

rovBe erepo^ NiKOfi'^Br vlwvo^; irdvra TrpofiaOelv, dTreXnrev. *V(DfiaioL(i Trjv dp^Tjv ev Bt.ad"]KaL"i
II
CAP.
"

BoKel Be fJLOi ^AXe^avBpo"; elre Aapeiov KarrJKovov iOvcoveiri ^op(p KaraXiTO'j? dpyovTa";rcovBercov yap Kal eTreiyofieva eVl Aapeiov. Trelv, cpalverat Ilovrw ttoXlv ^Attlkov yevovs, iirl *A/jiia6v, ev Bt]/xo/"paTLav (u? Trdrpiov TToXireLav avayaa(f)L(TL
250

Be irpo piev^laKeBovwv oiTive^ 8. 'KaTT'TTaBoKia^i ehe IBiav apx^jv, elireLV, e-yw (Ta"po)^ r]pyov, OVK

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

pretended to acquiesce, but the Bithynians said,as chap ^ that they could no k)nger they iiadbeen instructed, of Prusias, afterthey had so openly endure the cruelty complained against him. On the ground, therefore, that these complaints were at Rome not yet known the legates returned, leaving the business unfinished. from the But Prusias, despairing of assistance even Romans (in reliance upon whom he had neglected to for his own defence) retired to Nicoprovide means media in order to strengthen the cityand resist the however, betrayed him invaders. The inhabitants, and opened the gates, and Nicomedes entered with his army. Prusiasfledto the temple of Zeus, where Death of ^"^^^ he was of the emissaries of stabbed by some Nicomedes. In this way Nicomedes succeeded b.c. 149 Prusiasas king of the Bithynians. At his death his Philopator, succeeded Nicomedes, surnamed son, him, the Senate confirming his ancestralauthority. Such was the course of events in Bithynia. To anticipatethe sequel,another Nicomedes, grandson of this one, left the kingdom to the Romans in his

will.

II
8. Who were the rulersof Cappadocia before the chap. Macedoniaiis I am not able to say exactly w4iether to in ancient* or was it had a government of its own subject Darius. But I think that Alexander left the rulers*^"""* whom he found there, on conditionthat they should in a hurry to march pay tribute, because he was against Darius. For he appears even to have restored itsoriginal to Amisus, a cityof Pontus, of Attic origin,
"

251

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Be ou8' iOvoiv tmv "yayv. *l"pcovv/jio"; einy^avaai o\co"i,a\V dva rrjv irapaXiov t^9 Xla/z-^uX/a? koI
KiXiKLa"; irepav oBov iirlrov Aapelov rpairiaOai. Be, 09 eVt AXe^dvBp(p MaKcBovcov Tl"pBLKKa"i Trj"i 'Apiapddrjv IvairTraBoKiaf; 'i^'yovjjievov, rjpX'^v*
^

elre

etre d(f)i"TTd/jLevov rrjv dpxvP

avTov

irepLirocov/jLevof;

MaKeBoaiv, elXe koI eKpijxaae, iiriaTrjae kol tol"; FiV/jL"vr) Be dvaiKapBtavov. Eu/i-eVov? rov edvecTLv peOevTo^iore avrbv ol Ma/ceSoye? eCkovro elvat TVepBiKKo, vtto TToXefMLOv, ^AvTLTrarpof;eVt tw t"}9 AXe^dvBpo) "yevofjLev7]"; eTmpoirevoiVy ^iKavopa yrj"^ KaTnraBoKcou (rarpaTreveiv. e-TTefi^lre 9. MaKeBovwv Be ov ttoXv varepov e? dWrjXov; Aao'Evpta'^ (TraaiaadvTcov, Avriyovo"i fiev ^/o^e MiOpiBaTrjiiB' avra" (Tvvrjv, fieBovra eK^aXcov, dvTjp "y"Vov"i^acrCXeiov WepaiKov. 6 'Ai/rtkol
'
^

"yovo"ievvirvLOv
TO

kol ^/oi/o-to), eBo^eireBiov(TTrelpai

xP^(^^oveKOepicravrarov MidpLBdrijv e? rov YIovTov oixecrOaL, kol 6 /nev avTOV iirl r"Be
6 8' aiiv avXXa^Q)ve^ovXerodiroKrelvai, e^ec^vye liriTevaLv Koi ^pa^diJLev6"^ Kavrn xs^P^ovt?}? e^,

TroXXwv ol TrpoacovToyv iv rfjBe iraBoKia'sy rfj daxpXia, K.a7r7raBoKLa"; M.aK"B6v(ov re kuI avTrj"; Tiovrov iOvcov Karea^Gv, TOiV o/iopcov TcepX rov irapercire fie'ya rrjv dpxvv irpoayaycov TraicrX erepo^ fieO' erepov, eo)? eVt eBcDKev. ol 8' rip-^ov, diro rod irpcorov MiOpiBdrrjv, o? rov "Krov *PQ)/tatoi9 eiToXefjirjaev. rovruu Be rov yevov"; Uovrou ^aauXeh kol re ovT6"; ol K.aTnraBoKia'i

252

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Yet Hieronymus chap. democratic form of government. ^^ into contact with came even says that he never but that he went after Darius those nations at all, by another road, along the sea-coast of Pamphylia donians and Cilicia. But Perdiccas,who ruled the Maceafter Alexander, captured and hanged Ariarathes, the governor of Cappadocia, either because he had revolted or in order to bring that country of under Macedonian rule, and placed Eumenes Cardia over these peoples. Eumenes was afterwards an enemy of Macedonia and put to death, adjudged and Antipater, who succeeded Perdiccasas overseer of the territoryof Alexander, appointed Nicanor satrap of Cappadocia. 9. Not long afterwards dissensions broke out pelled among the Macedonians, and Antigonus, having exfrom Syria, assumed the governLaomedon ment a scion himself,having with him Mithridates, of The first the royal house of Persia. Antigonus had a dream that he had sowed a field with gold, and that Mithridates reaped it and carried the crop off to Pontus. He accordinglyarrestedhim, intending to put him to death, but Mithridates escaped with six docia, himself in a stronghold of Cappahorsemen, fortified him in consequence of the where many joined power, and of the Macedonian embarrassment Cappadocia himself the and of of whole of possessed Euxine. This the the neighbouring countries along great power, which he had built up, he left to his children. They reigned one after another untilthe sixth Mithridates in succession from the founder of the house, and he went to war with the Romans. Since the kings both of Cappadocia and of Pontus time or other that at some were of this line,I judge

ela^'Ts

253

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

SieXelv rrjv dp'^ijv, fcai ol fxev TOV Uovrov Karaa^elv ol he KarrTraBoKia';, 10. ''O ye roL 'F(jOfjiaLOL"; 7rp(0T0"i iv (piXia yevofievo^ Kol vav"; rtm? eVl Kap^V^ovlov; kol avfjbe"j^'ore
fioL BoKovai

piax^av oXtyrjv irapaa-^wv, (Baatkev^ TIovtov, iTTL/cXijacv, ^idpiBdrr]^ 6 6vepyer7-j(; co? dWoTplav iirehpapiev.Koi BiaBi'^eraL Tr)V Js^aiTTraSoKLav kol 'M.LdpLBdrrjf; evirdrwp eVcoc5 i^i6vvao"; vi6";, 'FcofialoL S' KaTTiraavrov eKarrivaL vvjJia rjv. BoKLa";eKeXeuaav re ^ApLO^ap^dvTj, fcara^vyovTi dpa yvrjacwTepw rov McOpi"9 avT0v"^ Koi Bo^avTL to Bdrov 77/909 TTjv l^aiTiraBoKOivdp'^rjv, rj kol tP)"; u,pxn^ "^^^ ^liOpiBdrov iroXKrj';ovari"; /jL"ye6o"i
koX e? v(f)opcofi"VOL
re

Biaipovvre^i d(fjava)" 6 Be TOVTO fiev rjveyKe, NiKo/xyBeL Be rw ^LKOfxrjBov";rod Upovaiov, BL6vvLa"; ")? irarpwa^ viro ^(OKpdrrj ^V(jt)ixai(OV rov /3aat\eveu", aTToBeiy^OevTi iircovvavTOV dBeX(f)OV Nt/co/XT^Sou?, orcp 'y^pyaro'; /cat rrjv BlOvvwv fiov Tjv, jjLerd arpaTLd^ eTrefiyfre' 5' dpxv^ 6 '^wKpdrr]^ e? avrov TTepLeairaaev. rov avrov xpovov Mt0pda"; Ka\ Baycoa"; 'ApLo/Sap^dv^ Karrjypievov e? rr-jvKaTrrovBe rov viro 'Fco/iaiayv *ApiapdOi]v Karr]yayov e? rraBoKiav eK/3aX6vTe";,
irXeova

avr^v. 'PcoyLtatot Be
11.

6/jiov NiKOfi'^Bijv Kal *Api,o/3aprr]v

rovro

^dvrjv eiravriyov
re

e?
e?

riva";

avroU

olKelav eKdrepov, irpea^ei^ M.dvio^ wv

^AkvXio"; rjyelro'Kal e? rr)V KdOoBov ayXXajBelv AevKiw re Kacraio),t/}? Trepl to eireareiXav Uepya/jLov 'Acrta? r]yovp,ev(p, arpanav eyovri

(rvveirefiylrav,

Kal rwBe oXiyrjv,

254

rw

evirdropiM-LOpcBdrrj.dXX 6

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

they divided the government, some ruling one chap. ^^ the other. country and some 10. At any rate a king of Pontus, the Mithridates Mithridates surnamed Euergetes (the who was tiieg ""^^i^g Benefactor), first of them to be a friend of the Roman people, ships and a small force of and who sent some to aid them against the Carthaginians, auxiliaries foreign a invaded Cappadocia as though it Avere Mithridates country. He was succeeded by his son, Mithridates, surnamed Dionysus, and alsoEupator. The Romans b c^ioq-gs ordered him to restore Cappadocia to Ariobarzanes,^ c. 92 who had fled to them and who seemed to have a better title to the government of that country than Mithridates ; or perhaps they distrusted the great empire of Mithridates,and sought covertly to divide it into several parts. Mithridates obeyed the order, but he sent againstNicomedes(the son of Nicomedes, b.c. 90 son of Prusias), whom the Romans had declared king as his ancestral realm, Socrates, of Bithynia, surnamed Nicomedes' brother, Chrestus (the own with an Good), army. Socrates annexed the kingdom of Bithynia. Simultaneously Mithraas and Bagoas drove out this had confirmed as Ariobarzanes, whom the Romans king of Cappadocia, and installedAriarathes in his place. 11. The Romans decided to restore Nicomedes His first and Ariobarzanes at the same time, each to his own the kingdom, and sent thither for this purpose an Romans embassy, of which Manius Aquilius was the chief, in charge of who was and ordered Lucius Cassius, the Asiatic country around Pergamus and had a small army under his command, to co-operatein their sent to Mithridates mission. Similar orders were Eupator himself. But the latter, being angry with

^^^

255

APPIAN'S
CAP,

ROMAN
re

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

'P(o/iaLOt"; iiri^pvjiav KOL evajx^'^ ^'^' avrwv /jL"/M(f"6fJi"V0";, 'EW7]viK'r]"; Seh?]co? Slo, d(j)t]prjfjLevo"i, tt}? ypa(f)r]"; he kol Maz'io? tw XforaL, ov crvveTrparTe' Kdcrcno"; KaaaLov arparw, kol ttoXvv dWov dyeipavref; re VaXarcbv kol ^pvycov,NiKoprjBrj re e? /cartjyayop l^ainrahoKiav. ^iOvviav KaX ^Kpio^ap^dvrjv e? yeLrova"; 6vTa"; MiOpievOv";re dveireiOovdp,(f)(o,
avTYj^ jjiep

KairTraSoKia^ieveKa

McdpiSdrov KaTaTpe')(^eLV koX ^Vwpalwv e? TToXe/jLov ")? avro2"; irokeepeOl^eiv, (TV pcev 6p,oiw"; fjLovcri pLpLa'XTjcrovTwvol Se mkvouv
rrjv
.

Sdrov, TTjv yrjv

rrjv y"LTOvo"; irokepLov roaovSe Kardp^ai, e/cdT"po"; Se rcov iyKecpcivcov yiiOpihdrov hvvapiivheScoTef;'

TTpealSewv, 6
eTnKovpia";

ISiiKop.'^Srj^; TroXXd puev

virep rrjf;

roL"; a-Tparrjyol^ kol BdxreLV fcal en ct)/jLoXoy7]Kci}"; ^(^prifjLara

TOL"i

Trpecr^eaiv

6(p6tXcov
eae^aXev

eiropbevwv 'PcofiaLcov TToWd 8' dX\a irapa tmv 6-)(\ovp.evo";, Behaveia-fievo^ ukcov kol
"9

yrjv /cat eXeTjXdrrjaeveirl "Afiaarpiv, ovre avrov kwXvovto^ ttoXlv ovS"vo"; 6 yap tol ^iL6pihdTr]"^ d7ravT(0VT0";. ovre eroi/jLrjv
ex^^v hvvajXLvopLw^ v7rex"^peL, TroXXd
kol

rrjv

MiOpcSdrou

BiKata

BiBovf;
^

tw iroXe/JCo yevecrdai. eyfcX'^fxara he rov NiKo/ji^Bov"^ 12. Ava^ev^avTO'^ fieraTroXXwv Xa(j)vp(ov, YleXoTrlBav6 MidpcSdrTjf;eTre/jLTrev

e?
ovK

T0U9

'Pco/Jialcov cnparrjyov^; re KaX irpeajBeif; dyvowv fxev avTov^ avrco kol TroXep/r^aeiovra^;
viroKpivo-

Be,KaX irXeiova^ o/jlov kol evirpeirearepa^ dveyevrjcroixevov iroXeixov iropil^wv, alria";rov lBia"i re fiifjLvrjcTKe koI av/j,pa\^ia"; koI "f"iXLa"; ^pvdv6' 6 IleXoTrtSa? o)v avrov 7rarpa"a";. ec^r)
pevo";

yeyovora^;, eV/3oX779 alriovf; rr)? Tv}o-8e

256

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

the Romans on account of their interference in chap. ^^ Cappadocia itself, and having been recentlydespoiled related in my Hellenic of Phrygia by them (as did not co-operate. Nevertheless Cassius history), and Manius, with the army of the former, and a large force collected from the Galatians and Phrygians, restoredNicomedes to Bithynia and Ariobarzanes to time, as Cappadocia, They urged them at the same they were neighbours of Mithridates, to make incursions into his territory and stir up a war, the assistance of the Romans. promising them Both of them hesitated to begin so important a war border, because they feared the power on their own the ambassadors insisted, of Mithridates. When Nicomedes, who had agreed to pay a large sum of for to the generals and ambassadors restoring money him to power, which he still together owed, with interest he on borrowed had sums large which other from the Romans in their suites, and for which they dunning him, reluctantly were made an attack on the territory of Mithridates and plundered it as b.c. 88 far as the city of Amastris, meeting no resistance. For Mithridates, ness, although he had his forcesin readihave he to because good and wanted retreated for war. cause sufficient 12. Nicomedes returned with large booty and He sends an Mithridates sent Pelopidas to the Roman generalsJ^th^e^' and ambassadors. He was not ignorant that they wanted to bring on a war, and that they had incited thisattack upon him, but he dissembled in order to procure more and clearercauses for the coming war ; he reminded them of his own for which reason and friendshipand alliance. '^In return for his father's " this," said Pelopidas, Phrygia and Cappadocia have

257

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

YLairira^OKiav, ti]V fiev del tov rcov yevoju^evyp koI vtto TTpoyovcov avrov ^pvyiav he iinvLKioviirl 7raT/309 dva\r](p6eL(Tav, ^AptaTOVLKfp irapa tov v/xerepov aTpaT')]yov BoOeladv re koX ov-)/ aTpaTrj"yov irapa tov avTov rjacrov icovTj/jiei'Ojv. vvv S'/'e"^'/" TToWcov ')(^pr)/uidTcov liovTOV hiaKXeiovTa TO (TTOfxa TOV Kol 'NiKOfjijjSrj TrepLopaTe, Kal ttjv yrjvfiexpt'^A/idaTpiSo^;eiruoaijv taTe uKpi^oi^, TpexovTU, Kal \eiav ayovTa dcrOevo}^ ovK 7r/30? dpuvvav exo^'^o^; ovhe aveToifJiw"i ev ifjiov TOV ^aaCkeai^, vfjidf; aXX dva}x4vovTO"^ tmv 6y\reL yiyvop^evuiv yeveaQai. lireih^ fjbdpTVpa^ Be iyeveaOe re Kal eiSeTe, irapaKaXel MiOptSdTTj^, o)v vfxlv Kal avixpiaxp'i,^i\ov^dvTa"; vp.d^ "pi\o"; (oiheyap at avvOrjKai Xiyovaiv). Kal avixfj-d^pv^ vtto NcKOfxrjSov^; i) eirtKovpelv 7]fXLV dhiKOVfievoL^; dhiKovvTa.^^ KdiXveiv avTov Be irpea'Niko/jl7]Bov"; 13. 'O fxev TOiavTa elire, "Niko6? dvTiXoylav avTW7rap6vTe"; ySei? e(f)a(Tav' M.l0plBut7i"; ttoWgv jiev eK pLrjBei
^lav

koI a(pr)p7]a6aL

"

"

ScoKpdTfj fXETCLaT
dp)(eiv. Kal

o)Be MiOpiBdT7]"; e? Niko/jd'jBi]^ co 'Fco/jLalot, BlOvvmv ov vfieL";, ecTTija-ac errrpa^ev, ///xa? ioTCVOvK BrjXov o e? ^acriXeveiV Kal /xdWov S* auTfo tw \6y(p KeKeXevrje? L'yLta? yeyovevai. Eu/jcott?;? KOTwv ttj'^ vfiMV Tol";iv 'Aaua ^acnXeixTL

eTTL^ovXevcov (Baa LXsiav eTTrjyev, Kal BiKaiovvTa tov Trpecr^vTepov rja-v^d^ovTa

Ty]V paT id's eTrl

ra firjBe eTTL^aiveLv, iroWd ^eppovrjaov Trepce? vfjid"; ea-iraaev. Kal raSe ixev eaTco t"}? v^peco^; drrei6eLa"^ Buafi"vela"^ avTov Te epya- 7] Kal Kal ")? eVl fxeyav TrapacTKevr] Be oay, Kal Trdcra "toi/jlo"; Br) Kal iyvwcrpievov TToXefiov i]Bi], tov re lBlov

258

THE
been

MITHRJDATIC

WARS

Ot these Cappadocia chap. wrested from him. always belonged to his ancestors and was recovered father, while Phrygia was by his own given a as to him by your own reward for general his victory over Aristonicus ; nevertheless he paid to that same a large sum general for of money it. But now you allow Nicomedes even to close the the country as far mouth of the Euxine, to overrun as Amastris, and to carry off plunder in quantitiesof My king was not weak, he which you are well aware. was not unprepared to defend himself,but he waited in order that you might be eye-witnesses of these transactions. Since you have seen all this,Mithridates,who is your friendand ally, callsupon you as to defend so the treaty friendsand allies(for reads) us against the aggression of Nicomedes, or to restrain the aggressor." Pelopidas had finished speaking the His dispute 13. When ambassadors of Nicomedes, who were there to answer Nicomedes him, said: " Mithridates plotted against Nicomedes long ago and put Socrates on the throne by force and arms, though Socrateswas of a quiet disposition and thought it right that his elder brother should reign. This was the act of Mithridates to Nicomedes, you, Romans, had established on the throne whom of Bithynia a blow that was evidently aimed as In like manner afteryou had much at you as at us. to set foot in forbidden the Asiatic kings even Europe, he seized the greater part of Chersonesus. Let these acts stand as examples of his arrogance, his disobedience towards yourselves. his hostility, Look at his great preparations. He stands in as for a great and predetermined complete readiness, his own war, not merely with army, but also with a
"

259

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

(TTparov
re

dWa

SpaKMV Kol ^KvOoiv, oaa KoX "TViiixd')((j)v Kpfieviov avTw irXyjaLov eOvrj. e? 8e rov
^

KoX en i"yaixiayeyove, koI e? AtyvTTTOv koI ^vpiav rov"^ ^aaiXea^;. irepiTckpi'Kei irpoaeTaipL^oixevo'^ vrj""; re rpiaKocriai, kol elalv avrw Kardc^paKTOL erepa^i irpoaaTrepyd^erai' eVt re Trpwpea'i koI e? 'i"OLVLK'r]v irepiKa\ e? Aiyvinov KV^epvr]Ta"; direp ovk eVt ^LKOfirjSet wov, roauSe 67r"fjL-ylrev. 'Tcofxatoi, m ipydovra, M iOpLBdrr]^;, vfilv, aX)C icf)* ^erai,hvajJLevaivwv /xev i^ ov ^pvytav avrov BeKdaavra rwv kol iravovpyco^; nrpLdfievov, v/xerepwv

rivd arparrfycbv, aTToOeaOai Trpoaerd^are BiKaia"; ov KTrjaew"^ Karayvovre^;, y^cCkeTraivcov Tj)? h eirXK^aTTTraSoKLa, hehopievrj kol ryhe irpo^ vjiwv BeSuoi^ S' *Apio/3ap^dvr), vfid^, koI

av^ofievov"i kol KaO^ r)ixa"^ 7rapacrK"va^6/jievo"; rfj 7rp0(f)dcret B* icrrl v/xiv, "L BvvaiTo, eTTiBecrOai,. crw^povwv
iv
TroXe/jLecv vjilv oixokoyrjaei, dX)C
e? ra

ore firj irepifJieveLV

epya

avrov

fiaWov

rj tov^;

\070y9

d"f)opdv

ovofia eiriifKacTTOv viroKpLVOfievu)tov"; firjBe (fnXia^ dXrjOel^KoX ^e^aiov; rrjv eKBovvai (^iXovs, /irjBe Trepl T7]"; rjixerepa'^ ^aaiXecaf; cr(i)erepav Kpiaiv dvBpo^ vir oaoicof; rjiuv re aKvpoviievriv VTrepiBeiv
Kat

Be avOi^i 6 YleXoiriBa^i 'Vwjiaiwv avvtwv e? to /lev tmv eBpiov irepX irdXai yeyovorwv, el n NikoBiKdcrac'V jJ'7]Br)"; rd e7nfxefJL(f)Oiro, w fiaiov"i t^^lov, Be vvv (ev re yap vfjuoiv yeyove, tt)? 77}? o'yjrei tt}? ^iBpiBdrov B7jovfievr)"; $aXdrr7}"; dirorri"^ koI kol ov Xeia";roarjaBe KeKXeia fxevTjf;
Xoycov
260
"

v/jllv e')(upov. 14. TlSe [lev ol ^iKOfi'^Bov"i fcal eXe^aveireXOoiv

eXavvofievr}";
avOi";

"(f)7j XPV^^^^ovBe Kplcrew^, a\V

THE

MITHUIDATIC

WARS

Thracians, Scythians,and all the chap greatforce of allies, other neighbouring peoples. He has even formed a marriage alliancewith Armenia, and is sending to Egypt and Syria to make friendswith the kings of those countries. He has 300 decked ships of war He has sent to adding to the number. and is still Phoenicia and Egypt forlook-outmen and steersmen. These things,that Mithridates is collecting in such are not, we think, designed against Nicoquantities, medes, Romans, but againstyou. He isangry with you because, when he had bought Phrygia by a corrupt bargain from one of your generals, you ordered him He is angry on to give up his ill-gotten gains. given by you to account of Cappadocia, which was He Ariobarzanes. He fears your increasingpower. is making preparations under pretence that they are to attack you if he intended for us, but he means If you are wise, you will not wait till he can. declareswar against you, but will look at his deeds rather than his words, and not give up true and tried friendsto a hypocrite who offers you the fictitious name ing of friendship,nor allow your decision concernby one kingdom to be annulled our who is equally the foe of both of us." 14. After the ambassadors of Nicomedes had thus Duplicity Pelopidas again addressed the Roman Roman spoken Legates assembly, saying that if Nicomedes was complaining of bygones, he accepted the decision of the Romans, but as to the present matters which had transpired under their eyes, the ravaging of Mithridates' territory,the closing of the sea, and the carrying no need of away of such vast plunder, there was " We discussion or adjudication. call upon you,
261

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
rj KcoXveiv
ra

BOOK

XII
rj

viJLa"^irapaKokovfxev

ycyvofieva

Mi,6pi8dTr} av fjLfiay^elv dBiKovfievo), rj reXevralov, 'Vwfiaioi, o) dvSp""; d/xvvo/JLeuov, KcoXvetv a\X' fj,r)he

dfM(f)OLv eKcnrjvaL rod ttovovJ"roaravra

rov

IleX,"-

eyvcoaro fiev etc ttoWov TTiSou7ra\LWoyr]aavTo"i, TOL"; 'VcdfxaiwvGTpaTr)yo2"^ eiriKOvpeiv NiKo/jLrjBe r/Kpocovro- ra Be Kal e? viroKpiacp t^? avTiXoylaf; 6p.w"iviro tov UeXoTTiSov, Kal rrjv rov elprjfjiiva ivavvOrjKOv ert ovaav, yiiOpihaTOV alSov(piXtav iiriarrjlievoL rjTTopovv diroKpiaew^ iirl iroXv, yu,e;^/3i direKpivavTo. cravTe"; ovre fierd ao(f)La"i c5Se MLdpiSdrrjv dv ri ^ov\oip.eda irda-^eLv d^api ovT" Ni/cojji7]Bof'"; dve^opueOa 7rp6"i Ni,Kop,t]Bov";, crvp.TToXe/iovpivov ov yap rjyovpeda ^Vwp,aioL"; S'elir6vTe"i ravra ^XdirreaOaiNcKoprjBrjJ'^ (f)ep"iv YleXoirlBav, TOV BLeXey)(^eLv /SovXopevov rr}q diroi/c tov crvverrjv dTTopiav,direireaylrav Kpi(Teco"i Bpiov.
"

Ill
CAP.
III

15. MiOpiBdTr)"ifJLev ovv,

co"^

VcopaicovdBiKov/juevo^, ttoXXtj ')(eipl eVe/xTreavp ^AptapdOijv TOV KaTTTraSo/cta?. /SacTLXeveLv vlov 'ApLo/SapKal "v6u"; vpx^^ avTr)"; 6 Apiapd67]"i, ^dvrjv eK^aXdiV.UeXoTrlBa^ Be e? Tov"i 'Fcopaicov d)Be. a pev (TTpaT')jyov"; avOi^i iXOcov eXeyev Trpo? vpcov, d) 'Vwpualoi, ^aatXev^ r)BiKr}pevo"^ M.LOpiBdTT]"i ^pvyiav re Kal KaiTTraBoKLav cipepe, d Be NiKo/j.'^B d(f)T]p7]pevo"; evay^p^, rjKovaare' 6pcovTe"^ avTov re VTrepeiBeTe.^iXiav
'

7rpo"i ep(f)ava)"i rjBr)

"

diairep Kal avppLaxi'Civ rjplv Trpo(f)epov"Tcv,

262

e^XaTTTev,

ovk

THE
Romans,

MITHRIDATIC
"

WARS

said, either to prevent such chap. ^^ outrages, or to assist Mithridates, who istheir victim, or at allevents to stand aside,allow him to defend himself,and not help either party." While Pelopidas was repeating his demand, though it had been determined by the Roman generals long before to help Nicomedes, they made a jiretence of listening to the argument on the other side. Yet the words of Pelopidas and the alliance with Mithridates, in force, put them to shame, and they which was still were to make. time what answer at a loss for some Finally, after a pause, they made this artful reply, " We would not wish that Mithridates sufferharm at the hands of Nicomedes, nor can we allow war to be made against Nicomedes, because we do not think that it would be for the interest of Rome that he should be weakened." Having deliveredthisresponse they dismissed Pelopidas from the assembly, although he wanted to show the insufficiency of their answer.

he again/'

ni

by chap. 15. Mithridates, having been denied justice HI in this public manner, the Romans sent his son Mithridates Ariarathes with a large force to seize the kingdom of seizes Cappadocia. Ariarathes speedilyoverpowered it and Cappadocia drove out Ariobarzanes. Then Pelopidas returned '^ How to the Roman generals and said : patiently King Mithridates bore injury from you when he was deprived of Phrygia and Cappadocia not long ago He sends What you have been told already, O Romans. omba'sTy Nicomedes inflicted upon him you have seen injuries and have not heeded. And when we appealed to your friendship and allianceyou answered as though
"

263

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

iyKaXovcrtv dX)C eyKaXovfievoc^ dTre/cpivacrOe /x?) 'VcojJLaLOiu T0t9 TTpdj/iaai vofii^eLV (TV/ii(f)"p"ip dScKOVfievov. avrov ^XdiTTeaOaL NiKO/njSr] old irep TW aLTLOl KOLVfp 'P(0/jLaLCOV V/JL6L^ OVV TOvSe TOV TreplKaTTTraSoKLav 76701^0x09 8cd yap vfia^, whe ev rat? fieu r)/jLd"; vTrepopo)vTa"; oihe he ao(f)L^ovTa"; 6 MiOpLSdrr]";. kol dTTOKpiaeoiv,ovrw^
"

eirpa^ev

Ka0* v/jLmv e? rrjv vfierepav ^ovXrjv, irpea^evaeraL fjv dTToXoyrjao/iievoi^ eirayyeWet irapelvai, "(f) vjMV

firjh^ e^dp)(^eLv "j)6dveivfxrjhev,

Twv on

Be

dvev

rou

kolvov

'Pw/jLaicovToaovSe iroXefiov, evdvfjuov/xevov^ MtdpLSdT7}"=; ^aaiXeveL 7raTpa,a";dpxv^i, fiev

earl Grahiwv rjScafivplcov

t?}?

TrpoaKeKTr)jurJKO'^, Ko\;^ou?, Se rai ttoXXcl Trept'^w/oa, eOvo"i Kal IIovtov dpeLfxave^i, rov re 'EXXrjvcov tou? eVl 6vTa"i virep rov"i KaT(pKLa-/jL"Vov";, Kal ^ap/3dp(ov

to

B^ ^Kv6aL"^ T" ')(^p7)Tai

avrov"^.

Kal Tavpot"i Kal Baa-Tepvai"; Kal Spa^l Kal ^ap/iaTat^Kal irdcrc toI"; dfjxhl cti Tdvatp re Kal "laTpov Kal Tr)V Xl/jlvtjv ttjv 5'o ^ApfjL"VL0"; TLypdvT}"; avTu" M.atct)TiBa. Kr]Be(TTrj" 'ApadKr)"i 6 UapOvato^ vewv "(TTL, Kal "f"i,Xo";. re irXrjOo^^X^^"'^^f^^^ "Toi/j.ov to Be ytypofievov "Ti, Kal 7rapaaK"vr)v e? TrdvTa d^LoXoyov. S' v/xlv evayx^oq ol BlOvvol 16. OvK iyfrevcravTO ev AlyuTrTO) ou? tcov Kal Xvpla [SaaiXewv Kal irepl eaTLv ov 't^juv, el TroXe/io^; yevoLTO, jjLovov "lk6"; dXXd v/jllv Kal ttjv veoKTijTOV irpoarOrjaeaOaLy Aaiav Kal 'KXXdBa Kal Ai^urjv Kal ttoXXcl Kal

e? Trap (f)iXoi";

to

KeXevofievov

eTOL/j,OL"i

avTrj"i
ov ovTTOi

'IraXta?,

oa-a

rrjv v/xeTepav

TToXe/xel vvv "l)epovTa

264

dairetcTTOv. iirix^ipelTe MiOptBiaOeaOac Bvvy]devTe"i

v/jllv iroXe/jLov

TrXeove^lap

ov

THE
we

MITHRIDATIC
the
accusers

WARS

were

not

that you did not harm should come

but the accused, sa\ inff chap. III consider it to your interest that to Nicomedes, as though he were
*^

You therefore are accountable to one. the injured the Roman republic for what has taken place in he has Cappadocia. Mithridates has done what done because you disdained us and answered us with quibbles. He intends to send an embassy to your Senate to complain of you. He summons you to

defend yourselves there in person^ and before that to do nothing, and not to begin a war of such Rome decree itself. You of magnitude without the should bear in mind that Mithridates is ruling his ancestral domain, which is 20,000 stades long, and that he has acquired many neighbouring nations, the ing Colchians, a very warlike people, the Greeks borderon the Euxine, and the barbarian tribes beyond He has allies also ready to obey his every them command, Scythians, Taurians, Bastarnae, Thracians, Sarmatians, and all those who dw^ellin the region of the Don and Danube and the sea of Azof. Tigranes of Armenia is his son-in-law and Arsaces of Parthia in his ally. He has a large number of ships, some material of readiness and others building, and war in abundance. allkinds " The Bithynians were 16. not wrong in what they told you lately about the kings of Egypt and Syria. breaks Not only are these likely to help us if war out, but also your newly acquired provinces of Asia, and Greece, and Africa,and a considerable part of Italy now itself, against wages implacable war which even because it cannot endure your greed. And alvou though to bring war an to that are not yet able end, you

265

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Bdrr), lSiLK0fi7]Sr}v avTM kol iirLireiJLiTOVTe^' kol fjLepo";

OVV, 7ro\e/jLL(p. (f)"p6T"
KOI

*Apio/3ap^dvr)v Trapa ixev elvat cj)iXot, kuI cjiare

Be '^^prjaOe
Ti

a-vfji/iaxoi, fcal viroKpiveadeovrco,

VVV,

co?

66

TTpo^

T(tiV

e? jierdvoiav rfpediaOe,rj N^Aroyu-^S 'ye"yov6r(ov tou? KcoXvaare (koI vjieTepov^ dBiKelv^i\ov"; rdSe

v/jLLVVTrexo^ac avpL/jbaxv^^eiv eVi.tou9 TTpd^aaiv 'IraXoi'? ^aaCKea yiidpiBaTriv), r) rrjv BoKovaav 'Tcofji7]v Kpicnv Xvaare, 69 "7yLta9 eirX rj e? (pLkiav

iwixevr
'O fiev Br]XleXoTTt^a? wSe
repov
Kia"i
avTov

cKeXevov

dirkyeaOai Nifco/jL/]Bou"; koI KaTTTraBoavrrjv

ol Be "f)opTiKc eXe^ev, MtOpLBdrrjv puev el-ne2v'i)'yovfievoL,

e? (avTol yap av0i"; ^Apio^ap^dvrfv UeXoirlBav S* "vOv"; i^ievai rov KaTd^ecv),

crpa-

e? avrovi, TOireBov,Kol pLy/ceTi Trpea^eveiv el jLur] 6 ^a"ji\ev"; roL^ /ce\evo/jL6voL"i ovrco pev epup^evoL. dire/cpLvavro,kol dirLovTi "pu\aK7]v o-vveTrefxy^ Xva p^r)TLva^ rrapoBevcov. eiriTpiy^eie Be etVoi^Te?, dvap.eii"avre"; 17. Tavra ovk irep\ Brjpiov eTrirocrovBe iroXepbov rrjv /SovXrjv rj top yvcopiova yevecrdai, arpuTcav ")]y6ipove/c re Bt^i/Ka'7r'7raBoKLa"i Pia"=; KOL ical koI Ila(j)\ayovia"^ Vakaroiv rcov ev ^Aata. 6 Be re w? avrol^ cBto"; 'Acrta? AevKio"; Kao-crto? ocrov o arparo^, elx^

rrj^j

avp.p.a')(^tKa /cal r^Br}, BLeXop^evoc iarpato ttXtjOo'^ rrdvra avi'eXrjXvOeL, Kacrcrio? piev ev pueacp I^lOvi laq re /cal ronreBevov, VaXaria"i, Maz^io? Be fj Bia/Sarbv ijv "9 BiOvvLav rw yiiOpiBdry, "Oirmo'^ Be erepo"^ ewl

rjyovpLevo^i, eroipLO"^ r)V

ra

rS)v opwv avrcdv Kal

266

rcov

arparrjyb^ iir7rea"; KaTTTraBoKLcit;, e/caaro^i 6;^")i^

tou9 dp.cf)l 7re^ov"i

rerpaKLCTfivpuovf;.

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

you attack Mithridates and set Nicomedes and Ario- chap barzanes on him by turns, and you say,forsooth, that you are his friendsand allies. You pretend to be so, Come now, ifat and yet you treat him as an enemy. lastthe consequences of your acts have put you in a better frame of mind, either restrain Nicomedes from which case I promise that your friends (in injuring King Mithridates shall help you to put down the or ship throw off the mask of friendrebellion in Italy), for us, or let us go to Rome and settlethe

dispute there." So spake Pelopidas. The Romans considered his speech insolent and ordered Mithridates to let Nicomedes and Cappadocia alone (saying that they intended to restore Ariobarzanes to the latter). They also ordered Pelopidas to leave their camp immediately, and not to return unless the king Having given this answer obeyed their commands. they sent him away under guard lest he should

inveiglesome persons on the road. 17. After they had finished speaking they did not First wait to hear what the Senate and people of Rome {J^'^^^ would decide about such a great war, but began to forces from Bithynia,Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, collect Lucius as and the Galatians of Asia. As soon Cassius,the Governor of Asia, had his own army in readiness and all the alliedforces were assembled, field in divisions, C assius on three they took the the boundary of Bithynia and Galatia, Manius on Mithridates'line of march to Bithynia,and Oppius, docia. the third general, among the mountains of CappaEach of these had about 40,000 men, horse
267

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Yjv he

ar6\o"? avTol"^, ov irepl Bv^dvTiov YioirikLO'^ MivovKio^ re 'Vov(f)0"; koI TdLO"^ rjyovvro, iraprjv he rb (TTo/jLa Tov YLovtov
KCLi veoyv

erepcov irevraKia-avTol^ Kol NiKO/jii]Br]";, ap')((Dv Tocroa/caiiinrewv fivpiwv ire^Mv e^a/CLcr^LkLoyv. he jJbevavrol"^ d6p6(o"^ MiOpLarparof; dy^yepTO' hdrrjhe to jiev OLKelov rjv ^vpidhe"^ irevre Tre^cov KOL tTTTTei? Kol eLKOGi TeTpa/CLa/jivpioL, fcal vr)e"^ huKpora he CKarov, rpLaKocnaL, Kal Kard(f)paKTOL rovrcov Xoyov, Kara rj aXkTj TrapacTKevr} arparr)dXX7]\(ov yol he NeoTTToX-e/xo?re fcal 'Ayo;^eA-ao?, avTO"^ dhe\"j)(o, Kal rol^ TT\ti(TTOL"=; irapeyiyvero. \\pKaOLa"; he fiev, avrov av\xua-)(jKa -qyov avrS 'Ap/ievLa'; MiOpihdrov Trat?, e/c Tf]";/3paxvTepa"i ev tTTTrea?, Koi AopvXao^ IJLvpiov^ (pdXayyi KpaTepo"i 3' eKarov kol rajTOfJievov^y rpidKovra dp/jiaTa. Tocravrrj [lev vjv eKUTepoL^; t] irapaaKevt],
. .

"^vXdcraovTe^.

ore

TTpMTOv

^l($pLhdT7j"=i, eKarov ra? d/ji(f)l Kal e^hoixrjKOvra 6XvfnrLdha"=;. T/36t9 18. 'Ei^ he Trehiw irXarel irapd rov A/iveiov dXXrjXov"i 6 re NiKO/ji-"]hr] TTorafiov KarLh6vre"^ ^liOpihdrov arparrjyol iraperarrov Kal 01 rov ^LKO[JLrihY]"; "9 eavrov, rov"^ fiev d'7ravra"i iJid-)(r]Vy NeoTTToXe/i-o? he Kal 'Ap;^e\ao? rov^
fiovov;,

'^wixaloire e? fjeaav aXXriXov^

kol

el^ev Kal Kai dpiJidrwv' TLva ere rwv r) yap "pdXay^ irpocrrjeL. rov e? he nva irpoXayi]Xo(^ov rrehiovTrerpoohrj ipa ^6vre"^ dveTre/jLyjrap oXiyov;, KVKXcoOelev //,") HiOvpmp ttoXv irXeiovwv ovrwv. viro rwv o)? he heiaa^ "k rov eihov avrov^ "^(o0ovjj,evov"i yriXocjiOv, 6 NeoTTToXe/io? irepl KVKXcoaeL

ov^

^ApKaOia";

ev^(ovov"

LTTTrea^

rfj

irpoae^orjOei

268

THE and

MITHRIDATIC
They

WARS

had also a fleet under chap lUifus and Gains Popilius at of Minucius command Byzantium, guarding the mouth of the Euxine. Nicomedes too was present with another 50,000 foot Such was the and 6000 horse under his command. total strength of the forces brought together. Mitharmy 250,000 foot and 40,000 ridateshad in his own
banks of oars each, and other equipment in proportion. He had for generals Neoptolemus and Archelaus, two brothers, and the king took charge of the greater in person. Of the allied forces Arcathias, number horse, 300 ships with decks, 100 with two

foot together.

the

nia of Mithridates, led 10,000 horse from ArmeMinor, and Dorylaus commanded the phalanx. Craterus had charge of 130 war chariots. So great the were the preparations on either side when in first came Mithridates Romans and conflictwith each other, about the 173d Olympiad. dates Nicomedes and the generals of Mithri18. When
son

b.c5.88

in sight of each other in a wide plain bordered by the river Amnias they drew up their had his entire army forces for battle. Nicomedes and Archelaus had only with him ; Neoptolemus their light infantry and the cavalry of Arcathias and
came

few chariots ; for the phalanx had not yet come up. hill force to They sent forward a small seize a rocky in the plain lest they should be surrounded by the But more numerous. Bithynians, who were much driven from the hill these men they saw when Neoptolemus, in fear of being surrounded, advanced time with haste to their assistance, at the same Nicomedes When calling on Arcathias for help. he sought to meet it by a perceived the movement
a

269

APPIAN'S
^m'

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

rod NLKOfjLr]8ov(; ol MiOpLBdreioi, ew? o ecfievyov 'Ap^^eXao? ive/SdXev rod Be^iov

"9 TOL/9

^ApKaOlav. top afjua kol S* 6po)v avrLirapyei' Koi yi'^veraL NtK0/ii]B7j"; Be /Siaaajuevou 7ro\v"; ivravda a'^iov Kal (j)ovo";.
Kokwv f^^'J'Ci (TTrovBP]';,

a'lrb hi(iiKOVTa^.01 8' 69

/xereXdcov

avTov

6 5' vTre'xwpet,/car oXtyov, 'iv eyoiev gk T779 ")9 Be eiraveKdeiv ol irepl^eoiTTokepov. (f)vyr]"; ^X^^^' eiKaacv avTapKw^ koX to?9 eirecnpei^e, ^l6vvoI"; to, Bpe7ravr](f)6pa app^ara epirlirrovTa Bie/coTrre Bcere/ipe tol'9 pev d0p6(o"; fiera pvpLrjf; Kal Bvo TOL'9 S' "9 P'^pv"TToWd. TO Te yiyvopevov 69 '^iKopyBovf;, ore Tov TTjv aTpaTLCLv "^e7r\7]TT6 dvBpa"; en XBoievr)p,i,T6pov"; epirvov^, rj "9 ttoWcl Bieppipp,evov"i, Bpeirdvayvd7rrjpTr]pevov";. rj tmv drjBlaT" paXXov rj pdxv^ rjcrar) rrjv rd^iv 0'\/re")9 vTTo (po^ovavve')(eav. rapa-xOelcn 5' avrol"; 6 Be pL6v 'Ap;^e\ao9 ifc rod perc^Trov,NeoTrroXepa dva"JTp"(povre"; Kol ApKa6ia"; e'/c rrj"^ (pvyr]"; eVe8' KELVTO OTriadev. ol eVl ttoXv pev rjpvvovro, 69 ^e to 0)9 eKarepov^ irXelaTOv
'

e7reaTpd(^r]aa

eTreTTTcoKei,

eirLaTpe^opevor NiKOpujBrjf^ pev e4"evye fjLerd royv Tla(l)Xayoi'Lav, vTroXoLTTCov i"s oi'S' eV %6t/3a9 eXOovarj"; tto) Tr59yiiOpiBaTelov cfydXayyo'?, edXco 8'
TO

iroXXd ovTa y^apdKcopa kol rd y^pi'jpiaTa Kal 7rXrjOo"; alxpaXctiTcou. ov^ irdvTa^;6 MtOpiBdT7)"; Bov"; t" Kal e(j)6Bia "f)LXavdpu"7r"vadpev6"; direXvaev 6*9 tcl oiKela dTrievac,Bo^av epTroiwv
T0t9

avTOV

TToXepioL^ (fnXai'dpco'irLa';. 19. "F-pyov By ToBe Trpwrov tov Mt,$piBaT"Lov 'Vwpaiwv KaTeTToXepov Kal ol cTTpaTijyoltmv

TreirXrjyeaav,

w9

ovk

ev^ovXiapuaXXov rjrrrpoTre-

270

THE
similarone.

MlTHlllDATIC

WARS

Thereupon a severe and bloody strugglechap. ^'^ Nicomedes prevailed, and Mithridates' ensued. troops fled until Archelaus, coming across from the compelled right flank,fell upon the pursuers, who were him. He to turn their attention to yielded in order that the forcesof Neoptolemus little by little that might have a chance to rally. When he judged he advanced again. At TheRomana they had done so sufficiently driven Sated were the same time the scythe-bearingchariots of at great speed against the Bithynians, cutting some them in two instantaneously, and tearing others to at seeing pieces. The army of Nicomedes was terrified breathing, or men cut in halves and still mangled in fragments, or hanging on the scythes. Overcome rather by the hideousness of the spectacle than by fear disordered lossof the fight, their ranks. While thus thrown into confusion Archelaus they were and attacked them in front, and Neoptolemus Arcathias, who had turned about, assailedthem in the rear. They fought a long time facing both ways. had fallen, But after the greater part of his men Nicomedes fledwith the remainder into Paphlagonia, although the phalanx of Mithridates had not come into the engagement at all. His camp was captured, a together with his money, of whicJi there was considerableamount, and many prisoners. All these Mithridates treated kindly and sent to their homes thus gaining a with supplies for the journey, reputationfor clemency among his enemies. 19. This first engagement of the Mithridatic war Retreat of *^" Roman alarmed even the Roman generals,because they had kindled so great a strife without good precipitately,
271

APPJAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
tov kolvov,

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Tco?,

avev T"

roaovhe TroXe/xov

a'^av^e^.
Koi

oXbyoL

yap

ttoXv

TrXetovcov eKeKparrjKeaav,

ovBefita(TVVTV^La ^(wpKDv i)iroXeixiov acpaXfjiaro dvSpeva arparov. kol arparyjjMv aXX' aperfj MavLfp TrapecrrpaTOireBeve, 'NLK0/jLt]8i]"; fJLev ovv S' iirl to ^Kopo^av opo^ dvyei, o MidpLBdrt'j"; TeX.09 iarl ^lOvvcov koX tyj^ HovTtKi]"i ;^a"pa?. lir7rei"^ Xavpo/iarcov eKarov re avrov, irpohpofjiol Ni/co/xj/Sou? iTTTreva-i tov evTV')(ovT6"^ oKTaKoaloi^i
aipovai

Tivd^i'ou? itoXlv 6 yitOpihcLTrj^avv ixeOrjKeve? Td"^ TraTplSa^; e(^ohLOL"^ ^eoiTTokeixo^ ^dvLOV S' uTrtevaL. viro^evyovTa 6 ^ApfxevLO^ dfi^l to TE irpcoTov Kol Nefjidvrji; YidxLOV ^(opiov eySSoyU,?^? Mpa"i KaTaXa/36vT"";, oly(oKdcraiov NtKO/ir]8ov^, fievov irpo^ rjvdyKacrav e? e^ovTa TCTpaKLaxi'Xlov^ koX 7re^ov" fidxv^ iT^Tria^ B6Ka7rXa(TLova";. 5' auTOv KTeii"avT6"; TOVTcov "Tt
Kol
TovTcov

e? rrepl fivpiov^,i^ayyprjaav 6 M.LdpL8dT7]"; 6/jL0La)"; e? avTOV

TpiaKoaiov;'

ov";

Xvae,

tov"; /caTaBrj/ioKOTTcbv B' iX7]^6r] KOL koi TO avTo"; (TTpaTOTreBoVy (pevycov Sayydpiov iroTafiov vvkto^ irrl TOV yevofievrj^ iirepaae re koI e? Yiepyapbov icrcoOr],Kda-aio"; Be dXXot 'Pcofialcov Koi Ni,KopLy]B7)";, Kal oaoL TrpiaAeovTCOV o e? Ke^aXrjv, ttj^ ^pv/Sei?Traprjaav, 7ta9 iaTLv o^^pdiTaTov ')^copLov, /xeTeaTpaTOTreBevov Kal TO 7rX?";^o? ocrop ov el'X^ov, irdXat IBccordiV, avvetXeyfiivov,;^eipoT6%i^coz/ rjyecopywv r) ^pvya"^ iyvpva^ov, avTol"i irpoaKaTeKal tou? Be eKaTepwv direyvwaav iroXeXeyov. oKvovvTcop dvBpdaiv aTroXepLOL^i,Kal BiaXvaavTe"^avTov"; fjielv dve')(d"povv, K.dcraio"; tw fiev "9 Airdpieiav avv
^

dva-)(OevTa"; direM.avLov TroXepiiov^;.

272

THE
and judgment,

MITHRIDATIC

WARS
chap.

A small without any public decree. larger one, a much of soldiers had overcome number through any not by having a better position, or blunder of the enemy, but by good generalship and now the bravery of the rank and file. Nicomedes Mithridates ascended encamped alongside of Manius. Mount Scoroba, which lieson the boundary between

Bithynia and Pontus. A hundred Sarmatian horse of his advance-guard came upon 800 of the Nicomedean of them prisoners. Mithridates cavalry and took some dismissed these also to their homes and furnished

them with supplies. Neoptolemus, and Nemanes his retreat at the Armenian, overtook Manius on the stronghold ot Protopachium about the seventh Cassius, having gone away to join hour, Nicomedes fight. He had 4000 horse and compelled him to of foot. They killed and ten times that number 10,000 of his men and took about 300 prisoners. brought to Mithridates he released When they were thus making himself popular them in like manner, The camp of Manius was also his enemies. among
captured, and he himself fled to the river Sangarius, crossed ib'bynight, and escaped to Pergamus. Cassius and Nicomedes and all the Roman ambassadors who were with the army decamped to a place called the Lion's Head, a very powerful stronghold in Phrygia, their newly collectedmob where they began to drill of artisans, rustics,and other raw recruits, and made levies among the Phrygians. Finding both alike new inefficient they abandoned the idea of fighting with dismissed them and retreated ; such unwarlike men, Cassius with his own army to Apamea, Nicomedes to

273

APPIAN'S
CAP.
eavTov

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Be e? Tl.6pya/jiov,^ldvLO" l^iKOfi7]87]"; to Se eVl 'PoSov. Mv, oaoi (Trofia rod Uovrov SieXvdTjaav, koI Td"; re k\"l"; Karetxov, TrvOo/JLevot, ilovTOU, Tov Kol vav"i oaa"; el^ov,tw MiOpiSaTyj
arparw,

TrapeSocrav. 6\r]vtov 20. 'O Se fiia Tr]v dp-^rjv opfifj rfjhe kol N/":o/x./;SoL'9 iirfjet, KaOiararo ra? vTToXa^cov Be kov e? "t"pvyLav, e? to tov TToXef?. ifi^aXoiV
aiaiovfjL"vo"; ^AXe^dvBpov TravBoKelov KaTekvcrev, dverravaaTO, Koi ^liOpiapa, evdairep^AXe^avBpo^;

6 BaTTjv (TTad/JLevaai.
Xotira
KTTjTa
KOL

fxev

By

kol

Mvcriav

kol
KOL

'Acta/',a

to, "t"pvyLa"; 'Pay/xaLOi^; veo-

AaoBiKevai Be en dvTeyovai, TOL"i fi^XP^'Ift)i^ta?. AvKOV yap TL"i Trora/iov (^Vwjxaiwv irepl TOV e^wz^ Kal (TTpaTrjyo"; K6lvto";"Otttt^o?, tTTTrea? e? tt]v itoXlv eaBpajiwv TLvd";, e(j)vfiia6oj}6pov"i ra XaTTev eirl xrjpvKa eViTreffv/ra? Tel^V avTYjv),
Xeyeiv
e/ceXevcrev
otl vweMidpiBdTr]"; ^acri\ev"^

e"i TairepiOiKa irepLTrefnrwv "^VfiTrerpe^/e, koI tcl Y\.afJL"^v\iav vTrrjydyeTO Av/clav re kol

"Ottttiov avrw X^'^^^ AaoBiicevaLV dBeiav, el tov irpoaaydyoiev. ol S' eirltw KyipvyfiaTi tov"; /xei" ^Ottttlov aTnivai, /jLia6o(f)6pov"; fieOriKavaTraOei*; ^Ottttiov, 8' rov tw ^iLOpiBdrrj avTOV riyayov
rjyov/ievcov
KOL avTov
avTM to)v

6 ML6pt,BdT7]"; ovBev BiaOeU errt^yer apa 'Vcofiaiwv iravTaxov XeXv/mevov, eTnBeiKvvfJSVO^ alxf^dXo)TOVaTpaTTjyov. Mdvcov *AkvXiov, 21. Mer' ov ttoXv Be kol
TOV

eiri pa^Bo(f)opcov

yeXcon.

koI TovBe tov iroXerrjcrBer^? 7rpea^eia"i fxov /jLaXLCTTa alriov, eXcov BeBe/xevoveirl ovov Mai/^o? tol"; opcoacv otl KtjpvaaovTa

TrepirjycTo,
274

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

PergamuSj and Maiiius toward Rhodes. When those chap guarding the mouth of the Euxine learned who were these facts they also scattered and delivered the straits and all the ships they had to Mithridates. 20. Having thus subverted the whole dominion of Nicomedes at one blow, Mithridates took possession of it and put the cities in order. Then he invaded Phrygia and lodged at an inn which had been occupied by Alexander the Great,thinking it a happy omen that, where Alexander had once stopped, there Mithridates He overran too should pitch his camp. the rest of Phrygia, together with Mysia and those parts of Asia which had been lately acquired by the Romans. Then he sent his officers to the provinces and subadjoining jugated Lycia, Pamphylia, and the country adjoining Ionia. To the Laodiceans on the river Roman as far as Lycus, who were still the Roman general, fapture resisting (for Oppius, had got through with his cavalryand Quintus
and was defending it), he made this proclamation by herald before the walls, " King Mithridates promises that the Laodiceans if they will deliver Oppius to shallsufferno injury him." Upon this announcement they dismissed the mercenaries unharmed, but led Oppius himself to Mithridates with his lictors marching in front of him by way of ridicule. Mithridates did him no harm, but took him around with him unbound exhibitinga Roman general as his prisoner. 21. Not long afterward he captured Manius Aquilius,the prime instigator of this embassy and this Mithridates led him around, bound on an ass, war. and proclaiming himself as Manius to all who saw
certain mercenaries to the town

275

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^^^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

iv eti;, /-te^/ot

Uepyd/JLO) rov cFrofJuaro^s avrov 'VwfiaioL^ y^pvaiov,SwpoSo/clavapa /taTeY"wi^"u"r6 Be roL"i edvecriv imarr]o-aTpdira^ oveiSi^cov. Mayvrjaiav ku* "Ecpeaov cra";, e? koI MiTv\r]vr]v Beyo/jbivcov, aTravroyv acr/iez/o)? avrov TraprjkOev, 'Poyfiaiwy eUova^ Ta? Be koI ra^ 'E(f"eaLcov o5 BiKr/veBocrav KaOaipovvrtov, "(/)' irapa cr"^i"Tv 'Iwi^ta? OX) eTcavidivBe ex Tr}? TToXv varepov. kol XrparovLKetav elXe koI i^rjfxicoae %p"i/Aao-i, e? Tr]v TTokiv ea-qyayev. irapOevov re (f)povpav kol IBcov dveBe^aro' "vfiop"pov e? Ta? yvvacKa^ KOL TO Tft) "L OVOfJLa TTvOeaOuL, ^OVLflT] CTTTOvB-q ^iXoTTOL/jievo^ Ua"l)\ayoat rjv. M^dyv^ac Be kol Bia Twv (TTpairiySyv KoX AvKLOL"; "TL avTexovci
eTToXefiet.

IV
CAP.
^^

22. Kai

rov rdBe fiev rjv d}ij)\

'Fco/iiacoL S*
69

eir ^Aa-lavia^oXrj^; arpaTeveiv eirvOovro, avTOV Kalirep daxoXovpLevoi crrdeyln](f)L(ravT0y aeaiv TroXejxrp iroKeu icalolfceLO) arpvroi^ iv rfj a^^Bov dird'^aXeirw, rrj^'IraXia^ d"^LaTafJievri^ Be roiv vTraTCOV, dva fiepof;. KXrjpov/jiii'cov (Tr]"i 'Acta? SuXXa? dpxetv rrj^i eXa%" fjbh KopvrfXio^ MiOpLBdrr), xPVf^^'^^ ^' o^'^ tw KOL

7rp(OT7]^ avTov ef ov tt}?

MiOpiBdTrjv 6p/jLr]"; re kol

rr)v

irdXe/ieLv

TrpaOfjvat eaeveyKelv, e^ii(^L(TavTO e^oi^TG? avTU) Oecov dvaia"; XlojU-TrtXto? e? ^ov/jLa"; /3aatXev"i oaa
BiereraKTO. roay'jBe fiev rjv rore Trdvrcovairopia Kol e? irdvTa (biXoTi/jiia. Kai Tt,va avrcov e^Oaae
276

THE him.

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Finally, at Pergamus, Mithridates poured chap ^" his throat, thus rebuking the molten gold down for their bribe-taking. Romans After appointing the various nations he proceeded to satraps over Magnesia, Ephesus, and Mitylene, all of which received him gladly. The Ephesians even overthrew the Roman statues which had been erected in their cities for which they paid the penalty not long afterward. On his return from Ionia Mithridates imposed a fine on it,and took the city of Stratonicea, placed a garrison in it. Seeing a pretty girl there he added her to his list of wives. Her name, if Monima, it, was the wishes to know anybody daughter of Philopoemen. Against those Magnesians, Paphlagonians, and Lycians who stillopposed him he directed his generals to make war.
"

IV
the state of affairs with Mithridates. chap As soon his outbreak and invasion of Asia were as known they declared war at Rome against him, occupied with endless dissensions although they were 22. Such
was

formidable internal war, almost all after another. parts of Italy having seceded one When the consuls cast lots,the government of Asia and the Mithridatic war fell to Cornelius Sulla. As
in the city and
a

they had

no

money

to defray his expenses they voted

Pompilius had to sellthe treasures that King Numa set apart for sacrificesto the gods ; so limited were their means at that time, and so unlimited their A part of these treasures, sold hastily, ambition. 277

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

^ kol crvveveyKetv ^pvalov XtVpa? iva/ciairpadrivai e? a9 fji6va"; iroXefxov ehoaav. ")(^iXLa";, TtfKtKOvrov %vWav fiev ovv e? ttoXv at arda-eL^i Kareaxov, 8' 6 CO? iv ro2"^ avyyeypaTrrai,' iv tovtw e/x^uXtot? M-iOpihaTT]^eiri re 'Po8tou9 vav"i irXeiova^ avv-

iroXewv (Tarpd7rai"^diraai kol dpxovcTLBl diroppriTOdv TpuaKoar-qv rj/jLepav 6ypa(f)", o/jlov 7rdvTa"; iTrtOeaOat TOL"i irapd (pvXd^avra^; 'Pcoyu-atoi? re koI koX 'IraXot?, avTOL"i a^iai oaoL avTcov kol vaial koi direX-evOepoL^ yvvai^Xv diropyevov"; ^ItoKikov, KTeivavrd";re "7rj]"ypvT0, Koi

aTa^of?

plyfrai,, rd

kol

ovra

avTol"^ /nepicraaOaL 7rpo";

he kol /SaaiXea MiOpcSdrriv. eireKrjpv^e

^Tj/xlai

rjeTrcKpvTTrovcn, Kat ToU KaTaOdirrovdiv avTov"^ dvaiTOL"; ekey^ovaiv rj roi/? KpvTTTO/jLevov^i jjbtjvvTpa povai, Oepd'novGi /xev eVl ^ecTTOTa? eXevOepiav, rov p^/)eou9. %/o?;VTat93' eVt haveiard^ ijfiiav eVerdBe fxev Brj Bi aTTOppTjToyp 6 MLdpiBdrr]^; i7re\dovar]"i diraaiv o/nov, koI rfj"; r)fjLepa"; (TTeWev IBeau TroLKiXai Kara rrjv Kaiav rjaav,
'

crvfx^opMv
oiv evLa

ToidBe rjv. 23. 'E^ecrtoi toi)?

"KT"ivov.

e?

to

Apre/jticriov Kara-

T0t9 (TV/jL7rXeKop,"vov"; "l"vy6vTa'^,

Kovre^

dydXfiaaiv, i^iXto

Hepyapyjvol roi)?e?
^

^ActkXt]-

ovk iro^evov d(f)LaTafx6vov";, TTLelov (Tvp,(f)vy6vTa(;,

TOt"?

^odvoL"i av/ji7rX"/co/jL6POV";. ABpa/jLVTjrjvol

e? iajBaivovTe^;

Tou?

eKveovTa'^

Tr]V

OdXaaaav
J^avvioL
iroXe/xo)

dvr'ipovv, KareTTOvrovv. Kol rd ^pe(f)r] 'PoBiot"; uTTOTeXet? ^Aptloxov ra"

eVt

^ oz.

Here probably equivalent to the Roman

12 libra (nearly

avoirdupois).

278

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

brouglit 9000 pounds' weight of gold,and this was chap. alltlieyhad to spend on so great a war. wars, Sullawas detained a long time by the civil In the Mithridates historyof the same. as I have stated in my meantime Mithridates built a large number of ships massacre for an attack on Rhodes, and wrote secretly to all his ?^Ronians day satraps and city governors that on the thirtieth thereafter they should set upon all Romans and Italiansin their towns, and upon their wives and children and their freedmen of Italian birth, kill them and throw their bodies out unburied, and share theirgoods with King Mithridates. He threatened to punish any who should bury the dead or conceal the living, and proclaimed rewards to informers and to those who should kill persons in hiding. Tc slaves, who killedor betrayed their masters he offered freedom, to debtors, who did the same to their the remission of half of their debt. These creditors, secret orders Mithridates sent to all the citiesat the disasters same time. When the appointed day came of the most varied kinds occurj-edthroughout Asia, among which were the following: 23. The Ephesians tore away the fugitives, who Frightful had taken refuge in the temple of Artemis, and were EphesuV other clasping the images of the goddess, and slew them. "?"? The Pergameans shot with arrows those who had fled to the temple of Aesculapius, while they were still his The Adramyttium to statues. clinging people of followed into the sea those who sought to escape by themand drowned theirchildren. swimming,and killed to Rhodes The Caunii,who had been made subject afterthe war againstAntiochus and had been lately

279

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

ov irpc Kal vtto 'Pcofiaicop "-/ev6iJLevoi, a(f)eOevT""i ^Irakov"i e? rrjv ^ovXalav'Eiarlav TOi'9 TToWov, airo "\K0VT6"i t?}? 'Efrr/a?,ra Ka7a(f)V'y6vTa"i iv rwv ^pecbr] /JLTjrepcov, irpcora "KT"lvov o-y^ei acfyiov TpaXBe kol tou? avTa"; avhpa"^ eV eKeivoL"^. \iavol 8' avOevraL rov KaKOv "yeve(pvXa^dfievoi dypiov dvSpa, "? to Se6(f)LXop, adai, Ua(pXay6va 6 ^e6"^iXo"^ a-vvkol aurou? epyov ifjbL"j6(ii(TavT0, veoiv rjirrero rov rrj"^ 6ixovoia"i ayayoiv eiri rov

Kol "j"6vov,
Ta";

Tivwv

TOL";

ayaXfiaai
roiavraL'^

(rv/jLTrXeKo/JLevcov
fiev rv^ai^;
oi

aTreKOTrrev. 'X,"ipa^

irepX

'VwpialoL ^Aaiav oVre? 'IraXol kol dv8pe"; re kui o/jlov koX /Specpy avvecpepovTO, yvvalKe";, xal i^eXevOepoi koI OepdirovTe^avrdv, 6"J0L yevov^ ^IraXiKov. w Kal /idXKTra SrjXov iyevero rrjV ^Aalav ov M.L6pLSdrov pbdXXov
rrjv

epydaao-Oai. ToidSe e? avTov"; re avTOv ovTOL fxev Blktjv aW' eSoaav SiTrXrjv, MiOpiBdrov fjL"T oXiyov dTrirrrco^ e? i^v^pLaavTO"; IvXXa- MiOpLBdTr]"i avrov^i, kol varepov KopvrjXiO) Be "9 /-tez/ Kw KareirXevne, ^cocov avrbv da-fxevoi^ Bexoi-ievcov, iralBa rov ^aauKal rov AXe^dvBpov XevovTo^i Alyvirrov, avv 7roXXol"; vtto '^ptjfiacn KXeoirdrpa'^ev Kw KaraXeXeifjifievov, /jidfM/jL7}"; rrj^ KXeo6k rwv re ^aacXiKco'^, nrapaXa/Scbv erp"cf}e ^^^ irdrpa^ 6r)aavpSivyd^av iroXXrjv kol re^vw XL6ov"^ Kal Koa/jLOv; yvvaLKeiov"^ Kal ')(p7]/jLara TToXXd e? rov Hovrov eTrefx-yfrev. 'VoBlol rd re reixv 24. ^Ev Be rovrw Kal cr(f)cl)v diraaiv Xi/jL"va"; T0U9 eKparvvavro, Kal /X7;;^am9

rj

'"cojiaL(ov /jiL(j"L

"j)6^a)

AvkIcov avve/jLaxovv.
280

KaC ""f)Laravov'

rLve";

avroL";
oaot
re

TeX/xicrecov re Kal 'Acrta9 ^IraXol

e^

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

liberated by the Romans, pursued the Italianswho chap. ^^ had taken refuge about the statue of Vesta in tlie killed senate-house, tore them from the shrine, first the children before their motJiers' eyes, and then killed the mothers themselves and their husbands The citizens of Tralles,in order to avoid after them. the appearance of blood-guiltiness,hired a savage monster named Theophilus, of Paphlagonia, to do the He conducted, the victims to the temple of work. Concord, and there murdered them, chopping offthe hands of some the sacred embracing who were Such was images. the awful fate that befell the women, Romans and and Italians in Asia, men, of children, their freedmen and slaves,all who were Italianblood ; by which it was made very plain that it was quite as much hatred of the Romans as fear of Mithridates that impelled the Asiatics to commit these atrocities. But they paid a double penalty for one their crime at the hands of Mithridates himself, them perfidiously not long afterward, who ill-treated and the other at the hands of Cornelius Sulla. In Mithridates crossed over to the island the meantime by the inhabitants welcomed of Cos, where he was and where he received,and afterwards brought up in a of Alexander, the reigning royal way, a son sovereign of Egypt, who had been left there by his grandmother, Cleopatra, together with a large sum From the treasures of Cleopatra he sent of money.
"

vast wealth, works of art, precious stones, women's ornaments, and a great deal of money to Pontus.

24. While these things were going on the Rhodians strengthened their walls and their harbours and by erected engines of war everywhere, being joined All the some recruits from Telmessus and Lycia.

28t
VOL. II.

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
aiTavTe"^

BOOK

XII

'VoBov e? SceTTecfievyecrav,
avv

Koi e')((opovv,

avroL'^

Aev/cio^ Kacrcrto? o
rov

'A(j/a9dvdvt?}?

7raT0"i.

eTTLTrXeovTO'; Be

M-iOptSdrov to, irpo-

dcneia KaOrjpovv, Xva firjBevetrj xPV"^^f^^ "^ot? fcalinl vavixa^i^av dvrf^ovTO,toI^ [ikv iroXefiioL^y "K fiercoTTOu ral"^he 7rXayLoi,";. 6 Be ^acnXev^ eirl lBiov"^ to tol"? e? TrepiTrXewv eKeXeve 7r"VT7]pov"; rrjp elpeaiav TreXayo'; dvdyeiv eVt Kepco";,koi
eTTLTa-xyvavra'^ irepiKVKXovaOai tov"; 7roXe/jLLov"^ Beiaavre^; oXiycorepovf; ovra^;, p^^XP'' ol 'VoBlolirepl

oXiyov elr eTnarpeXip^eva e? rov koX KXelOpotf; y^avre^ Karecpvyov, M.L0piaTTO avTOV BiaXa^6vTe"; rdv Teiywv tov 6 Be Bdrrjvdirep.d'xpvro. iroXei Trapaarparo-

KVKXcoaeL rfj

virexdipovvKaT

rfj

Xipcevcov ireLpoi)p.evo^ TTsBevcov Kol crvve'X(o"=: 'Acrta? Ik Koi diroTvyxdvcdv,dvep,eveto

rcov

ire^ov t^? ^paxelai/cat avveol irapayeveadai. rwv ^et? eylyvovTO d-"ifipa')(}ai roh e(f)eBpev6vTa)v
Kav

rovrw

ev at? T6t;3^ecriz/, ol 'FoBioi 7rXeoveKTovvTe"^ dveOdpKar (Tovv oXlyov,kol Ta? vav"i Bid x^ipofi ely^ov "L CO?, TTTf Kaipov evpoiev, e7n6r]a6p.evoiroU

7roXefiLOi";. 25. 'OX/caSo? Be l3acnXiKrj"i larioi 7rapa'7r\eovcni"^,

ralaBe eKarepcov eiri^orjdovvTWv aTrovBrjv vavp,ay{a ^liOpiBdrov p^ev eTTL^apvvovro^ yiyverai Kaprepd, S' avrov 'VoBicov vewv, rd crKd(f) Kal TrXi'ideai opyfj dvarirpcovrcov, avv re TrepirrXeovTwv epureipla Kal axrre avrol^ dvBpdaiv dvaBrjadp^evot Kal rpc^prj Kal dKpoaroXia TToXXd Kal crKvXa e? rov Xi/xeva
Kara

'VoBla BiKpOTo^i eir

avrrjv

dvr])(Oty /cat

282

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Italians who escaped from Asia collectedat Rhodes, chap. ^^ among them Lucius Cassius, the pro-consul of the Mitliridatesapproached with his Mithridates province. When fleet, the inhabitantsdestroyed the suburbs in order that they might not be of service to the enemy. ^^^^"8 Then they put to sea for a naval engagement with some of their ships ranged for an attack in front on the flank. Mithridates, who was sailing and some round in a quinquereme, ordered his ships to extend their wing out to sea and to quicken the rowing in fewer in order to surround the enemy, for they were The Rhodians were apprehensive of being number. surrounded and retired slowly. Finally they turned about and took refuge in the harbour, closed the gates, and fought Mithridates from the walls. He encamped near the cityand continuallytriedto gain to do so he waited entrance to the harbour, but failing for the arrival of his infantry from Asia. In the continual skirmishing going on meantime there was with the soldierson the walls. As the Rhodians had they gradually plucked the best of it in these affairs, in order up courage and kept theirships in readiness, to attack the enemy whenever they should discover an opportunity. 25. As one of the king's merchantmen was moving near them under sail a Rhodian two-bank ship advanced both hastened Many on it. to sides against the rescue and a severe naval engagement took place. Mithridatesoutweighed his antagonists both in fury He is but the Rhodians and in the multitude of his fleet, circledaround and rammed his ships with such skill that they took one of his triremes in tow with its crew and returned to the harbour with a large number of figure-heads and spoils. Another time.

^f^^l^'

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

eiraveXOelv, "^epovT6"i
viro /jL6V7]^

irevTrjpovf;he

iir avrcov 6 Kal Aa/JLay6pa"; 8' avTw vavap'xp^ eireifkei. irevre Kal eUoaiv ^IlOplSutov, rov pev e? Svcnv p^e^^pt eirLirep^y^avTOfi 6 Aafxay6pa"; vire'x^oipeL, S' ^St;
TOv"Tai";

t6)v TToXeflLCOV, dyvoovjJT6"iol 'VohiOi iirX i^rjrrjaiv avr7]"; e^ rat? fiaXLcrra ra^^vvavaveirXeov,

elXrjfjb(j"^mv

e? Ta?9 ^acrtXiKaL^;

8vo Kareirovrwae, ip/3a\Q)V

koX rrjv (jvvehica^e, 'PoBloc";
TOVTO

a-varKord^ovro^i cLTroirXovv e7naTpe"^opevaL

Bvo S'dX\a";e? AvKiav
'JTeXayLaa";

vvktu

iiravrfkdev.

koX yiiOpthdrr] Te\o"; rjv rrj^ Sid rrjv re vavpa'x^la^, irapa ho^av ^VohioL"; oXtyoTTjTa Kal MidpiSdrr) Bid to ifkrjOo'i yevoBe iv rat p"VOV. epyw TrepcTrXeovrc rw /SaaiXei, ^ia avpupa'xl^ Kal T0U9 oiKelov; iina7rep')(ovrL, "k Oopv^ov Kareaeiae' Kal 6 ^aatep^aXovcra \eu9, rov ^povTu^eiv V7roKpivdpevo"^, ovBev Tore varepov eKokaae Kal rov irpcopea,Kal KvlSepvrjTriv
XtOt9 "p,1]Vl(T6 irdcTLV. 26. 'YSiv8' avrcov
rov rw i)pepCiv Tre^ov

^Atdpi-

Bdrrj TrapaTrXiovro'i iirl oXKdBcov Kal rptrjpwv, KavviKov ipireaov e? avrd"; e? 'FoBov iTvevpa iraprjveyKe' Kal ol 'VoBioi rdxi'Crra e7ravaxOevre"i, ivoxXovpevaL"i viro rov kXvBcovo^ ert, Kal Bieriva"^ cTTrappevai'^ ep^aXovre^,dveB/]cravr6 Kal BUrprjaav erepa^ Kal iveTrprjcravdXXa";, Knl dvBpa";aLXpciX(orov";elXov e? rerpaKoaiov^. i"f)' 6 M.i,0pi,Bdr7]"; 69 erepav vavpaxi'Ctv opov ol"; Kal
iroXiopKLav
vrjpxL

Be riva, pr]')(daap^vKi^v r^roipbd^ero, peyiarov, iirl Bvo vewv eiroiei. (pepopevov

284

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

when one of their quinqueremes had been taken by chap. the enemy, the Rhodians, not knowing this fact,sent out six of their swiftestships to look for it, under Mithridates command of their admiral, Damagoras. despatched twenty-five of his against them, and Damagoras retiredbefore them until sunset. When it began to grow dark and the king's ships turned round to sailback, Damagoras fell upon them, sank two, drove two others to Lycia, and having passed This was the the night out at sea returned home.
resultof the naval engagement, as unexpected to the Rhodians on account of the smallness of their force as to Mithridates on account of the largeness of his. In this engagement, while the king was sailing about an in his ship and urging on hismen, alliedship from in the confusion with a severe Chios ran against iiis shock. The king pretended not to mind it at the out time, but laterhe punished the pilot and the lookman, and conceived a hatred for allChians. time the land forces of Mith- lie makes 26. About the same

ridates set sailin merchant vesselsand triremes, and by a storm, blowing from Caunus, drove them towards Rhodes. The Rhodians promptly sailedout to meet them, fellupon them while they were still scattered from the the tempest, effects of captured and suffering burned some, otiiers, rammed others, and and Thereupon Mithridates 400 took about prisoners. for another naval engagement and siege at prepared He built a immense an same time. the samhuca} machine for scaling walls, and mounted it on two
^

land"

or

A kind of bridge, used for crossingfrom either the ships the towers of the besiegerson to the enemy's walls.

285

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

avTOjJioXwv

S' avTM

y
eir

Ato? ^Arafivpiov
avTOv,

im^arov, \6(f)0V vTTohei^dvTwv Upbv rjv kol koXo^ovTeij(iov

e?
Ta";
vav^

iirdvaSov^ KXifxaKa^ i/ciXevae Kal krepoL"^ e^rjae, avrol^; "Karepov"; fiSTa cnoi7rrj";, P'"XP^ tiv\"^ '^copcLV ^Ara^vpcov, irvpcrevaeiav "K tov Kal t6t" ddpoco^;, otl tov? fiev roL^i fiera /3or]"; fidXia-rafieydXTj^i, 8e rd relxv ^id^ecOai. ifiTriirreiv, rot? XL/xia-iv ol fiev Brj fierd aiyrj^ ^aOeia^;TrpocreTriXa^o S' ol 'VoBlcop tmv yiyvoiJieala-SojjievoL 7rpo(j)v\aK""i iiTvpcrevarav, MiOpLSdrov, tov vcov Kal i)arpaTid ^Ara^Svpuov Sk tov rovro elvai tov vo/iL(Taaa
rrjv (Trpanav
vvkto"^

^aOeia^ cri,u)7rf]"; TTvpaov, eK rfXdXa^av Ofiov 6 6 vr]iTrj"^ re iravTe^, Kal ol (tt6\o"=; KXip^aKo^opoi dvravaKpayov'Vohiwv S' avT0L"i dKaTa7r\y']KT(o"i dvaSpa/novTcov e? Ta Teix"-], Tdiv, Kal d0p6u)"; ol 8' vvKTo"; ^aaCkLKol puev ovK eirex^lpovv, r)p,"pa";

d7reKpovad)]aav. 5' 27. 'H crapL^vKT] eTrax^^Lcra tov Tet^of? y TO T?79 "latSo^ lepov iaTLV, e"/)o/5et pdXiaTa, ^eXq dKOVTia T" d(})L"L(T Kal KpLOV"; Ka\ TToXXd 6/bLOV
avTjj fxeTa ttoWoI'; (TKucjiecn Si' avTr]"; KXipidKOiv irapedeov co? dva^i-jaopievoL

(TTpaTLcoraL

re

eVl

ol Be 'PoSiol Kal TdSe "vaTa6M"; T6 to viro jSdpov^ virepievov, ew? p.7]xdv)]/jLa "IcriSo? irvp d(jiLeevehihov, Kal (j)d(Tfia Trj"i eBo^e diroyvov^i avTov. vat, TToXv KaT Kal 6 Mt^/0iSaT?;9 'Po5ov, eK Tr}"s7reLpa"; dve^evyvvev Kal TTjcrBe t?)? HaTapoif; Be Tr)v aTpaTidv 7reptaTy]cra"; ckotttc ArjTovs dXao"; lepov e? p^^XP^ (f)o/3/ yttJ/^^^ai'a?, tc o-ai/TO? avTov Kal ewnvlov t?}? vXt)^ i(j)eLaaTO,
Ta

T6VXV'

286

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

ships. Some deserters showed him a hill that was chap. ^^ easy to climb^ where the temple of Zeus Atabyrius was situated,surrounded by a low wall. He placed a part of his army in ships by night, distributed both scaling ladders to others, and commanded silently until they should see a fire parties to move Atabyrius ; and then to signal given from Mount to attack make the greatest possible uproar, and some Accordingly the harbour and others the wall. they approached in profound silence. The Rhodian going on and lighted a sentries detected what was fire. The army of Mithridates, thinking that this was the firesignal from Atabyrius, broke the silence with a loud shout, the scaling party and the naval The Rhodians, contingent shouting all together. not at all dismayed, answered the shout and rushed The king's forces did not He is to the walls in crowds. ^"^*^" even attack that night, and the next day they were beaten off. dismayed by the 27. The Rhodians were most moved against the wall where sambuca, which was the temple of Isis stands. It was taneously operating simulboth kinds, rams with weapons of various Soldiers with ladders in numerous and projectiles. small boats passed alongside of it, ready to mount the wall by its help. Nevertheless the Rhodians awaited its attack with firmness, until the sambuca began to collapseof its own weight, and an apparition hurling a great mass was seen of firedown upon of Isis it. Mithridates despaired of this undertaking too and He then laid siege to Patara retired from Rhodes. and began to cut down a grove dedicated to Latona, to get material for his machines, until he was warned PelopLeaving trees. to in a dream spare the sacred
287

'

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

'Ap^eUeXoTTiBav Avkloi"; TroXe/jtetv eVtcrTz/cra?, \aov e? TYjv 'EWdSa eirefxire, TrpoaeTaipLov/Jievoi' SvvatTO. S* cltto ocra avro"i Tj ^laaoixevov avrfj^; ia-rparoTOvBe Tot? arpaTrjyoL^i ra TroWa /^e^el?
Xoyet

^rpaToviKi^t 'yvvaLKi mttXottoUi,kol rfj Si"T"p7r"T0, e? iSiKa^e Kol BiKa"; rol"^iin^ovXeveLv

KOL

TO

(TM/jiaavTov

Xeyo/xivoif;

oX")9 r) vecorepl^ovaiv 7)

pcofiat^ovaiv.

CAT.

28. Kal

fiei' irrl rolaSe rjv,

*

Kara

he Tr)v

'EXXdBa ToidSe iyiyvero. A p)(eXao"ieVfTrXeucra? Kal aroXfp ttoWco, ^i)X6vre di^iarafjiev Kal (TLTCp dirb ^AOr)vaicov /Sia Kal dXXa %copia ix^i^p^o-aro dvhpa"^, Kal Kpdret. KreLva"^ 8' ev avroL"? Eia/jLvpLov"^
Oiv

ol irXeove^i rjaav 'IraXoi,ra

ra

rrpoae')(^copLa
avrov"i,
rov

Kal diro rovBe TTOielro rol^ ^A07]vaLot";'

Kal Kal rd

dXXa
fieya

rrepl Ko/xTrd^cov
eTraipcov, e?
ra

'MidpcSdrov

e?
re

vTrrjydyero' (piXuav

avrol'^ lepd eTrefMirev eV y^pi^ptara \\6rjvaiGVy avp,Bi dvhpo"; ^Apiarlcovo^ AijXov rwv ^oT^yu-aTwr e? Siaxi^Xiou^ "^vXaK7]V irefiylra^; dvhpa"i, ervpdvvrjae oh 6 ApLarlwv avyxpd"/J'"VO"i Adrjvaiwv row rov"; fiev "v6u"i rrj"^irarplBo';, Kal 8' dveireiiy^ev e's" CKreiveu rov"i co? pa"/jiai^ovra";, M.LdpiBdrr]V, r7]v 'Ett^/levroi aoc^iav Kal ravra dXXd yap ou^ oBe fiovo^; Kovpetov 7)aKr]K(o^, ^A07]v7]atv, en rrpb rovrov, Ka) ovBe }\piria"i
' ^

288

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

idas to continue the war against the Lycians he sent chap. ^^ Archelaus to Greece to gain alhes by persuasion or force according as he could. After this Mithridates committed most of his tasks to his generals,and applied himself to raising troops, making arms, and himself with his wife from Stratoniceia. enjoying He alsoheld a court to try those who were accused ot him, or inciting of conspiring against revolution,or of favouring the Romans in any way.

28. While Mithridates was thus occupied the chap. following events took place in Greece. Archelaus, ^ ^""' ^"^ sailing thither with abundant supplies and a large fleet, Delos and other ^Jerwit conquered by force of arms strongholds which had revolted from the Athenians. Mithridates He slew 20,000 men in these places, most of whom handed Italians, were the strongholds over to and Athenians. In this way, and by boasting the Mithridates generally about and extravagantly him, he brought Athenians into alliance the praising him. Archelaus with also sent them the sacred Delos by treasure the hands of Aristion, an of Athenian citizen,attended by about 2000 soldiers to These Aristion soldiers guard the money. made use himself his to fatherland, master of make of putting death to some ing immediately on the charge ot favourRomans Mithridates. to the and sending others And these things he did although he had studied Epicurean philosophy. Nor was he alone in this, for not only at Athens Critias^ before him and those
One of the most extreme of the so-calledThir-ty Tyrants, Athens from September 404 May to 403 B.C. He who ruled a friend was and pupil of Socrates.
1

289

APPIANS
CAP.
oaoi
TU"

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Kpma

aWa

rf)

KoX ev aWr) ^EXkdSi

^IrdXia
tmv

(TVfi(fii\o(TO(f)ovvr6";
tmv eirra

irvpavvrjcTav,

ttvOayopiaavToov koI iv
Xeyofievcov ao(f)a)v
oaoL

ehvvdarevadv re Kal iruTrpay/jLcirMV eXd^ovTO, IScoyTCKWv TvpdvvcoVyware pdvvijaav co/xoTepov tmv d'wopov ^iXoao^oiv Koi irepXTcov aXKwv 'Trotfjaai Bl "LTe dperrjv, elVe irevla^koL Kol vTroTTTOV, a)v rrjp ao(f)Lav ye eOevro 'TTapafivOiov, ttTT/oa^ta? lhLWTei)OVT""i KOL KUl TTCVOfieVOL, Kol VVV IToWol e/c T7]if dvayKaiav Tcovhe ao^iav TTepLKeijievoi, dp^ovat XotBopovvTac TnKpM^, ToZ? irXovTovcriv i) dpxv'i Bo^av kol ttXovtov ovx

acfyuai VTrepo-v/rfca? e? ^r^XoTUTTta? rf avrd irpo^".povT" /jLokXov 3' avrwv ttoXv /SXaacpyj/jLOv/nevoc ol vTrepopcocri ravra r)yr)aaiTO dv Ti? e? pbev ovv aocpMTepov. avrov KpLariwva rov elpy/xeva, atriov (f)LX6ao(f)oi" XoyMyevo/nevov w rrj"i"K^oXi]";
^

irpocr^eainewv, iraaa X(opi"iye eriOevTO,kol ov"i irepLKaO/fpievo^iTroXiop/cei.rod B' avrov viro MiOpiBdrov i7rL7rep.(f)0eUXpovov ^lrjTpo(f)dvy"i krepa^ o-TpaTid"i Fjv^oiav Kal ArffjLrjrpidBa fjbed^ ivBexo/jLepa"i rd MiOpiBdreia, Kal M.ayv7]aLav, ovk ck iXerjXdreL, Kal BpvTrLO'=; MaKeBovia^ iireXOcbp

29. ^ApyeXdcp

8' 'Ayaiol Kal AdKwve^

BoLcoria

(7VV

oXtya) arparw
re

BtevavfjLdxv^^^ t^

avrro,

Kal

irXolov Kal rffiioXiav KarairovTdiGa^ Mr]rpoiv rov avrol';, e(f)opwvTo"; 7rdvTa"i Tov^ 6 Be Kal avrov ""^"vyev. (pdvov^;. Kararr^ayel'^ ^ J^perrLO"; ov KaraXa/3oov ai(Ti(pdvkfxw XP^H'^'^'^'^ Xeta? %Kia6ov rot? /Sap^dpon; r) rrj"i e^elXev, eKpepiacre, rapLielov rjv, Kal BovXov"i nvd'^ avrcov
ago

eKreive

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

who set up a tyranny, but chap of his fellow-philosophers ^ some of the Pythagoreans, and in other alsoin Italy, of those known as parts of the Grecian world some the Seven Wise Men, who undertook to manage cruelly, and made governed more public affairs, than tyrants themselves greater ordinaiy despots ; whence arose doubt and suspicion concerning other sophy whether they were attracted to philophilosophers, by virtue, or adopted it as a consolation for poverty or lack of occupation. For we see many of them now, obscure and poverty-stricken, wearing the garb of philosophy as a matter of necessity, and railing bitterly at the rich and powerful, thus winning themselves a reputation, not for despising Those riches and power, but for envying them. they speak illof shew far greater wisdom in whom These things the reader should despisingsuch men. Aristion, consider as spoken against the philosopher who is the cause of this digression. 29. Archelaus brought over to the side of Mithri- other dates the Achaeans, the Lacedaemonians, and all of fjjiJ^ ^g^"^ he laid example Boeotia except Thespiae, to whicli close Metrophanes, time who had siege. At the same been sent by Mithridates with another army, ravaged Euboea and the territory of Demetrias and Magnesia, Bruttius which states refused to espouse his cause. force from advanced against him with a small Macedonia, had a naval fight with him, sank one small ship and one hemiolia,and killedallwho were The looking on. in them while Metrophanes was fledin terror and, as he had a favourable wind, latter Bruttius could not overtake him, but stormed a Sciathos, which was storehouse of plunder for the barbarians, of them who were crucified some
291

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XJl

Ka\ iXevOepcov aTrerejie ra^ '^elpa';. eVt re Boiwkol rlav TjOaTret?, erepcov ol ^lXlcov lirirewv nre^cov Xacpcovecav etc yiaKshovia^ eirekdovTOiv, aficfil ^ApLCTTLcovL WpX^Xdw Kol rpLcrlu r}fiepaL"^"7vveiT\"K"TO, taov Kol ay^x^co/jLoXov Trap' oXov tov a"^u"va TOV epyov yijvo/jievov. AaKoovcov Be koa 'ApxeXdo) koI ApidTiwvL Wx^^LOiv e? (TV/i/jLaxi'Civ
"*

TrpocTLovTcov,6 BpvTTLO";

CLTracnv

o/jLov "yevofi"VOL"=;

ovx
"9

TOV

en d^t6fiaxo"i eaeaOai dve^evyvvev '^yovfjLevo'; ^Apxe\ao";

JleLpaid,fiexpt' TOvSe fcal

eVt-

7rXev(ja";Acario-^ez^. 30. XyX\a"i o' 6 tov

MLOpcSaTeiov

iroXefxov

'Tco/jiaicov aTpaTT^yo^ vtto aipe6el";elvai, t6t" 'IrctXta?avv TeXeai rrevTe koX "T7reLpat"; irpSiTOvef XPV~ rial KOL tXat? e? rrjv ^KXXdSa 7r"pat,coOel"; kol Koi dyopdv ck re fiaTa fiev avTiKa "TVfi/idxov"i 8' dnroAtVwXta? Kol ^eaaaXLa"; avveXeyev, d)"; e? Ttjv ^Attlktjv ex^iv eSoKei,Bie^aipev Xpd"VT(i}"; S' avTw Boiwrta eVt TOV Apx^Xaov. irapohevovTi
^

d6p6(o"^ %")/0t9oXiycov, kol to fieya jxeTexdipet, 'Vcofiaicov daTV al Srj^at-, p.dXa Kovcf)6va"f; clvtI yiiOpihdTeiay eTL, to, "X6/jL"vol irplv e? o^vTepov irelpav iXOelv,diro Apx^Xdov tt/oo? '^vXXav jxeTe^Attiktjv exd"p"L, Kal jxepo^ TiOevTO. 6 K eirl Trjv dcTTV ApiaTicova TO Ti "9 aTpaTOV 7repi7rep,-ylra"? tov TToXtopKelv,avT6";, evOarrep rjv Apx^Xao^, eirl
Te
'

Ueipaia

KaTaKeKXeLcr KaTrfkOe,

e9 jjLevcdv

Ta

Teuxv

TMV

iroXe/jLicov.v^o";
re kol

8' rjv
kol

to,

tclxv

Teatt^X^^^ eK

aapdKOVTa
fieyaXov
^

fidXicrTa,

eipyacno

XiOov

epyov, ot" AOrjvaioL^eirllieXoTTOvvrjaiovi T0t9 (TTpaTi^ycov, iv Ta" UecpaLei TiOeKal Tr}P iXiriBa t^? vIk^]^
292

Terpaycovov, UepUXeLov

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

slaves, and cut off the hands of the freemen. Then chap. having received reinforcehe turned against Boeotia_, ments of 1000 horse and foot from Macedonia. Near Chaeronea he was engaged in a fight of three days' duration with Archelaus and Aristion, the battlebeing evenly contested throughout. But when to the aid the Lacedaemonians and Achaeans came Bruttius thought that he of Archelaus and Aristion, was not a match for all of them together and withdrew Piraeus, Archelaus came to the until up with his fleet and seizedthat place also. 30. Sulla, who had been appointed general of the Cornelius for the first by the Romans, now Mithridaticwar nmrches to Greece with five legions and a time passed over few cohorts and troops of horse and straightway jf^jfrld called for money, reinforcements and provisions from Aetoliaand Thessaly. As soon as he considered himself strong enough he crossed over to Attica to passing through the attack Archelaus, As he was him except a few, and country all Boeotia joined others the great city of Thebes, which among had very lightly taken sides with Mithridates even more nimbly against the Romans, but now to before Sulla from Archelaus coming to a changed trial of strength. When Sulla reached Attica he He besieges *^" Piraeus detached part of his army to lay siege to Aristionin down to attack the Athens, and himself went Piraeus, where the enem}-, under Archelaus,were shut up within the walls. The height of the walls was builtof large square about fortycubitsand they were the work of Periclesin the time stones. They were of the Peloponnesian war, and as he rested his hope of victoryon the Piraeus he made them as strong as

293

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROiMAN
avrov

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

fxaXkov /x"vo";,

ifcparvvaro. ZvWa"^

5e Kal

rol^ Tefc%e(7fi^ "vOv"; eirrjye ra? TOiotaSe ovai dvreo fiev eSpa iroWa fcal voWa KXl/ia/ca's, KaTnraSoKcov avrov tmv ajxvvoTTaayev, lcr')(ypo3"i 'EXevaiva Meyapa Ka/xvajv e? fievoiv, eare koX Heipaid ifri kol rov (rvveirrjave^ciipei, iM7]')(ava^ eirevoeL. yvvTO, fcalxw/ia avrS) 'Trpo(T-)(Ovv re'yyai St] avro) kol kol kol fiev irdcra irapacTKevi) oiorjpo'^ dWo, eK ri kol ei roLOVTOTpoirov KaraTreXTai, Be Trj"; 'AKahrjfieua^ Stj/Smv i/co/jLi^"TO, v\r]v

Kal pbr]')(a^o,"i ixeyiaTa"^.rd re elpyd^ero \iOov"; Kal ^vXa Kal yrjv fiaKpd aKeXrj KaOjjpei,
X^yLta fiera^dXXwv. 31. Alio 8' "K Arr lkoI depdrod Ileipai(o"; 7rovre";, avrol"^ alpovjievoi rd 'Vcopiaicov, r) acpicTLv 7re(r"T0L"i et n yiyvoiro, irpoopoofxevoL, Kara(f)vyyv,
^

CKOTrre,

"9

ro

del ro TreTTOLrj/xevoi^eyypd^ovre^ fxoXv^hov airo ytyvofjievov e? tou? ^Vwpaiovi t)"^ieaav (T(f)ev

"K

86vrj(;. Kal rovSe yiyvo/xevov re crfi^e^w? Kal e? yvwaiv eXOovro'i,%vXXa"i rot? ea-cfievSovri/i
on irpoaexoyv y]vpe yey pa fi/jLevov

eVtouo-t;?"k tt^?
"?
ra

/lercoTTOv

Kara Tre^ol

tou?

eK^paepya^ofievov^

TrXdyia 'Fco/JLabwv ovv rcvd (rrpandv e/jb/SaXovaiv. Kprj^jra'^ drroy^pcoaav,")? eyevero roiv rj

fjLOVvrai Kal

tTTTrct?

eKarepwOev

Brj fxdXiara Bo^acra elvai,6 alcjiVLBio^ Bicorepov avrol^

rroX\ov";
rov"=;
"Kr"Lve

rroXefiiwv eK^popr], Be

alcpvi-

Kal
rovro

e?

KeKpu/jL/mevovf;eVac^el? rr]V BdXaaaav erepov^

fiev

rrepiecoaev. Kal

eKeivr)'^ ireipa^i rrj(; Be dvw reXo^ r)V alpo/iei"oL^ eirl p^eya roh x^/^^^'^ irvpyou^ 6 ^Apx^Xao"; dvre/jbrjxavdro, Kal irXelcna Bwd/xei^i iir' avroL"i eK re opyava eriOet,ra?
294

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

possible. Notwithstanding the height of the walls char Sulla planted his ladders against them at once. After inflicting the and receiving much damage (for he Cappadocians bravely repelled his attack),retired exhausted to Eleusis and Megara, where he built
engines formed

for
a

new

plan

attack upon the Piraeus and for besieging it with a mound.

Appliances and apparatus of all kinds, iron, catapults, supplied by Thebes. and everything of that sort were His wood he cut in the grove of the Academy, where He also demolished he constructed enormous engines. the Long Walls, and used the stones, timber, and earth for building the mound. 31. Two Athenian slaves in the Piraeus either looking oecause they favoured the Romans or were wrote out for their own safety in an emergency
" "

down

everything that took place there, inscribed on leaden balls, and shot them at the Romans with done continually this was slings. After being

observed, and Sulla,who gave his attention to the " the which said, To-morrow missives, found one infantry will make a sallyin front upon your workers, and the cavalry will attack the Roman army on both flanks." Sulla placed an adequate force in ambush and when the enemy dashed out with the thought that their movement would completely surprise him
he gave them a greater surprise with his concealed force,killing many and driving others into the sea. This was the end of that enterprise ; but when the

mounds
towers

began

to rise Archelaus
a

and placed

great number

erected opposing of engines on them. 295

APPIAN'S

ROMAN
ro3V

HISTORY,
aWwv

BOOK

XII

Xa\/ict5o?Kal ^^^KOL

vr'jCFcov fMereTri/jLTrer

ovto^ o)? ol rov epeVa? KaOcoirXt^ev, KLvhvvov irepltwv oXcov. iylyvero fikvBt]ifXeiayv XvXXa aTpaTid"? r) ^Ap^eXdov kol ck ovaa tt}? Be fJiearj^; 6 fiev ^Ap)("vvkto"^ TMpBe rroXv TrXelcov,

Tou?

iicOopoov /lera Xafiini'jpwv iveTrprjae rrjv krepav tmv ')(^eXo)V(bv iir)-)(^avr)iiaTa kuI ra e7r avrfj Be BeKa 6 %vXXa"i rjfi6pai"i ixciXiara aXXa epyao'dXao"; fievo"i eTrea-TTjaev avOi";ev6a /cat to. irporepa rfv. 6 A.p-)(eXao^irvpyov dpOlaTrj Kara to Koi TOUTOi?
^

T"txo"i.

S' avra" 32. KaTa7rXeuadcrr]";

(TTpana^
aTrayra?

e^fjyev 3' dva/jLL^a"i avTol"; ixd)(rjv, acpevBoavro viro to vt]Ta"; Kol ro^6Ta"i TrapeTUTTev, Tel^^^ iva tmv fcal ol Teixo(^vXaKe"^ TroXe/jblcov e"^iKvolvTO 8' avTw viro erepoi Tal"^ TrvXai'^ Kaipov 7rvp(f)6poL dyywiiuXov 8' e? iroXv eKBpopbT)^ Tr}^ eireTi^povv.
e?

"Tepa"^, rj";

irapa M-cOpiBdrov rjyelro A/90/xt;^atT??9,

ovar}"i ive/cXtvov eKaTepoi Trapa fjLepo"^, /id)(^r]"i irpoiTov fiev ol /Sdp^apoi, pe^p^ 'Ap;^eA,ao?avTov"; Bt] kol w e? Tr}V /jLd)(r)v. eTraviqyayev e'ina-')(ocn" /xeT avTov^ ol 'Voy/j-atot, /jidXtaTa KaTairXayeme^ eaTe v7ravTi]aa"i Koi TovaBe Movp)jva"=: "(^evyGv, dXXo S' i7re(TTp6"f)"V. aTro ^v\eLa"; TeXo"^ eTraviov, dywva KOL Tov avv avTOL"i ol aTipoL, (TTTouBfi MLOpiBaT"Loi"; irdw eTreTTiiTTov eupovTe^ toU e? ^fcr;^iX/oi/? KapTepM";, P'e^ptKTelvai /xev avTwv TOL/? Be Xo(7rov"; e? tcl Tel^V crvveXdcrai.Apx^Xao^ S' avToij"; dyoivi Bia t^jv tm kol av6i"?,
^

eTTca-Tpe^xov

diroKXeiaOeU e? iToXv Trapapievwv, koi TTpoOvpilav Bid KaXcpolwv. 6 Be ZuXXa? tov^ dvLfj-tjOi] fiev
296

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

He also sent for reinforcements from Chalcis and chap. ^ knowing the other islands and armed his oarsmen, his army, so that everything was at stake. And which was superiorin number to that of Sulla before, by these reinforceso became now ments, much more and at midniglit he made a sally with torches and burned one of the pent-houses and the in about ones machines as well ; but Sulla made new ten days' time and put them in the places of the a former ones. Against these Archelaus established tower on that part of the wall. 32. Having received from Mithridatesby sea anew Archelaus * led Archelaus Dromichaetes, army under command of allhis troops out to battle. He distributed archers and slingers among them and ranged them close under the walls so that the defenders of the walls could reach the enemy with their missiles. Others ^ were stationed around the gates with torches to watch their opportunity to make a sally. The battle remained doubtful a long time and each side laus until Archeyielded in turn, the barbarians first, them and led them back. The Romans rallied dismayed by this that they were so were put to flightnext, until Murena ran up and rallied them. Just then another legion, which had returned from gathering wood, together with the soldiers who had been disgraced,finding a hot fightin progress, troops,killed made a powerful charge on Mithridates' about 2000 of them and drove the rest inside the walls. Archelaus tried to rally them again and stood his ground so long that he was shut out and had to be pulled up by ropes. In considerationof their splendid behaviour Sulla removed the stigma
^

^l^^^

For the intention,see chapter 35.

297

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

dycoviaa/nivov'^ dri/jLOVi; i^eXvaet^"? Tepc(f}avco"; 8' drif.da"^, tou? aX\ov"^ ihwpr)craTO ttoWoU. 33. Kal 'X^eifxoivo'^ eVtoi^ro?r/S?; aTparoTreSov ev
^EjXevalvL 6e/ji"V0";,
ere

five

^aOelav rod

rdcppov
fi)]

dvwOev

tou?

iirlOaXarrav linrea^ TroXe/x-t'ou?

avrw

dydve^, ol ryv rdcppov fiev d/uxf)! ol Se irapd rol^;reL^eaiv, dajXLvd twv TroXe/xicov, kol XlOol"; Kal eire^toPTcov Be 6 XvXXa"i ^eXecTL ')(^p(o/x"VQ)v. Kal /JoXv^Saivaif; Seofievo^ veoiv fiev Ik Vohov, Kal fxereTre/JLylraTO Bvvr]6evTwv BiairXevaai OaXaaao^FoBlcov ou dvSpa KparovvTo"; rod MiOpiSdrov, AevKoXXov, 'Pco/xaLov TroXe/xov Kal rovBe rov irepn^avr}
rive"^

ev/jLapo)"; eirirpex^i'^ ol. kol rdSe KaO* eKdarrjv rjfxepav eyiyvovro

irovovfievcp

(TTparrjyov
^

eirl XvXXa

yevofievov,

eKeXevev

"?

AXe^dvhpeiav Kal Svpiav XaOovra StaTrXevcrai, Trapd re twv ^acnXewv KaliroXewv, oaat vavriKai,
vavriKov (TToXov Tivd dyeipavra to 'Vohioiv irapaBrj daXdacn^^, o fiev TroXe/xia? ovar)^; ti}? Tre/i-v/rat.
^

"k e? KeXrjriov Kal vavv ovBev evBoid"ja";, eve^rj, ved)"^,Xva XdOoL, Bia/jLel/Swv eV AXe^avBpela^

diro twv irecrOl Be TrpnBcBovTef; ret-xo^v, on r)]aBe Trj"; "Tol"i irdXiv eyy pdylravTe"i 'TrffMyfroL ^Apx^Xaci tmv to AOrjvaUoi/dcrrv e? VVKT0";
34.
^

""f"epeTO'

crTparLcorwv "^epoirvpou^ vtto TTie^ofievov 6 ^vXXa"^ eveBpevcra"i jievov;, ia^evBovrjaav, Kal 5' rov re airov rrj"; eKpdrrjcre Kal rwv (pepovrcov.
avra" rffiepaf; avrrji;

Xt/JLW

Kal Movvdrto^^ ireplXaXKuBa

NeoTrroXe/iov erepov arparrjyov Kararpcocra^;, ckBe reive fxev e? x^Xlovf;Kal rrevraKoalov^;, eXa^e ov ttoXv Be vcrrepov aLX/J'CiX(orov"i eVt rrXeiova"^.
298

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

from those who had been disgraced and gave large chap. rewards to the others. on 33. Now winter came and Sulla establishedhis camp at Eleusis and protected it by a deep ditch, extending from the high ground to the sea, so that the enemy's horse could not readily reach him. While he was prosecuting this work fighting took
now at the walls of the at the ditch,now place daily, out and assailed the enemy, who frequently came Romans with stones, javelins, and leaden balls. Sulla,being in need of ships, sent to Rhodes to obtain them, but the Rhodians were not able to send He suiia sends them because Mithridates controlled the sea. us, a distinguished Roman then ordered Lu cull who Jo ^rocm-e latersucceeded Sulla as commander in this war, to ships to Alexandria and Syria, and procure proceed secretly a fleetfrom those kings and cities that were skilled it Rhodian to in nautical affairs, tlie escort with and LucuUus did not hesitate, naval contingent also. in possession of the sea. although the enemy were in a fast sailing vessel and, by He embarked ship to another in order to changing from one conceal his movements, arrivedat Alexandria. 34. Meanwhile the traitors in the Piraeus threw b.c. S6 saying that Archelaus Hard another message over the walls, the waUs"" would on that very night send a convoy of soldiers Athens, to was the cityof suffering which with wheat from hunger. Sulla laid a trap for them and tured capboth the provisions and the soldiers. On the day, near Chalcis, Munatius wounded Neoptosame lemus, another general of Mithridates,killed about larger number 1500 of his men, and took a still by night,while the guards prisoners. Not long after,

299

APPIAN'S
CAP.
Tft) Kcov,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Tleipaiet vvkt6";, ert KOLfjbWfjievwvrcov cf)v\d'FcofiacoLSea rcov iyyij^fxrj^avwv K\L/JiaKa";

eTreveyKovre^;

i7re(3r](Tav, eirl to Tel)(^o^ /cal rov"i iyyv"; eKreivav. m tmv TOL'9 ^ap^v\aKa"i
Tieipaia,to 69 rov fiev evOu'idireTrTJScov

e^'

^dpcovol

iKBpafi6vTe"; oXlyov rov 'PcofialKoyvTrvpycov iveTrpr/aav, firj tmv erepov el 1vWa"; eirchpajioov diro rov dTparoTreSou, vukt6"; dywvLadfxevo'^, eir litovw^; T6 0X779 fcal Si 7jfi"pa"; rore pcev v7rexd)povv ol ^dp7repiea-(oaev. kol ^apoL,rod 5' 'Apx^Xdou irvpyov erepov peyav errl ^FcofiaLKOu rrvpyov arn']ro reXxo^ dvriKpv";rov dW7]Xov"=;,eKarepwOev "9 cravro^ e7rupyofid-)(^ouv e")9 0 %vWa"; irvKvd Kol Oajxivd irdvra d(f)iivr"";, "K KaraireXrcbp, dvd elKoaiv o/jlov fioXv/3Baiva"^ re eKreive d(j}L"vrcov, /3apvrdra"; ttoXXol;?, kol rov hvcrdpixoarov kol irvpyov Ap)(eXdov KareaeLae Xp'xeXdov Bed Seo9 vtto eTTOLTjcrev,")9 evOu^ avrov
ol he
Kol
roiv

dirav, ol 8' e? retyo? KaTa\nr6vTe"; 009 elXfj/jL/jLevov rov rjye/xova rwv a\.Kr]p rpairevre^ e/cretvdvre kol tol'9 Xoi7rov"^ iinlSdvrcov KaTeKprjfjLviaave^co

Bid

iruXcou

OTTLaco

Kara

rd')(o"i v7ra')(0rjvaL.
/juaXXov
vtto rov

35.
roiv
ev

8' en I\Le^opbev(ov

Xtfiov

darei, ireacrol on iruXiv ifir/vvov rre/x^pWp')(^eXao"; 6 darv TO 69 vvKro"; real rpo(f)d";. re rov VTTOVOMV alrov yiyveaOai /ayjvv/jLa Kal rrepl nva^; alrov eTrepbire,Kai irpoBoalav, dpua rov raL"; 7rvXaL"; fierd irvpo^ 69 tol'9 'Fco/nalovf; e^iarrj el ^vXXa"; ylyvoiro irepX rov "KBpafjLOv/i"vov";, avveireaev "S-iiXXa dp.(j)Q), puev eXelv alrov. Kai 8' e/xirpPjaai nva roif;airaycoyovvra"it 'Ap-)^eXdrp S' avrov rov roiV XP^^^^ ^"'' iJLr]')(avi}ixdrwi'.
300

THE
on

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

the walls of the Piraeus were asleep,the Romans chap. ladders by means brought up some of the appliances hand, at mounted the walls, which they had near and killedthe guards at that place. Thereupon some of the barbarians abandoned their posts and fled to the harbour, thinking that all the walls had been captured. Others offereda brave resistance and slew the leader of the assailing party and hurled the the wall. Still others darted out remainder over through the gates and almost burned one of the two Roman towers, and would have burned it had not Sulla ridden up from the camp and saved it by a hard fight lasting all that night and the next day. Then the barbarians retired. But Archelaus planted another great tower on the wall opposite the Roman
on the towers assailed each other, and the men dischargingallkinds of missilesconstantlyuntil Sulla, by means each of which discharged of his catapults, had twenty of the heaviest leaden balls at one volley, killed a large number of the enemy, and had so of Archelaus that it became shaken the tower insecure, and Archelaus was compelled, by fear of its destruction,to draw it back with all speed. famine pressed more 35. Meanwhile and more Famine in on the city of Athens, and the leaden balls gave"^^^""^ the further information that ])rovisions would be Archelaus suspected that sent tliitherby night. some traitor was giving information to the enemy time about his convoys. Accordingly, at the same that he sent it, he stationed a force at the gates with torches to make an assaulton the Roman works if Sulla should attack the provision train. Both these things happened, Sulla capturing the train and Archelaus burning some of the Roman engines. At

tower

301

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

6 M.i6pLSdrov vi6"i, ^KpicaQiaf; /leO'erepa"; arpaSucr^^e^wsov oXiycov Tid"ie? MaKeSovlav i/i^aXcop, iKpaniae, kol MuKeBoTO)V ovTcov eKel 'Fcofiaicov

koI aarpdirai^; VTrrjydyero, vlav iraaav eTnTpe-\\r ix(opei, iirl SvWav tov avTo"; p^expt voarjaa"i irepl TO Tlaaiov ireXevrrjaev. ev he ttj ^ArriKfj Xifiov vtto TO) fiev darei Trouov/ievw iroXXd a(j)6Spa 6 IvXXa^ tou fir) hiahthpavtto tov fiaXXov aX"C ifx/jLevovTa"i ttX^Oov^ "vo)(X"La6ar 36. To) Se UeLpatel, to %w/"ta e? eyeipa^i, ua/to? Kp')(eXdov iirriyev. he to xcofia rd

eVeTet^i^e (f)povpLa,

cTKeLV

/jLTj^av^para
kov

viropvTTOVTOf;
e?

rrjp

TToXv hLaXav6dvovTO";, rb %wfta

re kol yfjv v7ro"^epovr6";

yevoixevrj"^ ol 'Vco/j-aloi Ta;)^eta9 alaO}]aea)"; dvekol rb %ft)yLta rd fXTjxO'VrjfiaTav"^eZ\Kov 8' avru" tw rpoiTM /cal avrol rrjv TrXrjpovv. yrjv 69 rd t"lxv TeKpiaipo/xevoLhidtpvrrov'dXXrjhopaacv XoL"; re avfJUTL'TrrovTe^ Kdrco ^L(f)eai kol hie/xdxovro. a/corwy eK CO? hvvarbv yjv ev p^et/309,

d^vw v(f)L^avev

Koi

ofiov

he

ravra

eyiyveTo,koi

6 %vXXa"^ dirb rcov

fiaa L iroXXol'^ rb Tet^o'^ e/cpioX"j^P'dTwvfirixavTi] KOTTei, fiexpi' /^e/90? avTov kuI rbv Kara^aXcov, e/jLTrpfjcraL, irvpyov e7reLy6/jievo"i TroXXd TrXTjaLa^ovra he avTOV, e? tou? jiev rjc^LEL TTupcpopa ro^ev/jLara airoveirl KXipdKwv. evToXfiordrov^;dveTrepLirev hi]"; he yiyvo/ievrj^; eKarepcoOev o re irvpyo's

Tet^^ou? oXlyov 6 XvXXa"i Kara^aXwv ev6v"^ eVecrTr^o-e (pvXaKelov dep^eXia, re ^vXoL"i viropaipvyp.eva rod Tet^ou? rd Oelov koX arvirTriov dpTjpr7)p,eva kol kol irLaar]^
Tt eveTTifjLTrpaTO, koX /xepo";

ttoXXt}?

toD

302

THE
the
same

MITHRIDATIC
son

WARS

of Mithridates, with chap. ^ another army invaded Macedonia and without diffiforce there, tlie small Roman culty overcame gated subjuthe whole country, appointed satraps to govern it,and himself advanced against Sulla,but was taken In the meantime Tisaeum. the sick and died near famine in Athens became very severe, and Sulla built fortsaround it to prevent anybody from going out, so that, by reason of their numbers, the hunger should severe be more thus shut in. upon those who were to the Battles Sulla had raised his mound 36. When proper heiglit,he advanced his engines against the Piraeus. But Archelaus undermined the mound and groi^d for a long time carried away the earth, the Romans Suddenly the mound sank suspecting nothing. down. things, the state of Quicklyunderstanding Romans the up the withdrew their engines and filled following the enemy's example, began mound, and, to dig a tunnel to a spot which they in like manner The diggers under the walls calculated to be just met each other underground, and fought there with ness. swords and spears as well as they could in the darkWhile this was going on, Sulla pounded the erected on the tops of the mounds wall with rams Then he hastened to until part of it fell down. burn the neighbouring tower, and discharged a large number of fire-bearingmissilesagainst it,and ordered his bravest soldiersto mount the ladders. Both sides Another fought bravely, but the tower was burned. thrown down also, over small part of the wall was stationed a guard-post. against which Sulla at once Having now undermined a section of the wall, so beams, he that it was only sustained by wooden placed a large quantity of sulphur, hemp, and pitch
time Arcathias, the

303

APPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

ye/jLOvra,avTLfca

jwv irdvra iueTrL/jLTrprf.

S' aXko

Trap* aXXo

KaTeirnrTe

koI
re

tou?

icpea-TMra^ aurolf;
Stj

ovro"i fxaXiara (TV'yKaTe^"pev. 66pv/3o"; Kol TToXv? cbv TTCLVTr] Tov"i reL')(p(^v\aK al"f)ViSLO'^
avriKa irdpaTT"v, o)? koI to viro a(j)icnv fievov 66 ev e? Trdvra avve-)(oi"^ ireaov-

eTna-rpecpo/jL
Kai

TTjV

re

VTrOTTTOV yVCOfJLTJV

dcrOevod'^ tov"^
37. Kal
0

5eou9 VTTO TOV eL')(pV iroXe/xLOVf;dire/jidxovTO.

XvX\,a"; aurot?
koI
tmv

/i6vo"; ttTraucr.ft)?,

wSe e^ovaiv iTrifceldel irovovv ihicov to

iirri'ye evaWdcracov, erepov^ e(f"TepoL"i dKfJL7JTa"; avv Kol (3ofj KoX TTapaKe\ev(Tei,'irpoTpeiT(ov K\L/x(t^t kol irapaKoXoiV co? ev rwhe tw afjba Kol direiXoLiv dvre^payel TOV 7ravTo"; aurol^; KpiOrja-Ofievov.

6 'Ap;!^e\ao? erepov^ avrl tcop redodvaKaiUL^wv fcaloBe to epyov deu,kuI pv07]fiev(ov, diravTa^ co? eV irapaicakwv d/xa Kal eTroTpvvwv
irrjye Se koI
"TL a(0T7]pLa^ ovcrr]";. ttoW^? cikiyw (T(f)iatv T"}? KOL S^ aiTovhr]'^ Trpodvpia"; efcaTcpcoOevav6L"; 6 kol diraaLv iyyevo/isvrjf; rjv

(f)6vo"; eincov, e^coOev

L(TO"; kol

(pepeTiov(OTaTO"^ efcuTepcov, eco? o SuXXa^; ojjlolo^

dveKaXei koX fiaWov tl Kdjjivcov, rrj 6avfjudora"; kol 7roWov"; adXTTiyyi tj]V arpaTidv, tcl ireiTTcodiTTjyev.6 S' 'A/3%eXao9 avrc/ca vvKTO"i
Kora

e^

TOV

avTOL"; /jirjVoeiSr] Tet%of? MKoho/jiet,

TroWd

6 SvXXa? v"oSfn]Toi"i evSoOev. ot? en irept.Oel'i daOevrj iTre-^eipei tw iravTi (TTpaTW, vojiiaa'^ avdL"; KOL Kdfivwv paBuco^ Karepei^eLv, vypd en ovra
304

THE

MITHllIDATIC

WARS

The chap. under it, and set fireto the whole at once. ^ here, now there carrying the dewalls fell now fenders down with them. This great and unexpected crash demoralized the forces guarding the walls everywhere, as each one expected that the ground Fear and lossof confidence would sink under him next. kept them turning this way and that way, so that they offered only a feeble resistance to the
" "

enemy. 37. Against the forcesthus demoralized Sullakept Suiia the up an unceasing fight,constantly relieving those of from his troops who were worn out, bringing up fresh Piraeus with ladders,one divisionafteranother, with soldiers shouts and cheers, urging them forward with threats them and encouragement at the same time, and telling was the crisis of the whole that this brief moment struggle. Archelaus, on the other hand, also brought He, forces in place of the discouraged ones. up new too, supported the attack continually with fresh troops, cheering and urging them on, and telling them that their salvationwould soon be secured. A high degree of zeal and courage was again excited in both armies, and Archelaus surpassed all others in approximately endurance, while the casualties were Finally Sulla, being the both on sides. equal exhausted, sounded a attacking party and the more retreat and led his forces back, praising many of for their bravery. Archelaus forthwith his men repaired the damage to his wall by night, protecting many parts of it with lunettes inside. Sulla attacked these in turn with his whole army while they were still still newly-built, thinking that as they were he demolish them, moist and weak could easily but as he had to work in a narrow space and was 305

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
Kai

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
"k re

Be

o)?

eV

(TTeva),
TOiV

IBaW6fJi.evo"^ avooOev

/jLdrCOTTOV Koi
Tov

iv fJ,r]V06lS"aL')(^0)pL KepaiOiV 6ii"s

HeipaLel 7rd/jL7rav aTrel^e
o)?

en rw fxev i7n')(^"ip"LV

rrj yvaypLT), koI

avTOv^, a6p,"vo"i

e?

TToXtopKiav,

Xt/Aw irapaarr]-

KaOiararo'
VI

CAP. VI

38. KlaOoaevo'^ Se ^
, V

tou?
/

aaXXov eV daret Vq/

,

ri

ireTneap.evov^,

kul

kttjvt]

iravTa

KarauvaavTa^,

hepfjiard re koI ^vpaa^;eyovrwi koX \ix/^(op'"i"ov"^ TO yiyvo/xevov e^avrCdv, Tiva"^ he koI tmv uTroOut]d7rTo/xepov"i, ifceXevae ro) arparq) rr]v (TKovTcov Xva /jirjBe ttoKlv KaO^ eva ri"; "kirepiTaippeveiv, he kol rovro \av6uvwv. ")? e^eipyaaro "pevyoi. to avTw, K\Lp,aKa"; eirriyev ofiov /cal rei^o? hicoS' co? ev dcrOeveaiv avSpdaiv pvTTCv. Tpoirrj"^
avTLKa

eaeireaev yei"o/jLev7]";,

e?

Tr)v

iroXiv,

koi

iroWr] rjv Kal dvr]\er)"i' a(f)ayr] idvvavTO Sa'dTpo(f)Lav, ovre ovre yap v7T0(f)"vy"iv %vXka tov ev tov Trachicop r) yvvaiKoov eXeo? ^j^,

"iOv"; ev

^AO/]PaL";

dvaipeli' ")? cttI Ke\evovTO"^ vir'' 6pyPi"i TTOorlv Ta'^^eia dXoyco hr) Kal e? ^ap(3dpov"i Kal Trpo^ /jLeTa^oXjj 66ev ol TrXeove^, auTov aKpuTO) (piXoveLKia. eavTov"^ Tol"iac^aalaOav6p.evottov KrjpvyfiaTO^;, to e? oXiycov 6' rjv yevaiv epyov. vTreppiTTTOvv ^ApiaTLCov dadevrj^e? T-qv aKpoirokiv hpopuo'^' Kal
avT0i"i
iva fir) e/x7rp7;cra?to (ohelov, avve(f)vyev, 6 XvXXa^ ^X^^ avriKa ^vXoi"; aKpoeTolpoL^i "^^^

6 S' epi.'mirpdvai jiev Tr]v ttoXiv hiapTrdcraLhe ehcoKe tw direlTre, crTpaTW' Kal
ttoXlv evoxXelv.

306

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

exposed to missiles from above, both in front and chap. flank, as usuallyhappens in attacking crescent-shaped he was again worn fortifications, out. Then he abandoned Piraeus by assaultand all idea of taking the in it to a order reduce it by established siege around famine.

VI
38. But when he discovered that the defenders of chap. Athens were very severelypressed by hunger, that boiledthe hides and taken'^ theircattle, they had devoured all skins,and lickedwhat they could get therefrom,and Sulla had even that some partaken of human flesh, to encirclethe citywith a ditch directedhis soldiers so that the inhabitants might not escape secretly, This done, he brought up his by one. one even time began to break through laddersand at the same soon the wall. The feeble defenders were put to flight, rushed into the city. A Slaughter and the Romans slaughter ensued in Athens. The great and pitiless for want of nourishment, were too weak inhabitants, to fly, and Sulla ordered an indiscriminate massacre, or children. He was angry that not sparing women the barbarians without they had so suddenly joined cause, and had displayed such violent animosity toward himself Most of the Athenians when they heard the order given rushed upon the swords of the slayers voluntarily. A few had taken their feeble to the Acropolis,among them Arisition, course who had burned the Odeum, so that Sulla might not have the timber in it at hand for storming the Acropolis. Sulla forbade the burning of the city, but allowed the soldiers to plunder it. In many

^J

hJhabit

307

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

eroLfJiOLcrdpKe"i avOpcoTrcove?
OLKrifJiaaivrfvpeOrjaav.

fiev SovXov^

oaoi airihoTO, tol"; S' e\ev6epOL";, ovfc vvKTO^i 67ri\a/3ova7]"; e^Oaaav avaipeOrjvaL, ovcriv oXijoL^;, rr^v fiev ekevOepiav irdfjurav e"j)r he kol ')(^"ipoToviav SiSovat, TMvSe fiev co? ^^rjc^ov ol TreTToXe/iirjKOTWv dcpaipelaOai,toI"^ 8' e"'yoj/ot? SiSovai. ravra /cal 39. '^ClSe 6 kukcov' p.ev dSr]pelxov al^AOijvac 8e SuXXa"? fiev aKpoiroXei eTrearrfcrev,

rfj efi}?

Se

iv rpo(^r]v
o

7roXXol"i
tov";

SuXXa?

y Kol

Tov

(ppovpav Xifia" fiTve^evyora^ ov SLyjrei i^ecXev TrieaOevTa'; fierd ttoXv. kol

^ApLaruMva
0 kol

t[]

tou?

(tv

avTcov

2tvXXa^

^ApLarlcova fiev

koI

701)9 iKelvco

'EXXaSo? VTTO hiereraKTO, avTot'i ifcoXaae Oavdro), rol"^ he dXXoL"; crvveyvco, kol dy')^ovtcov TrpoaOev avroL"; aTraaiv eOiiKev v6fiov"; 'Vcofiaiwv opiaOevrcov. viro (TvvijvexOv^' "K t?}? XiTpa"; fiev e? reaaapdKovra aKpoTToXecof;')(pvaiov kol fidXiara, dpyupov 8' e? e^aKocria'^;. rdSe fiev

nva Sopv(f}opi]cravTa"; dp^avTa";, rj dp-)(i')v rjoriovv dXXo irap' a irporepov dXovarj"; t?}? 7rpd^avTa"; 'VcofiaLcov

dfjL(j)l TTfv aKpoTToXiv

40. 'O

oXljov
avriKa tov

vcrrepov eyevero'

8e ^vXXa^

6evT0"^, ov irepipievwv en
KLa";

rod daTeo"; Xrjcf)Yleipatd Std iroXiopaKovria

ot hidipvaaov viro 'XeX(ovaL"; rd reix"h '^^'' cTTret'/ca? al to 1/9 eVI re rSiv reix^^ koI ro^evovaai aKOVTi^ovaai OapLvd dveKOTTTOV. /cal ri rod p-qvoeiKarr)peLy\re SoO?, vyporepov kol daOevearepov en oj'to? are Be rovro en irporepov vTTiSofxevov veohpijrou. ^Kpy^eXdov, Kal rrpooLKohofMrjaavro^ evBoOevofioia
re

dvSpa"i iirrfyev,

KpLov"^ ofiov e^eXelv,

kol Kal /SeXi]

7roXXov";

308

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

flesh prepared for food, chap houses they found human The next day Sulla sold the slaves. To the freemen who had escaped the slaughter of the previous night, he promised their liberty but a very small number, took away their rights as voters and electorsbecause they had made war upon him, though he granted their offspringthese privilegesalso. 39. In this way did Athens have her fill of horrors. Sulla stationed a guard around the Acropolis, to soon compelled whom Aristion and his company were He inflicted to by hunger and thirst surrender. the penalty of death on Aristion and his body-guard,

and upon all who exercised any authority or who had done anything whatever contrary to the rules laiddown for them after the firstcapture of Greece The rest he pardoned and gave by the Romans. laws that had to all of them substantiallythe same been previously established for them by the Romans. About forty pounds of gold and 600 pounds of silver was obtained from the Acropolis but these events at the Acropolis took place somewhat later. 40, As soon as Athens was taken Sulla,not waiting suiia brought [o\"hr any longer to reduce the Piraeus by siege, ^""^^"'^ and a large force of and missiles, up rams, projectiles men, who dug through the walls under the shelter and of pent-houses, and cohorts who hurled javelins defenders on in vast numbers at the the shot arrows He knocked walls in order to drive them back. down a part of the newly built lunette, which was Archelaus had anticipated stillmoist and weak. this from the first and had built several others like it
"

309

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Si,r)veKh /jL"v epyov Tjv toG ^vWa TToWd, TO S' ifiTriTTTOVTC e? erepov o/xoiov i^ erepov, 6p/j,fj
aTrauara)

Kot aTparov

to epyov TrapatcaXwv iirl KoX irepiOewvavroix;, fcal 6X7]"; o)? iv tmSc "Ti XoLTTO) eXmSo? koI KepBov^ Tr)? OVTO'^' ol he kol avrol tw T(bv 7rpo7r"7rovr)/jL"VO)V ovn TOVTO rjyov/jLevoLTeX,09 elvat irovwv, (Tcf"L(7iv o)? /leya St] koI Xapurpov, Koi e? TO epyov avro

ttv/cvtj ')(^poi[ievo" fieTaSoXfj

irpocrroiMvBe Tet^wz/ Kparrjcrai, "j)L\oTL/jLOVfjL"vo e/c"iVTO rrjv /3mt")9, fiexpi'fcarairXayeU avrcov Kal aXoyov i^ekLTrev opprjv 6 Apx^Xao"; w? /jLavicoSr] Il6ipaLco"i ra avT0L"; reL^r),e? Be tc tov aveBpa/xev o^vponTarov re Kal OaXdacrr)jrepLfcXvarov,u" vav"=; o SuXXa? ovK e%ft)i/ ovS' eTn^eipelv iBvvaro. 41. 'Evrev6ev 6 /xev 'Ap^eXao? eVl "ea-aaXiav ^epfioBlolBolcotmv dve^evyvv, kol e? auvrjyev ov Trai^TO?, TTuXa? TO, \oLira tov re ISlov arparov
^

"')((ov TjXde,KOL
T09.
TOV

TOV kol

(Tvv

Apo/jLCX^aLTTj Tvapayeyovocrvv

crvvTjye Be

to

^ApKaOta

too

ttulBI
kol ov

e? ^aKeBovlav ^acytkea)^ ep^aXov,uKpaicf)-

ov Br] Kal 7r\rjpe"i ToBe p^dXtaTa, direaTeiXev dXXov"; 6 ^liOpiBaTT]^ ov"; avTLKa 6 /xev Br) Tavra eTrtire/jLTrcov. yap BieXiiTev Heipaid avvrjyev, 6 Be ^vXXa"^ tov

vearaTov

(Tvv tov

eVet^ei
ao-Teo?

doiBipcov. Kal pera Bo/coTta? Kal Bid Ap-)(eKaov TOVT TOV eirl rjei Tr}"? dXXr]XoL"i,ol p,ev e'/c oBe. o)? 8' e7rXrjcrla(Tav
Kci)v
ovTe

evo^rjaavTu ol KaTeiripiTpri, tmv vecoaoiovTe ovtc 67rXoO^Kr]"; t?}9 (fyecBop^evo^;

p^aXXov
TLvof;
^

dXXov

tmv

310

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

that Sulla came upon one wall afterchap ^^ another, and found his task endless. But he pushed on often, with tireless energy, he relieved his men on he was and ubiquitous among them, urging them hope of reward for showing them that their entire their past labours depended on accomplishing this too, believing that small remainder. The soldiers, this would in fact be the end of their toils,and spurred to their work by the love of glory and the thought that it would be a splendid achievement

inside,

so

to

conquer such walls as these, pressed forward at vigorously. Finally, Archelaus, dumbfounded like to the assault seeing them rush recklessly to them and mounted maniacs, abandoned the walls to hurriedly that part of the Piraeus which was most strongly fortified and enclosed on all sides by As Sulla had no ships he could not even the sea.
.

attack it. 41 Thence Archelaus withdrew to Thessaly by way He drives of Boeotia and gathered what was left of his entire Archelaus forces together at Thermopylae, both his own and Dromichaetes. He by brought those also united his had invaded the army that command under Macedonia under Arcathias, the son of King Mithridates,which was fresh and at nearly itsfullstrength, and the recently arrived recruits from Mithridates, ceased sending reinforcements. While who never hastily gathering his forces Sulla Archelaus was burned the Piraeus,which had given him more trouble than the city of Athens, not sparing the Arsenal, or the navy yard, or any other of its famous buildings. Then he marched against Archelaus, proceeding also by way of Boeotia. As they neared each other the forces of Archelaus were just crossing from Ther-

3"

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

SepfioTTvXcbv apri /jLerexf^pow e? rrjv ^(dklSu, SpaK""; re 6vt""; Uovrov kol "^KvOai kol airo rov TaXdrac kol Kal K^aTTTraSoKaL J^lOvvol re kol 0/)i;7e9, KOL
yevoLTO,
oaa

Trai/re?

e?

dWa t" MLdptBdrr) veoKrrjra ScoBe/ca dvhpoiv kol fjLvpLd8a";

avrcov fiev koI Kara /iepo"; arparrjyol eKdarw, rjaav *A/j;^eXao9 5* 2u\,Xa9 3' avTOKpdrcop eVt iracnv. r) MaKehovcov oaoi riyev ^IraXtdyraf;, koX 'FjWtJvcov diro ^Apx^Xdov pererlOevrOy dpTL 7rpo"; avTov rj ei Tt dWo ra ovS'e? TpirrjjjLopiov Trdvra ireploiKOV, TWV

TToXe/XLCOV. ^ 42. AvTiKaTa(TTdvr""; 8'

o fjiev 'Ap^taWTjXo;?,

\ao";

"^t' e? fid^Vi^ i^eTarrev

6 Be 7rpoKa\ov/iievo";,
to

ra XvX\a"; i/SpdSvre, %ft)/3i'a Kal

rwv 7rXrj6o";

dva-)(wpovvTL 8* 6? e-^Opwv irepLaKoirovp^evo^. XaX/ft8a Tw Ap-)(e\dfp irapatcoXovOoiV Katpov he avrov co? eTrerripei Kal toitov. elSe irepl ^aipcoveiav ev dTroKprjpivoi^ arparoTreBevofievov, dirox^^^P'^N'-'^ evda fir) Kparovaiv ovBejxia r)v,
^

avro^ evpu irehiov rjyev")? Kal aKovra

TrXr^Giov

eV"vOv"^ KuraXa^cbv ^^PX^~ e? /.id^V^ ^laao/ievo^

vtttlov

""; Kal euirere^; ^Apy^eXdo)Be Blco^lv yv ireBuov, Kal dvay(^d}priaLV eccov ev TrepieKeivTO, ot to epyov ovk Kpr]/jLvol arpajov ouBevl Koivbv oXov rou yeveaOai, avarrjvai Bia ttjv dvcopbaXiavovk ey^ovro'^' Tpairelai diTopo"=i Bid re rcov avrol^ Kpi-jpivoyv eylyvtro t) Brj 6 Xoyt(Tp.ol^ ^vyr). fiev ry Bva-)((Dpia roiocaBe eirrjei w? /judXio-raTriarevcov, ovBev earopevov XP^Wipov Tov ttXyjOov^Ap)(eXd(p' 6 8'ovk eyvwKei

\aov'

ev

(p

p,ev (T(f)iaL

312

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

mopylae into Phocis, consisting of Thracian, Pontic, chap. ^^ Scythian, Cappadocian, Bithynian, Galatian, and Phrygian troops, and otiiersfrom Mithridates'newly acquired territory,in all about 120,000 men, each having but its own Archelaus nationality general, being in supreme command over all. Sulla'sforces Greeks and Macedonians, who Italians were and some to him, had latelydeserted Archelaus and come over and a few others from the surrounding country, but in all not one-third the number they were of the

enemy. 42. When they had taken position opposite each other, Archelaus repeatedly led out his forces and offeredbattle,but Sulla hesitated on account of the ever When howground and the numbers of the enemy. Archelaus retreated toward Chalcis he followed him closely, watching for a favourable time and he saw the enemy encamped in a place. When rocky region near Chaeronea, where there was no Battle of chance of escape for the vanquished, he took posses-S.c^^8 by and led on his forces, sion of a broad plain near intending to compel Archelaus to fight whether he wanted to or not, and where the slope of the plain favoured the Romans either in advancing or retreating, in by Archelaus hedged was rocks which while would in no case allow his whole army to act in concert, as he could not bring them together by reason of the unevenness of the ground ; and if they were routed their flightwould be im})eded by the rocks. Relying for these reasons chiefly on the difficulty of his adversary's position, Sulla moved forward, judging that the enemy's superiority in laus numbers would not be of any service to him. Archehad not intended coming to an engagement at

VOL.

IL

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

^ev

Sto kcu d/iekM^ t6t6 (TV/jLTrXeKecrdai-, Be rjhrj iaTparoTriBeva-ev, einovTO^ Trj";Sutr^copta?

avTU) kol oy^re

ytioyf? rjaddpero, koI

e?

TrpovirefXTreriva^

tTTTrea?

KcciXvcnv

avrov.

rpaiTevTwv

S' eKelvoiv

Kpr)/jLvov"; KoX e? Tou? e^rJKOvra KaTappLcjidivrcov, dp/iara, el Bvpulto fiera pv/ir]^; avOc^ eirepLy^ev

Be rSiV 'Fw/xaLoyv,to. fxev appbara vtto SiacrrdvTcov 69 Tov^ T779 "f)opd'i oiria-Q} irapevex^evra re kol ovra vaTaroyv BvaeTriaTpoc^a irepu7rpb";rcov kol Bie^OeipeTO' ardvrwv avra ecraKOvn^ovTcov 43. 'OS' ^Apx^^cLO^Bvvrjdel^ kol av w? o-tto rod
Td)(a ol ')(dpaKO^ evaraOa)"; aTrofidx^crOaL,
Tcov avv
kol

kol Biapprj^ai, Tr]v ^aXayya tmv Koyjrai

TTokejJLiwv.

Kpr]/ivcov e?

tovto

roaovBe koX Bieraaae fierd airovBrj^^ eirei^eL dvBpcop,ev arevayrdrw ttXtjOo^ ov irpoeyvwKOTwv %vWav rfBr) yeyovco"i Bia top fxaXiara TrXriaid^ovra. rov"i 8' iTTTrea? tt/jcotou?eirayaycav pLerd 'PcopLULcov BpopLov iroWov, Bierepbe rrjv (pdXayya Bid Bvo, KOL 69 evpLupo)^ eKaTepov"; eKVKXovro rrjv oXtyoTrjTa. ol B'direp^d^ovro piev eyKparSi^, e? 8' eirovovv pidXiara irdvTa^

avWapi^avovTwv,e^rjye

eTnarpe^opbevoL,
re tcov

ol ireplVdX^av
arpaTrjyov
Toi) avv

Kal 6 ^Apx^Xao^ ireraKTO,

'Opr^cnov, KaO*
^ap^dpwv

01)9avTo"i
ev

")9

oy^ei

avv "9 avrov"; pLeTa')(oypovvTO'^ pie^pi linrevaL iroWol';, 6 'Ap;)^eA.ao9diro rcov aTjpelcov aj partly LKOiv ovrcov Kal rod Kovioprov irXeiovo^ reK.pur^pdpuevo'^ alpopievov elvai"^vWav rov einovra,

%vX\a

irpoOvpiia, cr^oBpa

iiTtKeLpLevcov,

314

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

he had been careless in chap. that time, for which reason Now that the choosing the place for his camp. Romans were advancing he perceived gradually and too late the badness of his {)osition, and sent forward The a detachment of horse to prevent the movement. detachment was put to flightand shattered among the rocks. He next charged with sixty chariots, hoping to sever and break in pieces the formation of the legions by the shock. The Romans opened their carried through by their ranks and the chariots were
own

momentum
were
rear

to the

surrounded guard. of the 43. Although Archelaus might even so have offered his fortifiedcamp, where a steady resistance from the crags would perhaps have helped him, he hastily had not led out his vast multitude of men who expected to fight here, and drew them up hurriedly, finding himself in a very confined position owing to the fact that Sulla was already approaching. firstmade a powerful charge with his horse, He formation in two, and, by reason cut the Roman rounded of the smallness of their numbers, completely surRomans both parts. The turned their faces to the enemy on all sides and fought bravely. The divisions of Galba and Hortensius sufferedmost, son, since Archelaus led the battle against them in perfighting barbarians the the eye of under and to by were the the commander emulation spurred highest pitch of valour. But Sulla moved to their aid with a large body of horse and Archelaus, feeling Sulla who was sure that it was approaching, for he
saw

turn

to and being difficult and destroyed by the javelins

rear,

the standards of the commander-in-chief, and a great cloud of dust arising, abandoned the attempt

3^5

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
KVKXcoaiv
to

HISTORY,
e?

BOOK

XII

Xvcra^

TT)v

koI hvo venXei'; ciyrev, irerdxciTO at ev irapohcoTrpoaXa/Scov, aireipa^; rfj

avey^copei. tcl^lv

6 he

Tcbv re

LTTirecdv

apLcrrov

ovirco i(f)eSp"veiv,

rov

kvkXov

tol";

7ro\"fiiOL"i

fxeTOiirov evaraOax; BLarerayre ivi/SaXe, koI e? koI Oopv/Srjaa^ fxivoL^;, 6K0-\^e

i^eXi^acriv, ovS* e?

iBlcoKev. evravOa Tpa7rivTa"; ap^ajievrj'^ (jivyrjv

y\.ovpr)va"^ rjXivveveiri rov
Xaiov

5'

6veihi(Ta"; avrov kol rot? Teray/xeVo?,aX\! a/x0' yevvaiw^ i/jLTreacbv ehiwKe Kaicelvo^. ^ApxeXdov Kepwv, S' ijBr) TpeTTO/jievcov tmv 44. dXX^ dOpoa icpvXacrcrov, ouS* ol jJLeaoi rrjv rd^LV Stj irdvTa oaa rrdvTwv eylyveTO ^vyrj.evOa rot? TroXeyu-tot?"ov etKaaev 6 XvXXa";,eveTmne
yap

VLK')]";, ovhe T?)?

iiriyLyvd)rd eavTcov Bieppififievoi, w? ev d/coa/xw a-KOVTe"; ')(^wplov rpoirfj diropovvTe'^, arevwkul re Koi 69 e? P'd)(r)v (j)vyr)V yevo/judXiaraavrol^ Bid Tr)v Blw^lv rdrov rore fxevov, eKTeivovTO jxer dpyLa"i,ol fxev viro rcov ol Be vtto ovBev dvriBpdaaL "pddvovTe";, iToXeixiwv, ev avTWV co? TrXrjOei koI arevo')((opLa (r(f)MV Oopv/Sov/xevoL. eVl rd"; irdXiv re Karicpvyov 7rvXa"i, /calelXovvro irepX avrd^ i7n/MefjL"l)
ovre
ra

dvacnpo^rjv evpv^copov ovSe ireBiov Slcokovtmv viro twv e? eVl tou? Kpr]fivou"i (j)vy7]v, avrov, KOL avTMV icoOovvTO, irpo^; ol fiev i^eTTLTTTOv e? ro crrparoTreSov i(j)epovr ol S' ev^ovXorepov 8' auTov"; ^Ap'^iXao"; aTreLporaTa Bi-j nrpoXa^diV, Tore iroXeixLKwv, direKXeie, fidXtara crv[X(^opo)v e? roix; iroXe/JLLovsCKeXevev, ol KoX eTTicrT pe"^eLV Be oure 8' dvia-rpecfioi/ fiep eK TrpoOuju-la^, arpaTT)en eirLCFTaToyv e? Bidra^LV a"pLcrL irapovTcov, ywv rj
e^ovre^ arjfjielae/cacrTOi

316

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

his first chap and began to resume ^ position. Sulla, leading the best part of his horse and picking up on his way two new cohorts that had before been placed in reserve, struck the enemy they had executed their manoeuvre and formed a solid front. He threw them into confusion, broke Archeiaus ^^" ^ their lines,put them to flight,and pursued them. While victory was dawning on that side,Murena, who the left wing, was not idle. Chiding commanded for their remissness he, too, dashed upon his soldiers the enemy valiantly and put them to flight. 44. When Archeiaus' two wings gave way the longer held its ground, but fled in centre no seen Then everything that Sulla had forea body. to turn Not having room befell the enemy. around, or an open country for flight,they were driven by their pursuers among the rocks. Some of them rushed into the hands of the Romans ; others camp. wisdom fled toward their own with more Archeiaus placed himself in front of them and barred the entrance, and ordered them to turn and face the enemy, thus betra3ing the greatest inexperience of They obeyed him with the exigencies of war. but as they no longer had either generals to alacrity, lead, or officersto align them, nor were able to recognize their several standards,scattered as they in disorderlyflight, were either to and had no room being then more fly or to fight, cramped than ever killed without owing to the pursuit, they were by the enemy, upon whom they resistance, some had no time to retaliate, and others by their own friends in the crowd and confusion. Again they fled toward the gates of the camp, around which they were pent, upbraiding the gate-keepers. They
to encirclethe enemy

317

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

deoix;re TrarpLov^ avTOi^ fcal airoicXeiovaLV. w? rrjv aW7]v oiKeLorrjra avv oveiheLirpov^epov, VTTO TOiv ex^pMV fiaSXov i) OL';^ TOJvSe virepopcovT(ov avTov"; avrol"=;6 avaipovfievoi, eare fi6XL";
T0t9

*Ap)(eXao";,

ra^ avewyvv 7rv\a"; ')(^p"ia";, rrj^; o-v/re iarpe-^ovTaf;. ol Se Koi vireBe-^ero per ara^ia^; 'Fcop^aloi
ravra

T0T6

p^aXiara

ical TrapaKaXeoravre^ (rvvtBovre^;, dWT]\ov"^y Sp6p,(p rot?

crrparo'iTeSov, koX rrjv

(^ev'yovo
vlktjv e?

(TweaeirL'TTTOv

e? to

Te\o";

i^eLpydcravTO.
koX
octol

45. 'Ap^e/Vao9 8e
"k

aWot

Kara

XaX/ctSa e? i^"(f)v"yov,
7r\"Lov"; p,vpiwv

(TweKeyovro,

ov

pbepo"^ ttoXv

ScoScKa /xvpidScov jevofievot. 'Fcop^aicovoe p,6v aTroOavelv irevTeKaiheKa eho^av hvo 5' avrwv dvSpe";, fiev Si] e7ravr]\0ov. rovro 'EvWa KoX 'A/j^eXaw rw MtOptSdrou crrparriya) Te\o9 yv, Si ev^ovTrepl Xaipcoveiav fiu'^rif; T?)? 'Ap%eSl d(f)poavvr)v koiXiav Si]p,d\tara ^vWa Si^XXa? Se Xdov TOLovSe eKarepw yevojxevov. 5' oirXcov Koi iroWoiv ttoWmv p.ev al^p^aXcoTOJV \e'ia'^Kparcov, rd p,ev d\pela awpevOevTa, Sia^wiveTrprjae ")? e^o? eVrl 'P(op.aiOL";, avTo"^ crdpLevo"; Se rr]V arpaTidv Oeol^, dva7rav(Ta"; TOt? ivvaXLOL"; eir eVl rov oXiyov,e? tov ^vptirov avv ev^covoL"; 'Vcofxalwv Se vav"; ov/c eyov^Apx^Xaov TjirelyeTO. rwv, vrjaov; TrepieTrXei rd irapdXia aSeco? Ta? 8' "LaKvvQtp irapearparoireSevaev. iropOwv. eK^d^; 'Fcofiaicov, iTreSrjp^ovv, einOertvcov ot Kol vvKrb"; Kara puevwv avTM, rd^o^ "a^d";avOi"; dvqyero ^aXKiSa, Xrjarevovri fidXXov rj TToXefiovvTL e? ioiKco^.
318

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

reminded them reproachfulyof their country's gods chap ^^ saying that they were relationship, and their common by the swords of the slaughtered not so much by the indifference of their friends. as enemy delay than was Finally Archelaus, after more organised necessary, opened the gates and received the disthe Romans observed runaways. When this they gave a great cheer, burst into the camp and made their victorycomplete. with the fugitives, 45. Archelaus and the others that escaped in scat- Oroat together at Chalcis. Not oUhe tered detachments, came more than 10,000 of the 120,000 remained. The i^arbarians Roman losswas only fifteen, and two of these returned afterwards. Such was the result of the battle of Chaeronea between Sulla and Archelaus, the general of Mithridates, to which the sagacity of Sulla and the blundering of Archelaus contributed in equal Sullacaptured a large number of prisoners measure. the useless and a great quantity of arms and spoils, part of which he put in a heap. Then he girded himself according to the Roman custom and burned After giving his to the gods of war. it as a sacrifice army a short rest he hastened against Archelaus at light-armed troops,but as the the Euripus with some had no ships the latter sailed securely Romans the islands and ravaged the coasts. He among landed at Zacynthus and laid siege to it,but being attacked in the night by a party of Romans who were there he re-embarked in a hurry and sojourning like a pirate than a returned to Chalcis more soldier.

319

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
VII

BOOK

XII

CAP.

8' eVet 46. Mt^/9tSaTr;9 rjrrri";iirvOeTO, ToarjaBe fiev avri/ca kol eSeLcrev009 eVt epyco KareirXd'y't'i airo tmv vir ToaovTO), aWrjv arpariav 8' o/jLco'?
avrov

avveXeyev. aTrovSrjv eOvoiv aTrdvrwv Kara Sid rrjv rjrrav rj vvv, v/ vofJLiaa^;5' dv Tiva"^ avrw "i Tiva tou? evpoiev, Kaipov dWov
L'TTOTTTOU?
01

TToXe/xov, dveXeyero.
Tcov oaoi rerpdp)(a"i,
0(701

einO^aeadaiy 7rdvTa"iTrplvo^vrepov yeveaOaL tov

Koi irpwra
re
avrw

fiev

rov";
o)?

Ta\a-

avvrjaav
TTtti/ra?
tmv

(jilXo
fierd

Kol

firjKaTTjKovov
KOL

avTOv,

"XT"iv"

SiacpvyovyvvaiKwv rpioiv %a)/3i9 TraiScov Twv, toi)? S' eVl roh fiev eveopa^ iiTLTre/jLyjra';,
hiairr] ov)( riyovfjuevo^avrcov fj,id"; vvkt6";,
01

ovSeva

SvWa^y eaeaOat. ^e^aiov, el irXrja-idaoi

ra?
kol

S' uvtmv repiad/jievo"; iafjyev e? ra? TroXei?,

a"f)"irepLovaia'i, "^povpd"

aarpdirr^ve? to edvo^ Kv/xaxov ov avrUa rcov rerpapxcov oi eTrefiylrev Bia(f"vy6vTe";, arpariav dyeupavre^ diro rcov dypa)v, SicoKovre"i Ik Va\aria"i. avral"^ ^povpal^ e^e^aXov Ta\aroiv e)(eiv irepLrjV rd XPVP'Ci'^ci Kol yiiOpLharrj
de

fjLova. Xto/?
rr)V

i^ /jl7]vl(ov

ov

ri"^

avroiv

vau";

e?

iv ^aaikiKrjV rf} irepX 'VoSov lavixaxia,

XaOovaa rrpwra fiev iB^/juevae rd ovra eve/3a\e, S' Xioi"i rol^ e? IvXXav (jyvyovaLv, ef^? eVe/xTre ip"vvr](70uevov"; iv Xlw. rov"; rd 'Pco/jLaicov Kal dywv e? 009 crrparidv riiv'KWdha rpirov Zrjvo^io'^ X.lcoi', dXXa rcov Bia^aXcov, kuI oaa rd reixv

epvfivd x^P^^'
320

'^V'^ vvKro"^

KareXa^e, Kal ral^

jxev

tol/? iKrjpvacie rrrvXai'i (ppovpdv e7riarijaa"i

THE

MITHKIDATIC
VII

WARS

Mithridatesheard of thisgreat disaster chap. ^" he was astonishedand terror-stricken, as was natural. Nevertheless, he proceeded with allhaste to collect a from new his army nations. Thinking Mithridates all subject that certain persons would be likelyto turn against him on account of his defeat, or later, if either now find a he they should good chance, arrested all before war become fiercer. the suspects should First, he put to death the tetrarchs of Galatia with their wives and children,not only those who were but those who were not united with him as friends, his all except three who escaped. Some subjects one of these he took by stratagem, the others he sIcav a banquet, forhe believed none that night at of them be faithful him to Sulla come if near. would should He confiscatedtheir property,establishedgarrisons in their towns, and appointed Eumachus satrap of had the nation. But the tetrarchs with who escaped forthraisedan army from the country people,expelled him and hisgarrisons, so and drove them out of Galatia, that Mithridateshad nothing left of that country except the money he had seized. Being angry with the inhabitants had of Chios,ever since one of theirvessels run accidentally against the royal ship in the naval battlenear Rhodes, he first the goods of confiscated all Chians who had fled to Sulla,and then sent persons to inquirewhat property in Chios belonged to Romans. In the third place, his general,Zenobius, who was conducting an araiy to Greece, seized the walls of Chios and all the fortified places by night, stationedguards at the gates,and made proclamation that all strangersshould remain quiet,and that the
"

46. When

fni'dty

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

^ivovf; arpejielv,^iov"ihe e? eKKXTjalavorvveXOelv, rt avTOL"; ft)? BLoXe^ofxevo^ Trapa rod ySacriXeco?.

rov ^aaiXeu)^' ypdyp-ovro^ ^ETTKTToXr]

on v'ttotttov ^acn\"v"i eVel Se avv7]Xdov, eke^ev Be Travcrerat eyei T7jv TTokiv Sia tol'9 f)Q)fjuii!^oi"Ta"i, eav TrauBcov koI opLt^patmv rd re oirXa irapaBcore Brj dpidTOV^. ol ixev TOL'9 KaTet\t]/jLfievT]v a^cov 6pwvTe"; rrjv iroXiv koX Zr]v6^L0"i eBoaav dp-cfiO), Xto"9 'EpL'^pa? T0t9 co? avriKa avrd "9 e^eTrep^yjrev

47.

"

ovaa'

evvov

kol

Be riKe MidpiBdrov rdBe Xeyiare 'Pcojj.aLoi'^, wv en vvv

kol to, TToXXol irap^ eKeivoi^ elcrl, e"yKTi]iJ. dvachepovre^. 'PcojjLalcov ovk KapirovaOe, tj/mv ev re e? ry irepl 'VoBov vavrrjv ijirivvavv

v/ierepa Tptrjpr]"i IMi')(jia

eve^aXe re kol KareeKcov o 69 aeiaev. rov"; eyco iTepie"^epov fi6vov"; koX dyairdv. el BvvaiaOe aco^ecrOai KV^epvrjTa^,
Be
koI
vvv

XavOdvovre^

tov^

dpiarovf; vfiojv
avrwv

"9

XvXXav
diro
rjv.
Tov

kol BLeTre/jL-ylrare, ovBeva KOLvov ravra

co?

ovk

irpdrrovra
ov

eveBel^are

o tmv ays' ifirjvvcraTe,

crvpiTreiTpaxonov epyov

Bl"j')(l\i(dv /lev ?/ eiricnoXri TaXdvTOJvy Toaavra irpeaTrepielyev,ol 8' e^ovXovro/xev "9 avrov Be KaraKa"XvovTO"i re ^evaai,Zr]vo^iov orrXwv dpicTTMV kol d^rjpripievoLy iraiBcdv aiplaitmv ixop'evMV, (TTpaTia"^ re /Sap/SapLKrj'^ roaavTrj^;
,

dp')(f] ififj fxev rfj eiri^ovXevovTa'^ Be koI tw acop-an, ol puev e/xol "7ri^ovXevaavTa"; S* vfilv npLMfiai ehiKalovv diroOavelv, eyo) (f)iXot
T0U9
ovv

Bcatmv irdvTa "9 to 7rXijpMp,a ft)9 Be Koi tuvt ')(LXiMVToXdvTMV avvccpepov.

TMV

e/c re lepojv Koap^ov^ olp^co^ovTe^; e(f)eaT(oa7]";,

koI

to,

yvvaiKMv

322

THE
Chians

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

should repair to the assembly so that he chap ^^^ might give them a message from the king. When they had come together he said that the king was account of the Roman suspicious of the city on faction in it,but that he would be satisfied if they and give the children of would deliver up their arms families hostages. Seeing that as their principal their city was already in his hands they gave both. Zenobius sent them to Erythrae and told the Chians that the king would write to them directly. from Mithridates, saying : " You 47. A lettercame favour the Romans even now, and many of your You are citizens are with them. still sojourning lands in Chios, on reaping the fruitsof the Roman Your trireme percentage. which you pay us no ran against and shook my ship in the battle before I willingly imputed that fault to the pilots Rhodes. alone, hoping that you would consult the interests of Now you have secretly your safety and rest content. to Sulla, and you have never sent your chief men proved or declared that any of them acted without not your duty if you were public authority, as was friends Although my co-operating with them. consider that those who are conspiring against my government, and have already conspired against my person, ought to suffer death, I condemn you to pay a fine of 2000 talents." Such was the purport of the letter. The Chians wanted to send legates to the Dismay king, but Zenobius would not allow it. As they "^ ^^^"^^ disarmed and had given up the children of were their principal families, and a large barbarian army in possession of the city, was they collected, with loud lamentations, the temple ornaments and all the to complete the amount women's jewellery of 2000

323

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

rov iTreTrXyjpcoTO, alTLaad/jL"vo"; e? TO Oearpov avTov"^ Zriv6^co"i

cnadfiov ivBelv 6 avveKoXei, koX ti]v

arpariav
TO

Oearpov avrb koX ra"; arn avrov iJi^XP^ ''"% Xtou?, OakdadT}^ 6Bov"; dvi"TTa"; eKaarov tou? rjye i/crod Oearpov, koI iveTiOero e? Ta? I'aO?,erepcodL 5' avrcov ra /i"P TOL/? dvhpa";, yvvata kol erepcoOi. dyovroiv ra tmv viro ^ap^apcKWi; iraihia, vp/Si^odvdairaaroL S' ivrevOev e? MtOpLSdrrjv fieva. Hovtov top FwSL"7r"fi(f)6r)aav e? toz^ j"v6/jLevoL

re Trepiarrjaa'i pLsra "yv[iv(f)v ^Kpcop afi^i

^eivov.
48. Kal

Xtcit [lev wSe "7re7rpd')(^e"Tav, Zrjvo^tov Be ^Fipeaioi, a-rpaTLcorayv Trpoaiovra eKeXevov jjcerd re irapa ral'^TruXat? koX avv oXlyoii; e^oirXidaaOai icreXOelv. 6 S' VTrearrj /xev raura, kol earfkde ^iXoTTOifxeva MovL/jLrj"; tov 7rpo"; epcoirarepa rrji; ifc MLOpiSdrov, 'E(t)ecrLCi)v Midpc/jLevr)(; eiriaKoirov Sdrov /caOecrrrjKora, koI avveXOelv ol tou? ^Ecf^ealov"; e"? eKK\r]aiav ol Se ovBev ')(^prj(TTOv

eKtjpvTTev.

e? TrfV eizLoxxjav iTpo(jBoKOiVTe"^ dveOevTO, kol vvKTo"i dWrjXov^ dyeipavre"; re Kal BeafiwTrjpLov to fiev TrapaKaXea-avre^;, Z)jv6/3lov

eaeadai irap

avTOv

eV

Kal rd relyr)Karelyov, koX dyp6)v TO eK ra roiv GVveXo'yi'C^ovkol ir\ri6o"i avveXeyov, Kal rrjv iroXiv 0X0)9 Bid ^(eLpo^el^ov. TpaXXcavol Kal 'TTraLTrrjvol wv TTvvOavofievoL Kal dXXoi, ISlecroiroXlrai ^lcov TLve"^ Kai rd irddr] SfStoT69, 6/jLOLa yiiO TOL"; 'E(/)eo-60i9 eBpwv. piBdrrjfi S' eVl fxev rd d^earr^Kora crrparidv e^eireinre, Kal Beivd Beiaa^ rov"i Xa/Ji^avojLb"VOV"i iroXXd Kal eBpa' Be rreplto?? Xolttol^ Ta? TroXet? Ta? 'EXX7]mBa"; rjXevdepov,Kal XP^^^ d7roK07rd"i avrol^

ejjL^aXovre^

ercreivav,

eKrjpvaae

324

THE
talents. When

MITHRIDATIC
this sum

WARS

had been made up Zenobius chap moned accused them of giving him short weight and sumhe Then them to the theatre. stationed his army with drawn swords around the theatre itself and along the streets leading from it to the sea. Then he led the Chians one by one out of the theatre and separate from the women put them in ships,the men and children,and all treated with indignity by their dragged to barbarian captors. Thence they were Mithridates, who sent them to the Euxine. Such was the calamity that befellthe citizens of Chios. Zenobius approached Ephesus with his Terror of 48. When at cities of army, the citizens ordered him to leave his arms ^^ in with only a few attendants. the gates and come He obeyed the order and paid a visit to Philopoefather of Monima, the favourite wife of men (the whom the latterhad appointed overseer Mithridates), the Ephesians to the of Ephesus, and summoned assembly. They expected nothing good from him, day. till the next the meeting and adjourned During the night they met and encouraged one another, after which they cast Zenobius into prison and put him to death. They then manned the walls, organized the population, brought in supplies from the country, and put the city in a state of complete defence. When the people of Tralles, Hypaepa, ing fearMesopolis,and several other towns heard of this, lest they should meet the fate of Chios, they followed the example of Ephesus. Mithridates sent an army against the revolters and inflictedterrible he captured, but as he punishments on those whom feared other defections,he gave freedom to the Greek cities, proclaimed the cancelling of debts, 325

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^^^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

iv CKaaTj] fieroiKov^ TroXtra? avroiv iXevdepov^, ek'iriaa'=; Kol rov^; 6epd'7TOUTa"i eTToiei avvrjvexOrj,toi/? Kardxp^cof; Koi oirep Br) kol iv a6T0LK0V(; KoX depdirovTa^;,r)yov/jLevov"; rfj BoOivra ra MidpiSaTOV dpxfl/Be/Saiw^i avroh he koi Myvvtcov avrw evvov"^ yev^jaeadai,. e^eiv, 'Actkol K.\"ia6evr]"i S/jLvpvatoi koi "Pi.\6Tt,/jL0";
Koi
rov";
'

ol 01 AeajBiOi, ^aatXel yvcopLfioL 7^a^Te?, KXriTTLoBoTO^ irore, kol avrov AaKXTjirioBoTO'^ o Be ^evayrjaa^ iirl rov MLOpLBdrrjv avveTiOeaav' r}^ ein^ovXrjv iyevero, kol e? 6 AaK\rj7rL6BoTO"; avTo"; /jL')'}vvTr]"; d/covaai VTTO iriaTLv Kkivr] TLvX irapeaKevaaev M.vvvio)vo"i.d\ovar]"; Be tt}?eVt/SofX-^? Tou ol S' e? ra p,ev alKtadevre^ iKoXuadrjaav, viro^la 6/jLOia TToXXoL'? Karelyev. o)? Be koli n.epjafjL7]va)v dvBpe^ edXwaav, TCL avra ^ov\evovT6"i o-yBorjKovra 6 MiOpiKoX iv dX\aL";TTokeaiv erepoL, ^rjrrjTdf; i^Opov^; ol, Bdrrjf; rov"i iravraxpv TrepLeTre/jiTrev, rov"; ^j^tXtou? ivBecKviivTcov d/jxpl eKdarcov,eKreivav
^

ol KaTr]yop7]"Tavr6"; ov TToXu vcrrepov ol jxev vtto SuXXa Xr^^^ei^rf BL"(f)6dpy]crav, ol B' i"i ol Be irpoavelXov eavrov'^, MLdptBdry TiovTOV avTw rov avve^evyov. 49. ViyvofJbevwvBe tmvBb ireplryv ^Aalav, oktco M-LOptBdry, kol arparo^i rjdpoiaro tw /jLvpidBo)v AopvXao^ avrov irpof; 'Ap^^Xaov rjyev e? rr}v 'EXXaSa, exovra rcov Trporepcov en ^ivpiov^. o Be Si^XXa? dvrearparoireBeve fiev ^Apx^'Xdo) irepl Xttitov to i'rreXdovarj'i ^Opxofjievov, ")? Be elBe tj"}? TroXXa? dvd to ireBiov, copvaae rd(j)pov"i irXr)6o"^y ^Apx^rov avra" "vpo"; BeKa iroBa^, koX iiriovrof; Be T"v 'Pco/jLaiayv d(Tdevco"; Xdov dvriTrapera^ev.
Kol
326

k^aKoaLov"=; avBpa"i.

wv

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

chap. of citizenship to all sojourners gave the ri_"jjht ^^^ therein^and freed the slaves. He did this hoping indeed it turned that the debtors, (as sojourners, out) secure and slaveswould consider their new privileges fore only under the rule of Mithridates, and would therebe well disposed toward him. In the meantime Conspiracy Mynnio and Philotimus of Smyrna, Cleisthenesand Asclepiodotus of Lesbos, all of them the king's MrthSdat had once intimates (Asclepiodotus entertained him

conspiracyagainst Mithridates. this conspiracy Asclepiodotus himself laid information, and in order to confirm his story he arranged that the king should conceal himself under a couch and hear what Mynnio said. The plot being thus revealed the conspirators were put to death with torture, and many otherssufferedfrom suspicion of similar designs. When eighty citizens of Pergamus were caught taking counsel together to like purpose, and others in other cities,the king sent denounced their personal spies everywhere who lost their enemies, and in this way about 1600 men lives. Some of their accusers were captured by laterand put to death,others committed Sullaa little others took refuge with Mithridates suicide, and still in Pontus. himself 49. While these events were taking place in Asia, Ba"^tieof OrchoMithridatesassembled an army of 80,000 men, which Dorylaus led to Archelaus in Greece, who still had former his force 10,000 of remaining. Sulla had a Archelaus Orchomenus. near taken positionagainst When he saw the great number of the enemy's horse coming up, he dug a number of ditches through the plainten feet wide, and drew up his army to meet Archelaus when the latteradvanced. The Romans
as a

in a joined guest) Against

327

APPIAN'S
o/P.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

e? ttoXv /uev aviJLa')(^ofjievu"v, avv Tou? e7recr7re/9;^e irapiiTTrevwv irapeKakei kol 8' ov/c to epyov aireCkfi, eiricrTpe^oyvavrov'^ e? rod lttttov, koX arj/xecov apirdaaf; ovB' W9, e^rfKaro TO ava fji"TaL^ioi"eOei jiera rdv viraairLdTOdv, " 'Vcofialoi, ttov K"Kpay(o";' et rt? v/jlcop, ttvOolto, ^vXXav Tov arparrjyov vfiMv avrwv TrpovScoKare, Xeyeiv, ev ^Op)(o/j,ev(p /laxo/Jievov.^^ol S' rjyepiove'^
"

Bia Seo?

tTTTTOL' T?}?

IBlcov i/c rcov KLvhvvevovTLcrvve^eBeov rd^ecov, he kol t) oKkr] TrXn^Ovf;alhovfievrj, (Tvve^eOeov dp-^ofievTjf; koI rr}^ vlk7)"; TraKiw^LvreelpydaavTo. dvaOopoiv av0c"^eVt top lttttov eTrjjveirov arpaTov
avru)

nrepnoov

kol

"(o"; reXeov eTreaTrep^^^ev,

kol rcov

avrol^; rb

dirdiXovro TroXe/jiLcop epyov e^ereXecrdi]. kol kol rov"; fivpiovi fiev dfi(^\ 7revraKLcr')(^LXiov'^, avv rovrcov jJLaXLara, kol yaav ol fivpioc linrei^ 8' e? 6 TTOL'^ ^Ap'xeXdov Atoy"vrj"i'ol avroL"i

ire^ol

TO

50. Kal Vetera?6 XvXXa"; /jlt) ttuXiv avrov *Apx"Xao";, ov/c ey^ovra vav";, e? ^aXjcCBa

arparoTreBoi' avvecfyvyov.

")"?

hiac^vyoi, oXov e/c Siaarrj/jLarcov rb Trehiov kol [leO^ yfiepav, ardSiov ou^ evvKro(^vXdKei,. Ap)(^eXdov, oXov diroaycov rov rdcppov avr^ irepirore ovk copvaaev Kal TrapeKoXei eire^Lovn.
rrporepov
^

arparcdv eKTropPjcrac rov fidXiara rrjv eavrov (W9 rcov iroXefilcov iravrb^iroXefiov rb en Xeiyjravov kol eirrjyev avrrjv eVt rb avrbv ovS'vc^LcrrafjLevwv, ')(apdK(0[ia rov^Apx^Xdov. ofioca 8' e'/c ix6Ta^oXr}" ifir dvdyKr]";, eyiyvero kol irapa rol"i iroXeixioL^ rov rwv avrov^ ireptOeovruiv,kol 'Y]ye}Jbbv(")V re, rrapovra klvBvvov irpocfiepovrcov Kal ovclSi^ovdnb x^P^^^'^ dirofiaxovvrac rov"i rcov el fjurjS'
328

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

in terror of the chap. fought badly because they were ^^* enemy's cavahy. Sulla rode hither and thither a long time, encouraging and threatening his men. in this way, he leaped Failing to rallythem even from his horse,seized a standard, ran out between the two armies with his shield-bearers, exclaiming, " Ifyou are ever asked, Romans, where you abandoned Sulla, your own general, say that it was when he was When fightingat the battle of Orchomenus." the his peril saw they darted from theirown ranks officers by a sense to his aid, the troops, of shame, and moved followed and drove the enemy back in their turn. This was the beginning of the victory. Sulla again leaped upon his horse and rode among his troops, praising and encouraging them until the victorywas complete. The enemy lost15,000 men, about 10,000 cavalry,and among them Diogenes, of whom were the son of Archelaus. The infantry fled to their camps. 50. Sullafeared lest Archelaus should escape hira Archelaus again, because he had no ships,and take refuge in ^ff^.^tg Chalcis as before. Accordingly he stationed night "uiia watchmen at intervalsover the whole plain,and the next day he enclosed Archelaus,who did not advance against him, with a ditch at a distance of less than Then more 600 feet from his camp. earnestlythan he appealed to his army to finish the small ever remainder of the war, since the enemy were no longer even ; and so he led them against the camp resisting the transpired among of Archelaus. Like scenes enemy, though under different conditions,because hurrying driven by necessity, the officers they were hitherand thither, representingthe imminent danger, if they should not be able and upbraiding the men

329

APPIAN'S
CAP.
VII

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

Se koI 6vTa";. op/irj^; iy0pov"; 6\LyoyT"pov(;

t

^ot)^
''

//I

'

'v-vV^'^

eKarepcduev epya 7ro\ep.ov, ycomav afi(f)o2v

p.aro";ol'VwfialoL,ra?

TroWa "yevo/ievr)(^,

fxev ejiyvero

evr

hiecnrcdv, ^]Sr] KaTaOop6vTe";airo koX ol fidp/SapoL ecrco Tov ')(apaKaiiiaro"; rr}?y(DVLa"; irepieaTrjaav apLVvov/nevoL rov"; iarpeavrrjv ")? roL"; ^L(f)eaiv BacrtXXo? o rod p^e-^pi' Xovra";. ovSe t^? iroX/Jia,
r6\ov";
cravra tov icnjXaro irpwro'^KaX ra^iapxo"i S' eicreLvev.

rod ^apaKO)t'Trepcr^oi'Te?, aairlha's crcfycov

Be nva

vTravrrj-

rore

avTU)

arpaTO";
Kol
Tr)v

tmv (fivyrj Tcov fiev KaraXa/ji^avo/jLei'cov, (^6vo"^,

ai7a"i,

kol

6 iyiyvero /Sap/Sdpcov S' e? twv

a-vveaeTTLinev

6771/9 XifiVTjv wdovfievwv

re

icau

velv

ovk

i7rL(7Ta/jL"va)V, tol'? ktcvovvd^vvera jSap^apLarl ^Apxe\ao"; S' iv eXei tlvI ra? TTapaKoXovvTwv. iTriTV^cov kol e? XaX/ciSa BUi/cpvcfyOr), aKd(pov^ 7r\ev(76v. KOL "L Tt? ^v aWf] MidpiSdrov arparia SLareray/ievr], avjov^ Kara iravra^; fiepo^; iroi
KaTcu eicdXei

a7rovS/]V.
VIII

CAP,

51. 'O Be XvX\a"i

tov eVioucrT?? r?}?

re

TaPiap'Vov

kul tol"; aWoL^ aptdTeLa eoibov. ecTTecpavovkul SiT^pira^e Tr]v BoLO)TLav avve^M^ /jbeTaTiOe/jievyv ra? i^au? ra? Kol e? SeaaaXiav iXOoyv ";^etyLta^e, dyvocov S' OTTtj 6 fM"Ta AevKoXkov

Trept/xivcov. ivavTryyeiTO eTepa";, kuX tuvtu "L7], Klvva kol Tatou Maplov, re fievTOL YLopvrfkiov 'Pco/nr) ev avTOV, TMV i-yjrt^cpKT/ievc elvai e')(0poiv 'Vwixaiwv TToXe/xLov, kol rrjv oUlav avTOV Ta"; /cal dveXovTcov, ical tov"; (^iXov"; eiravXei^ Kadrjpi^KOTCov,
A"VKoWo"i
330

THE
even

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

chap. against assailants inferior ^^^ a There was in numbers. rush and a shout on each side, followed by many valiant deeds on the part of both. The Romans, protected by their shields,were

to defend the camp

demolishing a certain angle of the camp when the barbarians leaped down from the parapet inside and took their stand around this corner with drawn swords to ward off the invaders. No one dared to leaped enter until the military tribune, Basillus,first in front of him. Then the in and killedthe man The flight and whole army dashed after him. slaughter of the barbarians followed. Some were overtaken and others driven into the neighbouring lake, and, not knowing how to swim, perished while begging for mercy in barbarian speech, not understood by theirslayers. Archelaus hid in a marsh, and found a small boat by which he reached Chalcis. Here he hastily summoned any detachments of in Mithridates' army which were various stationed places.

vni
51. The next day Sulla decorated the tribune, chap. ^^^^ Basillus, and gave rewards for valour to others. He ravaged Boeotia, which was continually changing from one side to the other, and then moved to Thessaly and went into winter quarters,waiting for Lucullus and his fleet. But as he did not know where Lucullus he began to build ships for himself, and this was, although Cornelius Cinna and Gains Marius, his rivalsSuiia at home, had caused him to be declared an enemy people, destroyed his houses in the enemy of the Roman his friends. city and the country, and murdered

a^pibi

331

APPIAN'S
CAP.
o

ROiMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

rov Be ovSev ovS* w? t?}?i^ovcrla";, KaO^pei Be Kti^i/a? koL irpodufjiov. arparov e'XfovevTreiOfj dpx^^, oi "^\d/CKOVe\6/iev6"i auvapx^tv rrjv virarov eTrefxireve? ttjv ^Aalav fxera Bvo reXcov, dvrl rov 'Acrta? XvXka, CO? "yeyov6TO";, lioXefiiov t^? re tJBtj dp-)(eiv MLOpiBdrrj. aTreipoTroKaX TToXefielvtw diro ^Xukkw kfccov Xe/JLO)S* ovTL rw avve^rfkOev dvrjp TrtOavof} e? arparrjyLav, ovofia ^ovXrjf; rrjf; eK Bpeprea-lou BiairXeovcnv ^Lfx^pia^.TOUTOt? BteXvOrjaav, viro '-)(eLfio)vo^ at TToWal TOiv vecov eveirprjaearparo'; dXXo^ Kol rd'^TTpoirXov^ avrwv S' ovra e/c ^lidpiBdrov. pLO-^6^']pov eTTLTTefKpOel'i ev ^XdKKOv KOI TOP (Tfcaiop ral^ KoXdaecn Ka\ 6 crrpaTo"; dTTa"; direaTpecpero, kol

(piXoKepBPj
TOP

fjLepo";avTMv

tl,

e? irpoireiK^dev

"eaaaXiav,

^vXXap
o

fieTearparevaavro.
kol

tou?

eV Be vttoXoCKarelye

TTOu?

^XdKKOv rov ^ifil3pLa";, (7rpar'r)yt.K(OTepo(;

pwirorepo^ (^iXavd

avTOL"; (paLv6fievo"i

fir] fieraOeaOaL, 52. 'n? 5' ev Tivi

avTW

Kol

Tft)

6 ra/jLia yevofievrj^;

epiBo"s irepX^evia"^ Karaywyfj ^XdxKo^; BiacTMV

rov ^LjJLJSpiov, eTrearjfJbrjve yaXe'rrrjva'i ovBev "9 TLfi7]V 6 ^LfJL^pia"^ e? 'Vco/xrjv r)ireLX7](Tev eTraveXevaeadai,. BLdBo')(ov avrw ^XdfCKov B6vro"; rov e? a Tore Koi Bt,a"K"i, 6 ^L/i/3pLa"; avrov 69 ^aXKrjBova ^vXd^a"^ BiaTrXeovra, Trpcora fiev ^epfiov rd"i pd^Bov"; dvTLarpdrrjyov viro rov ^XdKKov rov dc^eiXero,

co? ol rod arparov KardXeXei/jLfjievov,

rrjv arparrj-

crvv avrov elra ^XaKKov yiav 7repL9evro";, opyfj iBicoKev, eco"; 6 jxev ^Xukfier oXiyov eiraviovra

332

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

However, in spite of thishe did not relax hisauthoritychap. ^^^^ in the least, since he had a zealous and devoted army. he had chosen as his Cinna sent Flaccus, whom to Asia with two legions colleague in the consulship, to take charge of that province and of the Mithridatic in place of Sulla, war who was now declared a public As Flaccus was inexperienced in the art of Fiaccua enemy. ^^ ^^ a man war, rank named Fimbria, who of senatorial inspired confidence as a general,accompanied him as from Brundusium a volunteer. As they were sailing destroyed by a tempest, and most of their ships were some that had gone in advance were burned by a new army that had been sent againstthem by Mithridates. Moreover, Flaccus was a rascal, and, being injudicious in punishments and greedy of gain, was hated by the of the troops who whole army. Accordingly, some to had been sent ahead into Thessaly went over Sulla,but Fimbria, whom they considered more humane and a better general than Flaccus,kept the rest from deserting. 52. Once while he was at an inn he had a dispute b.o. 85 Flaccus, with the quaestor about their lodgings,and little who acted as arbiter between them, showed for Fimbria, and the latter was vexed consideration Accordingly and threatened to go back to Rome. to perform the duties Flaccus appointed a successor which he then had charge of. Fimbria, however, watched his opportunity,and when Flaccus had sailed for Chalcedon he first took the fasces away from Thermus, whom Flaccus had left as his propraetor, on the ground that the army had conferred the command upon himself,and when Flaccus returned soon afterwardsin a furiousrage. Fimbria compelled Flaccus took refuge in a him to fly, until finally 333

and

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
OLKLav

HISTORY,

BOOK
to

XII

K0"; "9 Tiva

kol vvkto^ Karacfyuycov air

relxo^

e? "9 XaXKrjBova irpMTOV koI auTrj"i virepekOftiv Be kol ^LKOjii^heLav Ta? TruXa? a7reK\"i(T"v,6 ecpvye iv avrov "kt"LV"v Kpvir"t"i/JL^pLa"; eirekOcov (fypean 'Vwpalwv ovra re rofievov, virarov koX arpaniyov avrb^;(ov Kai ")"? ^\Xw Tovhe rov ttoXe/iov t'Siwri?? (""";. eKrepboiv t" rrjv KeXevovTL crvvekriXvO Ke(f)a\7] Xoiirov OoXaadav, kol to avTOV 69 p."6f}K"V ara(f)Ov rov iKOiylra^, avrov arpaTOv. avroKparopa

aire^rjve

Koi

Tiva"; pbayoi'^

ovk

ayevvM^;

rjycovicraTO

to)

Traioi

re /SaaiXea T(b MiOpiSdrov. avrov 69 TO HepjapLov, Kal e'9 ULrdvrjv ck rov

avveSico^ev
UepydfjLOV

iireXOcov direr 0 ew9 Bia(f)vyGvra d(f)p"V"V, /xev 53. 6 69 MirvXtjvrjv, l3a(TL\ev^ errl vewv e"^vyev

eirrjveae p,ev To5 XvXXa, TTvOop^evo^6 ^ip/3pia";

0)9
ovra

(^r)aavro"=; on roaCpBe ^up^pia (ppd^eiv a(j)d^ eirLrerpo^aa

Be "t"ip^pLa^, eTTiaiv rrjv ^Aauav, eKoXa^etou9 KaiTiraBoKiaavra^, Kal rcov ov cexofievcov avrov rr)V X^P^^ iXerjXdret. 'IXfei9Be TroXLopKOVfievoi fiev iirl^vXXav, ZvXXa 7rpo9 avrov Kare(f)vyov Be Kal KeXevcravro"; iv avroU i]^"LV,

Be Kal avrov 'FcopLalcov eKeXevae 7]Br) (jilXov^, 'V(op.ai(ov Bex^adai, Kareipwvevcrdfjbevo^ ecro)

Kal rri"^ avyyeveia^ rrj^ovarjf; 69 'Vcofiaiov^ 'iXievaiv. eaeXOoov Be rov"; ev iroal 7rdvra"i
n

Kal rov^ irpea^evKal irdvra eveiripbirpr), h rov ^vXXav eXvjxaivero aavra^ ttolklXw^, ovre vewv rcov ovre lepoiv e^ rov rcov rrj"; (peiBopevo^; 'A^^m9 ovs avrw verpKareirprjcrev.
eKreive

Kuracpvyovrcov,

334

THE
house

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

the chap. and in the night-time cHnibed over ^'^^ wall and fled firstto Chalcedon and afterwards to Nicomedia, and closed the gates of the city. Fimbria followed him^ found him concealed in a well, and killedhim, although he was a Roman consul and the commanding officerof this war, while Fimbria himself was only a private citizen who had gone with him as a friend at his invitation. Fimbria cut off his head and threw it into the sea, and flung away the remainder of his body unburied. Then he ap})ointed himself commander of the army, fought several successful battles with the son of Mithridates, and Thence he drove the king himself into Pergamus. escaped to Pitane, but Fimbria followed him and began to enclose the place with a ditch, until finally the king fledto Mitylene on a ship. 53. Fimbria traversed the province of Asia, punished Fimbria the Cappadocian faction,and devastated the territorymum^^^ of the towns that did not open their gates to him. besieged by him, The inliabitants of Ilium, who were appealed to Sulla for aid, and he said that he would to their assistance, bidding them meanwhile to come say to Fimbria that they had intrusted themselves to Sulla. Fimbria, when he heard this, congratulated them on being already friends of the Roman people, and ordered them to admit him within their walls Roman, a because he also was adding an ironical allusion to the relationship existing between Ilium he was When admitted he made an and Rome. indiscriminate slaughter and burned the whole Those who had been in communication town. with He spared neither Sulla he tortured in various ways. nor the persons who had fled to the sacred objects the temple of Athena, but burned them with the

335

APPIAN'S
CAP.
VIII
KarecTKaTrre
, ,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

Se /cat to, reiyri, /cat tt}?einovam

V
,

eVl Ayafie/jLVovo"^ TraOovaa SicoXcoXei, VTTO (Tvyyei'otx; /cal OLKoireSov ovSep rjv rb Se r/}? ovS' lepov ovS^ ayaXfia en avTrj"; ^A6r)vd"; koKovctl eSo?, o UaWdSLov koX hioirere'^ rive^ rjyovvjat, vopii^ovai evpeOPpaL rore aOpavrcov (TTOV, reix^^^v avro TreptKoXv"7rt7rea6vTO)v avro iv el (irj Aio/jLt'iBr]"; koX X)Su(rcr"v"; -^dvTCOv, T(p TpcoiKcpepyw p^TrjveyKav i^^IXlov. ^Tkiov TdSe p,ev Brj "Ptfi^pLa"; e?
\r)yov(j7j^ apTL
Kol
TO

rjpevva irepuoov /irj n r) fiev Br] -^eupoua rcov

"^'
^

'^

(TVveaTrjKe t/;?

7roA,ew9

ert.

elpyd^eTo,
rjyovvTat

tt}?Tpirr]"i

kcli

e[3Bop.7]KocrTr

eKaroarrj^; 6Xvfnrtd8o"^. fcal rive^

^Ayap.e/xvova roSe fier irdOo^ avrfi ^tX/oi? kol irevrrjicovTa ereai yeveaOai pdXiara. 54. 'O Be MidpiBdTr]'^ 'O/jyoeVet kol tt}? Trepl to fievov 7;tt??? iirvOero,BiaXoyc^o/LLepof; ttXVjOo'^ ^E^XXdBa dp)(rj"; oaov e? Trjv koI ryv

e^

"TVve)(rj KoX Ta^elav

avrov

Apy^eXd(p BtaXv(T"i"i o)? Bvvairo ev7rp"7r(b"; epyd6 Be XvXXa aaaOaL. crvveXOwv e? X6yov"^ elirew MV ^vXXa, MiOpcBdrrjf; vpilv TTarpfpo'^,
"

eTTeTTopLc^eL, eireareXXev (pOopdv,

6 ffa(Ti\ev"; eTroXep^rjae puev Bid crrpaTrjyMv erepcov BiaXvaerat Be Bid ttjv crrjvdperrjv, r}v irXeove^iav, Biicaia 6 XvXXa^ koI 7rpoaTdcro-rj";.^^ aTTopia rd
re

"piXo";

ovB' dXXo ovBev OLKoOev avrw to)v e\Bpoiv ")? iroXepiirp, ^OXvfiTTia koi iv HvOol kol rcov d'\^dn"vo"i rjBrj ^FjrmBavpcp dvriBov^; irpo"^ Xoyov koi ^(^prjp^drcov, Stj^alcov rol"; iepolfi 777? iroXXdKL^ rb "tjp.LO-u rrj(;

vecov,

Koi

ovk '^(pijpaTa

eimrepLTrovraiv

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

temple itselt. He demolished the walls, and the chap. ^^^^ next day made a search to see whether anything of was the place was leftstanding. So much worse the kin than it had treated by one of its own city now been by Agamemnon, that not a house, not a temple, left. Some say that the image of not a statue was Athena, calledthe Palladium, which is supposed to have fallen from heaven, was at this time found unbroken, the fallingwalls having formed an arch it ; and this may be true unless Diomedes and over Ulysses carriedit away from Ilium during the Trojan Thus was Ilium destroyed by Fimbria at the war. close of the 173rd Olympiad. Some people think that 1050 years had intervened between this calamityand that which it suffered at the hands of Agamemnon Mithridates heard of his defeat at Mithridatcs 54. When Orchomenus, he reflected on the immense number of he had sent into Greece from the beginning, pelce"'^ men taken and the continual and swift disasterthat had overAccordingly,he sent word to Archelaus them. to make peace on the best terms possible. The latter had an interview with Sullain which he said, " friend, King Mithridateswas your father's O Sulla. He became involved in this war through the rapacity of other Roman generals. He willavailhimselfof your virtuous character to make peace, if you will grant him fair terms." As Sulla had no ships ; as his enemies at Rome had sent him no money, nor anything him he but had an declared as ; outlaw else, had already taken the money from the Pythian, Olympian, and Epidauric temples, in return for which he had assigned to them half of the territory ; and of Thebes on account of itsfrequent defections

337

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
re
rriv

HISTORY,

BOOK
rcov

XII

airoardvrwv, h
eireLyofievof;
"

ardatv ainhv
ciTraurj

i-vdpcov
arparov

iveBlBov Trpo? rd"; SiaXvcreL^, koX /xerayayeLV, 'Ap%e\ae, Mi6pLelirev dhiKovfxevov /lev rjv, w he Bdrov, ireplS)Vr/^iKetTO tt pe"7 jBevetv uSikovvto^; dWoTplav koI Krelvai yrjv T0(T7]vBe eTriSpa/jieiv, dvhpwv, rd re kolvcl kol iroXv nT\rj0o"i lepd rwv KOL ra TToXewv iBia tcoi' dvrjpTjfievcov acperepiS' ISlou"; Xoycp avrw tm e? tou? koI (Taadai. d7naro"; yevofievo^;, e/creive w TTepl r]/jLd";,
,

Kat aKpaicpvi]

tov

"/)tX,of?,

KoX TMvhe TTOWOV^, KOI Tcbv Terpap-^MV 0V(; OfjLOkoi SiaLTOV^;el^e, vvkto"^ p.ia^, jxera yvvaiKwv ov TMV TreTroXefirjKOTCov. eVl Be y/jbcvkol TTaiScov TroXefiov ')(^peiav i) eTreBeie^Opav [xaWov cf)V(7eco"; IBeai'^ K aKwv TOU"i 7ravT0iai"; rrjv ^Aalav ^aro, Trepl ^IraXiMTa^;, avv kol iraialkol OepdirovaL yvvat^l re ovaL TOL^ yevov"; ^IraXi/cov,Xv/JLr]vd/jLev6"i /cal
Kreiva^.
rocrourov vvv

6 /iiLao";

7^9ov

ifiov v/xwv vtt irpXv eKKaiBeKa /JivpidBa"; efivy/jLOvevere. (TvyKOTTrjvaL 'Av6^ BiKaiov /xev rjv daireio-Taavrw 55. MV ra Trap* rjfMMV yeveaOai, aov Be X^P^^ viroBexopai av cvyyvM fir]^ avrov rrapa 'Fco/jbalcov, rev^taOai ovn ru" Krj. el Be viroKpivoirokoi jierayiyvdia
a-KOTrelv,m ^Ap^^eXae, ivdvfiov/iieva) fiev 67rco"; e^ei ra irapovra croi re 8' ov nva rpoirov eKelvo";re KUKeLvq), (TKOTTOVvrL Eu/^ez^etKal erepoL^ Kexp^rai /cal rj/jLel'; "^iXoL";
vvv,

e? TrjV e^rjveyKev tj/jLiv irarproav, vTro/cpLvo/ieuof; (fyiXiav

^IraXiav

wpa

(TOL

rb

a avrov

6 B^ en XeyovTO"^ ^aaaavdaarj.'^ rrelpav direa-elero, Kal Bva^^pdva^

avrov

rr)v

rov e(j)y]

iyx^^--

piaavrd at rijv arparrjylav ov

338

rrore

irpoBdjaeLV

THE
because he
was

MITHRIDATIC
in
a

WARS

hurry to lead his army fresh and chap unimpaired against the hostile faction at home, he " Sulla's was assented to the proposal, and said, If injustice ^^^"^^^ done to Mithridates, O Archelaus, he ought to have It sent an embassy to show how he was wronged. was the act of the wrong-doer, not of the wronged, to overrun such a vast territorybelonging to others, kill a vast number of people, seize the public and .such sacred funds of cities, and confiscate the private property of those whom he destroyed. He has been friends as to us, and has as just perfidiousto his own put many of them to death, and many of the tetrarchs he had brought together at a banquet, and whom their wives and children, who had not fought against him. Towards us he showed that he was moved by an inborn enmity rather than by any necessity for war, visitingevery possible calamity upon the Italians Asia, torturing and murdering them, throughout together with their wives, children, and such slaves as were of Italian blood. Such hatred did this man bear towards Italy, who now pretends friendship for my father ! a friendship which you did not callto mind until I had destroyed 160,000 of your troops. 55. " In return for thisconduct we should have every for rightto be absolutely implacable towards him, but your sake I will undertake to obtain his pardon from Rome if he actually repents. But if he plays the hypocrite again, I advise you, Archelaus, to look out for yourself. Consider how matters stand at present Bear in mind how he has treated for you and him. his other friends and how we treated Eumenes and Masinissa." While he was yet speaking, Archelaus the offer with indignation, saying that he rejected betray one who had put an army under would never
"

339

APPIAN'S
CAP
"

ROMAN
(joi

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Se iXTTL^Q)
aroXov
iravra

BtaXkd^eiv, rjv fxerpca irpoardao

BiakiTTcbv ovv "Tr]"^^^

Tov

SvXXa? oXlyov,elirev iav

"
^

'i][uv,ov

Siho)

Kp-x^eKae, irapae^ei?, diroBu)Se koI (rrpaTT]"MiOpiharr]^,

w

70U9 yfMLv i) rj avrofiorjalxP'CL\o)rov"i TTpicr/Seif; dyhpci-TToha dirohpdvray /cat Xtou? eVl X,ou9

dvaairdaTOv; e? tov Se koX rd^ HovTov i^aydyr) /^eOfj, ^v etcpdrei Ik %ct)/9l9 (jypovpd^ TrdvTCOv(ppovpicov, he eaeveyKrj Trpo rrjaSe tt)?'Trapaa-irovBtjaeoxi, KOi Tr)V haTrdvrjv rovSe rod TroXe/xou rrjv St'avTov dpywv yevo/iev7]v,koX arepyr) jiovi)'^ t^? Trarpcoa? 'PcoyLtatof Swaareia^;. iXirL^o) avrw ? [irjhev ireiaeiv 6 Srj tcju fiev yeyovorcov.^^ eTTLfJirjvlcrai roadSe he KpxeXao"^ 6 Td"; fxev "f)povpd"; elirev, avrUa dWcov he to3V eweareWe irepl TravraxoOev i^'tjye, iv ^vWa^ TO) /SaaiXel.koI rtjv roawhe dpyiav '^verov^ kov /\aphavea"; hiaTiOefievo';, koI Xlvtoix;, e? MaKehoviav irepioLKaMaKehovMP "6vT],(TVvexco"i iiTLcovefropdet,, i/jL^dWovra, aTpaTov koX tov
octov^
'

rj rolaBe, koX

dWov^ lTTOir]Garo,

Mi.OpLhdTov irpea/Secov, dXkot'iavveTiOevTO,fiov^jv 8' o'l tol"; fjLev e^atpovotl nrkeovwv civ T\a"f)\.ayovLav fxevoL eTrelirov eTv^e tov v/umv MiOpihdT7]";, CTepov el 7rpo"; cTTpaTrjybv hvax^pava^ 6 luXXa? BteXveTO^ijx^piav, irapaTJ} hcoaetvhiKrjv, Kol avTO"; Kol "^t/jL,8piav e(j)ri ,6o\rj, iv 'AcTia yevofxevci e'laecrOai irorepa avv6r)K0iV rj S' hecTat MiBpthdir)^. whe elTToov TroXi/JbOV ifKavAevKoWov SpaKij'^, hid vev e? eirl Ku-v/^eXXa ijhrjyap avrcp koI She ^'A^vhov
tmv

ofiov. koX e%p^/xaTt^6T0 eyvpiva^e,

56. ^YjXOovtwv he

irpoireiju^ar

340

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

he suid,"to come his command. to an CHAP "I hope/' agreement with you if you offer moderate terms." After a short pause Sulla said," If Mithridates willTerms of deliver to us the entire fleet in your possession, by offered Archelaus ; if he will surrender our generals and Suiia deserters, and runaway ambassadors and allprisoners, homes back to their the slaves, people of and send Chios and all others whom he has dragged off to his garrisonfrom allplaces Pontus ; ifhe will remove except those that he held before this breach of the peace ; ifhe will pay the cost of the war incurred on his account, and remain content with his ancestral dominions I shallhope to persuade the Romans not he has done them." Such to remember the injuries were the terms which he offered. Archelaus at once withdrew his garrison from allthe places he held and referredthe other conditionsto the king. In order to make use of his leisure in the meantime, Sulla marched against the Eneti, the Dardani, and the Sinti, tribeson the border of Macedonia, who were invadingthatcountry,and devastated their continually territory. In this way he exercised his soldiers and same time. the them at enriched 56. The ambassadors of Mithridatesreturned with b.c. 84 ratifications of allthe terms except those relatingto Mithridates *" Paphlagonia,and they added that Mithridates could suUa* " have obtainedbetter conditions, ifhe had negotiated J^*'^" dignant with your other general. Fimbria." Sulla was inthat he should be brought into such comparison he Fimbria bring to that would and said punishment, and would go himself to Asia and see Having whether Mithridates wanted peace or war. spoken thus he marched through Thrace to Cypsella after having sent LucuUus forward to Abydus, for
"

341

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

XrjarMV viro uev aXwvai acbiKTO, KivhvvevGa"=; be riva veo)v re wyeipa^ airo iroWaKL'^, aroXov K.VTrpOV KOl ^OLVLKT]'^ Ila/jL"pv\ia Kol 'VoSoV KOI Kol TToXXa hrjoiaa^Tr}";TroXeyLtta?, Kal rcou Midpc-

aTroTreipdaa^iv irapdirXcp. ^uXXa? etc UepyddiTO Ku-v/reXXwz/ ovv fjbev koX MtOpLBdr'r]"i kol e? fjiovavirjecrav avOi^ie? \6yov"i, Kare/Saivov tmv avv dficpco oXijoLf;,i(f)opcovTQ)v arparcov irehiov Xoyot 8' MidpLSdrov fiep ol eKaripcoOev. rjaav Ihia^ kol kol VTTOfjLvrjdL^; "^ikia"; avixpiayjia':; /SeenkuI 7raTpa)a";, kol eirl Toh 'Pcofiaicov'ttpeer KaTrjyopia wv e? aiirov KalaTparyjyoLfi nrpo^ovK.oL'^ re dhiKu""=;, ^Apio/3ap^dvr]v Karde'7reTTpd')(eaav a vrov KaTTTraSoKLav, d^aifyovT"";e? Kal *t"pvyLa"i dStKOVvra. NitcofiTjSr] povfjuevoi,KOL 7repiop(f)vre"i Sdrov
veoiv
" "

Xa/xTrapaWd^ Trap* e/xoO re Kal Trap' eKeivwv dp Ti? vjjLmv, b yap Sr] ^dvovTe"i' m'P co/jiaLOL, pudXiCTT Tot? TrXeioatv eiTLKaXecreiev, ecrriv t)(piXoKepBia

Trdvra Kal TdBe'\ecj)')'},

em eirpa^av

'X^py^ixa

dvappayevTO^ he
rov

vtto

tmv ocra

v/jberepcoparparrjycov

iroXe/jiou, irdvra

dfjLVv6pevo"i eirpaTTOv,

yvdi/irji' eylyvero.^^ avdyKT] /jidXXov rjKara Sr]MLOpiBdrr]^ d)Seelircov 57. 'O [Jiev eTravcraro, direKplvaro' 6 Be ^vXXa"; erepa vrroXa^oov ""^* dyairrjacdv, eKoXei^;, co? rd irporeLvofJieva jxev r}fjLd"; ov oKvrjaw Kal irepl fjLTjv rwvhe Sid ^pa'^ecov elirelv. e? Apio^apfiev K.a7r7raSoKLaveyco Karriyayov K.iXLKia"i dp'^wv, whe 'Fay/iaioyv ^dv7]v ylrrjcjiL heov dvrtXeyeiv crv pievcov Kal Kar7]Kove"; rjiJLwv,
" ^

rol"^ eyvwa iJLevoL^i Kal rj fieraSiSdaKeLV17 /jLTjKeri dvnrelvai. ^pvylav he aoL Maz^io? ehcoKev eirl hcopohoKia, eanv dhlK'qfia.Kal 0 KOivov d/ji(f)OLv
342

THE

MITHIUDATIC

WARS

having several times run chap LucuUus had arrivedat last, VIII the risk of capture by pirates. He had collected a fleet composed of ships from Cyprus, Phoenicia, Rhodes, and Pampliylia, and had ravaged much of the enemy's coast, and had skirmished with the ships of Mithridates on the way. Then Sulla advanced from Cypsella and Mithridates from Per- a personal gamus, and they met in a conference. Each went with a smallforce to a plain in sightof the two armies. Mithridatesbegan by discoursingof his own and his father's friendship and alliancewith the Romans. Then he accused the Roman ambassadors, deputies, by restoring and generals of doing him injuries Ariobarzanes to the throne of Cappadocia, depriving him of Phrygia, and allowing Nicomedes to wrong him. " And allthis,"he said," they did for money, taking it from me and from them by turns ; for

there isnothing about which most of you are so open to accusation, O Romans, as avarice. When war had broken out through the acts of your generalsallthat 1 did in self-defencewas the result of necessity rather than of intention." Mithridates had ceased speaking SullaSuUa's 57. When " Although you called us here," he said, replied: MitSdat" " for a different purpose, namely, to accept our terms of those of peace, I shall not refuse to speak briefly I restored Ariobarzanes to the throne of matters. Cappadocia by decree of the Senate when I was governor in Cilicia, and you obeyed the decree. You ought to have opposed it and given your reasons then, or foreverafter held your peace. Manius gave Phrygia to you for a bribe,which was a crime on the part of both of you. By the very factof your getting
343

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

BiKai(o"; ov Xa^elv, TwSe ixaXiara avryv 6/jLoXoy6L"; S(opoBoKLa";. 6 re Mat'to? Koi to, aXka ^Xe"y^d7i CK iirl aveXvTrap' r)/jLli/ ')(^pr)iiaaL koX iravra irpd^a^;, koi aev ^pvyiav aBiKOi^ aoi T) ^ovXrj. c5 Xoyw hoOelcravov)( e? tou? iireTa^ev avvreXeiv eavrjj a)OC avTOVOjjLov fiedrfKev. mv he y/J'6L"s ol "^6pov"i, dp'X^eiv, ovk Xoyo) tlvl TToXefJbw Xa/3o^Te9 a^Lovfiev Se aiTidraL jiev ere koi NiKO/jii]Br)(; (TV Ka9e^"i";; rov to avTw ^AXe^avSpop acofia rpcoaovra iirirov kol "ZwKpdrrj XPV^'^^v inl rrjv dpxf']V,

nreixy^ai,
Koi

e? rrjv arjv rdhe avTb";a/jLVVo/jievof; ejjL^aXelv ^Pcofirjv 6aco"i Be TL e? eBet el Trpea/Seveiv tjBikov, dvafxeveiv. el Be koi Oclttov Koi Ta"? d'TTOKplaei'^ d'KT]TTW? Kol AptO^ap^dprjl' r)lMVVOV NLKO/jL}]Br], 8' dvdjKtjv Xavve^; ovBei' dBiKOVvra; e/c/SaXcov Kardyeiv avrov, roh irapovai 'Vwjiaicdv e7redr)Ka";
*

/catKarayofievov
eyv(OKa)"i/xev ovrco

kcoXvcov

ctv

rov

iroXefiov
kol ev

e^ijyjra

irpo ttoXXov, e^av eXirlBi 'Fco/jLaucov d7rdaY]"i KpaT)]a-eia";, irpoel 7^9 dp^eiv da-Be 8' eVl r Troiovfievo^;. kul (j)daei"i rfjyvco/jirj %paKa^ kol SkvOu^ kol kol on Tovrov TeKjxrjpiov,

^avpo/idra^,ovtto)
KOI 69 vTTtjyov, vav'i re eiroiov,

T0U9

tlvI iroXefxaiv, e? av fifxax^'O-v dy^ov l3aat,Xea"; irepLeirefxire'i

kol

irpcopea^

koi

Kvfiepvrjra

(TvveKdXei"^. 58. MaXto-ra 8'6 Kaipo";eXeyx^i' o-e Tr]"; ein^ov-

X^9.

OTe

yap

rrjv

rjficov (f)vXd^a" TjaOdvov, Tr)v TrjvBe kol iireOov jiev ^Apto^ap^dvr} 'NiKOfiyjBet Kal Be ^Aaia ro) VaXdraLf; kol JJacj^Xayovia, eireOov

^IraXlav dcrxoXiav

r)fMMv d^iarafievr^v

344

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

it by bribery you confess that you had no right to it.chap. ^^" Manius was tried at Rome for the other acts that he

had done for money and the Senate annulled them they decided^ not that Phrygia, all. For this reason be which had been given to you wrongfully, should be free. made tributary to Rome, but that it should If we who had taken it by war do not think best to govern it,by what right could you hold it? Nicomedes him an assassin also charges you with sending against Alexander, and then Socrates Chrestus, a named it was to rivalclaimant of the kingdom, and says that avenge these wrongs that he invaded your territory. However, if he wronged you, you ought to have sent But an embassy to Rome and waited for an answer. too hasty in taking vengeance on although you were Nicomedes, why did you expel Ariobarzanes, who had you drove him out of his not harmed you ? When Ivingdom you imposed upon the Romans, who were there, the necessity of restoring him. By preventing You them from doing so you brought on the war. long time, because you hoped a had meditated war to rule the whole world if you could conquer the mere Romans, and the reasons you tell of were your real intent. The proof of this pretexts to cover
is that you, although
not yet at
war

with any nation,

sought the allianceof the Thracians, Sarmatians, and Scythians, sent to the neighbouring kings for aid, men. built a navy, ai^d enlisted look-out men and helms-

you chose convicts you of treachery you heard that Italyhad revolted most of all. When we were from us you seized the occasion when Ariobarzanes, Nicomedes, occupied to fall upon our Paphlagonia, and finally upon Galatia, and 58. "The
time

345
VOL.
IT.

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^"^

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Kol Xa/Soov 'X^copiQ). r)/jL"Tep(p ola BeBpaKa";rjra"i 6epd7ropTa"^koX ;^p?;crTa?eVerov"; 7roA,et9, aU kol r\ tov"; (Trri"Ta"i iXeuOepua^; j^pewv airoKOTTal^iy "EXX'^7^'a?, Wf fita 7rpo(f)da"L Kal e^a/co'x^ik[ov"i TaXarwv tou"; rerpapya^, ov"; rj aiov^ Bie(j)9"Lpa"i, d7reKT"Lva";, to tmv IraXtw6')(^o)v o/jLoStaLTovi rj avv Twv ^pe^eai kol "yevo";, ov"; /iLd"ir}p,epa";

ovk re "iCTeivd"^ Kal KaT67r6vTco(Ta";, fiTjrpdcriv lepa diroa')(opLevo^ 69 Ta ovBe tmv avpcp'/yovTwv. Be kol crou, dcri/SeLav o TTocrtjv fJLev Troatjv oy/jLorrjrd fjbiaov^ e? T^/xa? 'jrpoevi]VO')(ev. V7r6p^o\r)V a^eTepiFiVpcoTrrjv S' e? adpuevo^ aTrdvTCOvrd '-^prjixaia, ti-jv dTrecTrovrcov i7repa";/i""yd\oL"^ arparol^;, '^/jlojv Eu^cottt^?p.-qBe diraai t^? Kaia^ ^aaiXevcnrr)? Be yiaKeBoviai' re rjp^eBiaTrXevaaf;
^

eiTL^aiveiv.
repav
ovaav

eTrerpex^^ koI

tou?

"EXXryya?

rr)v

ov fieravoelv, irpLV re ^jp^co eXevOepiav dcprjpov. virep aov irapaKokelv, r) Ma/C6oyS* 'A/3;!^eXao9 Boviavpev pie dvaa-dxTacrOai, ti]V Be 'EXXaSa tt}? i/cXvcracySta?, cKKacSeKa Be pLvpLdBa";rod

err}?
aov

(70V aov

ra kol (TTparov Karafcoylrac, avral^ 7rapa(TKeual";. Xa^elv

BcKaioXoyovpevou

vvu

e'^'

arparoireBa koI Oavpd^w ol'^Bi" ^Apx^Xdov

o

oura pue eSe^ot/cet?, irapeKdXei'^. rj ^7%oO Be yevopevov eirlBlktjv eXrfKvOevatvopare 0 Kaipo'^ dvdXwrat, aov iroXeprjaavro'; fet?; "^9 dpuvvapevwv Kaprepco^ Koi yjBt] rjpiv, Kal 7)pMV roaavra dpuvvovpuevcdv e? reXo"i" rod IvXXa per

Troppco pev

en 6pyrj";

Xeyovro^,

pereiriTrrev

e? rd^ Bi eheBoUei, kol dXXa ra koi avv6rjKa"i iveBlBou,rd^ re vav"i Tlovrov eVl ri-jVirarpwav e? rov rrdvra 7rapaBov";

6 ^aatXev; Kai ^ApxeXdov yevopeva^

dpxrjv eiravrjeL pLov^iv.

346

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

you had taken them, how chap. ^^^^ shamefully you treated the cities,appointing slaves of them, by freeing and debtors to rule over some slaves and cancelling debts,and the Greek towns, accusation ! whereyou destroyed 1600 men on one false You brought the tetrarchsof Galatia together at a banquet and slew them. You butchered or drowned all residents of Italian blood in one day, including those who had mothers and babes, not sparing even fled to the temples. What cruelty,what impiety, what boundless hate did you exhibit toward us ! After you had confiscatedthe property of all your victims you crossed over to Europe with great armies, although we had forbidden allthe kings of Asia even You overran to set foot in Europe. our province of Macedonia and deprived the Greeks of theirfreedom. Nor did you begin to repent, nor Archelaus to intercede for you, until I had recovered Macedonia and delivered Greece from your grasp, and destroyed 160,000 of your soldiers, and taken your camps with I belongings. am all their astonisiiedthat you to now the acts for which you justify seek should asked pardon through Archelaus. If you feared me near, that I am at a distance,do you think, now have debate ? The I to come time for that with you that passed by when you took up arms against us, and intend and we vigorously repelled your assaults, While Sulla was still to repel them to the end." Mithridates speaking with vehemence the king yielded to his JheTerms fears and consented to the terms that had been offered through Archelaus. He delivered up tlie ships and everything else that had been required, and went back to his paternal kingdom of Pontus as liis between war sole possession. And thus the first to an end. Mithridates and the Romans came

Asiatic province. When

347

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xil

IX
CAP.
(Dv

*fiSe fiev
TToXefio^

MiOpLSdrov Kal 'Vco/naiirpociTO'^ he (Pi/x59. SuXXa? KareTravero'

jSplov Bvo crTahiov"^ irapaairoax^v eKeXeve dp-^oi. Bovvai ol Tov ov Trapavo/jLw^ arpaTov, 6 S' dvTeiredKWTrre fiev co? ovK i/celvo^ evi'ofiws S' avrov rou 'IvWa, 'in dpxoi, 7repLTa(pp"vovTO"^ drrohihpacrKovTwv, e? ovk d(^avoi'^ Kol ttoWmv Xo^ttol'? o ^L/xj3pLa"i tou? avvayaycov "KK\riaLav

he iroXefirjrrapeKoXei TrapafxeveLV. ov (j^a/iivcov tov aeiv TToXtrai?, Karapp7]^a"; y^LrwvLaKov eKacrtovt T0"9 irpoaeTTiTTTev. w? he /cal aTrecrTpecfiOV KOL ra? eyuyvovTO aurofioXLai, TrXe/of? at aK7]vd"i
TOiV

i^yepbovoiv irepirjeL, Kal

Tiva";

avrcov

')(^priixaai

e? 8La(f)6elpa"; eKKXycrlap av9i"; crvveKaXei, kol he ol irpoaeracrcrev. (TvvofxvvaOai eK^oiiadvTMv

op/cov i^ eirX tov 6 ovofiaTof;, jxev eKtjpvTTe TOv"i ev tl iraOovTa^ ^0' eavTov, ol Kal ^dovLov irpoiTOV eKdXei, kolvcovov S' ovk ojjlvvvto'^ ouS' eKelvov, irdvTwv yeyovoTa. avTov, TO ^l(f)0'i KTerelv e7n(T7rd(Ta"; yi'kxpi 7]7relXeL eK f^ori"^TrdvTcov jevo/jievi]"i KaTanrXayel^ Kal Tovh' QepdirovTa he yjiriiiaaiKal eXirlacv eiravdaTO. co? avTopLoXov eXev6epia"i dvaiTeiaa"^ eTrepu'^ev %vXXa crd"paTL. 6 he tw epyw tm e7n')(eLpelv kol eK irX'qaid^oiv Tovhe vttottKal Tapaaa6pievo"s,
Twv everoiv on

heoi KuXelv

T0";

yevo/ievos',
cTT/aaTO?
o

Kal 6

re Kal avP"Xr](pOr) tov

cofioXoyyjcrev.

XvXXa,
tov avTov

avv

Kal Karaopyfj

to 7repLaTdvTe"; (j}pov7]o-ei

^tfi/Splov%a/oa'AOrjvLcova "Kd-

KWfJLa, KUTeXoihopovv

kol

348

THE

MlTHllIDATIC

WARS

IX 59. Sulla now advanced witliin two stades of chap. ^^ Fimbria and ordered liim to deliver up his army contrary to law. Fimbria demands since he held the command himself did not now the replied mockingly that Sulla Sulla drew a line of of Fimbria hold a lawful command. circumvallation around Fimbria, and many of the latter's soldiersdeserted openly. Fimbria calledthe rest of them together and besought them to stand by him. When they refused to fight against their he rent his garments and prostrated fellow-citizens As they still by man. himself before them man of them turned away from him, and still more deserted, he went round among the tents of the tribunes, and having bought some of them with money, called an assembly again, and told them allto swear that they would stand by him. Those who had been suborned exclaimed that all ought to be to take the oath. He summoned called up by name those who were under obligations to him for past favours. The firstname called was that of Nonius, he When even who had been his close companion. drew his sword and refused to take the oath Fimbria threatened to kill him, and would have done so had he not been alai-medby the outcry of the others and compelled to desist. Then he bribed a slave with money and the promise of freedom to go to Sulla as As the slave was a deserter and assassinate him. and thus fell nearing his task he became frightened, was arrestedand confessed. Sulla's under suspicion, standing angrily and contemptuously round soldiers, Fimbria's camp, reviled him and nicknamed him

349

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

Xouv,

iv XiKeXiaTrore aTroardvhpaireroiv tmv iyeyii'rjTO T(ov ^acnXev";, o\L"yi] iJLepo"^ enrt 60. 'E"^' ot9 6 ^iix^pia"^ Trdi'Ta diro'yvov'i
o?

irapeicdXei ^VovtiXlov dvO^ Se avrov avveXOelv e? X6yov";. 6 ^ifi^piav, 67r"fi7r"' Kol ToBe irpoiTOV iXvirei tov kol tol"; TroXe/xtof?, d^ccoovSk avvoBov, BiBo/iievr]^ S' Oevra. Beofievw avrw (7vyyvcofj,r}"; tv)^"lv e'lri
Tr]v

KaX irporfkOe, rdcppov

^vWav

avra"

virecrrr] [xaprev e^i'i OdXaaaav dTraOrjBLeXOelv, eTTL d"pi](T6tv el /xeA-Xoi 'Acrta?, diroicrrlv6 SvXXa"; dv9vTraro";, rr}? 'rj";
veo";
MV
,

6 'PovrtXto?

^vXXav

TrXevaelaOai.
KpeiTTOva,
ov

Be elircoverepav

oBoi^ ^)(^eii^
e? to
tm tov

kol e? liepyajjiov, iiravT^Xdev lepov irapeXOchv expw^'^o ^KcTKXrjTriov

^L(f)6L

e/cey6vofievr)";, Kaiplov 5' avT(p rrjq irXrjyr}'^ Xevae tov Traloa eirepelaai. 6 Be Kal tov BeaKoi a'vTOV t5" BeairoTrj. TTOTijv eKTELve eirl direOave,iroXXa Tr]v OvTco fxev KOL (PijjL/3pia"i

^Aatav

eVt MiOpiBdTr} XeXv/juaafiho^;.kol avrov kul 6 "^TuXXa^ i^rJKe toI^ d7reXev6epoi"iOd'^ai, Klvvav Kal Mupiov iv 'Vco/jltj ov etrelTrev /iLfielaOat iirl tu) Oavdro) OdvaTov re iroXXcov Kal dTacpLuv Be arpuTov tov tov ^ljjl^plov KurayvovTa'^.

tw re kol irpoaiovTa ol Be^icoadfievo^i cr(f)eTep ILovpiwvi e? NcKOfx^Brjv (Tvvayaycov, irpocreTa^e BtOvvLav Kol ^Apw0apl^dv7]ve? KairTraBoKLav eTreareXXev, irdi'Tcov irepl KaTayayelv, ttj re /BovXy 7roXe/jLio";. ov^ uTTOKpivo/jLei'D^ e'\lrr)(f)La6ai ^lXiea"; 61. AvTrjv Be ttjv ^Aalav KaOicrTdpievo^, ^iov^ koX Avklov"; Kal 'VoBiov"^ Kal fiev

Kal Mayvijaiav Kai

oiv

Tiva";

^opievo^, Tj
3SO

dXXov";,^ o-fya/ia%ta9apbeiBid irpodvpLLaveireirovOeaav ov

THE
"

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

been a kins: of chap. Athenio a man who had once fugitive slavesin Sicilyfor a few days. 60. Thereupon Fimbria in despairwent to the line Suicide of of circumvallation and asked for a colloquy with Sulla. The latter sent Rutilius instead. Fimbria disappointed at the outset that he was not even was deemed worthy of an interview, although it had been he begged pardon for When given to the enemy. an offence due to his youth^ Rutiliuspromised that Sulla would allow him to go away in safety to the coast if he would sail away from the province of Asia, of which Sulla was proconsul. Fimbria said He returned that he had another and better route. to Pergamus, entered the temple of Aesculapius,and stabbed himself with his sword. As the wound was not mortal he ordered his slave to drive the weapon home. The latterkilledhis master and then himself. So perished Fimbria, who, as well as Mithridates, Asia. Sulla gave his body to his had sorelyafflicted freedmen for burial, adding that he would not imitate Cinna and Marius, who had deprived many in Rome of their livesand of burial afterdeath. The army of Fimbria came to him, and he exchanged pledges over Then he it with his own. with it and joined directed Curio to restore Nicomedes to Bithynia and Ariobarzanes to Cappadocia, and reported everything to the Senate, ignoring the fact that he had been voted an enemy. 61. Having settled the affairs of Asia, SullaSuiia bestowed freedom on the inhabitants of Ilium,Chios, th"affairs Asia Lycia, Rhodes, Magnesia, and some others,either as of for a reward for their cooperation,or a recompense

351

APPIAN'S
CAP.
eveKa,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

iXevOepov^ 'Vcofxaiwv kol y)(^Let aveypa"^" \oi7ra irdvra crTpartav "9 Be TO, Trepi(f)L\ov";, eTre/jLirev. Kal tov"; Oepdirovra^i, oh ekevOepiav ifcrjpvTTev iSeScoKei Mi0pL8dr7]";, avrUa e? rov'^ SecTTTora?eiravLevat. Se direiOovvTwi', ttoWmv i'^/iyvovro d(f)Lcrrafi6Pcov, Koi TToXewv TLVOiv a^a'yai OepairovTwv Kara TT\r,9o"^ ekevOepwv re fcal eVt
re iroXkwv reij(r} KaOrjirpo^daeaL, *Acrta? kcll pclrOt KOL GV')(ydTrj"i rjvhpaTTohl^eTO BL7}p7rd^6T0. oi re KainrahoK[aavTe";dvhpe"irj

7roLKL\aL"^

fldXlCTTa aVTOiV avv *Ei(f)6"TL0i, al(T')(pa KoXa/cela e? ra 'Vco/xaLcov dvaOij/jLara v/SplaavTe^;.iirl Be rolaBe Kal Kara ev rov"^ d^Loiaei iroXiv i"s Krjpvyiia ireptrjei,
TjfMEpav pr]T7]V TT/Jo?
Tov

TToXet?

7rLKpM"i,KOL "KOXd^OVTO

"EvWav

aTravrdv
eTTL

""?

"E(/)6CrO^'. KOL avTOL"; (TVVe\60V(TLV iBrjfjLrjy6pr)(T"}^ ourco'^.

/3/]/iaT0"

62. "'HyLtet? Trpcorov e? ^Kcriav7rapr]Xarparw Oofiev*Avri,6)(^ov rod ^vpwv /SaaiXeo)^ iropOovvro'^ "AXvv 8' avrov, tov vyita?. i^eXdaavre^ kclI kuI

Tavpov

avrw

de/xevot

dpxv^ rr}?

opov,

ov

Kare-

i^eKeivov yevop^evcDv,dXXa vfiiopi)ixeTepwv a^o/jiev irXi^v el Tiva"; Evfiepec kol fieOr'jKajjLev avTov6/jiou"^, *^PoStoi9 rj/iup eBo/nev,ovy^ viroavfifia^^aacriv B' elvai. reK/jajpiov TeXel"^ dXX^ eVl 7rpo(7TdTai"i AvKLOV"; alrLco/jbeuovi OTi ri 'VoBlcoi' aTrearrjaa/ie fiev Brj roioiBe ireplvfid"; r)fiec"; yey ova /lev vfiel^i Be, ^ArrdXov tov ev rrjv dpxv^ rj/nlv (j)LXo/jLi]ropo"; Bta9rJKat"; KaraXL7r6vTO";,Apiarovifcu) KaO' rjficov "'AoiaroTerrapaLV erecrt auve/JLa)("LT6,
^

P'ixpi' Kal

352

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

what they had suffered from their loyalty to him, chap. ^^ and inscribed them as friendsof the Roman people. Then he distributed his army among the remaining towns and issued a proclamation that the slaves who had been freed by Mithridates should at once return As many disobeyed and some to their masters. of numerous massacres the cities revolted, ensued, of on both free men various pretexts. The and slaves, demolished. Many others walls of many towns were were plundered and their inhabitants sold into and slavery. The Cappadocian faction,both men cities,were severely punished, and especially the Ephesians, who, with servileadulation of the king, had treated the Roman offeringsin their temples with indignity. After thisa proclamation was sent the principal citizens to come around commanding Sulla. When to Ephesus on a certain day to meet they had assembled Sulla addressed them from the tribuneas follows: to Asia with an army when His speech 62. *'W^e firstcame Antiochus, king of Syria, was despoiling you. We people drove him out and fixed the boundaries of his dominions beyond the river Halys and Mount Taurus. We did not retain possession of you when you had become our instead of his,but set you free, subjects except that we awarded a few places to Eumenes not as and the Rhodians, our alliesin the war, but as clients. A proofof thisis that when tributaries, the Lycians complained of the Rhodians we freed them from the authority of Rhodes. Such was our conduct toward you. You, on the other hand, when Attalus Philometor had lefthis kingdom to us in his ^ will,gave aid to Aristonicus against us for four years, until he was captured and most of you, under the
"

353

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
01

BOOK
"-"

XIJ

vLKO"^

edXco Kol vfioiv

euKoai kol

Kol
ereaiv KOL

7T"pu]X0eTe. (l)6/3ov

kol

avdyK7]v ofxox;, ft)8e TrpdcraoPTe'i

e?

7r\"L0V";

reTrapcriv

/xeya Trepcovcrca^i

re kol AraXXof? Karacrfcevrjf;lZiWTLKrj";

Sr}/jioaLa"

i^v^piaare koI Tpv(^rj^ "lp7]vrj"; rr)v dficf)! ttjv av0L"^, Kol Ttjv dayoXiav r)pL(hv 'Irakiav ^v\d^avT6"; MiOpr.ol jxev eirrj'yd'^/eaOe hdrrjv,ol S' iXOovri avveOecrOe. o 8' icTTl TrdvVTTO 7rpo"\66vTe"i,

fjirjTpdaiv dvaiprjaeiv, rofv e? koI ovBe avpLJyvyovTOi Bid TOi)?vfieTepov";6eov";icfieLcracrde. i(j) ol? eSore Blktjv, MtOpiSdry amcrrft) re e? Kol avTU) fiep TLva B-qfievcrewv kol epcrrX?]y"vofjL"V(p, v/id"; teal

fiLapcorarov, vTrear^jre avro) 'IraXiwra? a7ravra"^ avTol^

Tcov

rov'i r}/x"pa"; fJLtd";

Traial kol lepd to,

cj)6vov

aavTL

dvaBaafioix;ipyaaajxevw v/id^,koI "yi]"i

kol

BovXwv eXev6epooaei"^, kol kol '^peMv dTTOKoird'; XrjarrjpLa TToXXa ava kol re Tvpdvvov";iir ivLOL"i, yrjv Kol ddXacraav, o)? "v6v"; v/jLd"i ey^eLv ev ireipa o'lov"=; uvO" o'lcov Koi TTapa^oXfj 7rpoardra";iireXikol tjijuv Blktjvol rwvBe jeade. eSoaav Be riva dXXd Bee koI kolvtjv vpuv eTnreOrjvaL dp(avT"";. rjv etVo? fiev r)v o/xolav TOidBe ipyacrafi"Poi";' oh 'VwpLaloL Be iBpdcrare yeveaOai, irore (T(jiayd" pLij BovXwv Brjuevaetfi daej3el"i d^ovXov^ eiravaaTdrj i) dXXa /Sap/Bapi/cd, a"i";, 7] oaa firjB'errl vovv Be yevov^ 6v6fiaT0"; kol ere XdlSoiev. c})"lBol 'EXXrjviKov KOL Bo^t)^ Wo-la, /cal TT}^ iirl rfj t?}? 'Fco/xaLOL^ ovpe/ca, v/jllv ev(j)7]fxLa"; p.QVOV"^ (f)LXTdT7]"; ircov irevTe i7rLypd(j)(D eaeveyKelv avrUa, (f"6pov"; KOL oarj re yiyove fioi iroXefjLov Bairdvi^v, Ttjv Tov
354

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

impulse of necessityand fear,returned to your duty, ohap ^^ Notwithstanding all this,after a period of twentyfour years, during which you had attained to great

you and magnificence, public and private, prosperity luxury became insolent through peace and and again we were took the opportunity,while preoccupied in Italy,some of you to callin Mithridatesand others Most infamous of all, him when he came. to join you obeyed the order he gave to kill all the in your communities, including women Italians and You did even day. in one those not spare children, to your own dedicated fled to temples the gods. who for You have received some this crime punishment from Mithridateshimself,who broke faith with you and gave you your fillof rapine and slaughter, your lands, cancelled debts, freed your redistributed some of you, and slaves,appointed tyrants over land by and sea ; so committed robberies everywhere that you learned immediately by experiment and comparison what kind of champion you had chosen The instigators insteadof your former one. of these sary, penalty to us also. But it is necescrimes paid some be inflicted too, that some punishment should for doing such things ; and it is common in upon you reasonable that it should be one corresponding to even never your crimes. But may the Romans dream of impious slaughter, indiscriminate confiscation, or insurrections, acts other of servile now the barbarism, From a desire to spare even so celebrated throughout Asia, Greek race and name is ever dear and for the sake of that fairrepute that to the Romans, I shallonly impose upon you the He imposes together ^.^^^^^ taxes of five years, to be paid at once, the of has cost me, and whatever the cost with what the war war

355

APPIAN'S
CAP.
KOi earat

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

StaipyjcrcL ra VTroKonra. Ka6i"TrafjL"V(p Be rav9^ e/cacrrot? iyo) Kara TroXei?, kol rafw kol ov rot? Ta2";ia(f)opal";, TrpoOeajjLLav (pvXd^aaiv hiKrjv co? TroXeyatoi?." "7n0r]crci}
63. Too-aSe elTrcbv rot? eTTLSirjpei,
rrjv irpecr^eGL

^rj/ilav, Kol iirl ra

aTTopovaai 7r6\eL"i
TOKWV,
re

eirefJiiTev. at 'he -x^pr^iiaTa

kol

at p-ev ra 0 ear pa ra yvp^vdcna r) relxo'^ rj \ip^eva"; rj ei ri hr^pLodWo, (Tvv (Tiov v^peL crrpaTicoTwv eTreiyoi'TCOv, Brj ')(^prjp,aTa wSe rw ^vWa vTrerWevTO. rd pep Kal fcaK"v dhi-jvel^ev rj Aala(TvveKop,l^"TO, 8' avrrjv Kal Xrjar^pia iireTrkei iroXvavhpa cf)avepiaXkov rj Xyaral'^, ^liOpihapw?, crroXot? eoLKora
^

BaveL^o/ievaL /leyakcov rol^ihavei^ovaiv, at he

Tov
ore

p,ev avTCL
o)? TTdvff

Trpcorov Ka9evT0";e? rrjv OaXaaaav,

ovk

e?

iroXv
Tore

ifkeovdaavra
irXeovai

8' e? pLovoi^ dWd

eXvpiaivero, KaOe^cov
pLaXiara, Kal ov tol"; Xtpecn Kal 'X^copioL'^ Kal
rot

Kal

TToXeaiv

Kal %dp.o^Kal
irapovTO^

'Iaacr6"i ye eTrL')(eipovvTa (f)avep(o";.

^apoOpcLKLOv')(^i\iwv raXdvrcov Kocrpiov,o}"; evopbleKoov ax; dp,apT6vTa"^ ivu/Bpi^eoOai ^ero.6 Be,ei'Te

KaraXtTTcov,
ecr

KXa^opieval Kal XapoOpaKt] XvWa Kal rb lepov iavXrjOrj to eX7](j)6t]aav,

'Vd)piiiv ardaiv eireieirlrr-jv e? e? rrjv 'EWaSa avT?]^ e? Tr)v Kal aTT y6p,evo";, ^IraXiav pLerd rod hieTrXei. arparov irXelovo^; "^vXXav ev roL"^ 'E/j.(j)vXi Kal rd pev dpcjil 64. dp^erai,8' o hevrepo'^'VcopLaiwv dvayeypa-irrai, ivOevhe, re Kal M.L0pi8drov rr6Xep,o"^ Svo reXecn, rol"; ^iovprjva'^ auv pL"v vtto %vXXa ^ipL^plovKaOicrracrOai rd Xoiird rr]"; 'Acrta?
356

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

else may be spent in settling the affairs of the chap ^^ province. I will apportion these charges to each of you according to cities,and will fix the time of payment. Upon the disobedient I shallvisitpunishment upon enemies." 63. After he had thus spoken Sulla apportioned to collectthe the fineto the delegates and sent men The cities, money. oppressed by poverty,borrowed it at high rates of interest and mortgaged their theatres, their gymnasiums, their walls, their harbours, and every other scrap of public property, being urged on by the soldiers with contumely. Thus was the money collected and brought to Sulla,and the province of Asia had her fill of misery. She was assailedopenly Piracy in by a vast number of pirates,resembling regular fleets rather than robber bands. Mithridates had first fitted them out at the time when he was ravaging all the coasts, thinking he could not long hold these regions. Their numbers had then greatly increased, and they did not confine themselves to ships alone, but attacked harbours, castles, and cities. They captured lassus,Samos, and Clazomenae, also Samothrace, where Sulla was staying at the time, and robbed the temple at that place of ornaments valued 1000 Sulla, talents. at willing perhaps that those him had who offended should be maltreated, or because he was in haste to put down the hostile faction in Rome, left them and sailed for Greece, and thence passed on to Italy with the greater part What he did there I have related in of his army. wars. my history of the civil 64. The second Mithridatic war begins at this b.c. 83 point. Murena, who had been left by Sulla with Second * Fimbria's two legions to settlethe rest of the affairs War"
"

as

Srrane

357

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

koI 7ro\e/jLcova^opfia"; r}pea")(7]\"L vTreXiXetTTTO, Sl eTTLOv/xLav6pid[Ji^ov' ^\l6pL^dTr)"; 8' e? tov YlovTov

eaifKevaa'^

Ko\;^oi9 koX Bo(77ropi,avoL"i d(f)L(7Ta/j"V0L"; eVoXeyuet. (ov KoX^ol tov vlov irap
"

M.LdpLSdrr}v,^aaCkea yrovvro cr(pLcnv hoOrjiai, KOI viro\a/36vr"^avrUa vTrrjKOvaav. S'o /Sao-tXeu? irrevaa'i rohe tt/jo?tov TratSo?avrov i7nOvp,ovvTo"i ^aaLk"ia"s Ka\eaa"; avrov "yevea6ai, ttoXv koI /j-"t ou eSrjaev iv irehai^ ')(^pvoraL"; direKTeue,TroWa 'XP^japLovol irepXtijv Kaiav iv dyaxn yevo/jievov. eVt Be TOL"; Trpo? ^L/jL^puav
avrov,
^

BotTTToptai/ou? vav";

re

kol arparov crvveTnjyvvro

to avrov ttoXvv, w? /jLeye6o"i rjroLjiid^ero Bo^av eyelpai ra')(elav, ovk Trapacr/cevrj'^

tT;?

errl

errl rdSe avWeyettw rraaav yap ovK ^Apto^ap^dvr} aOai. ov KaTTTraBoKcav, a\V eariv avrf]^ a Kal "^e/3aLov iv re iriOero rore Karel)("v. ^Ap')(^e\a6v viroy^iac'; Beovro";/card rrjv 'EA.XaSa iv CO? TToWd Trepa rov XvXka. a)V 6 rw ral"iBcaXvaecnv im^Mprjaavra A p')i^e\ao"^ re e? iSilovprjkoI Beicra"; ala6av6pLev6"; ModpiBdrrj vav avrov eireicre Kal 7rapo^vva"^ e(f)vye, M.ovpy'jva'^ Btd KctTTTraSotfta? /xev Brj 'n-poe'7TL')(eLpe'iv.
^

Boa7ropiavoL"; aXV

'Fcofiaioi^

avrifca

ia^aXcov e?

J^o/xava, Kcop,7}v

vtto

rw

lepovkol ttXovctyiiOpiBdrrj fieyiaryv, cre^dapnov Lov eKreive exovcrav, lirirea^ rivd"; rovMiOpiBdrov,
Kal
OVK avrov ra? Trpecr^ecriv e^?7GvvQ^Ka"^ opdv

irporelvovaiv avvOy']Ka"^
ov

yap

avveyey pairro

(SejSaixjiXT rd \e^6evra dmrjWaKro. 8' elircJov 6 Movprjva'^ ravra evOecof; drrocyplepoiv royv XPV/^^"^^^ Kal ovBe eKerfkdrei, iv KaTnraBoKLa. iyelpba^ev p^evo^
epy(p

%v"Cka"^,oKlC

358

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

being chap. for war, of Asia, sought triflingpretexts ^^ his return Mitliridates, a triumph. after of ambitious to Pontus, went to war with the Colchians and the tribes around the Cimmerian Bosporus who had him to revolted from him. The Colchians asked give them his son, Mithridates,as their ruler,and returned to their when he did so they at once allegiance.The king suspected that this was brought ambition to be about by his son through his own bound king. Accordingly he sent for him and first him with golden fetters, and soon afterwards put him to death,although he had served him well in Asia in the battleswith Fimbria. Against the tribesof the Bosporus he built a fleet out a large army. and fitted The magnitude of his preparationsquickly gave rise to the beliefthat they were made not against those for he had not yet Romans, but against the tribes, even restored the whole of Cappadocia to Ariobarbut still zanes, retained a part of it. He also had suspicionsof Archelaus, thinking that he had yielded far more than was necessary to Sulla in his negotiations heard Archelaus When in Greece. of this he became alarmed and fledto Murena, and by working him persuaded him to anticipate Mithridates in on beginning hostilities.Murena marched suddenly Aggicssions "^ ^^^"^"^ through Cappadocia and attacked Comana, a very large country town belonging to Mithridates,with a richandvenerabletemple,and killedsomeof the king's cavalry. When the king's ambassadors appealed to the treaty he replied that he saw no treaty; forSulla had not written it out, but had gone away afterseeing fact. Wlien what he proposed orallycarried out in he began robbing Murena had deliveredthis answer forthwith,not even sparingthe money of the temples, in Cappadocia. and then went into winter quarters

359

APPIAN'S
CAP.
^^

ROMAN
"9

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
re

65. Mi6pLhdTr]"^8'
rrjv

'Fa)/Jbr)v eTre/jLire 7rpo9

rov

^ou\r]v Kal
o

tt^o? ^vWav,

Moupr^z^a?.

8'

a iroiel alrico/jievo^; ''

ev

tovtw

A\vv

irora^ov

/cat hvairopov tot" yevofxevov vtt o/ju^pcov, fiaXiCTTa avTU) TeTpaicoaia"^ diravroiv^liOpiharov fC(o/jLa"; ovk Tov eTrerpex^v,

7repdaa";, /leyav

re

opra

T09

e?

"9 ^pvyuav yifjicov

avTW

Trpecr/Seiav

rov ^aaCkeco^, aWa ovSev avru) dvafievovrof;. Xeta? he kol

rrjv

YaXariav

ttoWt}?Karaeiravrjei,

evOa

KaXt^io?, eirl ral"i IShOpiSdrov /jbe/jbyf diro 'PcoyLt???, jiev ovhev 7r"/i(l"0eh ylr7](j)i(T/ia 8' e? ev fiecro) rrjv ^ovXrjv CTreScoKev, eirij/coov e(f)r] avru) tov ^aaLXew? 6vro"=; KeXeveiv (j^eiSeaOaL h' eliroov eva-TTovSov. ravra m^OtjSia\ey6/jL"V0"
avrSt fjiovw, kol

6 Movpr]va"i ovSev dveU rrj"; op/irj";

M.ovp}]va, pbecrov Xa/Scbv TTora/JLuv, avTeKaOei^ero. pidxv^ ^'ovBerepo"i

rL(i)Ta"iy
avrw

aKevo(f)6pa kol avv/jpira^e,

yiiBpihdrov. rr)v yrjv iTrrjet rr}V rov Kal Tore 6 he iroXe/ielaa^Si^viro 'Vwfjiaiwv7)yov/jLevo"; ifceXevaev. TopBiov e? ra? KM/iia"^ ecr^aXelv crOat, 6 T6p8io"; kol re iroWa fcal avriKa viro^vyid lSL(i)ra"; dv6pdi7rov"^, kol re Kai arpa-

MiOpLBdrrji:avv rw "co"; d(f)LKeT0 irXeiovi rjpx^i', crrparu). Kal euOv^ dpn^l rw iroTapiS) fidxv 6 M.i0pLSdrr]"; yiyverai Kaprepd. koX ^iaadfjievo"; rdWa }^lovp/]va yev6fievo";. 6 S*
eirepa
rov

iroTafiov,

kol

ttoXv Kpelrrwv
e?
rov rwv

rov

XocpovKaprepov
opeivwv eirl

re ohov dTpi^rj, Kal ;^aA.e7rc59. jfSaXXofjLevo'? 66, "H XapLirpa T" VLKrj Kal o^ela e(f)6Bov e^ MiOpirov 69 yevo/ievr}ra^v SieTTTTj Kal ttoWoi)?

dva(pvy(ov, eiTL')(eLpovvTO"i Sid iToXXov^ iiTro/SaXcbv ecpevye ^pvyta^,

avrw

^a(TiXew"^

360

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

65. Mithridatessent an embassy to the Senate and chap. ^^ The to Sulla to complain of the acts of Murena. ^^ had passed over the river Halys, fl!'' latter, meantime, to to*^*^ which was then swollen by rains and very difficult appelia ^''"" belonging to MithHe overran 400 villages cross. forthe king offeredno opposition, but waited ridates, for the return of his embassy. He then returned to Phrygia and Galatia loaded with plunder. There he count met Calidius, who had been sent from Rome on acMithridates. Calidius the complaints of of did not bring a decree of the Senate,but he declared in the hearing of allthat the Senate ordered him not to molest the king, who was at peace with them. After he had thus spoken he was seen talking to Murena alone,and Murena abated nothing of his violence, Mithridates. but again invaded the territory of The latter, thinking that open war had been ordered by the Romans, directed his general, Gordius, to retaliateon their villages. Gordius straightway

a large number of yoke-animals, off" seizedand carried both privatecitizens and beasts of burden, and men, against Murena himself,He attacks and took j)osition soldiers, with a river flowingbetween them. Neither of them began the fight until Mithridates came up with a Mur^na^ large army, when a severe engagement immediately took place on the banks of the river. Mithridates prevailedand crossed the river, and in allrespects The latterretreatedto a got the better of Murena. strong hill where the king attacked him. After Murena fled over the mountains to losingmany men Phrygia by a pathless route, severely harassed by the of the enemy. missiles 66. The news and rapid victory of this brilliant to change sides to spread quicklyand caused many

361

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

i^eXdaa^ eOve r5" Grpariw Ail irdrpiov Ovaiav dXkr]v eVt opov"i v-^rfkov, fxei^ova Kopvcprjv aTTO ^u\(oveTTLriOei^;. TrpcoTot S' e? avrrjv o'l kol ^acnXel^ ^v\o(f)opovaL, erepav irepLOevre'^ ev Kv/c\(p ^pax^repav fiev dv(oyd\a kol fiiXi rfj

6 KanTrahoKLa kol ret fiere^akev. rov MovprjvaTrdvra eirthpaiKavre kol (ppovpta

hdrrjv
Be
iv

teal olvov Kol eXaiov koI OvfiidfiaraTrdvra eirie'9 (f)opovai, rfj8' eVtTTeSo)(Ttrov re koI 6-\jrov dpicrrov rot"i Trapovaiv "7nriOevre"iy olov ri kol UacrapydSai.^;earl T0fc9 Hepcrcov /SaaiXevai ev OucrLa"; jevo^;, dirrovaL rr)v vXtjv. rj S' aWofievT) hid ro fieyeOo^ rrjXov re 'X^lXlwv araStcovyiyverai rol"; rrXeovai Kara(^avri";, koX ireXdaai ^aalv i"; oh Bvvarbv rj/nepa'^, aWofievov rov depo";, 7roXXd"; elvai. *0 fiev Srjrrjv Ovalav rfye irarpifp vo^Kp- %vXXa S* ovK d^LOVvra^iLOpiBurrjv evairovBov iroXe-

^loup7]va fiev AuXo? Ta/SiVLO^ /jLelaOai, "7r"/j."pdr) dXrjOrj ri]vBe irpoayopevatv epoiv, /jLt) iroXefjuelv MiOpiBdrr}, MiOpLBdrrjv Be koX Apio^ap^dvrfv 6 Be 'M.iOpiBdrT]^; ev dXXrfXoi^ jfjBe (TvvaXXd^cov. iyyvijcra'; ^Kpiora" rerpaere^ avvoBo) iraiBiov rfj KOL iirl Xa^cov e'x^etv ^ap^civr], irpoc^daei rfjBe re YiamraBoKia^; oaa el)(e /calerepa eV ifceivoL"i, kvXlkl kol Koi ^pvaiov eirlre rfj elaria irdvra^;, aKoyfi/xaai kol Trdcnv, eVl (pBfj Kal em rfjrpocpfj ov Ta/3lvio"; ov^ waTvep elcoOei, TrpovrbOer /i6vo"; 'I'(Ofiai0L"; XliOpiBdrr) 6 fiev BrjBevrepo"i Kal yyjraro. BieXvero. rovro [idXtara eret e? 7r6XefJLO"; rpir(p
362

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Mithridates. He drove allof Murena's garrisonsout chap. ^^ ^ to Zeus Stratius of Cappadocia and offered sacrifice a lofty on pile of wood on a high hill,according to the fashion of his country, which is as follows. First,the kings themselves carry wood to the heap. Then they make a smaller pile encirclingthe other one. On the higher pile they pour milk, honey, On the wine, oil, and various kinds of incense. lower they spread a banquet of bread and meat for those present (as at the sacrifices of the Persian kings at Pasargadae) and then they set fireto tliewood. The height of the flame is such that it can be seen at a distance of 1000 stades from the sea, and they say it for several days on come near that nobody can account of the heat. Mithridatesperformed a sacrifice of this kind according to the custom of his country. Sulla however thought that it was not right to b.c. 81 Mithridates war he had not vio- Suiiaputs make against when lated the treaty. Accordingly, Aulus Gabinius was ?he war" sent to tell Murena that the former order, that he to be taken seriously, was should not fightMithridates, and to reconcile Mithridates and Ariobarzanes with dates each other. At a conference between them Mithribetrothed his little daughter, four years old, to Ariobarzanes,and on this pretext stipulated that he should not only retain that part of Cappadocia which he then held, but have another part in addition. Then he gave a banquet to all, with prizes of gold for those who should excel in drinking, eating,jesting, forth, so a as was singing, and customary contest in which Gabinius alone took no part. Thus the second war between Mithridatesand the Romans, lastingabout three years, came to an end.
"

That is, "God

of armies."

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

CAP.

Boairopoj^ (T^o^^^va"ywv 6 MiOpiSdTrj'i i')(eipovTO, avToi"^ twv vlewv eva Kal jSao-iXea Maxt^prjv. e? 8' 'A^^aioi;? tou? virep aTreheiKL'V etc KoX-%OL'? ia/SaXoov, ot BoKovcriv elvat rcov Tpoia"; Kara ttjv eirdvohov ifKavqOevTwv, Svo fiepr] Tov Kpvet Kal eieSpat^ crrparov iroXe/xo) re kol 'Vcofn^v Toys' diro/SaXcDV eVe/ATre Kal e? eiravrfkOe, Se Kal rd avyKei/Jieva. eTrefiire o-vyypa-^jro/jLevovi; ^Apio^ap^dpt]";, evoj(\oveW CKODV etre tt/co? tlvwv dWd to KaTriraSoxlav, cvK /xevo";, uiroXa/ji^dveLv MiOpcdcpaipelaOai. TrXeov avTrj"; gtl MiOpLSdr-i]!' Sdrr)"; fxeOelvai fiev ovv, ^vXXa KeXevovro*; avrw hepav KairirahoKiav, fxeOrjKe,Kal irpecr^eiav iirl tmv ra? eTreTTe/jLTrev ctvvOtjkmv (jv'y"ypaj) ovk he XvXXa reOpecoTo^, eTrayovrcov avrrjv ft)9 rjBr] 'Viypdvrj iirl kolvov, to eV daxoXia twv irpo^ovXcov eireiaev e? KaTTTra^oKLav MiOpiSdrrj^i rov 67. Kal
eavTov. i/jL/SaXetv MaTrep d"j)'

ya/i^pov

Kal

to

fxev

^AppLevLO"i KaTnraSoKLav OVK eXaOe 'Vw^aiov^, 6 S' dvdpoiirwv aayrfvevaa'^ e? Tpu'iKOVTa fivpidSa^ dvaairdaTOv^ e? ^Ap/xevLav eTTOLrjae, Kal avvevda jieO' eTepcov eV tl %")/9to;^ MKL^evauTOu? hidh-jfia ^Apfievia"i to avTo^i irepieOrjKaTo, irpoyTOV eavTov TiypavoKepra irpoaelTrev SvvaTai Kal a0' 8' etraiTiypavoTToXi^;. 8' 68. Kal TaSe /juevrjv eu ^Aaca' X^pTcoptof; re ^\^rjpiav *I^7;ota? Kal ra r)yov/jL"VO"iavri]V 'Voyfiaiov^ Kal ^ovXrjv aviary], TreploLKairdvia iirl
eK

a6(f)Lcrp

TMV

01

avvovTCOv,

e?

/xL/jLr)/jLa t^? ovyKXrjTov,

364

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

67. As Mithridates was now at leisure he subdued chap. tlietribes of the Bosporus and appointed Machares, Then he fell king over them. one of his sons, ^ Colchis are Achaeans beyond trouHea the sup(who upon ^'"ewmg posed to be descended from those who lost their but returning from the Trojan way when war), lost two divisions of his army, partly in battle, partly by cold,and partly by stratagem. When he returned home he sent ambassadors to Rome to sign At the same time Ariobarzanes, the agreements. notion or owing to the importunacy eitherof his own of others, sent thither to complain that Cappadocia had not been delivered up to him, but that a greater yet retained by Mithridates. Sulla part of it was Mithridates to give up Cappadocia. He commanded did so, and then sent another embassy to sign the Sulla had died, and as the bc. 78 But now agreements. Senate was otherwise occupied the consuls did not So Mithridates persuaded his son-inadmit them. law, Tigranes, to make an incursion into Cappadocia This artifice his own account. on it were as though did not deceive the Romans, but the Armenian king drew a cordon round Cappadocia, carried off about 300,000 people to his own countiy and settledthem, with others, in a certain place w^here he had first assumed the diadem of Armenia and which he had called after himself, Tigranocerta, or the city of Tigranes. 68. While these things were taking place in Asia Mithrida(( Sertorius, the governor of Spain,incited that province a'TiTnce .^ and all the neighbouring country to rebel against the Romans, and selected from his associates a senate in ^^ ^^

^^^^

36:

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
tcop

BOOK

XII AevKioi,

KareXeyev.

8uo 8' avrov

a-racncorcov,

6 jiev hrjiT"L(T9e\"; e? rov

rov";
re,

M ay l6"; re /cat Oaz^j/io?, MiOpLBdTTjv eireudov T(p ^eprcopiw, iroWa (TV/jL/jia^7j(Tac vepl rP]^ Acrta? avTov iyyv^ rwv koI edv6)v iTrekiTL^ovTe

^epToapLOv 6 he eirefiy^ev'

irdvra e"^' ^iLOpiBdrov oaa avroL"; Tjv yeirovevovra, Kal Ev(f}pdrijv, ^e'^^pi eirl irorafMov Kal Trpocf^daeL 'MiOpiBaTeiov iroXe/iov e? 'Pwyua/of? rov
oaa

Vw[iaiov"i iroXe/jLov, ev m rraaav aTrcoXea-e rrjv dpxvv %epr(opLov[xev diro6av6vro"^, ev 'l^rjola, Be ol crrparijycov oltto 'Pco/xr]^ eTTLTrefKpOevrcov 'jrporepov AevKoXXov rovBe rod vevavap)(^r]K6ro" Be ZvXXa, vcnepov Ylofjun/iov,orov

eTre/xyjrev. e(f)aLve rp'irov Kal reXevralov ol

rov

Bd/cero koX 'Fw/jiaLov; e^oi kol avvTToXtopKetv drrb re Svcrefo^ i^ dvaroXyj^;, ^Acr/av re enOero rw MtOpLSdrTj haicreiv Kal BiOvvlav Kal Ila(f)XayovLav Kal KaTnraSoKLav Kal VaXaTLai', crrparyyov re avrco MapKov Ovdpiov Kal av/jL/3ovXov"; toi)?AevKLov";, Vidyiov re Kal ^dvvLOV, fieO'wv 6 MiOptSdrt]';
Kal
e?
rov

e? ttjv eavTov avy/cXrjTov irapayaycov Trpecr^ei? dfievo^ fcalfJueyaXo^povrja on, ro /cXeo? avrov

Hoprov

efe?

yevofievov

QpfJifi

airavra

'Trepirjve')(di^.

69. MidpiBdrrjf; fiev ovv, XaKd e? irdpav iXOcov,

yevofievov,
acTTreLcrrov

iroXola 'Fcofiaicov Kal rovBe ixdXiara rov Brj Kal 6(e(o"; dirpocfiaaicrrw^ TToXepbOv r)yov/jLevo";,
o)? dprt Brj KpiOrjaopevof; aKevrjv irepl dTrdvrwv. 6epov"; Kal rov Kal ro XoLTTOv rov ^eipuMva vav"^ oXov vKorofxCiV eTrtjyvvro Kal onXa, Kal BiaKoala^; airov iirlOaXdaarj fieBifivcov /jivpidBa"i

vrdcrav e^eiv,

eirevoei

irapa-

366

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Two members of his chap. imitation of that ot Rome. faction, Lucius Magius and Lucius Fannius, proposed Mithridutes that he should ally himself with holding out to him great hopes of Asia and Sertorius, the neighbouring nations. Mithridates fellin with this suggestion and sent ambassadors to Sertorius. The latter introduced them to hissenate and prided himself that his fame had extended to Pontus, and that he could now besiege the Roman power from both So he made a treatywith the east and the west. Mithridates to give him Asia,Bithynia,Paphlagonia, Cappadocia,and Galatia,and sent Marcus Varius to him as a general and the two Luciuses, Magius and Fannius, as counsellors. With their assistance Mithridates began his third and last war against the Romans, in the course of which he lost his entire kingdom, and Sertoriuslost his life in Spain. Two generals were sent against Mithridates from Rome; Lucullus, the same the first, who had served as prefectof the fleet under Sulla; the second, Pompey, by whom the whole of his dominions, and the territoryas far as the river Euphrates, adjoining owing to the pretext and impulse forannexation which brought under the Mithridaticwar supplied, were Roman sway. 69. Mithridates had been in collision with the Heprepaies Romans so often that he knew that thiswar, above ^^^""^^ all,so inexcusably and hastilybegun, would be an He made every preparation with implacable one. be at stake. The the thought that all would now remainder of the summer and the whole of the he in spent cutting timber, building ships, winter He distributed 2,000,000medimni and making arms.
to

367

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
avro)

BOOK

XII

0^.hieiiOei.avynxa^oi re
Trporepa^ %KvOaL TavpoL

rr}?

Trpocreyiyvovro,p^wptf Svvd/xeco^, XaXf/Se? 'ApfievLOL

KttL

oaoi

'Uvloxot AevKoavpot, iroTa/xov yfjv c'^ovai Trepl Sep/jLcoSovra

roaavra

'Axaiol

rrjv

Xeyo/xevrjv. ^Afia^ovcov

ftev

eTrl

TOi? Trporepois aura) irepX rrjv *A"Tiav irpoaeycyP"TO, 'Eavpofiarayv TrepdaavTi 3' e? Tr]v Fjvpco7rr]p OL T" KopaXkot, koI kol ^acrtXeiot koI ^\d^vye"^ ^paKMv "larpov rj 'FoBotttjv oaa yevq irapa rov AlfjiovoIkovo-l, T) Tov koX iirlrotcrSe BacrrepvaL, TO avrcjv akKLfioiTarov yepo";. rocrdSe fxev Brj EvpcoTrrjii 6 McOpLrore Kal

rrj"i

irpoaekdfi^avev

odTr}";. Kal /xuptdSef; irdyrcov e? to fJLd)(^ifjL GvveXeyovro avT(p reaaapeaKalheKa fidXiara lirirel'; iirl Kal /jLvploi's Tre^oiv, e^aKL(j-)(i\ TToXv^ Se Kal dX\,o"i ofjuXo^; ohoiroiwv Kal crKevoe'lirero Kal e/xiropcop. "f)6po)v 70. ^Apxo/J"vov S'ypo"; dTroireipav tov vavTiKov eOve tw crTpaTLO) Ail t)jv auv7]0rj Troiriadiievo";, Oualav, Kal HoaecSMVL XevKcov 'iiriroiv dp/ia KaOel^ e"; TO 7re\ayo"; iirlYla(j"\ayovLa"^ aTpaTrjireiyeTOy 'EpfMOKpdTov^i, Ta^iXovre Aral r)yovvT(ov avTw co? 8 dc^iKETo, iBrj/xriyopijae tw aTpaTw irepire tcov irpoyoi^wv fidXa aefivoXoyw^ Kal irepl auTOv otl eK ^pax^of;ewi ttjv dp)(^i,v fieyaXrjy6p(o"i, 'Vwfialwv r)TT"]Of.Li] irXetcTTOv irpoayayoiv ouiroTe
eK

Trapcov.

eiTa

Kaniyopy-jaev

avTwv

""?

Kal dfieTpiav, vcj) Kal ttjv 'iTaXlav Kal i^?, "(j)7], Trjv iraTpiha avT)]v SeSovXcovTai. koI Td"; yevoovk w? fjLeva"iol TeXevTaia"^ crvp0i]Ka"; e7ri(^"pev

irXeove^iav

iOeXovGLV
368

dvaypd-\^aa6aL, av0L"; KaLpoc^vXaKOvine^

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

of corn along the coast. Besides his foiTnerforceshe chap. had for alliesthe Chalybes^ Armenians, Scythians, ^ Taurians, Achaeans, Heniochi, Leucosyrians, and those who occupy the territory about the river Thermodon, called the country of the Amazons. These additions to his former strength were from Asia. In Europe he drew from the Sarmatian tribes, both the Basil idae and the lazyges, the Coralli, and those Thracians who dwelt along the Danube and on the Rhodope and Haemus mountains, and besides these the Bastarnae, the bravest nation of all. Altogether Mithridates recruiteda fightingforce of about 140,000 foot and 16,000 horse. A great and sutlers crowd of road-makers, baggage-carriers, followed. 70. At the beginning of spring Mithridates made b-c 74 to Zeus Stratius in the trial of his navy and sacrificed and also to Poseidon by plunging customary manner, Then he a chariotwith white horses into the sea. hastened against Paphlagonia with his two generals, Taxiles and Hermocrates, in command of his army, e^g speech he arrived there he made a speech to his to his When speaking proudly about his ancestors and soldiers, how he had raised his boastfully telling about himself, kingdom to greatness from small beginnings,and how been defeated by the Romans his army had never when he was present. He accused the Romans of boundless greed, " dominated by which," he said, fatherland." "they have even enslaved Italyand theirown faith He accused them of bad respecting the last treaty, saying that they were not willing to registerit because they were watching for an oppor369

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
kol

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

einOeaOat.
fxevo^,

tovto

rod TroXe/iov riOeaX-riov

eavrov

iTrrjye rr]v

arparcav

oXrjv

Koi

kclI irapacTKevijv,

'Vwfiaiajv

aayoXiav
ev

TroXeyu-ou-

\xkvwvVTTO
*'

^epTcopLov Kara

Kpdro^
**

^l^rjpta Kal
^IraXiav.

e? rrjv a\X7]\ov"; ava crraaia^opTcov Bio KOL T?}?6a\d"7(rri"i** Karac^povovai e(f)7],

Xriarevofxevr)'^ iroXvv

TjBr) Kal avjjLfxa'Xo^i ')(^p6vov, iariv, avTOL"; ovS* v7nrjK00"^ eKovcrco'^ en. ovBeU "Kal toj)? dptarov^y^ ov'^ opdre S' avrwVy^ "(f)r), iinheLKVv'i OvdpLov re Kal tou? AcvkIov;, 7ro\eS' y/xiv;" ULOV"; [xev ovra"; rrj TrarpiBL, av/jL/jid'^ov'i ipeObaa^i 71. TavT arparov eliroivKal rov l^LKopySov; dprc redre'oro^ e? 'QiOvviav, ive^aXev diroXiirovTO^;. Kol rr)V dp^rjv 'Vo)fiaiOL"i ttTratSo? daOevr}^ ra TroXe/jLta KoTTa? 5' rjyov/jievo^ aurr}?, Svvde? 'KaXK'qhova ^? el;)^e /leO' irdjiirav, ""pv"y"V MiOpctw fieo)^. Kal BtOvvia fxev rjv avOt'^vtto 'PcD/iaiwv i"; XaXKTjSova vrpo? Bdrrj, Tcov iravraxov he Kal ^aXKijKoTTav avvOeovTCdv. eirLovro^ rf) BovL Tov MiOpLSdroVf Korra? pLCV vir diTpa^La"; Be 6 vavap)(o"^avrov, lSlov8o"i avv ov pLepei irpoTjei, 6')(^upMTaTa ra rov KaraireBiov TLvl (TTparov
"

Xa^oov Kal e^eXaOeu^, eirlTa"; e^vyev

irvXa^

Bi^ OpLyKiwv itoXXmv irnvv Bua')(ep(o^. X.aXK7]B6vo"; T" ra? rjv iaTr^jBcovrcov djjLCpi OfiovirvXa^ codiafib'i oOev ovBev roL"; BicoKOvaiv avTOv^; /SeXo? r)TV)(eL. ft)? Be Kal ire pi rcov irvXwv BeiaavTe^; ol ^vXaKe"i diro fjLrjxavrj^; ra KaOrjKav e? avTa"; KXeWpa ^ovBov fiev Kal roiv dXXcov -i^yep.ovwv tlvcl^ KaXwBiOL^ dvip7]aavT0, ol Be XolttoI tmv re /nera^u dizdiXXvvTO,ra? ')("lpa"i Kal Toiv TToXe/jLLcov
,

rr}?

(^iXcov
370

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

tunityto violateit again. After thus settingforththe chap. ^ cause of the war he dwelt upon the composition of his army and his resources, upon the preoccupation war with of the Romans, who were waging a difficult sensions torn were in Spain, Sertorius with civil disand " he throughout Italy, for which reason," said, '^they have allowed the sea to be overrun by pirates a long time, and have not a singleally, nor obey them willingly. Do Avho still any subjects he added, ^'some of their noblest you not see," Varius to at and the two Luciuses) citizens (pointing ? us war country and alliedwith with their own invades 71. When he had finished speaking and exciting He ^^' ^"^* his army, he invaded Bithynia. Nicomedes had lately died childlessand bequeathed his kingdom Cotta, its governor, a man Romans. to the altogether unwarlike, fled to Chalcedon with what forceshe had, and thus Bithynia again passed under flocked the rule of Mithridates, and the Romans When from all directionsto Cotta at Chalcedon. Mithridates advanced to that place Cotta did not go inexperienced in out to meet him because he was Nudus, with a but his naval prefect, militaryaffairs, part of the army occupied the strongest positions on the plain. He was driven out of it,however, and fled to the gates of Chalcedon over many walls There was his movement. which greatlyobstructed a struggle at the gates among those trying to gain no for which reason missile entrance simultaneously, The its by the pursuers missed guards, mark. cast fearing also for the gates,let the bolt down from the Nudus and some of the other officers machine. drawn up by ropes. The remainder perished were holding out their between theirfriends and theirfoes,
"

371

APPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN
opeyovTe^.
ra^;

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

e?

eKarepov^

tt}? (f)opa
iirl Tov

^idpiSdrrj^; rf] iiryyev avTrj^ %/3ft)/Ltei^09 evTVX^'Ci'i

re

i)fiepa^
aXvaet
eve-

\ifieva

vav"i,

nal

to

KXeWpov

'X^aXKJ]
Trprjae
twv

BeSe/jiGVov

Teacrapa"; aTropp/j^a^

fxev

TroXe/iiODp, ra?
ovre

Be \oL7ra";

ovre ert cvBev aveBi'jaaTO, l^orra, a)OC e? ra Tei)(7] avyKeKXeLcrfxevcov. airkAeuKio'^ Oavov Be'Toyfiaicoi' kol fiev e? rpicr-^^LXiovi, MaXXio";, avrjp airo /3ovXf]";, MiOpiBdrov Be Bacr-

NovBov k(o\vovto";

e^yj/covT

repvoiv

Tcov

rrpcorcov

ecTTreaovTwv

e?

tov

Xipbeva

XI
CAP. ^^

72. AevKiof; Be A"VKoXXo"i

vrrareveLv

kol

crrpa-

Tijyeiv alpe6e\"i rovBe rod TroXifiovreXo^ fiiv tl 'Voijii]^,Bvo S' aXXa to, cnpaTLWTOii' rjyev"K
KOL ^LfijBpiov

eV

(Tv/jL7ravra^ex^v
e?

ytXtoi;? iirXe^aKocriOL^, TrapearparoTreBevetw McdpiBdrp irepl Kv^lkov. koX Bl avro/ioXcDV

"myvov";

avToX's erepa Bvo TrpoaXa/Scoi^ rpiar/jLvpLOVf; koX lirTTea^ ire^ov^

elvau tco ^aaiXel arpaTiav fi"v dvBpwv dyopciv Be et tl aiTorpLuKOVTa, fjivpidBa"^ u/jLcpl tol"? XoyovvTe^ 77 e/c daXd(Torr}"^ Xd/3oiev, 7rpo"; ecfj'r) dpiayl Xy-yjreadat tov"; avTOv dfi(p^ 7roXe/j.Lov"i
avTol^ eve/ceXeveTo e? aTpaTOfiVTjfioveveLV. 6po"i Be IBmv evKaipov
avTLKa, KOL TOV

eirayyeXpiaTO^

66ev avT0"i /lev evirop/jaeive/xeXXev "neBeiav, iirexeipeL Be iroXeuiov'^ diroKXelcreiv, dyopd";, tov";

8' ovc77]";e? /j,Ld"i

avTr]v

ox? KaTaXa^elv

ev

e(})vXaTT"v

TwBe Trjv vuci]v uklvBvvov e^cov. 6 jNIf^/OiSar?/ BloBov crT6vf]"i, avTO iyKpaTa)"i, kol uBe kol Ta^lXov

372

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

hands in entreaty to both. Mithridatesmade good use chap He moved his ships up to the harbour of his success. day, broke the brazen chain that closed the the same entrance, burned four of the enemy's ships,and towed the remaining sixtyaway, neither Nudus nor Cotta offering further resistance, for they remained shut up inside the walls. The Roman losswas about 3000, including Lucius Manlius, a man of senatorial rank. Mithridates losttwenty of his Bastarnae, who to break into the harbour. were the first

XI

72. Lucius Lucullus, who had been chosen consul chap. XI and general for this war, led one legion of soldiers
from Rome,
it the two of Fimbria, and others, making in all 30,000 foot and

joined with

takes the

and cuts added two about 1600 horse, with which he pitched his camp |,'^p\^ ^^^ he Cyzicus near that of Mithridates at Cyzicus. When learned from deserters that the king's army contained his 300,000 men about supplies and that all furnished by foragers or came by sea, he said were to those around him that he would at once reduce the enemy without fighting, and he told them his promise. Seeing a mountain to remember well suited for a camp, where he could readily obtain those of the enemy, he supplies, and could cut off" moved forward to occupy it in order to gain a victory by that means without danger. There was only one narrow pass leading to it, and Mithridates held it with a strong guard, having been advised to do so by
o/

APPIAN'S
'^AP. Twv

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

dXXcov rfye/jLovavavrw

irapaivovvTcov. AevKio^

Se Mtt^io? o XepTcopiO) MidptSdrrj ra e? kol aWt]X-Of? BLatrtjO-a^, rov '^eprcopcov tt/oo? avyprjixevov
AevKoWov
677677

'Vwfiaioiv rov McOpiSdrriv virepihelv /jLereTreide koI a-rparoTrehevovTcovoirp irapohevovTwv re OeXijcreiav.ra yap viro ^i/jL^pia yevofieva hvo
rekr]

kol o;i(^et Kpvcjia,

iricrriv

Xa^cov

^ovXeveiv avrofioXiav,

kol

avrcKa

ru"

^aatXel

dywvo"^ Kai avTov Trpocrecreadar rl ovv ')(pri^eiv Svvd/n"i'Ov d/ia)(lKparyjaac tcov TroXepiioiv; (f:6iou, dvorJTa)"; /xaXa Kal avvOejjL"VO"; oU 6 ^li0piSur'n's 'Pw/xatoL'? dvvTTOTTT hia cnevov (""(;, irapoiTepLelhe hevovTa"i dSeco^;Kal iirLrei^l^ovra'^ avrw /leya
opo^,

avrol fi"i" oina-Oev efieWov dyopav dheoi"s McOpiSdTTjv Be Xifivr] Ka\ eTrd^ecrdaL, Kara tmv yrjv opeat Kal 7roTafioi"s diroKXeicreiv dirdvTWv, o n /jli] \d(3oi,ovre 'yXtcr^pco? 7roT6 hvvdovre jSid^eaOav e^ohov^"up"La"^ ert ")(^ovra, AevKoWov viro ^9 rr}"^ 8va')(^(opia";, fievov en 6 re x^i/jLcov KpaTMV Karecppovtjaev. TrXrjatdr/877 OaXdaar]^ avrov ev ^wv efxeXke Kal rcov aTTo t"}9 dewpoiv 6 AevKoWo'^ a uTTopia KaracTTyjaeiv. dveixi[iv^^"TKe v7roa'y^ecreo}";, Kal to Toi)?(^iXov^ t?}? eirayyeXOev co? irapov iSecKW. taccx; 73. 'O Be MtOpiBdrrj^; av Bvvrj6eU Kal rore Blcu Bia TO ttXtjOo^ fxecrcov waaaOai rSiv TroXe/JLicov, TovTov Kv^lkw Be ot"i irapeaKevacre jiev vTrepelBe, iv TwBe TTpo"i TToXiopKcav eireTiOeTO, vojjLicrafi Biopdodaeiv Ti]v Bvcy^wpiav ofiov Kal rrjv diroplav. epyoi"; ola Be evTTopwv crTpaTOV ttoXXou, Tvacnv
KpaTovvTe"^

ov

374

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Taxiles and his other officers. But Lucius Magius, chap. ^^ who had brought about the alhance between Sertorius was dead, opened and Mithridates,now that Sertorius secret communications with Lucullus. and having secured pledges from him persuaded Mithridates to to pass through and encamp allow the Romans where they pleased. "The two legionsof Fimbria," " over to you he said, want to desert, and will come directly. What is the use of a battle and bloodshed ? when you can conquer the enemy without fighting Mithridates assented to this advice heedlessly and without suspicion. He allowed the Romans to go the great through the pass unmolested and to fortify hill on his front, the possession of which would enable them to draw suppliesthemselves from their rear while Mithridates,on the other with security, hand, would be cut off by a lake, by mountains, and by rivers,from all provisionson the landward occasional supply secured with side, except an he difficulty ; would have no easy way out and would Lucullus on account longer be able to overcome no which he had of the impregnability of his position, of the ground. overlooked when himself in possession Moreover, winter was now approaching and would soon interrupthissuppliesby sea. Lucullus,observing this, reminded his friendsof his promise, and showed was them that his prediction practically accomplished. 73. Although Mithridates might perhaps even now Mithridates have been able to break through the enemy's lines by force of numbers, he neglected to do so, but cy^ic^^a pressed the siege of Cyzicus with the apparatus he had prepared,thinking that he should finda remedy in this way both for the badness of his position and for his want of supplies. As he had plenty of
"

375

APPIAN'S
CAP.
rov e7re\eip6i, BiTrXwyKol ra

ROMAN
re

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

a-raO/nov
kol

Xocna

Tei')("L a7roT"L)(^i^o)V TroXeco? airora^pevcov t)}?

eTrrjyi^vro, fM7]xava";
re

7" rjyeipettoWu, Xco/JLard 7rvpyov"; xal ^eXwi^a?

eKarov

eXeTToXiv Kpio(j)6pov";,

Kara^? eTepo"; 7rvpyo";eTrrjpro Tr^'^ewz^, e'^ Kara rroiKiXa a"fiieL"^. koX \i6ov"; Ka\ ^eXr] Xifieva^:Bvo irevrripeL^ i^evy/biivai, rrvpyov
oirore Trpoa-TreXdaeiav ef ov yicpvpa, ecpepov, viTo i^rjXXero, jxr^-^avri^ Tetxo?, "h";5'

TreXra?

he rov";
erepov
69
TO

eroL/ia avrq" irdvra eyeyevTjro, rrpcora fiev rpicyiXiov^ at^yuaXwTOL'? Kv^lk^vov"; errl vecov rfj TToXei irpoaqyev, ot %eZ/oa969
ro

T6t%o? 6peyovre";

rov"; ttoXl^eiaacrOaL KivBuvevovrcov eheovro "T(j)cbv Heia-iarparo^ avro2";, 6 arparr]yo"; 6 ra";, fj^expi' diro rov r(ov t6/%oi;? "K//pu^e Kv^LK7]V(bv, (jiepei TO eyKparo)^, al^ixaXoirov^yeyovora^. (TVfi/3alvov 74. 'O 8e ML6pi.Sdrr)"; o)? diriyvco rrjaBe tt}^' iirrjye vecov rr]V eirl rdv koI ?; /xTjxcci'tjv ireipa'i,
/cat d(f)Pco, i^rjXaro reaaape^ hr] kol air avrri"i avBpe"^ o5 /idXia-ra e^eBpafiov. KaLVorpoTTfp ^avevn KararrXayevre^; ol Kv^iktjvoI ^e ouk iirl fiev n vTTexd"p'"]crav, o^ea)9 erepwv

re

yedivpa

e? to

T6t^o9

dveddpp-r-iadv re /cat rov"; reaaapa^ eiriBpa/jiOPrcov Karewaav e"^ ro rah re vavalirvp/cal iriaaav e^w, eiri'xeavre'^ rjvdyKaaav Trpv/xvav re KpovaaaOai p.7]Xct'Vt'/fJLar Kal vTToxf^pe^^ oirlaw jxerd rov OdXaaaav Br) Kara row eirevexOevrcov Q)Be fiev rpira S' avrol^ iirrjyern e/cpdrovv ol Kv^ikijvol'
ra rr]"i avrr]"; rj/j,"pa";

ev

irdvra,

irovovfievoi^;re

TOt/9 /3ia^6/xevov.

Kal fieraOeovatv 69 to del direKavf^ev ovv Kpiov^ XiOoL";

firix^^Vf^^'''^ j^l^^ yfj rfj

376

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

he pushed the siege in every possible way. chap. soldiers He blockaded the harbour with a double sea wall ^^ and dug a trench around the rest of the city. He mounds, built machines, towers, and raisednumerous He penthouses with rams. constructed a siege high, from tower 100 cubits which rose another from tower, stones, and various which catapult-bolts, discharged. Two quinqueremes joined missiles were together carriedanother tower against the port,from by a mechanical which a bridge could be projected device when brought near the wall. When allwas in readiness he firstsent up to the city on ships he had taken 3000 inhabitants of Cyzicus whom prisoners. These raisedtheir hands toward the wall in supplicationand besought their fellow-citizens to but Pisistratus, spare them in theirdangerous position, the Cyzicean general,proclaimed from the walls that in the enemy's hands they must meet as they were their fate resolutely. 74. When this attempt had failed Mithridates brought up the machine erected on the ships and the bridge upon the wall and suddenly projected four of his men The Cyziceans were ran across. at Valiant first dumbfoundered by the novelty of the device and the^city"^ gave way somewhat, but as the rest of the enemy were slow in following,they plucked up courage and thrust the four over the wall. Then they poured burning pitch on the ships and compelled them to back out stern foremost with the machine. In this Cyziceans beat On way the off the invaders by sea. day, as a third resort, allthe machines on the the same landward side were massed against the toiling citizens,who flew this way and that way to meet the constantly shiftingassault. They knocked off the

377

APPIAN'S
CAP,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

ipLOiv Tri"; Xi^ov i) /3p6xoL"i av"K\cov rj ^opixol^ ^ia"^ i^eXvov, tS)v he ^eXcouroi? /nev nrvpc^opoi
vTTrjVTWv

e^eXeiiTov.
avveireaev

8' dXXa ra vBan kol o^ei, 7rpo/3oXaL" ifiarlaiv 606vat"; rr)^ ^opa"; Ke-)(^aXaa[jLevaL^ rj re aveXvov, 6X(o"^ ovSev TrpoOvpuia^ avSpl BvpaTT]^; By] kol rdSe avrol^

(pepeTrovcorara
kcu

ye Ka/coTraOovatv o/ici}";
e?

rov ov

eKavOrjrt rel^ovi;

eairepav.

ri? eVafJLrjv ecpOaae

avriKa avrcov

'in Oepjiov,aXV avro Xd/jLevo"; vvkto^ Be rcov ol Kv^iKr]voL. irepirpKoBofirjcrav

rjixepwvTTvevfia
ra

eTTcyevo/xevov irepieicXacre crcpoBpov

rov jSaatXeco^. /jLrjx^^vrj/ndrcov 3' ^ 7ro\t? efirrpoLKLov vrro Aio"; 75. Aey erai rfj BoOrjvai, Koi cre^ovcnvavrr]V ol K.v^lk7]1" Koprj Be rr)"i ev fj fidXtara deSiv. eTTeX6ovcrrj"; eoprrj";, Ovovcn l3ovi" eirfieXaivav, ol /juev ovk e')(pvre"; diro airov,/leXatva Be ^ov"; Xarrov etc rreXdyov^ Bievri'xero, koi avrov^ 7rpo"i rb /cXelOpovrov arofxaro"; vTroBvad re kol e? rriv ttoXlv iaBpa/iovaa eavrri"^ e? to lepov koI roL"; l3cofioL" oiBevaev d"p'
rwv

XoLTra

[lera ol Kv^LKrjvol Be MidpiBdrr) rw eA-TTtSo? eOvov, ol %p77(TT^9 (piXoi o)? lepd"; rrj";TroXeox; diroTrXevaai. avve^ovXevov 6po"=; 6 8' ov ireiaOel'^ eiri ro AlvBv/ulov vTrep/celdrr* dvyeiy avrov e? rr)v ttoXlv /jLCVOv Kol %Wyaa

rrapecrrrj. ravrrjv

fiev

ovv

koi virovopiOL^ ro TeZyo? e^ov, 7rvpyov"; re e^iarr}, dveKpr]/jivri. rov^ d-^peLOVii S* Xttttov^; ol rore 6vra";, kol 'X^coXevovra"; koI dadevel"^Bi drpocf^iav

AevKoXXof;
378

BiOvplav e? ef v7rorpi^f]";,
irep"aL
rov

irepieTTeinrev' oh
eTmrearwv

'VvvBaKov

e/c-

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

heads of the rams with stones, or broke them offwith chap. ^^ or deadened their blows with baskets the aid of nooses, of wooL They extinguished the enemy's fire-bearing missileswith water and vinegar, and broke the force of garments or linen cloths held of others by means looselyin front. In short, they left nothing untried that was within the compass of human energy. Although they toiled most perseveringly, yet a portion of the wall, that had been weakened by fire, gave way towards evening ; but on account of the heat nobody was in a hurry to dash in. The Cyziceans built another wall around it that night, and about this time a tremendous wind rose and broke the rest of the king's machines. 75. It is said that the city of Cyzicus was given by Zeus to Proserpina by way of dowry, and of all the gods the inhabitants have most veneration for her. Her festivalnow came around, on which they are a black heifer to her, and as accustomed to sacrifice they made one of paste. Just then a they had none to them from the sea, dived under black heifer swam the chain at the mouth of the harbour, ran into the city,found her own way to the temple, and took her place by the altar. The Cyziceans sacrificedher hopes. Thereupon the friends of Mithwith joyful ridatesadvised him to sailaway from the place since He ascended it was sacred, but he would not do so. Mount Dindymus, which overhung the city, and built a mound extending from it to the city walls,on time, which he constructed towers, and, at the same undermined the wall with tunnels. As his horses were not useful here, and were weak for want of food and had sore hoofs, he sent them by a roundabout fell Bithynia. Lucullus to as them way upon
379

APPIAN'S
CAP.
reive

ROMAN
koI

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

alx/^ciX(OTOV"^ eXa^ev civSpa^ B' [lev 69 ixvpiov^ Koi 7revTaKia)(L\bov";, lttttov^ e? iroWa. koX (T/cevocfyopa e^aKicrxiXiov^ 3' avro) Kat rdSe fiev rjv irepl K.v^lkov, tm ^ItOpL^dTov (TTpaT7]yo"i '^popw ^pvfyiav Ei^jaa;\;o? 'Fcojuatcov eKreive ttoXXov'^ fierd iralhdiv eirirpe)(^(iiv ritcrtSa? re koI ^laavpov^i virriyeTo Kol ^vvatKWV, tmv t/? TaXaTLKcov T"rpap)(^(bv KoX KiXiKLav, fiexpi' avrov kol AT]i6Tapo"i iTTiTToXd^ovra avvehiw^e
ttoWoix;,

7roWov";

SiecfyOeipev.

Trepl jxev ^pvy'iav roidBe eycypero, MiOptBdrov Se y^eifiaiv di^yprjro Kal "7nyev6p.6V0"; 6a\aTTy)"i dyopdv, e'/c Ci ware ri? rjv, rrjv tT;? iXl/jLcorre, kol ttoWoI /xev Trd/jiTrav6 arparof; S' dTriOvrjaKOP, ot kol cnT\dy)(ywv eyevovTo elal ivoaovv. ^ap/SapiKO)^' ol S' dWoL 7roy](f)ayovvT6"^ dyyov ra KOL v"/cpd crcpojv aTa"^apLTTrovjJLeva SieKaprepeiS' o/i")? Xijjlw. \oLfjLoveirrjyev enrl t" 6 MLdplSdT7]"i, eTl iXTTL^COV TTjV Kv^iKOV aip^]a"iv (iTTo TOt? rod Alv8v/.iov. o)? Be kol T0?9 ')^d)/.iaai koI rd"iiir avrcov ravO* vireavpovTO ol Hu^lkjjpol,
76. Kal

rod Xifxov eTTLpirpaaav, koi al(T6r,(jei pir]\avd"^ 7roWdKL"; eiTetc6eovTe"^rol"^ 7ro\ef2LOi"; dcrOeve6 yiidptSpacrfxov ardroL^ yeyovocriv eireTiOevro, SaT"79i/SovXeve, vvkto"^ auro? p.ev iirl Kal 6(^6vye Kara 6? Hdpiop, 6 Se (TrpaTo^ avrov tS)V vewv yrjv 6 S' KlarjTTov rov avrov"; 69 AdfiyjraKOP. 7repa)vra"i re pieya";, Kal errl rrorafxo^ rore /xdXLcrra dp9e\"^
7rorafi(p A"vkoXXo"; eiriSpafjicbv c58e ecpdeipei'. irapaaKevrjv TToXXrjv ^aaiXew^ fiev ol Kv^iK7-]vol dycovicrd/jLevoi, Kai avroL re 8L"(f)vyov, yevvaico"^ dywvd re avrw AevKoXXov. Xijxw meaQevro^ viro
ru)

380

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

they were crossing the river Rhyndacus, killed a chap. ^^ large number, and captured about 15,000 men, 6000 horses,and a large amount of baggage-animals. While these things were transpiring at Cyzicus Eumachus, one of Mithridates' generals, overran Phrygia and killeda great many Romans, with their the Pisidians wives and children,subjugated and the Isauriansand also Cilicia. FinallyDeiotarus, one of the tetrarchs of Galatia,drove the marauder away Such was the course of and slew many of his men. events in and around Phrygia. Mithridateswas deprived Famine 76. When winter came to him by sea, so that his of any supplieswhich came from hunger, and many of them army whole army suffered died. There were some who even afterthe tashion of the barbariansate the entrails. Others were made by herbs. Moreover on the sick subsisting corpses that were thrown out in the neighbourhood unburied brought on a plague in addition to the famine. Nevertheless Mitliridates continued his efforts, hoping stillto capture Cyzicus by means of the But Dindymus. mounds extending from Mount when the Cyziceans undermined them and burned the machines on them, and made frequent sallies upon his forces,knowing that they were weakened by want of food,Mithridatesbegan to think of flight. He fled by night, going himself with his fleet to B.a 73 Parius,and his army by land to Lampsacus. Many Flight of ^^ " lost their livesin crossing the river Aesepus, which LucuUus was then greatly swollen, and where Thus the Cyziceans escaped the attacked them. vast siege preparations of the king by means of their famine bravery Lucullus own brought that and of the upon the enemy. They instituted games in his

besiegi

^^

381

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
ra

BOOK

XII
koKov-

OefxevoL ^^^ reXovat, i^^XP^ Be tou? fi"va. MidpiSdrrj^;

ra?,
ere

AeuKoWeia

e?

Ad/jL-\}raKov "(T(pv'y6v
vav^ 7repLKa0r]/iivov,

rod

AevKoWov
v"a)v iirl

avv i^eKOfiiae iTTiTrefi^jra^

avrot^
viro

AafjbyfraKrjv
Ovapiw,

S'eiriKeKTOv; /u.vpiou";

TrevrrjKovTa

ol irefK^OevTi Tw 'AXe^dvSpo)
evvovx^p
TToXXa?

aTparrjyelv
rat?

leprcopiov,Kal
rw

IIa(l)\ay6vi, Kal AiovvaLO)

TrXeoaiv
avTwv

KaraXiTTcov,

e?

^LKOfjLr]heiav eifkei.
eKarepcov

iinyevofievo'; koX %et/xa)j'

BL"(j)0"Lp"V. t^?

77. AevKoXX.o"; 8' iirelto Kara yrjv e'tpyaoro 'Ao-ta? hiehwKe Ik dyeipa"i Bca Tov Xl/jLOv, vav^
Tot9

Kal TpiapLO";fiev ^ATrdjiecav etXev i'jmrXeva-a'^, Kal ttoXXt] tmv ^Airap.icov e? rd iepdiyevero acpayyau/ncpvyovrcov rw Se UpovacdSa elXe rrjv Trpo? opei, Kal Bdp^a^ MiOpiBdrov roiv NUacav eK(^veXa/Se, cppovpcov Xijieva 'A%a/wi' Be tov AevKoXXo^ yovTwv. irepl tmv 7ro\"p,i(ov. Ovdpiov Be TpiaKaiheKa vav"; eVXe Aripuvov iv Kal Aiovvcnov irepl Kal ^AXe^avBpov iprjjjir) ev9a BeUvvTai /3copiO' v}](r(p KaTa\a(3d)V, ^iXoKTi]Tov Kal To^aKal Ocopa^ Kal x^^Xkov^ 6(f)L"; fivTjp^a tt}?eKeivou Trd6r]";, raiviai^ ireplBeTO^,

a/i^'

avrov

(npari'j'yovaLV.

eiTeTrXei fiev avTol"i poOiw

re

iroXXco

Kai

pera

evaTaOo)^ KaTacppopyjaeco';, Kara

S' eKeivwv vTTopbevovTwv Bvo vav^ eTTLTrefiTrcoi' ecTTYjae ttjv elpealav, Kal 8' eKeivwv ov e? eKiiXovv. aaXevovTcov rjpeOi^ev dX\^ diro y7]"idp.vvopbevwv, t7jv vrjaov TrepiiirXeuae
erepat^i
vavai,

tov"; avvyfXaae

e? avTrjv Kal 7re^ov"; ixOpov";iirl Td";vav"i.

ol B' e? fiev

eK^iBdaa^

3^2

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

honour, which they celebrate to this day, called the chap. ^^ Mithridates sent ships for those Lucullean games. in Lampsacus, where they who had taken refuge were stillbesieged by Lucullus, and carried them Lampsacus themselves. away, together with the citizens of Leaving 10,000 picked men and fiftyships general sent to him by Sertorius), under Varius (the Dionysius the and Alexander the Paphlagonian, and bulk of his force for eunuch, he sailed with the Nicomedia. A storm came up in which many of both divisions perished. 77. When Lucullus had accomplished this result Lucuiius "^* land by starving his enemies, he collecteda fleet on gim from the Asiatic province and distributed it to the generals serving under him. Trirarius sailed to Apamea, captured it,and slew a great many of the inhabitants who had taken refuge in the temples. Barba took Prusias, situated at the base of a mountain, and occupied Nicaea, which had been At the abandoned by the Mithridatic garrison. harbour of the Achaeans Lucullus captured thirteen Varius and of the enemy's ships. He overtook Lemnos on a barren Alexander and Dionysius near island (where the altar of Philoctetes is shown with the brazen serpent, the bow, and the breast-plate a memorial bound with fillets, of the sufferingsof that hero), and sailedagainst them contemptuously But as they resisted steadily, he at full speed. and sent his ships towards them checked his oarsmen As they by twos in order to entice them out to sea. declined the challenge, but continued to defend themselves on land, he sent a part of his fleetround disembarked a force of to another side of the island, infantry, and drove the enemy to their ships. Still

383

APPIAN'S
CAP.
TO

ROMAN
ovk

HISTORY,

BOOK

XIT

7reXa709

SeSiore?, "yr)"i Trapa Se rrjv jrjv irXeovTe";, ek re rt}? 6a\daar]"i d/jL(f)i^o\oi jLyvofievoi KareKol

rov rjcf)L"aav,

AevKoWov

arparov

Tr}"i
^

kol ttoXu? yv avTcov ^6vo"; (pvyrj. S* "v ofr-qkaiw Oudpcof; re i\7](f)9r](7av KpuTTTo/jievot koI Aiovvato^i 6 evvovxo'i. kol Kal Kke^avhpo^; 6 jxev Aiovvaio"i, tticov oirep rjyero avTMV (j)dp-

TLTpcoa/covro,kol

fjLaKov,

avrUa

direOave, Ovapiov

S' diaipeOrjvat,
^Vwfialov

ov "ydp eBoKet irpocera^e dvhpa ^ov\"VTr}V he Opiap/Seveiv. 'AXefai/S/oo?

Aeu/coXXo?*

Trepl 'VwpaioL"^ Sdcbvr] tcl eTreareXX-e, ypd/x/juara TCOvSe iirl Se avTO"; viKai";' co? e^o? earlv irepi/SaXcov, e? BiOvviav. rjireiyeTO 78. MiOpLSdrj} 8' e? Uovrov eairXiovTiyeipioov dvBpcov d/ii(f)l 69 5k iiTi'yL'yveTai, tou? Kal tmv

"9

icfyvXdacrero. rrjv TTOfiTTTjv koI A"VKoWo"i

St"(f)ddpr]a dfjL(f)l /jLvpiov; rd^ i^rJKOvra Kal vrj""^

009 eKacTTrjv 6 'xeipioiv at he Xoiiral Biepptcfirja-av, he prjyvv/xev7]"; avTO"i i^7]V"yK"v. T779 (TrpaTriyiho"i dirayopevovTWv twv Xyarcov "9 ^lXwv, aKd(po";, Xyarai avrov ol o/iici)"; Kal "9 '^cvcoTrrjv eve^rj' i"; 'A/icaov d-rro KdXw Sieacoaav. o9ev 6 fjiev hiairXewv, 77/009 re rov Krjhearrjv Tiypdvrjv rov Wpfieviov Kal "9 Maxdprjv rov vlov, dpxovra iiTLKOvpelveireiyayv Boarrropov,TrepLeTre/jiirev, eKd%Kv6a^ rov"; 6fi6pov"; re 69 repov. ^j^pwcroi^ Kal dXX' 6 hoipa iToXXd AiofcXea ^"peiv CKeXevev. fxev AevKoXXov re S(opoL"; avT(H"; ^puo-tw 7rpo"; koI avTw 3' eVi rjvTop^oXrjo-e,AevKoXXo^ vIkj}Opaaea)"; i-fj irpoloov 69 TO irpoaOev Kal rd ev iroalv diravra irpovvopievev* ola 5* evSai/xovo"i %co/5a9 XCipovfJbevo"; d7roXep.7]TOV, dvEpdiroSov ro piev Kal TToXvv xpoi'ov

384

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

they did not venture out to sea, but defended chap. themselves from the shore, because they were afraid ex{)osed of the army of Lucullus. Thus they were both sides,landward and seaward, to missiles on and received a great many wounds, and after heavy slaughter took to flight. Varius, Alexander, and Dionysius the eunuch were captured in a cave where they had concealed themselves. Dionysius drank poison which he had with liim and immediately expired. Lucullus gave orders that Varius should be good to lead a put to death, for it did not seem Roman senator in triumph, but he kept Alexander to adorn his procession. He then sent letters wreathed with laurel to Rome, as is the custom of victors, and then pressed forward to Bithynia. 78. As Mi thridateswas sailingto Pontus a second tempest overtook him and he lostabout 10,000 men and about sixty ships, and the remainder were His own Mlthndates scatteredwherever the wind blew them. ship sprang a leak and he went aboard a small piraticalcraftalthough his friendstried to dissuade him. shf^wre The pirateslanded him safelyat Sinope. From that place he was towed to Amisus, whence he sent appeals to his son-in-law,Tigranes the Armenian, and porus, his son, Machares, the ruler of the Cimmerian Bosthat they should hasten to his assistance. He ordered Diodes to take a large quantity of gold and other presents to the neighbouring Scythians,but Diodes took the gold and the presents and deserted to Lucullus. Lucullus moved forward boldly after b.o. 72 his victory, subduing eveiything in his path and subsisting on the country. As it was a rich district, exempt from the ravages of war, the price of a slave

385

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

i'yiyvero, 6 Se /3oi}c reTTapcov Spax/^^v avrUa iadij"ikoX yu-ta?, aly6"; Be /cat irpolSara koX 5' \oL7ra Kara TCL TovTwv \6yov. AevKoWo"; ^Kjjlkjuj *A/jLLa6v nva ^viraToplav, re

koX 6 TTapcpKohofxriaev
eavrov a(f)^ a)v6p.a^"v

yiiOpLhdrt]^ ^viraropiav

i^v

rfj

re

koI ^aaiXeia rjyelTO,Trepc"eptkrepw arparw iwoXiopKei, kol Kadrjp.evo'^

(TKvpav, Tj
Trapa
rov Tcov

TLvo"? ^Apa^ovcov

ovtra eiroovvpLO's

S' ^epfKoBovra Trorapov ecmv. tovtcov iTriKaOrjpevoL 7rvpyov"; ol p,ev Tot? ("ep,i(TKupLOL"; virovoavTOi"; /cat x^/^^'''^ e^^coi^i^uoi^ fcal eTrrjyov
ovTQ)

peyciXov^ to? ev avTol"^ inTix^ipecv viTO rrjv yrjv aWr]\oi"; Kara 7r\rj6o"i 67ra"; opuTavwOev e? auTOv"i Kol ol Septcr/cvpcot T0VT"^, apicrov^; re Ka\ Orjpia erepa fcal apur^vr
p.ov"ia"pvTTOV,

TC hij

ipya^op"Vov"; Toi)"^ evejBaXKov. ol S' rr)v ^Afiiaov erepov rpoirov epox^ovv, airoap(^\ pa^pp^kvwv avT0v"; TcovWpiaecov kol TToWdKL^ eicOeovTcov KoX e? irpoKoXovpevcov. MtOpipjovopaxjia,^ Sdrrj'i S* avToX"i TroXXrjv dyopav kol OTrXa /cal ev9a x^ipd^wv crrparidv eirepLTrev i/c Ka^eipcov,
pLekiaaoiV
e?

dWov tcai avvrfkdovavrw crvvekeyev. he e? jerpalinTel^; pev i"iTeTpaKiapLvpiov"^, Tre^ol

(TTparov

fcLO-xi'^lov";.
XII
CAP.

6 pL"v Aey/roWo? Slo. 79. 'larapevov S* ripo"; tcov 8' yiiOpihdrrjv TOP opwv iirl exf^p^t. TrpocjyvXaKal ^aav eKEivcp KwXveLv re AevKoWov, koI hiairvp-

386

THE
at
once

MITHRIDATIC

WARS
an

became four drachmas, of

ox

one,

and of chap.

tion. goats,sheep, clothing,and other things in proporAmisus Lucullus laid siege to and also to Eupatoria,which Mithridates had built alongside of
Amisus
as
1

naming

it after himself, and

his seat of empire. With besieged Themiscyra, which is named afterone of on the river Thermodon. the Amazons and issituated The besiegers of this place brought up towers, built

regarding it another army he

ranean mounds, and dug tunnels so large that great subterbattleswere fought in them. The inhabitants cut openings into these tunnels from above and
thrust bears and other wild animals and swarms of bees into them against the workers. Those who besieging Amisus sufferedin other ways. The were

inhabitantsrepelled them

bravely, made

frequent

sallies, and often challenged them to singlecombat. Mithridates sent them plenty of suppliesand arms from Cabira,where he wintered and collected and soldiers a new army. Here he brought together about 40,000 foot and 4000 horse.
xn Lucullus marched over the chap. spring came mountains against Mithridates, who had stationed advanced posts to hinder his approach, and to signal

79. When

Amisus was on Another geographical error. the distance inland. a Eupatoria considerable coast, and ^

sea-

campaign Lucullus
against

ggjo^^j of

Mithridates

387

APPIANS
CAP.
(jeveiv 01

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

avve\M^,

"k Tr}? (f"v\aK7](;

el n jiyvoiro. koX ypx^ rijaSe IsjIlO piharov Tf? avr]p rov ^aaiXeiov

yevov;,

eVel AevKoWo^ eVeXa^e, Se AevKoWov MtOpiSaTrj jxev SteTTvpa-evcrev, e? Svvd/jL"a)";. rjvTopLoXrjae fiera ri]"i koI 6 AevKoWo"; i^ K.d^etpa ra oprj hie^ekOoov aSew? 7/S77 Kare^rj. 8' ^liOpiSdrrj re tipo"; liryevo/juevrjf; avTO) koX r]TTcojuiei"o"i av9i"^e? to opo"i dveOopev. 'Troixa')(^La"^, Ilofnra)vio"; 6 Se Xinrapxo'^i avrov e? M-LOpLBdrrjv
o?, ovofjia ^olvi^'
"

/SaatXec dprj^^rj' TeTp(o/jLevo"; koX rrrvOo/jLevcp riva

hvvairo dirohovvai, el jieVy^ X^P^^ ol TrepiacoOeli; GV irdvv ttoWov ykvoio AeuKoWrp, (/)tXo9 ecj^rj, d^lav el 3' ix^po'ieLr]";, coSe ovSe ^ovXevaopaL.'^ direKpivaro'koI avrov roiv fiev 6 TioiJirr(jL"vio"s
"

6 ^aaiXev^ elirev ^ap^dpwv Kreivetvd^tovvrcov, dperrjv. eicrdcrcrcov ovK 6? druxovauv "^v/3pL"LV

he (Tvvexoi^y ov
Kajiovra

i"; tov fid^VT^

AevKoWov,

iir avrov kul tl"; di"r)p i^ijrei. TTepucov avd/Saaiv ev ovo/xa 'OX/c'/'/^a?, avropoXo^; o)v T0VT(p ^Kv6ri"^, "K Kai "9 AevKoWov rrji' ttjWov, irapa

TToXXouv TTeptcrcoaa^, koX hi avro iTTTro/jiaxiCLi^ re yvdi/irji; Kal fcal irapd rov AevKoWov rpaire^T]'^ diTopprjTwv d^Lovfievo^, rjKev eirl rrjv crKt]vr]v dvaTravofjuevov, avrov Trepl pear^pi^piav Kal iaeXOelv rov ^pa^v Kal avvrjde^iirl ^coo-rr}

njvSe

irepLKeifievo^. po"; e7;^etptSioz/ Kco\v6pevo(;h' eXeyev i^avarjyavdKret, Kal XP^^^^ rwd eireiyeiv he OepaTrevnjpoi rwv arparrjyov. crri]crai rov ^T^pT/crz/^corepoi/ elvai AevKoXXrp

ej3idt,zro,

ovhev elirovrcDv

rov rPj^ aQ)rrjpua";, eire^r)

lttttov

avrUa Kal e?

rov

388

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

continuously with beacons whenever anythinpj should chap ^^^ happen. He appointed a member of the royal family, of this advanced guard. named Phoenix, commander When Lucullus drew near, Phoenix gave the firesignal to Mithridates and then deserted to Lucullus Lucullus now the with his forces. passed over down to Cabira, mountains without difficulty and came but was beaten by Mithridates in a cavalryengagement Pomponius, and retreated again to the mountain. his master of horse, was wounded and taken prisoner and brought to the presence of Mithridates. The king asked him what favour Pomponius could render him if his lifewere spared. The Roman replied, "A most valuable favour if you make peace with Lucullus, but if you continue his enemy I will not even consider your question." The barbarians wanted to put him to death, but the king said that he would not do violence to bravery overtaken by misfortune. He drew out his forcesfor battle several days in succession, but Lucullus down and fight ; so he looked about would not come for some tain. way to reach him by ascending the mounAt this juncture Scythian, a Olcaba, named time before and who had deserted to Lucullus some had saved the lives of many in the recent cavalry fight, and for that reason deemed was worthy to share Lucullus' table, his confidence, and his secrets, to his tent while he was came taking his noonday rest and tried to force his way in. He was wearing his custom. When a short dagger in his belt as was he was prevented from entering he became angry
a and said that there was pressing need that the general should be aroused. The servants replied that there was nothing more needful to Lucullus than his his horse safety. Thereupon the Scythian mounted

389

APPlAiN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

'^iLOpiBdryjv i'^iifkacrev, elre eTri/BovXevcov tealho^a^ vo/jllelVe avv opyfj, uTTOTrrevea-OaL, irepiv^piaOai

^(ov.

erepov

re

%Kv6r)v, ovofia

So/3dSaKov,

MiOpiBdrrj ^ovkeveLv Tw e? AevKoWov 6V6(j)7]v6 fxev Sr) avueXa/i^dvero, avTOfxoXiav. %o/3d8a/co'i Be ryv KdOoSov rrjv e? to ireSlov iKTp"7r6fJi"VO"i, llTirOKpaTOVVTWV TOiV 7T0\"p,L(i)V KoX ev TreploSov eripav oy^ opoiv, r}vpev GirriXaiw drpairodv Kvvrjyov opeicov c5 '^pcopevo^; eTriaT^/iova, 6Sov(; drpi^ec'^ rjye/iovt Kara TrepLrjXdev vnep McOpLBdrou, teal rov KaTrjei fiev eKKXLva"; Ke(j)d\7]"i Bid tou? Xttttgv^, ^apdBpav Be /catTore to irehiov 6"/jL6vo"; ecrrpaTOireBevaev. vBaTo"i iv 7rpo/3o\f} diropSyv 8' uyopd"^ e? l^aTnraBoKiav eirefJiiTev eirl
80. Aeu/coXXo?
(7LT0V,

KOl

e?

TOL'9

TToXeyLttOf?7]Kpo/3o\L^"TO, pie)(p^,
rwv

TTore cf)6vy6vTO)v CLTTO

6 MiOpLBurrj^; ^aaCkiKcov,

Kal eTrnrXrj^a y^dpaKO'i eTTiBpap^cov ovro) avrov^, iTriarpecjiev koI 'P(o/iaLov"; KaTe(f)6 dvco Bid d)^; rcov ^rjaev opwv ^evyovTa"; ays'diroiroXepLioiV e? ttoXv, dXX ardvrcdv alaOeaOai tmv rod
"fca(TTOV

yp/eiaOairov

ol Kal aupL"f}"vyovTd

eiTLOvra

irdvv KaTeTreirXtioiriaOev etvai iroXepiov ovro) yeaav. vlKr]"i Kal 6 ^1l6piBdni^ irepl rrjaBe t"}? S' rcov irepieirefji'irev. iTrTricov 'iravra')(ov ypd"pa)p Brj to /jLa')(^ifMcoTaTO TToXv pepo^, Kal /xaXLara Ka7r7raBoKLa"; i(f)"Bp"veiv TOt? eK Tr]v

eVa^e

tt}?

dyopdv

TM

AevKoXXo)

eXirit^wv aTroplci (^epovaiv,

avTO^

ev

avTov yevo/xevov ireiaeaOai, olov Tpo(f)cov K.v^lkov. eiraOe irepl

390

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

and went immediately to Mithridates^either because chap. he had plotted against Lucullus and now thought "^^^ that he was suspected,or because he considered himselfinsultedand was angry on that account. He exposed to Mithridates another Scythian, named Sobadacus, who was meditating desertingto Lucullus, and Sobadacus was accordinglyarrested. He crosses 80. Lucullus hesitated about going down directly into the plain since the enemy was so much superior in horse,nor could he discoverany way round, but ^a^g^"** he found a hunter in a cave who was familiar with for With him he a the mountain paths. guide made Mithridates' a circuitousdescent by rugged paths over head. On this occasion too he avoided the plain on down and chose a account of the cavaliy, and came place for his camp where he had a mountain stream hisfront. As he was short of supplies he sent to on Cappadocia for corn, and skirmished with the enemy day, when the royal forces were put to until one flight, Mithridates came running to them from his them, and so camp and, with reproachful words,rallied terrified the Romans that they fledup the mountain side with such swiftness that they did not know for forcehad desisted from a long time that the hostile the pursuit,but each one thought that the fleeing comrade behind him was an enemy, so great was the Mithridates sent panic that had overtaken them. bulletinseverywhere announcing this victory. He then sent a largedetachment composed of the bravest of his horse to intercept the convoy that was bringing supplies from Cappadocia to Lucullus, hoping to bring upon him the same scarcity of himself he from had suffered at provisions which Cyzicus. 391

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
TO

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

81. Kal

fieya r)v, cnroKKelaai jxep ivdv/jbtj/xa

"K

expvra KaiTTTafi6vr)"i hoKim' ol S' i7nT"L"; ol /3aaL\eco"; toI^ '7rpoSp6fiOL" iv arevcp iTepiTV-)(ovTe";, Tcov koX ov/c (TiTOcpopcov dxpelov cw? uva/jL"LvavT""i e? evpvx^uipiavirpoeXOelv, iv o) koI ip arevu) eTroLrjaav. ttjv lttttov a"j)L(Ti ^Fco/ialot, ^dd(7avTe"; ef ohotiTopta^ e? /J'^xv^

Tpo(jiMV

AevKoWov,

tmv (BaaCkiirapaaKevdaaaOai, tou? i^ev eKreivav tov^ KMV, ^o^]Oovar]f; ola 7re^0L"i t^9 hv(T')((opLa^, he hieppLy\ra he "9 ra? TTerpa^; tov"; Karrjpa^aVy to e? arparooXljol Be vvkto'^ v7ro"f)ev'yovTa"i. re Kal jjlopol TTt^piyepecrOaL TreSop ^LadpapiovTe^;

XeyopTe^;, /xeya

op

3' hie9p6r]aav. M.idpiBdri]^;

KoWov

to a(pLcn

avfi^dv/xeL^ovax
auTO

Trpo rod

Aev-

re, Kal AevKoWop 7ru66/jiep6"i avriKa iTTTrecop aTTwXeta ol cttI TocTTjSe

eXTrtcra?

irpoaTre-

eirevoeL, vir" Kal johe aelaOai, ^vyrjp e'/CTrXi/^eo)? ep eu6v^ e^e^epep ol Be, roh cj)L\oL"i rfj(TKr]pr}. irpivTL yepeadaL 7rapdyye\/ia, pukto"; en, airovhf) e/c tou arparoTreBov rd tBia eKaaT0"i e^eirefxirep iroXv TreplTa? TruXa? (JKevo^opwp Kal (odovfjiepcop rjv. oirep rj (TTparid Oecofj,epr] Kal T0v"i 7r\r]0o"; eiriyLyvooaKOvaa, Kal T07rdt,ovaa TroWd "f"epopTa"; Beei, droTrcorepa, "jvv Kal dyapaKrrjaei rou fjLrjBep einBpaydpaKa avTol^ iirrjyyeXOaL,top cr^wi^ ""? eK TreBlov fjuopre^eXvop, Kal BLe^evyop irdproOev dvev Bvpacro avrcjp, dKoayL(ii"^t CKaaro^ oirr} crrpa6 T^yov Kal eTncrrdrov '7rapayye\/iaT0";. wv re 'MiOpcBdrr}'; dra^iayiyvoKal avp

o^vrepov

eK fjLepwp ala06/jLepo";, e^eBpafiev

t^9

e? (JKrjP?]"i

392

THE
81. It was
an

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

excellent idea,to cut off Lucullus'chap. ^^^ drawn from Cappadocia alone, which were supplies, but when the king's cavah-y came upon the advance defile, they did not guard of the convoy in a narrow theirenemies had reached the open country. wait till Consequently their horses were uselessin the narrow put their marching space,where the Romans hastily column in line of battle. Aided, as foot-soldiers of the ground, would naturallybe, by the difficulties they killed some of the king's troops, drove others in flight. over precipices,and scattered the rest A few of them escaped to theircamp by night,and so that rumour said thatthey were the only survivors, magnified the calamity,which was indeed sufficiently before great. Mithridates heard of this affair Lucullus did, and he expected that Lucullus would men take advantage of so great a slaughterof his horseto attack him forthwith. Accordingly in his Panic in the and at once panic he began to contemplate flight, in his tent. Mrthrida communicated his purpose to his friends They did not wait for the signal to be given, but sent his own night each one hastily while it was still baggage out of the camp, and there was a great crush the of pack animals around the gates. When saw what the perceived the commotion, and soldiers doing, they imagined every baggage-carrierswere sort of absurdity. Filledwith terror, mingled with to them anger that the signal had not been given fortification own also,they ran and demolished their a plain, as it Avas and scattered in every direction, helttr-skelter, without orders from the commanding Mithridates general or any other officer. When he dashed perceived the hurried and disorderlyrush out of his tent among them and attempted to say

393

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
n

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

avroi)^

Kol Xeyeiv
en,

ovTO";
6?
Tov

avvOXi^eU

S' iaaKovirre')(eipeiy ovS"vo"; kol KaTeireae, co? iv irX-rjOeL

ra

LTTTTOv

dva/SXTjOeh e?

opr]

avv

o\Lyoi";

i(f""p"TO.
Be rfj"; ireplrrjv ajopav evirpakol tmv rrjv (f)vyr)v TToXe/jLLcov 7ta? TrvOofievo^, lSa)V,eirX jxev tou? iK(f)vy6vTa(; eTvefJure Slmkclv eri, Kara iTTirea^ irokXov^, roU Be crvaiceva^ofJievoL^;
82. AevKoWof;
TO

(TTpaToireBovtou?
rw

ev fiT) BiapTTa^etv

e/ceXeve Tre^ou? Trepiorijcraf;

Tore
re

a\Xa iJ/r]Bev,

Kreiveiv

ol a(^"LB6}"^.
TToXXa
(jirjcrav
KOL

tov

apyvpa y^pvaa kol Oeco/jLevoi TroXvTeXel"^ ea-OrjTa^; e^eavTOv tov re 7rapayyeXfxaT0"i.

CTfcevT]

Be

nva '^liO r^jjilovov ol KaraXafjLl3dvovTe"^, PlBclttiv T(ov 69 TO ady/j,a irpo')(^pvao(f)6pci)v 7raTa^avT""i, tov irepl ToBe yevofievoL Bia')(^pvaLOv 7rea6pTO"; K6/xava irepielBov66ev 69 Tiypdvtp 69 "f)vyeLu

e? avv "(j)vye ev 01) e/ceXevae BLaiTr}"; irpoae/jLevof;, 'ycopioi^ oyjnv Brj koX fidXiaTa OTe ^aatXiKrj"; d^iovaOai, tt)?

6 Be Imreva-L Bia-)(^tXLOi"i.

avTov

^dK^ov dpxv^ diroyvov^ 6 ^liOpiBaTr]'^

to.

evvov')(wv
avTOv kui

eirepLTreve'9
Ta9

Ta9 ^aalXeia,

dBeX(f)d"^

yvvatKa^; fcal 7raXXaKd";, oirr) Buvairo, dvekol XovvTa. ^Lcpeai at p-ev Brj Bie^OelpovTo

pbdKOi";
e'9 TOV

KOL

Beivd (Bpoxoi^,
tov (^povpapyoi

irt lovaat,'

Tavra

6pS)VTe"^ ol

MiOpiBdTOV

B' d0poa)";

(pap-

AevKoXXov p-ereTudevTO, %ci)/?l9 oXiywv. kol 6 AevKoXXof; avTOv"; eTricov KaOiaTaTo, koI Ta9 eirX YiovTov 7roX,et9 irepurXewv ypec,"AfiaaTptv re Tou Kol 'UpdKXeiav KaX "Tepa";. S'dvrelx^v ert KapTepoi^, kol Bievav83. ^LvcoTTT]
ov KaKm. lji,d')(riaev

iToXLopKOvjxevoL Be

Ta9

vav^

394

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

something, but nobody would listento him. He was chap. crushed in the crowd and knocked from his horse, but remounted and was borne to the mountains with

few followers. 82. When Lucullus heard of the success of his he provisiontrain and observed the enemy's flight, sent out a large force of cavalry in pursuit of the fugitives. Those who were still collectingbaggage in the camp he surrounded with his infantry, whom he ordered for the time to abstain from plunder,and to kill indiscriminately. But the soldiers, seeing in vesselsof gold and of silver abundance and much costly clothing, disregarded the order. Those who overtook Mithridates himself cut open the pack saddle of a mule that was loaded with gold, which fell out, and while they were busy with it they From thence he allowed him to escape to Comana. fled to Tigranes with 2000 horsemen. Tigranes did Mithridate" refuge not admit him to his presence, but ordered royal ^J^^^ '^'S^^^es entertainment to be provided for him on his estates. Mithridates,in utter despair of his kingdom, sent the eunuch Bacchus to his palace to put his sisters, wives and concubines to death in any way he could. They were stabbed,poisoned,and hanged, lamenting their fate,but when the garrison commanders of Mithridates saw to these things they went over Lucullus in a body, allbut a few. Lucullus marched b.c. 70 He also sailedLucullus to these towns and regulatedthem. the cities on the Pontic coast and [hi round among PonTic "ties captured Amastris, Heraclea and some others. 83. Sinope continued to resisthim vigorously, and fought him on the water not without the inhabitants
a

395

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
e? Ta";

XII

ra?

SieTrpyjaav, /3apVTepa"; koI a^wv

KOV(f)0
Se
Tr]v

repa^

e'/LtySaz^re? aTreSpacrav. AevKoWo^

iXevOepav ttoXlv "v0u";

rfv. AvToXvKov
avarparevovTa,
vtto

o roiovhe rjc^Ui 'HpaKXei eirl (paaiv, Ta^^Afia^6va";

hi ivvirviov,

KUTa^et/xwz^o?e? 'Zivcoirrjv

Kal r/}?TToXew? Kparrjaai- av8pia"; re '^Orjvat Sivcoirevatv ov rot? expct-, ol jxev Stvcoae^d(T/jLLO"i
7ret9
ou

iTrayayeaOai, oOovat^ "9 (f)0d(TavTe"; (jiuyrjv

avrov

Kol KaXcpSloi^TrepiiSrjcrav' ovSei'8' 6 Aev/coXko^

vtt^ etSft)? ovSe irpo/xaOcbv eho^ev

kXtjOcU

dvlpidirra rr}? "7rL0var]"i rov TLVMV eKkvaai TrepiSelSXi^fJievov irTapa(^ep6vr(iiv vvkto^; KeXevaa^, elSevolov eSo^e ecopatcevai. to
opav
avTov, kol

fjLev Br) ivvTTviov roiovSe rjv, AevKoXXo"^

Be /cat

^AfiKTOv iirl
fievo'^B'

i/c(l)vyovTQ crvvwKL^ev, rfjSivcjottt)

^A/j.Lcre(ov Sid OaXdaai]'^, rrvvOavo-

TOiv fiev 6/xot""9

(piXort/jLOv^evo^; 'Arri/cou,avrovo/uLOV ^(j)i" *AXe^dvBp(p ireplyevo^

rrjv ttoXlv
kol

WOr]vaLwv avTov"^ OaXaaaoKparovvTcov xp7)(ra/JL6V0V"; a-WMKLcrdai,Kal Srj/jLOKpaTia eVt dvaVTraKOVcrai, ^acnXevcr'v TToXv Tol^ T[epcnKoi"; S' avTov"=; e? rr^v BrnxohcpaTiav ck yayovTO^ irpoardyfiarof; ^AXe^dvBpouirdXiv BovXevaai Tol"i HovTLKOi^. 6 AevKoXXn^; oU dpa av/ji7raO}]"i e"p' re, kol yevofJLevo^i ye koI oBe iirl
VTT

rov"^

'Ayuicrea? Kara

rd^o^

avve-

^AjjlktovAevKoXkol KdXei. a)Befiev Bt]^ivcoiri^v Ma;^a/3?7 rw Xo? irropOei re kul kol GVvcpKil^e, TratBlru) MtOpiBdrov, BoaTropov re /SaacXevoprt 396

THE
success,

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

but when they were besieged they burned chap. ^^^ on their heavier ships, embarked the Hghter ones, Lucullus at once it a free away. made and went city, being moved thereto by the following dream. It is said that Autolycus, the companion of Hercules in his expedition against the Amazons, driven was into by a tempest Sinope and made himself master of the place, and that his consecrated statue gave oracles to tlie Sinopeans. They had not time to take it with them in their flight, so they wrapped it up with linen cloths and ropes. Nobody told Lucullus of this beforehand, and he knew nothing about it, but he dreamed that he saw Autolycus calling him, men and the following day, when some passed him carrying the image wrapped up, he ordered them to take off the covering and then he saw what he had in the night. Such was seen his thought he dream. After Sinope Lucullus restored to their homes the citizens of Amisus, who had fled by sea in like manner, because he learned that they had been settled there by Athens when she held the empire of the sea ; that they had had a democratic form of government at first, and afterwards had been for a long time to the kings of Persia ; that subject had been restored to them by decree their democracy of Alexander ; and that they had finally been Lucullus the kings of Pontus. compelled to serve sympathized with them, and in emulation of the favour shown to the Attic race by Alexander he gave the city its freedom and recalled the citizens with all haste. After thus desolating and repeopling both Sinope and Amisus Lucullus entered into friendly relationswith Machares, the son of Mithridates and ruler of the Bosporus, who had sent him a crown of

397

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

arro ')(^pvcrov, (pikiav Trefi'^avn 3' Tiypdvov^;. MiOpLBdrjjv irapa avvedero, e^rjTei

ol /cat are(f)av6v
Kol
e?

^Aalav avr6"; eTravekOcov, (x^eikovaav ^vWcLcov en Twv rerapra jxev iirl roU eiri^oXoiV, KapTTOL^, TcXr] 8' eVl to?? depdirovcri koX ral'i iinvLiCLa Wvev co? hrj rov KOL olKiai^
Tijv

wpi^ev.

TToXe/jLOv KaTcopOcoKco^;. inl Be raL"; dv(TLat"; 84. 'EttI

Tiypdvrjv, ovk earpdreve avv hvo EKhihopra ol Tov lS/ItOpiSdT^]v, 7revTaKoaLot";. koI reXeoLV e7n\eK70L"^ kol liT'irevai
rov

p-ova rd xPW^'f^^ ''"ot'? 'Ev(f)pdrrjv irepdaa^;, ^c p^dpovf; alrcbv hicohevev ol yap dvSpe"; ovk Aev/coWov ecrre tl eirdXepLovv, ouS'rj^lovv irda'^etv,
TOV

KOL

Tiypdvrj Tiypdvrjv eV dX\y\ot"i SiafcptOrivaL.

eTTLovra

5' ovBei^i 6p,i]vv"u

AevKoWov
vir avrov,

ydp

rot

auvrapdcravTov aeiv ra? vop.LaavTO";. co? Bi irore 7r6\ei"; Bia^i'Mt0pol3ap^dvr]v irpovireix-rre /Jberd jjffOeTO, Bp6p,ov. AevKoXkov Xlwv lirirewv, eVfcr^eti^rov M.ayKai(p Be HiypavoKepra
eKCKpepaaro 7rpa)T0"; elirodv
Tjv
TLva

iToXiv, W9

P'Oi

eTrerpe-^ev (puXdrreiv eirl Tip^fj nTpoelpr]Tai, rf)

/5acrtXeu?ev eKelvw yeveaOau rw X^ptVo Kol tov"; dpLcrTOv; e? avrrjv avveKdXei, avvcpKL^e, BeBrjpevLev, oaa i^Tjfiiav p^rjpier
eavrov

adai.

eTTLTLOel^i, relxv '^^ avroh

a(^epo
to

'^^ vyjro^, TT'^XV Kara KOL ^aaikeia koX irapaBeiaov^

eiroUi paKpov^,

iTrTroaraaLOJv

irevTi-jKovrarrepie^aXe ev rw ^dOei yepovra,

dyypv
irdvra
398

Be
Tore

kol

MayKal^

koI Kvvrjyeaia TroWd dvLcrrrjKaprepov. c^povpiov

ravT

irpodaTeiov kol \ip,va"^'

Koi

i7nTpeyjfa";, Trepii^e

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

the surrender of Mithridateschap. gold, and demanded from Tigranes. Then he went back in person to the ^^^ ^ ^^^^ province of Asia, which still owed part of the fineim- ti)" posed by Sulla, and imposed on it a twenty-five per surrender cent, tax on crops, and taxes on slaves and house- Mithridates to the property. He offered a triumphal sacrifice to a xl^anes gods, as though he had brought the war issue. successful 84. After the sacrifice had been performed he B.a 69 marched with two })ickedlegions and 500 horse He marches against Tigranes, who had refused to surrender if^anea Mithridatesto him. Having crossed the Euphrates, he only required the barbarians, through whose territory he passed, to furnish necessary supplies, or to expose themselves since they did not want to fight, but leave to Lucullus to suffering, and preferred Tigranes to decide the issue by themselves. No one toldTigranes that Lucullus was advancing, for he had hanged the first man who had brought such a report, considering him a disturberof the good order of the cities.But when at lasthe learned the truth,he sent Mithrobarzanes forward with 2000 horse to hinder Lucullus' march. He entrusted to Mancaeus the He besieges defence of Tigranocerta, as I have already ^l^^' which city, the king had built in thisregion in honour of said, himself,and to which he had summoned the principal inhabitantsof the country under penalty of confiscation did that they not transfer of allof theirgoods to it. He surrounded it with walls fifty cubits high, the base of which was fullof stables.In the suburbs he built a palace and laidout large parks, huntinggrounds and lakes. He alsoerected a strong fortress by. All these he put in charge of Mancaeus, near and then he went through the country to collectan

399

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^"

ROMAN a"yeipwv.

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

arpariav

6v0v"ietc MayKalov ihi(""K", fjL"VO";

Kepra
KaTaK\eLaa";
avra, aTeixi'"^'^ci

AevKoWof;

o Midpo/Sap^dv^ji' fxlv ovv tt/jcott;? T7)"^ o-vix,8o\rj"; rpei/ra-

he

e? Ttypavo%"^tcXio";

ra

jnev

/3aai\"ia avrcKa,

irevTaKiaixvpLov;, irpovTiypavo/cepra e? nrepl e^aKL(T') wefiyfrev Bid fiecrcov 'Pco/JLaicov OL to Xlov"i, e?

avTcov

Bujp'rraae, rtjv 8e iroXiV /cal ro Ka\ kuI fiij^ava^;e^'iarr), (fypovpLOV airera^peve, to reixo^v7rov6fMOi"; av"Kprjfjivr) iyiyvero, 85. Kal ^e^rl\io"; ravra /xev ajK^n he, TiypcLvrj^ e? Trevre Kal ei/cocri fivpidha^; ire^wv 'nrirea^
dyeLpa"i koI
e?

7raX\aKd"; Se Xoltto) arpuTU) ro) i^ap7rdaavre"i eiravrfKOov. i]\avi"v Ttypdvrjf;auTO? kul cttI AevKoWov. avTUi iXdcov Tore irpwrov MtOptSdrr]'; ""; oyjnv 'I^cofiaLOL^, dWa /ly crvfiTrXeKecrOaL avi'e^ovXeve
fjLOpo) Trepirpexovra 69 \i jxov avrov"i, \v/jLaiv6p."vov
KXetaai,
co

coadjjievoi

re

koX

ra?

tov

(^povpiov /SaaiXeo)^

rw

iTTirLKw

rpoTrro Kal
avrov

avTo"^

Kv^tKov dfiaxl Kdfxvcov rov

6 Be yeXdaa^
(7Kevaafieuo"; e?

Kal rrjv yvjv Sviairo, Trepiel AcvkoWov vtto irepl diroXeaai. arparov
ti-jv 'P(o/iaicov 6\i"
'

crvveti-jvaTpaTrjylav, Trporjei

/jLd)(rjV' Kal

ttoWol, el Be iroXepLLGi, elalvo'lBe, oXlyoi. irdfiTrav Aeu/coXXo? ^e X6(f)OV IBcovoiriaOev tov evKatpov Tiypdvov;, TOV'i fiev iTrirea^ eV fj^ercoTrouirpoairacraevevo')(\elv avTw eauTov"; Kal Trepiandv e(^' Bicoiva Kal VTTOXf^pecv CKOvra^, tCov ^ap/3dpcov KovTCdv Tot"; Be avro'^ 7] rd^i"; TrapaXvOeitj' 7re^ol"; dvr)eLXa6d"v. Kal o)^ e? TOV Xocpov 7repioBevaa"^ viro Bcd^"(o"i elBe TOL/? TToXe/jLLovf; ola viKO)vrfj"i 400

ovtco";yorrjra IBcov eTrecrKco^jrev

el fiev Trpia/SeL^

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

LucuUus, at his first encounter with Mithro- chap army. harzanes, defeated him and put him to flight. Sexin Tigranocerta, plundered tiHus shut up Mancaeus drew a ditch the palace, which was not fortified, stationed engines against around the city and fortress, began to them, and undermine the wall. doing thisTigranes brought Battle 85. While Sextilius was 250,000 foot and 50,000 horse. He together some oc^u sent about 6000 of the latter to Tigranocerta, who line to the tower, and broke through the Roman seized and brought away the king's concubines. With the rest of his army Tigranes marched in person for Lucullus. Mithridates, now was who against time admitted to his presence, advised him the first but to close quarters with the Romans, not to come vastate to circle round them with his horse only, to dethe country, and to reduce them by famine if possible, in the same way that he himself had been served by Lucullus at Cyzicus, where he lost fighting. his army through exhaustion without Tigranes derided such generalship and advanced he saw how small the ready for battle. When " If he force Roman was, they are said sarcastically, here as ambassadors too many ; if as they are Lucullus saw a hill enemies, altogether too few." favourably situated in the rear of Tigranes, and accordingly his for frontal a attack, to stationed cavalry harass the enemy and draw him on against themselves, retiring voluntarily, so that the barbarians should self break their own ranks in the pursuit ; but he himwent round with his infantry to the hill and took he saw When the possession of it unobserved. the fight, pursuing as though they had won enemy and scattered in all directions,with their entire
401

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
ra

BOOK

XII

Ta";
avTCJV

e?

TToWa
iravra

hiecr jxevov^ Kehacr

Be
"

aKevo"^6pa

dve^orjae'VLfCMfiev, w vTruKeifieva, 'iero Spo/jifp. dvSpe^;," 7rpcoro"s Kol eVl tcu aKevocjiopa 8e avTi/ca Oopv^a avv ra rol"^ire^ol' (pevyovra re ivemiTTe, Koi, rot? linTevcnv ol
Tjv

oi ev6v"^ o\o(T')(ep^']"^'

re

/jLUKpav arrearraajJievoL

roiv

'VwjjialKWv iTrirewv

ire^oL TpoTrt] ev yap rf) Bico^ei

koi
ra

avrov"; e? eTnarpeylrdvrcov roL"; dWoi"; evemTrrev crKeuo(f)6pa

diroyWvvro,
co?

irdvTcov
ro

re

co?

iv

evo-^ovjieva. kol dXi^o/j^evcov, roawBe TrXydei

elBorwv, orroOev 7] rjaaa avrol'^ dpxoi^ro, 7ro\v"i ovBevo"; crKvXevovro^ rjp"^6vo'^, Aev/coWov e/c fier d7r"iXrj"; ovBev CLTTTiyopevroyap ware kol rrapoBevovre^ /cal Trepiavy^ipia yjreXta irrl aTaBiov";eKarov e/creivov Kal elKoaiv, eare S' draaTpe(f)Ovre"i ecTKvXevov' eireka^e.rore vi)^ eBiBovyap 6 Aeu/coXXo? i^Br], 6 MayKato^; 86. VLyvojievTiv Be rr]v rjrrav diro Tiypavo/ceprcov, rov"i "KWr]i'a(;, ot i(f)opMV
avTM, vTrorrrevwv irdvra^e^oiTrXiaev "fiLaOo(f)6povp dOpooi crKvraXa^ e^ovre^ BeBiore^, ot cnuWrj'^LV ^lay/caiov

ovK dKpi^e"^

Be tou? fcat re i/SaSi^ov rjvXi^ovro. fiap^dpov"; avrol^ ooirXiafievov^, BtaBrjeirdyovro^;

ad/xevoLra ifidriarai"; Xaial^ dvrl daTTiBcov, fierd dveXoiev, iaeBpajbiov e? avrov";' oaov"; roXfirjf; Kal Bvvarwv ra ")? Be etc roiv oirXa. ev6v"i

epuepi^ovro

riva eiyov avrdpK(o";, Kal pLeaorrvpyid KareXa/3ov, 'PcofMUiov; re eKaXovv Kal dva^aivovra^ e^coOev [lev edXco TtypavoKepra, Kal eBexovro. ovrw

ttXoOto?
KaraoTKevov,

Bir^prrd^ero 7roXv"iy ola

7roX6C09

veo-

avpaKLO-fiei^ij^;. (f)LXorL/jico"i

402

THE
baggage- train
"

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

lying at the foot of the hill,he chap. ^" we are victorious,"and dashed Soldiers, exclaimed, defeat first upon theirbaggage-carriers. These immediately Total Tigmnes of fledin confusion and ran against their own infantry, In a moment and the infantryagainst the cavalry. the rout was complete. After drawing their pursuer long distance,the Roman horse turned and cut a fusion them to pieces,and the baggage-train in their conAnd as into the came others. with collision they alljostled each other in the crowd, and did not comfiture know with any certaintyfrom what quarter theirdisbody proceeded, there was a great slaughter. Nostopped to plunder, for Lucullus had forbidden it with threats of punishment, so that they passed by bracelets and necklaces on the road, and continued 120 distance a for killing stades until of betook selves themThen they returned and nightfall. to plunder with the permission of Lucullus. beheld this defeat from Mancaeus 86. When Tigranocertahe disarmed all his Greek mercenaries They, in fear of because he suspected them. arrest, went about together and rested together with clubs in their hands. Mancaeus set upon them They their wound with his armed barbarians. as shields, to serve clothing round their left arms, imran upon their assailants courageously, and mediately of all those they killed. shared the arms When thus as far as possibleprovided Capture of they were they seized some of the spaces with weapons between the towers, called to the Romans outside, came up. In this and admitted them when they was way was Tigranocerta taken, and much wealth built and plundered, as was natural in a citynewly founded on an ambitious scale.

JJIJ.^"

403

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,
XIII

BOOK

Xll

CAP.

Be 87. TLypdvr]";
Xov

kol

Mt^/jiSar?;?crrpardv
rrjv

aX-

irepuovTe'^, ov rjOpoi^ov

(JTpar7]yLai'

iireTeTpaiTTO MiOpLSdTrj(;, rjyov/ievov l^iypdvovi hihayixara. eVeyu,ra avTM yeyovevai

TraOrj/xara

TTOV

he

KOi

e?

TOP

irapaKoXovvre^. Xov, fcal d^LOVVTo";61 t) T"poL"; eKaTTivai, rod

eiTLKovpelv ac^lai Se AevKoXdvTL7rpea^6vovTO";

Uapduatov,

77 d^(f)ocrv/xfiax^'jo-ciL

6 /juev dyct)Vo";, Kpv(f)a kKarepoi'^, ovk ovSeTepoL"^ avvTL6eiJLevo"^ e^Oacrev 6 Be MLOpLBdTr)"; Kara d/jLvvai, oirXa re elpyd^ero icrrparoXoyeL a)(eBov dnTavra"; kol iroXiV eKdarrfV, 8' avrcov ^Apfieviov^;. tou"; dpiarov^;,
"9

direXvae, tou? S' e? I'Xa? re kol TOV"; /JL"V aWov"; Tr]"; 'Ira\L/crj(; cTTret/oa? dy^ordTW "7Vvrd^"co dvBpdcrt YiovriKol^ KaraXeycov irapehiyvfjuvd^eiv 6 fiev Bov. irpoaLOVTO'i 3' avTOL"; rod AeuKoWov, dirav kol TO ^liOpiBdrrj'i /xepo^ rt twv

e7n\e^djJL"vo"; fcal tTTTrea? "7naKLa[xvpiov^ Tre^ov^

rj/iLO-ea^,

S' 'iirirw irrl\6^ov avvel'xe, tt} Xoltt^ iTTTricov ^V(DiiaioL"^ TLypdvr]";rot? airoXoyovcn irepiTreacov
diro rovBe ol 'PoofialoL Tjcradro. Kol /jLoXXov aSew? Kai re MiOpiBdrov eanoXoyovv 7rX^-j(TL0VavTOv
7roXv"=; rjyeipero earpaTOireBevov. Koviopro^i5'avOt"; TLypdvov";- koI to ivdvfjirjfia rjv 0)9 iinovTO^ Tou iv iieacp Aev/coXXov d/jL(f)OLv yeveaOat. 6 8' alaOolinrewv T0U9 fiev dpLCTTOv; tcov fievo'i

ire^ov

iroppcordrw
KcoXveiv
avTO";
avTov

Be

top

koI crvpnrXeKeaOai i^oBoiTTopla^ii'; /caOiaraadai, rd^cv ^IcOpiBdTrjv irpoKaXovjjievo'i "9

tm

Tcy pdvp

TrpovTrepir

404

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

XIII
Mithridates traversed the chap. and army, the command country collecting a new of Mithridates, to because was which committed Tigranes thought that his disasters must have coUectsa lessons. They also sent mes- ^^^^^^y taught him some sengers to Parthia to solicit aid from that quarter. Lucullus sent opposing legates asking that the Parthians should either help him or remain neutral. Their king made secret agreements with both, but in no haste to help either of them. Mithridates was in every town and enrolled manufactured arms Armenia. From the almost whole population of these he selected the bravest, to the number of about 70,000 foot and half that number of horse,and dismissed the rest. He divided them into squadrons and cohorts as nearly as possible according to the Italian system, and handed them over to Pontic Lucullus moved indecisive officersto be trained. When "^o^""^""^ts toward them Mithridates,with all the foot-soldiers and a part of the horse, held his forcestogether on a hill. Tigranes, with the rest of the horse, attiicked foragers and was beaten, for which the Roman freely afterwards reason the Romans foraged more in the vicinity of Mithridates himself, and even him. Again a great dust arose near encamped indicatingthe approach of Tigranes ; and the plan was that the two kings should surround Lucullus. But he, perceiving their movement, sent forward the pick of his horse very far in advance, to engage Tigranes, and prevent him from deploying from his line of march into order of battle. He also fight, began Mithridates to to challenged and

87. TiGRANEs

^^'

405

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
^

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

ovk Kal irepiTaf^pevwv jxd'^rjv rjpidL^ev SteXvae ro ciTracnv. einireacdv eo)? ')(eiixu"v epyov 88. Kal Ti,ypdv)]"; e? tcl 0X779 'ApfX"VLa"i /lev e'f TIovtov ivTO^ dve^evyvvev, 0 he yii6pihdTrj"^ e? rov

eVt

ra

Xolttcl

rerpaKiat8m? "/3X^'}? rjTrelyero, Trj";

kol e^^cov, rocrovaSe eT6pov"; irapa '^l\lov"; oIk"lov(; S" avTW TLjpdvovq Xa^f-ov. i(f)"L7reT0 Kal 0

Aeu/coWo?, dva^evyvv's fcaloSe Sta ttjv diroplav. 6 yiiOpthdrrj^; S' avTov eireOero^a^icorw

"^6daa";
Bevpo
CK

AevKoXkov

aTparyyetv
efcreive

v7ro\6\.eL/jLfji6V(i

KOL

he tov "\ev6epdi(javT0^ iv rw Tjaav arparoTreSo),/cal St' oXrjf; 7]fiepa"; 6 dycov,fJLexp^ dycovt^o/JLevov, iraXivrpoiro'; avdi"; rjv yiiOpihdTrjv, TOV irXrjyevra XlOw re e? to yovv Kal KaTa TOV VTTO /SeXec, aTrovhrjvdiro-

avrov Tpey\rdiievo"^

rrevTaKoaiov^. oaoi ^a^lov Oepd.Trovra^

ocpOaXjjLov

Kal K0/jLia6rjvai,
TOV

tov"^ TToXXa^; r]iiepa"^

fiev

^o/3w

7rXrj6ov"; XhdpihdTrjv jxev ovv edepdTpavfxdTWv r]p6fJLrjcrai. "Ayapot, ^kvOlkov edvo^,loi"; Trevov o^ewv e? tcl^; OepaTrela^; ")(pco/uievoL Kal eirl Twhe del /SaaiXel he Tpidpio^;, "t"a/3L(p eVepo? AevKoXXov o-vv6vt"";' aTparov, ttjv tg aTparyyo^, eireXOoiVfieT oiKeiov vrapeXafiapxv^ TTapa tov ^a^iov Kal to d^lcofia ov e? fiaxV^ fiavev. ttoXv %6t)/)oi;z/T"i' Kal /xer' ifiv^-jre avTov Kal MiOpihuTov, irvev/xa, olov ovk Te fioveveTO yeveaOat, ra? aKTjvd^ d/J.(f)OTe hiep, nrapeavpe Kal tcov i-^eKal tcl vTro^vyia dvhpcov "(JTiV 01)9 KaTeKprj/jLVcaev.
1

he vtto tou? ^acnXeci)^ (T(orr}pLa"?, tt}?

There is a lacuna in the text here.

406

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

surround him with a ditch, but could not draw him chap. ^"^ on Finally,winter came out. and interrupted the work on both sides. 88. Tigranes now withdrew into the interior of Armenia and Mithridates hastened to what was left kingdom of Pontus, taking with him 4000 of his own that he had troops and as many more of his own He followed by was received from Tigranes. Lucullus, who was owing to also forced to move lack of provisions. Before Lucullus could stop him, Mithridates attacked Fabius, who had been left in by Lucullus, put him to flight, and killed command Fabius freed the slaves who had 500 of his men. been in his camp and fought again an entire day, but the battle was going against him until Mithridates was by a struck by a stone on the knee and wounded dart under the eye, and was hastilycarried out of the fight. For many days thereafter his forces were alarmed for the king's life,and the Romans were quiet on account of the great number of wounds they had received. Mithridates was cured by the Agari, a Scythian tribe, who make use of the poison of serpents as remedies, and for this reason always Triarius, another general the king. accompany his own came with army of Lucullus, now to the assistance of Fabius and received from the latter his command and authority. He and battle,during Mithridates not long afterwards joined which a tempest of wind, the like of which had not tore down been known in the memory the of man, tents of both, swept away the beasts of burden, and dashed some over of their men precipices. Both sidesthen retreated for the time.

407

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
Tore

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
airay-

89. Kal

fiev

dv6')(copovv eKarepoL,

to "yeWofievov he AeuvoWou Trpocnivac, irpoXa/Seli' iirex^ipei en vv/cro"i epyov 6 Tpidpio^ i7r"i"y6fji6vo"i laofMci-^ov ^' eV MLdptSciTOu TaL"i irpoc^vXaKoi^. e? to kuO^ avrov iroXv rod dy(bvo"^ oWo?, o /SacnXeu'i

/jL6po"; eKpive ein^aprjaa"^

rr^v

/id^rjv, Kal

Bia-

avTMV rov"; 7r6\efiL0u"; to iretov KareKXeccr7rdcra"; St(opv)(a aev e? TrrjXov, evOa hie"^6elpovro arrjvai hwdjievoi. S' dvd to Tov'^ iiTTTea^ /jL)] irehiov iK0v/ico(; iSicofcev, Karn^opa t^? evTV')(lia"i rf) 'PcojuLaloi; avTov Xoxciyo^, ola ecrre Ti? y^podfjLevo^, Oepdircov avTCp e? toi^ firjpov eirdovk irXriyrjv jSaOelav, eXirlGa'^e? ra^e ^[(pec hid rod 6d"paK0"=; VMTa Kal Tovhe ec^i^eaOai,

(TVVTpo^d^o)v,

tcl

fjuev

Se M-cOpLSdrrj'^ a avveKOTTTOv, "v6v^ ol irXiiaiov direi^epeTO rrjv arpaTidv diro Kal ol (plXoL oiriaco, ^apeia. VLKr)(; Xapnrpd^i dveKaXovv avv eTrei^et, Be tol"; /jLa)(^ofievot."i iirltm irapaXoyw eveiriTTTe re ti T7](i dvaKXrjaecd^ 66pv^6"^ Kal aTropla,/xrj heivov eTepwOev ecT],/ne^pi' fJiaOovTe^ "v6v";iv tw

e(o"; irepdaravro Kal eOopv^ovv, 6 laTp6";, to eiree7rLa')(cov alfia, avTOV "K Sei^ev fierecopov,olov tl Kal yiaKehoaiv SeSioaiv, 6 'AXeiv ^lvSot"i, VTrep ^AXe^dvSpou ^avBpa avTov eirlveo)^ OepaTrevofxevov eireheL^ev 6 he ^ii6pLhdrrj'^ co? dvrjveyKev, avTiKa TOt?

TTeU(p TO aM/ia Tl/jl606o"; avT0L";

dvaKaXeaacriv
TOP

(TTpaTOV 'I*(opaLQ)v oTparoTTehov. ol he Kal eK rovhe iireheei. aKvXevofievcov he rfav ijhrjavv

Kal tt}?p^dxv^ KaTe/xe/jLcpeTO, yyev avOi,"; r}ixepa"i eVl to avrrj";

ck

(pevyecrav
veKpMv
aape^,

eKaT6vTap)(pL he TrevryKovTa

jxev yJXlapyoi e^aivovTO

eiKocrL

Kal recrKal eKaTov,

408

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

brought that Lucul- OHAP. was 89. When, however, news XIII lus was coming, Triarius hastened to anticipatehis action and attacked the outpostsof Mithridatesbefore Mithridates daybreak. The figlit continued fora long time doubt^ p^J^?;^ Triarius down division king ful, the the the weighed of until him decided to battle. He the and enemy opposed scattered theirranks and drove their infantryinto a unable to stand and muddy trench, where they were were slauglitered. He pursued their horse over the plain and made the most spirited use of his good fortune until a certain Roman centurion, who was running beside him in the guise of an attendant, gave him a severe wound with a sword in the thigh, as he could not expect to pierce his back through his near immediately cut the corselet. Tliose who were Mithridates in was pieces. carried to the centurion his friends rear recalled the army from that and brilliant victory with melancholy haste. Confusion befellthem by reason of the unexpectedness of the disasterhad happened elsefear lest some recall, where. and When they learned what it was they at once gathered on the plain round the person of the in consternation, untilTimotheus, his king, and were physician, had staunched the blood and liftedthe as in India, king up so that he could be seen, just when Alexander was being cured, he showed himself a on ship to the Macedonians, who were alarmed Mithridates As him. to himself soon came as about he reproved those who had recalledthe army from the fight, and led his men again the same day against But they had already fled the cam]) of the Romans. from it in terror. In strippingthe dead there were found 24 tribunes and 150 centurions. So great a
409
VOL.
II,
O

APPIAN'S
CAP.
ocrov

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

iv rfTry jjna. fiaioL^; 90. 'O Se MiOpiSdrrj^;e?

ra ^evyvu,

ov crvveTreae po-Sto)? rfje/iiovcDVttXt}^"?

'Pw-

Ap/xevLav, rjv hrj vvv 'Apfieviav KoXovaiv, 'Vwfxaloi I3pa)(vrepav avefiev evKO/jLiara
iravra

aiToXoywv,

ra

eiTLovra re Be hv(T')(eprj BiacpOeipcov fcalAevKoWop 'VwpLalo"^,airo kuL t^? avr^p 7rpoa(paipov/ievo"i. etc 'ArrtSio? ovofxa, Bta BLKt]v ^ovXrj^y

(fivycovtt}?

/cat ^tXta? TrarpiBo^ ^liOpcBdTrjvirpo ttoWou avTw. kaXco rore eir d^LOv/ievo"i, koX L^ovkevcov BtKaiMV /Saaavlaai, 6 ov rovBe fjbkv y^acrtXeu?

e?

*V(opaio)if TTore
TOL'9

^ovXevrrjvyevo/ievov,

eKTeive,

Be avpafiapTovra^ yKLaaro BeivM^. (nreXevOepoL S* ocroL too ^AttlBlw crvveyvcoKecrav, diradel'^ Aev/coWov BiaKOvrjcra/jievov^. o)? BeairoTj] d^rjKev 6 B^ r}Brj Tft) MiOpcBdrr) irapaarpaTOTreBevovrof;, iKr]pvaae 'A(Tta9 aTparr^yh'^ irepLirep.irwv Trj"; AevKoWro ^V(Dfiaiov"^ irepa rod BeovTO'^ eiriicaXelv
TToXe/JiOVVTL, Kal
TOl/?
VTT^

UVTW

T?}?(TTpaTeia";
avriKa

ovra to. ov d^tevai, Treido/Jievwv fcal tmv 6 wv creiv. e^ayyeXdeurcov aTpaTo";

Brjfiev-

BceXveTO, %co/0i9 oXlycov. oaot irdvv irevijTe^i AevKoWo) BeBLoret; tw ov ovre^ Kol TYjv ^yj/iiav
irapefievov.
XIV
CAP. XIV

91. ^D.Bepuev Br)Kal 6 AevKoWov

Te\o"r

tt/oo?

MiOpi-

Bdrrjv 7r6\efjLO"; e? ovBev (Se^aiov ovBe KeKpifievov

evox^ovfievoL, koI Xifiu)
410

rf;? yap cKpLa-ra/ievrj^; eXrj^ev daXdcrar]^ \r]aTevo[xevrj(;

'IraXta^

r^}?

iv Kaupcp TTLe^o/xeroL,
ovK

rjyovPTO (T(j)iaiv

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

number of officershad seldom fallen in any single chap. Roman defeat. -^^^ 90. Mithridates withdrew into the country which the Romans now call Lesser Armenia, taking all the provisions he could and spoilingwhat he could not carry,so as to prevent Lucullus from getting any on his march. At a this juncture certain Roman of senatorial rank, named Attidius, a fugitive from justice, who had been with Mithridates a long time his friendship, was detected in and had enjoyed a conspiracy against him. The king condemned him to death, but not to torture, because he had once been a Roman Senator, but his fellow-conspirators were to dreadful torments. The freedmen subjected cognizant of the designs of Attidius he who were dismissed unharmed, because they had only helped When Lucullus was already encamped rntrig"ie their master. Mithridates, the proconsul of Asia sent heralds near uTcuThi Rome to proclaim that Rome had accused Lucullus of ^^ unnecessarilyprolonging the war, and had ordered that the soldiers under him be dismissed, and that the property of those who did not obey this order this information was should be confiscated. When received the army disbanded at once, except a few who remained witii Lucullus because they were very poor and did not fear the penalty.

XIV 91. So it turned out that the Mithridatic war under chap. Lucullus, like the preceding wars, came to no fixed "^'^ and definiteconclusion. The Romans, torn by revolts in Italy and threatened with famine by pirates on

the

sea,

considered it ino])portiine to

undertake

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

rocrovBe iroXcfiov, irpXv ra 6 IS/iiOpthdkoi ivo)(\ovvra hiaOeaOai. o)v HaTriraSoKLav e? Tr](; aladav6fievo"^ eae^ake ISlav kol rrjv oj-^vpov. Koi up^W rdSe 'Vcofiaioi avTov Trepiecopcov "0' Trpda-aovra ol OdXacraa oaov avroL"i rj eKadaipero. to? 3' 6 KaOi]pa"; IIo/xTr/yio? en ifce/cdOapro kol rjv iv M-idpiSaTeLOv iroXe/nov dvekdfi^avov ^AaCa, Tov
avTLKa, KOL

TToXefjieLV dWov

eireareWov

kol

rovoe

tw

T[o/ji7n]i(p
rPj'^

ovra (TTparriyridaL. Slo /jloi SoKel fjL"po";

Uo/xTDjiov arpareia^ ra avTM TTpo yiiOpihdrov

irepl rrjv OdXaaaav KareipyaapLeva, koX e?

ciWrjv
re kol uTravrcavTa,

OiKeuav ovBe/xiav avy'ypa(f)r]v "9 ToSe TO u"po"i crvvayajelv

cb? eTriSpafMetv,

eyevero. 92, M.LOpiBdTT}'!; ore Trpwrov

^

'Pcoyuatot? eiroXefieL %vWa Kaia"; eKpdrei, jtjv 'EWaSa Trepl KoX ri)"s
TTOvovfievov, r)yovfievo";ovk
e?

ttoXv

fiOL irpoeipr]rai, Trdvra OdXacraav e? Tr]v Tret/oara? KaOr)kol Kev, 01 TO fiiKpol'^ fiep TrpwTov oXiyoL'^ aKd(f)"ai, he 6 iroXefio^ ola Xijaral 7TepL7rXeovTe"ieXvirovv, co? ip,r]KvveTo, vavai TrXeove? eyiyvovTO koi fieydXai'^ iiTeTTXeov. yevadfievou he Kephcov fieydXcov,ovh' yiiOpLhdTOv kol KOL tov i]TT(t)/j,evov (TirevhoiJLevov

'AtJta?,

rd T6 iXv/jLaivero, kol

dXXa,

ri]"i KaOe^eiv

w?

dvaxoypovi'TO'^

ert

eiravovTO'

iroXepLOV iraTpihwv Bid tov dOpoav, dvTi uTTOpiav efxTTe(T6vTe"=;

irovvTO

^iov Kal fcal i"; u(p7)pr]/jLei'0L,

ol yap
tT;? yf]"; eKap-

OdXaaaav, fivoirdpcoacirpoorov Kal Kara [xeprj Kal TpLtjpeat elra BiKpoTOi^; r)p,ioXlai.";, X-rjaTdp^cov rjyou/jLevoyv TrepLTrXeovTe'^, ola iroXepuov
rrjV

arpaTTjycov.
412

e? re

jroXei^ e^iriTTTOVTe^. aTei'xJiaTOv^i

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

another war of this ma"Tnitude until their present chap. XIV Mithridates perceived troubleswere ended. When his this he again invaded Cappadocia and fortified kingdom, and the Romans overlooked these transactions own clearingthe sea. But when The while they were the given to this was accomplished, and while Pompey, ^""^P'^y in Asia, the Mithwas destroyer of the pirates, still
war was at once resumed and the command ridatic Since the campaign at of it also given to Pompey. was sea, which preceded his war against Mithridates, a part of the operationsunder hiscommand, and does not find a fitting place in any other portion of my it seems history, well to introduce it here and to run over the events as they occurred. Mithridates first 92. When went to war with the b.c. 88 beincrThe pirates Romans and subdued the province of Asia (Sulla f in the Medi1 Trrterrancan then pre-occupiedwith dimculties respectmg Crreece), he thought that he should not hold the province long, and accordingly plundered it in allsorts of ways, as I mentioned above, and sent out pirates on the sea. In the beginning they sailedaround with a few small like robbers. As the boats harassingthe inhabitants lengthened they became more numerous war and Having larger once large tasted ships. navigated desist did even Mithridates was not when gains,they defeated,made peace and retired. Having lostboth b.o. 85 livelihoodand country by reason of the war and destitution, falleninto extreme they harvested the sea instead of the land, at firstwith pinnaces and hemiolii, then with two-bank and three-bank ships, sailingin squadrons under pirate chiefs,who were like generals of an army. They fellupon unfortified
1
.

"

"

/-.

413

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
ra

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Kol erepcov

?/ reixv SiopuTToi^re?

kotttovte';

iavXwv -TToXtopKiaXa/JL^dvovre'^,

oU

ri

irXeov

eirj,e? vavXoyiav

Kal rov"; irrl \vrpoi^ aivrj^ov.

Xrjaroov

dvSpa";,

t)

to tmv dBo^ovvre^; 'i]Sr] Kal rdSe TO, Xyfji/JLara,

6vofia,fxia6ov";"KaXovi"aTpaTL(OTiKov";. ^e^pore^^i^a? SeSeyuei/ou?, re Kal v\i]v ^v\oukol elxov "7r epyoi^; iiravovToovTrore YuXkov cnhrjpov

koX av/KpepovTef; tov vtto iiracpofievoLydp Kal to XrjaTeveiv K"p8ov";, 5' t^/St; en ^acTiXevcn ovK Kal [xeOelvai, e"yvcoK6Te"; eavrov'^ ofjLOLrvpdvvoi^ rj arpaTOirehoi^ fi6yd\o("i
ovvre^y

ore crvveXOoteve? to avTo Kal vo/jLi^ovre^, kol t6 vav^ oirXa 7rdvT6";,d/jia)(OL yevrjaeaOai, irdvTa eTeKTaivovTO,/xdXLaTa Trepl Tyv rpa')(elav kolvov Xeyopbevrjv ^CXiKiav, i) v(pop/xov acfycov y)v dKpa"^ fxev Kal aTpaTOireSov eTiOevTO elvai, cf)povpia Kal vavXo)(^ia"^ exovT""i Kal vrjaov^ip/jpiOv"; yp/ovixevoL ra? KvpcwTdTu^ Be d(^e(TeL^ 7ro\Xa')(ov, ttjv KiXiKtav, Tpa^^eldv re Kal dXifxevov rceplTrjvhe ovaav Kal Kopv6al^ pLeydXai^ i^ixovaav.o6ev KtXiAre? eKaXovvTO, Br)Kal Traz/re? ovofiaTC kolvm KaKOv fxev lctux; tov dp^a/jcevov irapd tmv Tyoa;)^e")Be KiXiKwv, Twi^ auveTTLXa/SovTcov ^vpwv re Kal UoVTlKMV KvTTpLCOV Kal Yla[X(i"vX(DV Kal Kal tmv kwMV iOvMv ot ttoXXov Kal ayeBov aTrdvTcov tmv AliOpiBaTeuovTToXe/iov XpovLOV a(j)cai,v oVto? tou Bpdv Ti fJuaXXov Tj Trdax^iv aipov/ievoi, ttjv OdXaa93. wcrre aav yP]^ erreXeyovTo, TToWal uvtI Tt}? stl ycrav, Kal ov /x6vt]"; pLvpidBe'; Td^i-crTaavTMV evTo"; OaXd(Tat]"; ewa? eKpuTOVV, dXXd Kal t"}9 Trj"; ^HpaKXeiMV (tttjjXmv aTrdarj^'Kal ydp TLva"^ r)Bi] *Pa)yLtatwj/ (TTpaTrjyov^; vavfiaxla, eveviKi]K6cyav,

414

THE
towns,

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

or battered down the walls chaP and undermined ^^^ of others, or captured them by regular siege and plundered them, carrying off the wealthier citizens for to their haven of refuge and holding them Thev now ransom. scorned the name of robbers and They had artisans war. takings their prizes of called continually bringing chained to their tasks, and were Being elated in materials of timber, brass and iron. by their gains and having given up all thought of likened themselves they now changing their mode of life, to kings, rulers and great armies, and thought that if they should allunite they would be invincible. They built ships and made all kinds of arms, their chief seat being the part of Ciliciacalled Tracheia (Craggy), which they had chosen as their common They had forts and anchorage and encampment. peaks and desert islands and retreats everywhere, but they chose for their principal rendezvous this rough and part of the coast of Cilicia which was in high mountain harbourless and rose peaks, for they were all called by the common which reason ning name of Cilicians. Perhaps this evil had its beginof Cilicia Tracheia, who were among the men by men joined of Syrian, Cyprian, Pamphylian, and Pontic origin and those of almost all the Eastern nations, who, on account of the severity and length of the Mithridatic war, preferred to do wrong rather than to suffer it, and for this purpose chose the sea instead of the land. 93. Thus, in a very short time, they increased in They dominated now number to tens of thousands. ranean not only the Eastern waters, but the whole MediterThey now to the Pillars of Hercules. even of the Roman generals in naval envanquished some

415

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
top

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

dX\ov";re
airXwra

koI
re

ire pi tt;? ^LKe\ia";

iravra

8ia TrjV rj re ttoXl'srj FcofiaLcov "v8er]"i avemiJLL^lav. rwv re vrrr^Kowv TjaOero/JLoXcara rod KaKOU, (7(f)La Bia Kafivovrwv, Kal avrol 7rXi]0o"i lSlov eTmrovw'^ XtyLtcoTToi^re?. TO 8' epyov avrol"i it^aivero fieya rocrdBe arparoTreSa civSpcbv KoX hvax^pe^, "^e\elv iv kvk\m vavriKOiv, fiev 69 rraaav fiefiepLcrfiera Se ral"iKaraaKevah h KoX OaKaaaav,

ijS)]

r}v,koI 77

ZikcXlci. avrfj 7^}tmv "py(ov

ryrjv
TO

del ro op/MGOfieva, 0^8' oiKelov ovhev rj lSiov dW 0 ware ttoXv^ mv rrpoarvyov e^ovra. rovSe rov rroXefjLOV 7rapdXoyo";,evvo/j-ov ovBev exoi^ro"i ovSe dfMTjxaviav ofiov Kal (po/Sov /Se^aLOP ovBe (pavepov, Movprjva^ re e7;^et/3?/'cra9 avroU ovBh elpjd^ero. 'laavpLKo^ dXX' XepovlXLO"; fxtya.

Kov(pa ov/c X^P^^ Trarpihwv y)"j)avepd"i v7ro(f)evjeiv,

e/c

e^elpyaaro Movpi]va, iwl

rw

dXX

ovhe ijSr]kol

^\rdXiKri"i TOt?

ro re 7rapaXioi";,diJLJ)L

rrj^ rrj"; 7/"}?

Bpevreaiop

01 Xyaral avv Kal rr)V Tvpprtvlav, erre^atvov Kal yvvaia irapolevovra rdv evKara(f)pov"'](Tei, (njfxeiOL^i irarpiSMV Kal Suo (rrparr]yov"; avTOi";

GvvqpiraKecrav. 94. *ilv ovreryv ^Xdl3y]v ovrerrjv alaxyvvv en eVl Sof^? ol 'VwfialoL rov rore a(f)Mv "f}epovre"; Vvatov IIo/i7ry'ji.ov ovra alpovvrai i"op.y

fjueyCarrji^ arparrjyov errlrpierh avroKpdropa elvai OaXda'HpaKXeucop ivro^ iari, d'7Tdar]"; arifXcdV re tTr]"; 7) diro 6aXdaai)"^eirl araSiovi rerpaKoaiov^ Kal yr]"; dvo). ^acTLXeval re Kal Kal hvvdarai"iKal eOveai,
rrdaaL'^iireareXXov e? rrdvra avXXa/x^dreivrr7" YiofiTrrjiq), Kal auT(p arpariav KarairoXeai

416

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

chap. gagements, and among others the praetor of Sicily on the Siciliancoast itself. No sea could be navigated for in safety, want and land remained untilled Distress of commercial intercourse. The city of Rome felt being distressed thisevilmost keenly, her subjects at Rome'^ and herself suffering grievously from hunger by reason populousness. But it appeared to of her own her to be a great and difficult task to destroy so largea force of seafaring men scatteredeverywhither land and sea, with no fixed possessionto encumber on theirflight, sallying out from no particularcountry or any known places,having no property or anything but only what they might chance to calltheir own, to light upon. Thus the unexamj)led nature of this to no laws and had nothing war, which was

tangible or visibleabout it, caused perplexity and fear. Murena had attacked them, but accomplislied Isauricus, nothing worth mention, nor had Servilius the piratescontemptuously who succeeded him. And now Italy, the coasts of around very assailed Brundusium and Etruria, and seizedand carried olf women travelling, some of noble families who were and also two praetors with their very insignia of office. 94. When the Romans could no longer endure the B.C. 67 damage and disgrace they made Gnaeus Pom})ey, Pompey then their man of greatest reputation, who was command law for ^^aiust by three years, with absolute commander ^"^"^^^ power over the whole sea within the Pillarsof Hercules,and of the land for a distance of 400 stades from the coast. They sent lettersto allkings,rulers, peoples and cities,that they should aid Pompey in allways. They gave him power to raise troops and

subject

the

417

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

\eyeiv eSocravkol ')(^py] fxara dyelpeiv.(Jvve7T"[xyl he Kol irapa Tvokvv Ik KuraXoyov, arparov crcpcov

Kol

vav";

6(ja"^ 69 Kal ')(^pr]ixdT(ov ^^X^i', e^a/cia^Attlko,.

ovrw

TokavTa 'ylXia

jxeya

kol

hvaepyh

riyovvro
vovTWV

arpaTOTriScov, elvai rocrcovSeKparfjcrai, iv TOcyySedaXdaay kol fiv)(OL"i roaolahe StaXai^Oaev/iapo)^ Kal vTTO-)(o)povvr(OV paSLCo"; Kal dvYjp ttco re i/jLTTLTTTovTcov ovSeicf avOi'^ cK^^avoi^. dp^tiv aipedels Ylopuri-iiov irpo Tov errl rocnjvSe 'P(o/xaLO)v co vTTo arparid fxev avriKa e^eirXevaev, iv BcoSeKa {JLvpidai rerpaKal lir'neL^; ire^wv rjv Kai vf]"";Se avv e/SSo/jLTjKOvra iiiJLLoXiai"^ KLa-xlXiOi, ov"i BiaKoaiac, vir^jperat S' diro rf;? l3ovXf]";,
T"

KaXovai

irevre Kal eUocnv oh o TrpecrySeura?, TlofXTTijio^ rrjv OdXaaaav, Kal vavs e7Tihir)pei Irr'nea^eKdarw Kal crrpaTov ire^ov, ehihov Kal iV avroarj/jLeca TrepcKelaOai, Kal GTpaTr]yia"; fiepov^ e/cacrro? Kpdrcop eVreA-r/?ov ircaTevoLTO S\ ola Sr] /SacrtXeu?jSaaLXioiv, virdpyoi, avTo"; avTov"^ (hv fjLei'ovra"^ irepLdeoi Kal e(popa)"] ecf) \r]ard^ rov^ /xeTaBicoKoyv fJL'ijBe erd-yOrjcrav, 7repL(f) dreXwv ovrcov en e? erepa, dXX' poLTO e^ epycov avrol^ d7ravTMPTe";re Kal ra? etevol iravray^oOev

e?

aX\?/\oL'9

95. OvTW
aev

dTroKXeio}"Te"^. Biahpo/xd^; diravTa, iirearriBiaOeU 6 no/^7r?;i09

'

'I/Srjpio, fi"p Kal -ral^ HpaKXeLOLf;

aTtjXaii:

ISepcova Kal MdXXiov TopKovdrov, dji^l Tc^epLov re he rrjv AiyvcrTLKrjv Kal K.e\TiKr]V OdXaaaav Al/Svt) Bc Kal l^apSovi TLo/jLTTcovLOV, MapKov Kai oaai nTXt](7L'"v vyaoi, AevrXov Kal }s^vpv(p, 'AtcXicv, irepl MapKeXXlvov re Kal UottXlov
418

THE
to collect money

MITHRIDATIC
from

WARS

the provinces, and they fur-chap, muster-roll,and nished a large army from their own of allthe ships they had, and money to the amount did they 6000 Attic talents, so great and difficult consider the task of overcoming such great forces, dispersedover so wide a sea, hiding easilyin so many
"

expectedly. nooks, retreatingquickly and darting out again unbefore Pompey set Never did any man forth with so great authorityconferred upon him by Presently he had an army of 120,000 the Romans. foot and 4000 horse,and 270 ships, includinghemiolii. He had twenty-five assistants of senatorial rank, among whom he divided the whom they call legali,^ sea, giving ships, cavalry and infantry to each, and investing them with the insignia of praetors,in order that each one might have absolute authority over the part entrusted to him, while he, Pompey, like a king to and fro among them to see of kings, should move lest, that tlieyremained where they were stationed, he })lace, while he was pursuing the pirates in one should be drawn to something else before his work finished, was and in order that there might be forces to encounter them everywhere and to prevent them from forming junctions with each other. 95. Pompey disposedof the whole in the following HisarrangeHe put Tiberius Nero and Manlius Tor raanner. 1^^" of Her- .^uckhlg quatus in command of Spain and the Pillars cules. He assigned Marcus Pomponius to the Gallic and Ligurian waters. Africa, Sardinia,Corsica and to islands were the neighbouring committed Lentulus Marcellinus and Publius Atilius,and the
Official assistants given to province.
^

general or the governor of

419

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

'Irakiav AevKLov TeXXtov koI Tvalov 'Iovlov i^vAevrXov. 'EiKeXiavBe Kal top Ouapo? Kal T"pevTio"i re Xaaaov TL\(i)Ti6"i avTW ^AKapvavia'^, UeXoTrovvrjcrovBe Kal OvdppcDV /Jiexpt' rrjv ^Attlk7]u, ere S' JLv/Soiav Kal "eaaaXiav Kal ^laivva^, ra.'; yiaKeBoi'lav Kal ^OLcorcav Aeu/cio? 'EX\i](TBe vi](TOV(; Kal to Alyalov airav Kal rov irovTOV eV eKeivcpAevKLO"^ A6X\io"^, HiOvi'iav Be Kal SpaKTjv Kal rrjv TiporrovTiBa Kal to tov Tleiawv, AvKi'av Be Kal Uoi^Tou (TTOfia Yiov7rXio"; liafjL^vXuav Kal Yivirpov Kal ^oivLKrjv MeVeXXo? BLeTerd)(aTO NeTTft)?. wBe fiev avTw ol (TTpaTr]yol to. d/jLvveaOai, re Kal ^vXuaaeiv e'jn')(eipelv Kal TeTay/jieva, Kal tov'^ irap dXXrjXwv eK(f)evyovTa BiOiKOVTe'; dcpLaraivTO Xva v7roXafx/3dveLV, firj ft)? iv Bp6/ji(p Kal fiaKpdp, /jL7]Be irepii^epoLvro, S' diTavTa"s eireTrXei. "^poviov eh] TO epyov, avTO"; TeaaapaKOVTa Kal TCL "9 Bvaiv Trpwra rj/j.epaL"; 'FdypL-ijv 69ev e? 'BpevTeatov, "9 TrapriXOev. eTTiBoov ttjv eco Kal eK Bpevreacov ToacoBe BcaaTij/jbaTL d7ravTa";Td^ei re eVtTrepnrXevaa'^,

Be

avTrjV

^of?^9, TrapaaKevrj'^ Kal (po^qy Kal fieyedet, avTw co(TTe TrpoeTnx^iprjeXirlcravTa'^ TOj)? Xr)(TTd"; ovK ye to KaTcu epyov diroBeLevpLape's aeiVfTJ crcpMv re iroXecov a? eiroXiopKOVv tmp BeicravTa"; ^eLV, eyOv"i ciKpa^; Kal Kal e? Td"i crvvrjd2L"; e^ava')(Or)vai, Yio Tr)v fiev jjiirt'jLw Kal vavXo')(La^ v7ro"^evyeiv, fe dfia'xl KeKaOdpdaiy tov^; OdXacrcrav avTcKa tmv Xr]crTa"; viro aTpaTTjycov dXiaKeaOai 7ravTa)(0v
ttXov
KaTa

e^eirXrj^ev

ixepr].
e?

96. ACro? Be
420

KtXtKiav 7]7relyeT0 jieTa

ttoikl-

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Lucius Gellius and Gnaeus chap. ^^^ Lentulus. Sicily and the Adriatic as far as Acarnania were assigned to Plotius V'^arus, and Terentius Varro ; donia the Peloponnesus, Attica, Euboea, Thessaly, Maceand Eoeotia to Lucius Sisenna ; the Greek islands, the whole Aegean sea, and the Hellespont in addition, to Lucius Lollius; Bithynia,Thrace, the Propontis and the mouth of the Euxine to Publius Piso ; Lycia, Pamphylia, Cyprus and Phoenicia to Metellus Nepos. Thus w^ere the commands of the fending praetors arranged for the })urpose of attacking, deand guarding their respective assignments, so that each might catch the piratesput to flight by others, and not be drawn a long distance from their own stations by the pursuit, nor carriedround and round as in a race, and the time for doing the work protracted. Pompey himself made a tour of the inspected the w^estern stations, acwhole. He first complishing d^ys, and passing the task in fort}'^ through Rome on his return. Thence he went to Brundusium and, proceeding from this place, he occupied in an time the eastern stations. equal visiting He astonished all by the rapidity of his movement, the magnitude of his preparations, and hisformidable reputation,so that the pirates, who had expected to or at leastto show that the task he attack him first, had undertaken against them was no easy one, became straightway alarmed, abandoned their assaults upon the towns they w^ere besieging,and fledto their accustomed inlets.Tlius sea was the peaks and cleared by Pompey forthwith and without a fight,and the everywhere subdued by the praetorsat pirateswere their severalstations. 9G. Pompey himself hastened to Cilicia with forcesHe proceeds
to Cilicia

to coast of Italy itself

421

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
kol

HISTORY,

BOOK
ttoWwv,
avrw

Xll
eXTrtira?
ein

\ov

(TTparov

ixrjyavtiiiaTwv

iravTOia"^

kul TroXiopKLa^ lia')(^1'i

cerjaeiv

Be "Bei]a6'to yap AcX,eo9avTOv Kal Tr)v TrapacFKevijv ol Xyaral KaraBia fidxv^ 7r\ay6VT"";, zeal e\7ri(javT"";, el i^h nrpoiroL fiev ot ekdoLev, Tev^eaOai (j^tXavOpooTrov, Kpdyov Kal 'AvrUpayov el^ov,(j)povpia /xeyiaTa, Kt^^/ce? S' iKeuvov; p^era Kal i(^e^r} ol opeioi
aKpa"i

ovSeu6"; a7roKp7Jfivov";.

airavTe^

eavrov";

TToWd, Tct BwKav, KOL vav^ rd^ pev 8' i}Bri7r\eovaa";, yjxKKov

opov evey^eipiaav, birXa re Be irapep,ev "T0Lp,a rd 'x^aK.KevopLeva,

en

rd^ re koX olBrjpov e? ravra (7vv"P7]veyp.evov Kal 666i'a"; Kal kuXco'^ re irXrjdo^, Kal vX^jp TTOiKiXrjV, alxp^ccXcorcov Be eirlepyoi^ BeBep,eTwv p"ev iirlXvTpoi^ tmv 6 TlopLTT7]io"i wv vcDV. T7)V pcv vXtjv eveivpiiae, S' al')(pLaX(OT0V"; dirrjyaye, tou? Td"^ Be vav"i e? Kal ttoXXoI KevordTd"; irarplBa^ d(f)'f]K"' "j)ia cr^wvKareXa^ov ")? eVt veKpoh yevop^va. Be Treipard'^ o'c Tov^ p^dXiara eBoKovv ov^ viro dXX' diropia^iov Bid top iroXepov errl pioyOrjpla^; 'Ett^ravra eXOelv, e? ISlaXXov Kal KBava kol dXXo rroXicrpa epyjp^ov i) oXiyuvrj et re (fidveiav, KtXi/^tas-, Opwrrov rrj^ rpa)(^eia"; rrjaBe avpMKi^erjv Avp7]V Be avrwv 6? rtva"; TOL'9 rr/f; A-)(^ai'a"= Kal i^eirepLTTev. mBc pev 6 XyarpiKo^; moXepiO'^,-^aXeTrd)6XLyi]pepo^ eyerero rw raro"; vopLLaOei"i, ecrecrOai HopTrrjlay Kal vav^ eXa^e rd^ /xev dXovTa"; paav ^e vtt avrwv ra? irapaBiOeuaa^ Kal e/SBop^rJKOvra, iroXeis Be Kal cfypovpia Kal opp,r)"^Kal rpLaKoala";, Xrjaral e? eiKoai Kal eKarov. rrjpia dXXa avroiv B' dvrjpeOt]aav ev rov"; pvpiov^. dp,^l raU pd^at^'i
"
^

inp/vv pieva";

422

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WAKS

of various kinds and many engines, as he expected chap. ^'^ that there would be need of every kind of fighting and every kind of siege against their precipitous peaks ; but lie needed nothing. The terror of his name duced and the greatness of his preparationshad proa panic among the robbers. They hoped that if they did not resist they might receive lenient First, treatment. those who held Cragus and Antisurrendered themselves, He captures citadels, cragus,theirlargest and, destroys and after them the mountaineers of Cilicia, one finally, afteranother. They gave up at the all, ^^^^^^ some same time a great quantity of arms, completed, some in their ; the still ships, also workshops others brass on ; also the stocks, others already afloat and iron collectedfor building them, and sail-cloth, rope a multitude of and timber of all kinds ; and finally or chained to their captiveseither held for ransom tasks. Pompey burned the timber, carriedaway the ships and sent the captives back to their respective countries. Many of them there found their own supposed to be dead. cenotaphs, for they were Those pirateswho had evidently falleninto thisway of life not from wickedness, but from poverty consequent upon the war, Pompey settledin Mall us, Adana, and Epiphaneia, or any other uninhabited or thinly peopled town in CiliciaTracheia. Some of them, too, he sent to Dyme in Achaia. Thus the war supposed would against the pirates, which it was to an brought difficult, was end by prove very Pompey in a few days. He took seventy-one ships by capture and 306 by surrender from the pirates, and other and about 120 of their towns, fortresses 10,000 About of the {)irates places of rendezvous. in battles. were slain

tj^^ir

423

APPIAN'S

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

XV
CAP.
^^

97. 'Etti Bi] TouTOi?

HofiTrtjto ol KiXiKiav ovra eri fieya eiraipovTe'i, elXovro irepl MidpLSaTTjv Tov TTokefiov aTparriyov iirl Trpo? t^? OeXoL, ovra, ottt) ofjLotaf; avTOfcpdropa
yevofievoi^
rov

^ofw?

ovrco re ofeft)? 'Foo/ialoL

kov

irapa-

e^ovaia's,

koI (j)i\ov"; rj rroXe(TVVTiOeadab re Kal iroXepLelv, ov"^ SoKifjidaeie crrpa7ia"; piiov";'VwiiaioL^ TTOiela-Oai' 'IraXta?, 6(77] T6 apx^LV ird"jrj";, rrepav earl t"}9 dwep irco iravTairaari irpo rovSe ovhevl eScoKav. Sid rdSe ihoOT]. /caltaw^ avrov kol ofjiouTTuvra 6 ydp tol 7r6\"fio"; o tov fxeyav ovo/ad^ovcnv MiOpiSdrov KoX VTTO Tcov irpoTepwv aTpaTi]yoiv ?';"??. "^r]VUcrro 'Atr/a? arparov e/c ovv IIo/xTr/Jio? fjiev ev6v"i t?}? dy"Lpa";fieTecrrpaToireSevaev iirl rov"i 6pov";rod MtdpiddTOV MiOpcSdrrj Se r/v eTrUeKTo^ oUeio^ arparo^, rpiafivpioi Tre^ol Kal liriTeU rpLcrx^^''Oi, dpri, S' avrrjv Kol %ft"/5"?rrpovKdOrjTO tj"}? AevKoWov fapK6T0"i diropco^ ^^X^^ dyopdr Bleep 66ev auTo/xoXtai? iireTiOevrottoWol. rovaSe /cal i pevvco/j,"vo"; 6 Mi0pLBdT7j"; /x"i" Kal 6(j)0a\efcpyj/uvi] fiov";dvcopvrre Kal eKaiev. Kal rd fiev tmv avroSid fjLoXiMV rjcraov r]vdixK,eL t6)v KoXdaewv, (fyo/Sov 8' diropia. iirerpL^e i) 98. ovv e? Uo/jltt/jiov UpeajSet^ Tre/x-v/ra? tj^lov SidXua^;. dv 6 h tov Tt9 iroXefjiov elr) fxadelv, idv Tou? Kai avTOfioXov^ rj/jLcv 7rapaBm"i'' "(f)7], 6 ^liOpiBdri'i^ aeavTOV o)V rj/xlv
^ "

"

eVtTpe-v/r?;?."

avTwv to irepl ToU avTo/x6Xoi"i 7rv66fj."vo"; ecppaae, SeSiora? otl w/xoaev opwv Kal ol Td'7rpo"i'Pco/xaLov

424

THE

MITHRIDATIC
XV

WARS

^^ extolled Pompey greatly ; gained, the Romans in Ciliciathey chose him still and while he was ordhfary commander of the war against Mithridates,giving powers

so swiftly and unexpectedly 97. For this victory,

chap.

powers as before, to Pompey make war and peace as he liked, and to proclaim nations friends or enemies according to his own judgment. They gave him command of all the forces beyond the borders of Italy. All these powers been given to any one general together had never before ; and thisis perhaps the reason why they call him Pompey the Great, for the Mithridatic war had been already finishedby his predecessors. He He marches accordingly collectedhis army and marched to the MUhrlfJa territoryof Mithridates. The latterhad an army, forces,of 30,000 foot and selected from his own 3000 horse, stationed on his frontier ; but since LucuUus had latelydevastatedthat region there was a scant supply of provisions,and for this reason deserted. The deserterswhom he many of his men put out their eyes, or burned caught he crucified, them alive.But while the fearof punishment lessened the number of deserters, the scarcity of provisions weakened him. 98. So he sent envoys to Pompey asking on what terms he could obtain peace. Pompey replied, '^ By delivering up our deserters and surrendering Mithridates was at discretion." When made acquainted with these terms he communicated he observed them to the deserters,and when their consternation he swore that on account of the cupidity of the Romans he would never make
him the
same

given to

unhmited

425

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

icrrlv avrcov, kol ovk aa-jrovhaSea rrjv TrXeove^iav irore o firjKotvjj iraai "KS(t)a"L TLvd, ovBe irpd^ei 6 fiev Br] c58e eiTrev, 6 he YIo^tttjio's crvvoLcrec. iveSpav ttol /caOel^; iTTTrecoi^, erepov^i eTre/xTrev eV
TOi? rod (pavepov TrpocpvXa^L

/SacnXedy; evo)(\elv

KoX ecp-qro

auTOi?

(oairep TiTTco/jLevov^,
.

avTOv"; 7r"pt,\a^6vTe"i
KOI TOL-)^
av

par oirehov cruveaeTrrjSriaa el S"L(Ta"; 6 ySacrtXeu? fjbrj Trporjyaye to tte^ov. ol h"

i" TO

Kcil viroi^evyei epeOl^eiv ecrre rcep ol ifctt}? eVeSpas" kol eTpeyjravro. (pevyovai

(7T

d7r")((iipovv. KOL
TTTjLou
KOL

reXo?

r)v

tovto

ttjTvpcoTrjYlo/j.dWy]\ov"^ Kal

^liOpcSaTOV Tveipa e?

iiTiToiiaxia,'
S' viro 99. ^Ejvo-)(kovfievo^
Xeu?
rrjv
aKdiV
eavTOV,

diTopia"; 6 ^acnt?}9

etc

Se tcl Trpo^ eco tov TrepteXOcov oTTiaOev ^1%'^' avTw ^liOpiBuTou, Kal Kal aTpaToneBa (^povpta Kal irevTi'jKovTa aTaBiov; irepiTToWd 69 "KaTov Oel^ d7reTd(ppeve avTOv tov gtl /jLtjaiToXoyelv
TOiv

TjjBeTrj eXTTL^cov Se 6 dyopdv fiev iiraKTov KaK07raO)]a"LV. (f)0app,6vr]

HofjiTrriLov i"i uTre^copef, koX ecreSe;^6T0 Sl"Kadt]p."Voviv

"VfjLapa)";. Kal 6

^aai\"v"; diroTai^pevovTi jxev ovk

Beov"^eW^
vtt

eTreTiOeTO, eW
eyyiyveTai

vtto

tmv TrXricna^ovToiv oaa tcl avOi'? i^diropla'^ vTro^vyia 'iTTTTOV^

dvoia^,r)irdaiv KaKwv, ku/j^vcop B'

el^^
KaTeKoivTe,

TOj)?
avv avTOv

"aT" /.lOPOV^; TTepLTTOLOVfJievO'^,

/^oXi?

"^

vvkto^ r)/u6pa"; 7TevT}]K(iVTa BiapKecra^;

drreBiSpaaKe co? Bh (SaOeiaBl ohoiv Bvcj-^^epoiv. aLcoTrfj TTo/ztt/^/o? o /xoXt? //yctt/oa?

TOiV

et^^ETO
426

6 VCTTd.TCOV,

KaTaXa^wv
TUV

fXeV

Kal t6t6

(plXo)!

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

peace with them, nor would he give up anybody to citap ^^ do anything that was them, nor would he ever not tor the common advantage of all. So spake Mithridates. Then Pom}"ey placed a cavalry force in ambush, and sent forward others to harass the king's out{)osts o})enly, and ordered them to provoke "the enemy" quished. and then retreat, as though vandone" in was those "This until ambush took their enemy in the rear and {)utthem to flight. The Romans might have broken into the enemy's camp along with the fugitives had not the king, apprehending this danger, led forward his infantry, whereupon the Romans retired. This was the result of the firsttrial of arms and cavalry engagement between Pompey and Mithridates. 99. The king, being distressed by lack of pro- b.c. 66 visions, retreated reluctantlyand allowed Pompey The king to enter his territory, expecting that he also would by from scarcity suffer when encamped in the devastated region. But Pompey had arranged to have his supplies him. He to the eastsent after ward passed round Mithridates, a fortified of established series of in a posts and camps circleof 150 stades,and drew a line of circumvallation around him in order to make foraging no longer easy for him. The king did not ojipose this work, either from fear, or from that on the mental paralysis which afflicts all men Being for supagain ])ressed plies approach of calamity. he slaughtered his pack animals, keeping only his horses. Finally,when he had scarcelyfifty days' provisions lefthe fled by night, in profound silence, Pompey Ijybad roads. Pompey overtook him with difficulty in the daytime and assailed his rearguard. The and^defeats king's friends then again urged him to prepare for i""

n"^ht

427

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
ovk

BOOK
aXka

XII
toi";

KekevovTwv eKTCi^ai
iTTTrevcTL

e/^a^ero,

fxovoi'i rov";

kcriTepa"; evv\ai"; r)v\i(jaTO irvKval'^,tj] S' einova-r] '^(opiovKareXa^e 7repLKp7]/xvov,ov pia e? avro avoho^ riv, Kal Teaaape"; avrijv a-TrelpaLTrpov'Voipbaloifir) Be kol dvT""i"v\acraov (f)v\a(T(7ov. M.iOpLSdr7]v. hia^vyelv avroii^ 100. "A/xa S* vp^epa rov /lev arpaTov
ol Trpo^uXa/ce? "KdT6po";, MirXi^ev
Kara

avaKoirroyv 7r\r}cnd^oi"Ta"^

8' dWyXcov

direireLpoyvTO' rov Kal Tti^e? iTTirel'^ 7rpave"^ 'iTTTTcov iirayTOiV T" ^iLdpthdrov %")/3t? KoX %")/5i? r^eXjiaro^ toI"; a(f)"T"poL"i irpocfivXa^i e^orjOovv 'Pay/jiaicov eirLovrajv, iTrTreo^v Be irXewvcov
to

Mi6pLBareL0)v ocBe d0p6(o"; e? to T(ov ol dviTTiTOt re dpa/Srjcro/xevoL tov"; (TTpaTOTreBovdveiri'jhwv, avvoiXTrrrov^ kol i^ tcrov Tot"; iinovaL ^V(opiaLOi"^ S' avTOv^ ol avco kn ottXlKaTiB6vTe"^ (t6jjU"vol. hpopLfp KOL (Tvv ^opievot /Soj] TTpoaOeovTa^,tcau ro avrov^ ytyvo/jLevov ovk elB6Te";dXXd

a^icrt

vTroXa^ovre^,
eKdrepa
rod

co?

(j^evyeLv "iXr)pp.h'ov a^wv rjBrjKaS'

p,e6evTe"; drparoTreBov, rd onXa 6vto"; 3' rov Trpoaeir')(copLov "(bevyov. dSie^oSov dXX'i]XoL"^ raiov dvaarpe(j)6pL"V0L, p^xpi' KaOrfkavro

arpand rw dvev Trpocrrdyro)V ^liOpiBdrr]Bid TrpoTrireiav iiriKOvpelvkXopievcov oopv/xaro^; roi? '7Tpopd^oi"; Xolttov ^rjOelaa epyov evKoXov Kal ro Bie^Oapro, Ilop.7rT]i(i), rjv rw Krelvovn Kal avXXapj3dvovrL en dv67r\ov"; fcalev TrepLKprjpvM avyKCKXeicrpeuov^.
Kara royv

Kprjpivwv.

ovrco

pueu r]

Kal dvrjpedno-ave? pvpLov";, Kal

oXrj

ro

arparoireBov
vTracFTnarcoi'

Be 101. y[L0pLBdrr]";
428

KareX')]cf)Or]. rf) irapanKevfj

perd
row

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

battle, but he would not fight. He merely drove chap. back the assailants with his horse and retired into ^^ The following day the thick woods in the evening. he took up a strong position defended by rocks, to by only one access which there was road, which four he held with an cohorts. advance guard of The Romans put an opposing force on guard there to prevent Mithridates from escaping. both commanders 100. At daybreak put their forces under arms. The outposts began skirmishing on the slope and some of the king's horsemen, without their horses and without orders, went to the A larger number assistance of their advance guard. up against them, and these of the Roman cavalry came Mithridates horseless soldiers of rushed in a body back to their camp to mount their horses and meet When those the advancing Romans on equal terms. stillarming on the higher ground looked who were down and saw their own men running towards them the with haste and outcries, but did not know reason, they thought that they had been put to flight. They threw down their arms and fled, thinking that their camp had already been captured no on either side. As there was road out of the place they fell foul of each other in the confusion, until finallythey leaped down the precipices. Thus the army of Mithridates perished through the rashness by of those who caused a panic going to the assistance of the advance guard without orders. Pompey left the easy task of killing and was

and shut up in a rocky 10,000 were slain and the camp with all its war-material was taken. forcing his way to the clifrs,accom101. Mithridates^
capturing men defile. About
not yet armed

429

APPIANS
CAP.

ROMAN
ra

HISTORY,

BOOK
/cat

XII

e? fjiovcov cDadfi"vo"i

KaraKprifiva

SiacfyvavveiXP^'l'

yoop

ivervx^

rtariv

linrevcn

kol fjLLaOo(f)6poL"i

6i^ o't ev6v"s avzM 7re^ol"^ TpLcrxi^^OL"i, ^iv6pr]ya irovro e? ev6a avrw (ppovptov,
fxara ttoWcl

eaea-ojpevTO'

kol

ivtavTOv
e?
Tou
awv.

roL";

av/jLifyvyouaL
errl

Bcopeav kol SiiSoiKev.

ra?

(pepcov

fxiaOov S

rcikavra e^aKidX^Xia

o)? eKelOev e? 7r7]ya"i ijireiyero

rod KvcppdKo\;!^ol'? irepd-

rov fiev ;^yoc6//,ei^o9 Fivcfipdrrjv V/J-epa fidXtara rerdprr), V7reprj\9ev tou? TpLcrl 8' aX\aL"? KaOiardpLevo'^kol ottXl^mv 'Appcevlap e? ry^v X.a"T')p'y]V avvovra^ rj7rpo(Ti6vra"^ iv6/3a\ev, kwXv/lev KaVll3r]pa"i, evOa xi(OT7]vou"i avTOV /SeXecrc ovra"? eXavvwv Knl a^evhovaL^, 8t"l/3^]pa^ BiPiXPeveVl TOP "Ay\rapov TrorapLov. ev Kala ol ptev irpoyovov^; ol S' diroLKovi Tov"i V^vpwTraiwv ^l^rjpwv, tmv ol he (.lovov

BpojJLw S'

inravcrrw

r^yovvrav

opicovvpLOV'^c6o"iyap

ovBev

r)V opLOiov,

MtOpiSdry]": S' eV AiO(TKovpOL"; x^tpid^wv, r]v nva AlorjyovPTac t% TToXiv OL Ko\;^ot avpL^oXov i7riSr]p,La^, ApyovavTai"; ovSev (TKOvpcov (Tvv hievoelTO, dXXd rov ev (TpiiKpov,ouS' olop (pvyfj, HoPTOV OXOV iv KVKXfp KOL ^Kv6a"ieTTt TW YLoVTO) e? ^oairopov KOI rr]v MaidyrL^a Xip,vr]v virepeXOoiv rod TratSo? upx^jv, t/]v re Ma^dpovi epi^aXelv, dx^piarov irepl avrov yevopuevov, "napaXa'^oov 'Fo)pLaLOi"i yeveaOai, Kal iroXeavQi"^eK /uercoTTOv Aaia, rov rropov iv ovatv ^vpdi7rr}"; puelve/c T"}9 rf] Boarropov ov iv pLea-Qi6epievo"i, KXrfOrjvai vopLL^ovai ore 'loO? hiavr^^aj-ievT)^, ^ov"i yevofievi] Kara "Rpa^ ^rjXorvTrlav
^
""

yXoyaaa. 7)

ejyevyev.

430

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

panied only by his body-ouard, effectedhis escape, ciiAr. ^^ and fellin with a troop of mercenary horse and about 3000 foot who followed him directlyto the fortress of Sinorex,where he had accumulated a large sum of money. Here he gave rewards and a year'spay to those who had fled with him. Taking about 6000 talents he hastened to the head waters of the Euphrates, intending to proceed tlience to Colchis. Marching without halt,he crossed the Euphrates on about the fourth day. Three days later lie put Mithridates in Older and armed the forcesthat had accompanied ArSenia him, and entered Armenia or joined at Chotene. There the Choteneans and Iberians tried with darts and slingsto prevent him from coming in, but he advanced through them and proceeded to the river Apsarus. Some people think that the Iberians the ancestors of the Iberians of of Asia were Europe : others think that the former emigrated from the latter ; still others think they merely have as their customs name, the same and languages were not similar. Mithridates wintered at Dioscurias in Colchis,which city,the Colchians tliink,preserves there of the the remembrance of the sojourn Dioscuri with the Argonautic expedition. Here he conceived the vast plan, a strange one for a fugitive, of making the circuit of the whole Pontus, and then of Scythia and the sea of Azov, thus arrivingat the And thence Bosporus. He intended to take away the kingdom scytMans of Machares, his ungrateful son, and confront the Romans once more ; wage war against them from the in Asia, and put side of Europe while they were between them the strait which is believed to have it across been called the Bosporus because lo swam when she was changed into a cow and fledfrom the of Hera. jealousy
431

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
ToaouTo

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

102. 'E?

6 ^iLdpLBcLT^]'; i"f)iKea$at Ofiw^ eirevoet, Bevev edvi] ^kvOlkol kol TroXejuiKa kol
ovtco TTeidcov rj ^la^ofxevo^' kol

"7r"iy6fjLei' TrapaBo^oXoyla^
koI

Blco-

aXkorpia

arvyMV
fiev ovv

erpe'^aro e? rov (paalv

TToWa

"TL koI alhkaiybO'^ 'A;^aiou? 8' Bexop'evov^; avrov TrapcoBeuev, Blcokwv ov^ utto Tpota? eiravtovra'^

kol (pevycov tjv. ^Hvlo^ov^ (f)0^epo";

Uovtov

koI virepocf irarpiBa'i 'EX\')]viKa) 6evTa"; rw ^KvOiKOi'^ /M7]VL(Tac yevei, /cat 'RWtjvcov oaov^ ekoiev KaraOveiv, Trpcora fxev

y^avra";

iraOetv o)? 8' eVt vav^

i/cireaeiv, ')("l/jlmvo^ fcal "EXX^fva^i vtto ^ap/3dpo)v, Tre/xvtto

e?

ra^

airavra'^
avTMv

6pyri"=;, avv "xpovw B\ tou? KaWiarov^i jJLQVov^, fxera Be rov"; KXojpov/j.evov^. kol
i/tt'

'^kvOikmv 6 Be rdBe fiev rrepl 'A%aicoy tcju MiOpLBdrr]!;e? rrjv Mulcotlv ifijSaXcop, t;? elcr] Kara avrov KXeo^; epywv TToXXolBvvdarai, iravTcov re en K^ciiBuvd/j,"0)"i ol 7rapovar]"^ KoX dpx^]^} u^loBeyofievoivre kul Xoyov, irapaireixiTovTcov, koI
Bcopa TToXXd
KOL

erepa, o Be Kal Ko/jii^ofiivcov (f)"p6vrcov

avTOi"i erWero, eTruowv erepa kulvoavfi/xa-^^^lav repa, Blo, Hpa/c?;? "? MaKeBoviav Kal Bia Ma/ceBovcDV e? IXatoi^a? ifi/SaXcov virepeXOelv e? Tr]v Ovyarepwv ^IraXiav ra "AXireia opiy ydpuov^i re B war core poi"^ avrmv TOt? av/jifjLa)(^La eirlrfjBe rfj 6 iral^ 7rvv6av6iievo"i ^la^dp^J^iS' avrov riyyva. oBov re rocravrrjv oXiyw xpovw Kal dypta eOvr/

Kal
432

ra

KaXovfJieva

KXeWpa

XkvOmv, ovBevl

rrw

THE

MITHIIIDATIC

WARS
chap.
"'^'

102. Such was the chimerical that Mithriproject He imagined neverthedates now eagerly pursued. less, that he should accomplish it. He pushed
on

through strange and warlike Scythian tribes, partly by permission, partly by force, so respected he still,although a fugitive and and feared was He in misfortune. passed through the country of the Heniochi, who recieved him willingly. The Achaeans, who resistedhim, he put to flight. These, it is said, when returning from the siege of Troy, driven by a storm into the Euxine sea and were underwent great sufferingsthere at the hands of tiie barbarians because they were Greeks ; and when they sent to their home for ships and their request disregarded,they conceived such a hatred for the was Grecian race that whenever they captured any Greeks in Scythian fashion. At them they immolated first in their anger they served all in this way, afterwards handsomest ones, finally a few only the and chosen by lot. So much for the Achaeans of Scythia. Mithridates finally reached the Azov country, of which there were many princes, all of whom received him, escorted him, and exchanged numerous presents him, fame on his deeds, his account with of the of his not to be empire, and power, which was still despised. He even formed an alliance with them in contemplation of other and more novel exploits, such Thrace as marching to Macedonia, through through Macedonia to Pannonia, and passing over the Alps into Italy. With the more powerful of these princes he cemented the allianceby giving them hisdaughters When in marriage. his son, Machares, learned that he had made such a journey in so short a time among savage tribes, and through the so-called Scythian 433

APPIANS
CAP,

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
rwa^

fxev '^e'yovora irepard, BtoSevcraL, irpea^ei^

e?
avTOV

dvdy/^j] Oepa-Trevaeie'PcojjLatov^, opyrjv Be d/cpov etSw?

co? eire/jLirevdiroXoyrjao/xevov';
ev
tu)

e? r7]v "cf)6Vjev

'X^eppovrjcrov, rd^;vav"; 6 irarrjp. erepa'^ Xva /xt]hico^eiev Sia7rpt]aa"i, avrov

Uovtm

8'

bkeavTov eKeiPOV, irpoXa^oov eViTre/x-v^ai^To? ou^ 6 Se MLOpLSdrr]";avrov Tetvev. rdv (J)l\cl"v

avTO"; fjLev
eKreive,

6?

t7jv

dp^rju diriovTi iSeSaoKei, Trdvra^

co?

rov^;

Be rod TraiSo? aTra^et?

v7rrjp6Ta";

Ihiov

yevofjievov^ dcf))]Kev. cf)LXov o ^lidpiBuT^jv, tov 103. Kat rdSe fiev rjv d/xcj)!

avrov Be Tlofi7n]io"; fiexpi' evOv";p,ev errl rfj (j^vyfj avrov }^d\-)((iyv fierd Be, ovBa/id Bo^a'^ eBiw^e, Xl/xvtjp MaiWTiSa Tlovrov ovre rov ovre rtjv en nrpdy/xacriv rrepLeXevaeaOaiy ovBe peydXoVs KoX;^^^'* emrjei /caO etcrreaovra, tou? ey)(^eLpr]aeiP Apyovavro)v Icrropiav Kal AiocTKOvpcop Kal rr)? 'H/oa/c/Veou? emBr]pda^; to rrdOo^ pLaXiara IBelv Ilpo/xi]6eL ideXcov o yeveaOai Trepl to (pacrl 5' e" rov Y^avKuKavfcacrov opo^.
^

;\;/3i;cro0o/9oOo"t d(^avh' Kal oi TrepiOLKOi iroXXal ^ijy/xa Trrjyal ro e? to pevfia /3a9vfiaXXa, KcoBiaTi6evr""i yjrPiypa
orov

eviayoiJbevov avTol"^ eKXeyovcnv.

tcro)?

kul

roiovrov

tjv

Bepo";. rov ovv Xlijrov ')(^pva6piaXXov Icrropiadviovra ol jxev dXXoL 'n.o/jL7rr]iov eVl rfj 3' 6 eOvrj yeirova- 'Opot^T?? TrapeTre/xTTOv,oaa Twy 'AX^avMV /Sao-iXeu? Kal WprcoKri'^6 'I/Sijp'-o Kvprov 7rora/.i6v, rov e-nrd fxvpidcnveXo^f^v d/ui(f)l BuiBeKa arofxacTi iTXwrol"^ e? ri-jv Kaarriav 09 OdXaaaav epevyerai, ttoXXcov i";avrov e/i/^aXcvKal
ro

434

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

been passed by any one chap Gates, which had never ^ before, he sent envoys to him to defend himself, saying that he had been under the necessityof concihating the Romans. But, knowing his father'sviolent temper, he fled to the Pontic Chersonesus, burning liisships to prevent his father from pursuing him. When the latterprocured other ships and sent them after him, he anticipated his fate by killinghimself. friendsw^hom Mithridates put to death allof his own he had lefthere in places of authoritywhen he went away, but those of his son he dismissed unharmed, as they had acted under the obligations of private friendship. 103. This was the state of things with Mithridates. b.c. 66 Pompey at once pursued Mithridates in his flight as far as Colchis,but he thought that his foe would Pompey

get round to Pontus or to the sea oi Azov, to or undertake anything great now that he had been He advanced to Colchis driven out of his kingdom. in order to gain knowledge of the country visited by the Argonauts, the Dioscuri, and Hercules, and he especiallydesired to see the place where they say fastened to Mount Caucasus^ that Prometheus was Many streams issue from Caucasus bearing gold-dust fine as to be invisible. The inhabitants put so sheepskins with shaggy fleece into the stream and ; and perhaps the thus collect the floatingparticles golden fleece of Aeetes was of this kind. All the Pompey his on neighbouring tribes accompanied exploring expedition. Only Oroezes, king of the Albanians, and Artoces, king of the Iberians,placed in ambush for him at the river Cyrtus, 70,000 men by twelve which empties into the Caspian sea navigable mouths, receiving the waters of several
never

T-"

Ill

advances

Colchis

435

APPIAN'S
CAP. Tcov

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
rravrcov

XII

TTorajJiOiv, Koi

fieylaTOu

Apd^ov.

rov alaOofievo^ he t^? evehpa"; 6 Ilo/ji7r/jio"; iTorafJLOVi^evypv, koI tol'9 ^ap^dpov"; crvve\dcra"^ 8' elal BeivoL, e? Xo-x^/JLt]!/ /SaOelav{xikoiiayniaai

XoxfJ^V KpyTTTOfxevoLT" Kol eVioi'Te? aurfj (K^avMsi) rov Trepianjcra^ iveTrprjcre, arparop Kal tov^
kol re iK(f)evyovTa"; ofjiripd ehiwKev,eo)? a7ravT""; koi e? 'Fayfirjv ocopa -IjveyKap. Kal iBpLcifi^evaev UTTO

TMvBe.

iroWal

Be

ev

re

koI to?? 6fM7]poL"i

TOt?
TOiV

yvpal/ce^,ov fieiova al'XfJ'CLXcoTOL'; 7]vpe6)]crav dvSpcov rpav/jLara "X,ovaaL' Kal idoKOvv

^A/jLa^6v""^ elvai, etVe Tt e0vo"; iarlv avrol^i Tore iirUX'^jTOL e? (tvjjlyeiTOvevov at W/ia^6ve";,
fia^iav
yevojjievaL,
eire

Tim?

6\ci)"; 7ro\"fiLKd"^

fidp/3apoL KaXovcriv 'A/xa^oz^a?. yvvaiKa"; ol rfjhe 104. ^EiravLcovS' ivrevOev 6 TToyu-Trz/fo? iarpdrevaev

i"i^Ap/x"VLavyeyfc\7]/u,a e? Tcypdpr] Tidefiepo^

on
*

(JwepLd^eL MiOpiSdrj]' Kal tjv ")']Brj irepl Se ovk eyvw Aprd^ararrjv ^aaiXeiov. Tiyp ij/j]
TToXefiuv /JL"V
en,

valSe^ 8' e'/c t% MidpLBdrov iyeyevijpTo,iiv Bvo jiev avTo"i 6 OuyaTpo"i avTM dvrjprjKei, Tiypdvyj"; top /xep ev pLd^rj, TroXefiovprd
(TTO 01,

8' eV Kvprjyeaioi^, avTou dpLeXrjTrecroi/To? ere crapra k"l/i6pov. Kal to BidBy/ia TrepiOe/xepop ip /xep TOt? Kvvr)ycaiOL"s 6 Be TptTO?, TLypdpr]";,
TOP
rov v7repa\yr]"Ta";

TraTpo?

vtt "aTe"pdpa)TO

avTou,

(iLKpop Be Bia\nrd)p aTTean) Kal oBe,Kal iroXefiMP 43^

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

large streams^ the greatest of which is the Araxes. chap. Pompey, discovering the ambush^ bridged the river -^^ ^ and drove the barbarians into a thick wood. These ^ Lttie taking cover and with the people are skilfulforest-fighters, attacking without shewing themselves. So Pompey surrounded the wood with his army, set it on fire, when they ran out, until and pursued the fugitives they allsurrendered and brought him hostages and presents. Pompey was afterwardsawarded one of his the triumphs at Rome for these exploits. Among found, were hostages and prisoners many women who had suffered wounds no less than the men. These were supposed to be Amazons, but whether the Amazons are a neighbouring nation, who were like called to their aid at that time, or whether any warbarbarians Amazons by are women the called there,is not known. 104. On his return from that quarter Pompey He marches marched against Armenia, making it a cause of war against Tigranes that he had assisted Mithridates. He was now not far from the royal residence, Artaxata. Tigranes was resolved to fightno longer. dates, He had had three sons by the daughter of Mithrihe had himself killed one in two of whom fighting against the battle, where the son was because he father, and the other in the hunting-field had neglected to assist his father who had been head thrown, but had put the diadem on his own lying on the ground. The while the father was Tigranes, had seemed to was third one, whose name be much distressedby his father'shunting accident, from him, but, nevertheless, and had received a crown he also deserted him after a short interval, waged war against him, was defeated, and fled to
"

^f^ancs

437

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

e? ^padrrjv t5" irarpl koX r)TTc!}fjL"vo"; eVe^euyei ^ivrpiKov Tov YlapOvalwv /SaaiXea, ttjv apri rod Be hiahehey[ievov. u,p')(r]v irarpo'^ 7r\t]aida'avT0(;tov

tl TlojjLTrrjLOv "t"padTr], avy)(^copovvr6^ KOLVcDadjJLevo"; Ihlave? tov TIo/jltt/jiov fivo)KUKelvov KaX (^Cklav 6 Trat? iK6Tr)";e? tov Tiopbirrjiov, fxevoVy KaTecjiVjep MiOpiSaTou OvyaTpihov'^. dWd Mv Kol TavTa IIo/jltov koI TTLo-Teca ArXeo? rjv fieya SiKULocrvvrji; Brjiriavvo"^ w 1T7JL0V irapd toZ? ^ap/3dpoL"i, koI o tu fjei, iraTTip Ttypdv7]"i ouS' iiriK^jpyKevad/jLevo^ Si/caia dWa ra T" e? irdvTa iauTov eir it peylra"^ Uo/LirrrjiO), tov kol KaTi]yop7]acov TraiSo? iirl Se avTW linTdpy^^ov^ Hofi7rr]Lou. koi eVi )(^i.\idpxov"; HofiTrrjiOV, tov viravTav KeXevaavTO^ ol fiev TipLf] Tiypdvr] to dKi^pvKTOV TOV ovT6"; dfi(f)l ohov rr}? 6 Se TLypdvr]"; SeSiore? ottlo-co, rjXOe,Ka\ etpevyov Uo/jLTTtjiov TOV ^ap/3apLK(o^ o)? Kp"LTTOva TTpoaeviro Kvvijaev. pa/3Bovxoi"i elal 8' ol Xeyovaiv d')(9rivai, HopuTrrjlov tov tov vtto avTov p/ir fieTdire i^eXoyeiTo yevofJLevov. oiroTepw^ 8' rfkOev, irepl iSiSov YIofiTrrjla) Twv fxev avTw yeyovoTcov, kol Be Spaxpd"i Ty aTpuTcd TdXavTa e^uKia^t^iXca, Xo)(ay(p ^^^Xia?, koX 7revT)]K0VTa eKdaTa", kol

avveylyvwaKe tcov BirjTrjcre kol tco avvrjXaaae yeyovoTOiv kol irathi, TOV 'E(i)(f)7]vi]"; fiev vlov dp^eiv t?}? Kal VopSvrjvi]^, he dpa elcrlv Apfievca jSpa-^VTepa, tov at vvv ^Ap/jLevia^; dXXy]"; iraTepa ri}? eirlTwBe tw iraiSl dpxw' KXrjpovopiip. T-qv Be eiTLKTiiTov avTOV CKeXevev ijBr] pedelvai. koi /ueOUt^vplav ttjv dir 6aXdcr(77]"iEvcppdTOV /jie)(pL el%6 yap Br]Kal
'

/jivpia";. 'XLXi,dp)(^(p 105. Kal 6 IIo/xTr^/io? avTW

T?}?

43"

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

Phraates, king of the Partliians,who had latelychap. "^^ succeeded his lather Sintricus in the government of that country. As Pompey drew near, this young his intentions to Tigranes, after communicating Phraates and receiving his approval (for Phraates took refuge with also desired Pompey's friendship), Pompey as a suppliant ; and this although he was a grandson of Mithridates. But Pompey's reputation among the barbarians for justice and good faithwas it Tigranes the father also Tigranes great, so that trusting to to him unheralded to submit all his affairs came him aVa decision and to make to Pompey's complaint suppliant Pompey against his son. ordered tribunes and him on the road, as an act of to meet cavalry officers courtesy,but those who accompanied Tigranes feared to advance without the sanction of a herald and fled forward, however, and prosback. Tigranes came trated himself before Pompey his superior, in as barbarian fashion. There are those who relate that he was led up by lictors when sent for by Pompey. However that may be, he came tions and made explanafor to Pompey himself of the past, and gave drachmas to each 6000 talents, and for the army fifty 1000 to each centurion, and 10,000 to each soldier, tribune. 105. Pompey pardoned him for the past,reconciled Pompey him with his son, and decided that the latter should 1^^,^ ""^ the Gordyene Sophene settles are now (which and called rule Lesser Armenia), and the father the rest of Armenia, Armenia and that at his death the son should succeed him in that also. He required that Tigranes should now give up the territory that he had gained by war. Accordingly he gave up the whole of Syria from the Euphrates to the sea ; for he jield that and a part
439

APPIAN'S
CAP.
KOI Tr'-jvhe

ROMAN

HISTORY,
TLva

BOOK

XII

KiXiKLa^i
TOV

^Avrioxov 6 Tiypdv7](;,
^Appe-

Tov i/c^aXcbv

TrpocrayopevOivra. evore^r)

Tiypdvr] tt/jo? IlofiTryjiov oBevovra rovr tov iyKareXeXoLTreaav, iv "Xopt"";,

UofXTrrjicp "tl ovtu irapa ireWoviralha 6 tu" kol atv fiev i\ri"p6r] TraTpL koX einOeaOai ctti iBedr], /cat ipedi^cov pteTa^vllap$vaLov"i dvrjpeOrp 6 Be kol YiopLirrjLov TOV iOpiapi^evOr) iKT"T"\ea0ai ol tov UopL7nJLO"; irdvTa iroXepov ^vLKa ttoXlv evOa ttjv pbd^W ijyovpieva, (pKi^e Mi6piBdTr}v, ttTTo tou epyov NiKG'iro\L"i KXy^eTai, y) ^Appevia^ Xeyopevrjf;. eaTiv /Spaxy^epa'^ t7]"; Koi 8' ^Apio/Sap^dvT} aTreBiBov /SacnXeveivKaTTTraBoa ^u"(f)i]V)]v Kia";, KoX TrpoaeTriBcofce /calVopBvrjvrjv, Tft) TracBl epepepLaTO tu) Tiypdvov^' kol crrpar?;yeiTai vvv a pa ttjKaTTTraBoKia kol TdBe, eBcoKc KiXifcLWittoXlv Kacrra/SaXa Koi aXXa"^. Be Kal
avTOV
tu)

viwv S*oaoL

VTro-^ia

T"}? ^ApL0^ap^dvy]"i p^ev

Se/Sao-ToO, ov, pL^Xpi Kataapo^ iyevovTO tov e(^* KaBdirep to. XoiTrd, kol ijBerj ^aaiXeiairepujXOev
e?

^aaiXeiav oXrjv Ta' irepLooveV6;^ety0^o'e. koX iroXXaX pieTa^oXal iraiBl

ovv

tt^v

aTpaTip/tav.

XVI
CAP.

106. 'O Be TToyCtTrr/fO? /^altov

eTToXep^rjcre"p,"v"
"9

Tavpov
T'W

iiTrepeXOwv
ew?

^AvTio^^p

Koppayrjvw,

6 'Ai'Tto^o? avT(p avvrjXOev, i7ro\"p,r]a6 Be Kal Aapelo) tm M?JSro, etVe p^expi' ecpvyev,

(^iXiav

^AvTLox^p

Tiypavr) TrpoTepov. au/jpLax^^ et''"^ iiroXepLvc^eBe Kal "Apayjn tol"; Na/3aTaioi";,

440

THE

MITHIUDATIC

WARS

chap. of Cilicia,which he had taken from Antioclius, wlio deserted "^^ surnamed Pius. Those Armenians ^'"' Tigranes on the road, when he was going to Pompej, because tliey were suspicious, persuaded his son, wlio was still with l^ompey, to make an attempt uj)on his father, Pompey thereupon seized and })ut him in meanwhile triedto stirup the Parthians chains. As lie against Pomj)ey, he was led in the latter'striumph Pompey, and afterwards put to death. And now thinking that the whole war was at an end, founded Mithridates a cityon the place where he had overcome in battle,which is called Nicopolis (thecity of from that affair, and is situated in Lesser victory) Armenia. To Ariobarzanes he gave back the kingdom of Cappadocia and added to it SQj)hene and Gordyene, to the son of Tigranes, and which he had j)artitioned which are now administered as jmrts of Cappadocia. He gave him also the city of Castabala and some others in Cilicia. Ariobarzanes, however, intrusted his whole kingdom to his son while he was still living. Many changes took ]"laceuntil the time of Caesar Augustus, under whom this kingdom, like the others,became a Roman province.

XVI 106. PoMi^EV then jiassedover Mount Taurus and made war against Antiochus, the king of Commagene, until the latterentered into friendlyrelationswith He also fought against Darius the Mede, and him. either because he had helped put him to flight, Antiochus, or Tigranes before him. He made war Arabs, Avhose king was against the Nabataean
441
VOL. II.
""

chap. ^^'
^-'^'

^*

of

I'ou^e
68

b.c.

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
kol

BOOK

XII

^Apira Pa"TL\evovTo"^ avrcov,

Tov (TTO^ovkov

^Api'louSatof?,
"co";

^acTLXeo)^ airoaTCiVTO^,

elXev

^lepoaoXvjJLa rrjv dyKOTdrrjv avrol^ ttoXlv. koI 'Pw/zatoi? vTnj/cove, koI tyjv Ki\LKLa"iBe oaa ovttco

iaTi Koi irepl Evtppdrrjv ^otvLKT) Kol lldXaiaTLVT] Xeyerai, Kal KOiXrj KOL ^Irovpaicov,Kal oaa dWa rifv ^ISoupoLoyp kol dpa'^l 'Vwpiaioi"; eTncov 'Evpia'^, ovofiaTa kuOlak\r)v
octt]
re (Traro,

Xvplav,

eyKXTj/xa pev

irapovra evcre^ov^,
yyovpeiw; 7raTpa)a"i,
TOV
Kara

AvrLoypv tov e? ovhev ")(^a"v Kal heopevov virep dp^7]"; Be,Tcypdvi] tov

WvTioxov

roBe Trpoa-KeKrfjcrdai. ^padrov kol Kovpevw Trpea^ea dcpL/covro dXX7]XoL";crvpireaovTwv, vov"; e? TToXepov
o)?

avTrjv aTTeXacra?, 'Pcopai0L"i T?}? 7"}9 B' avru) BioiTavra

KpaTijaaiTa
Tiypd-

ol pev

Tiypdvov^

IIop,7r"']iov (jvppa')(elv rov (fiiXo) avTw d^L0VVT6"i, 7rpo"i ol Be TOV Iiap$vaiov (jaXiav 'VcopaloviTiOepevoi. Kal 6 TiopLmpo'^ ovk d^iwv Tlap6valoi"; rroXepelv dvev 'Vcop^aloiv yjrycfilap^aT BiaXXaKTd^. dp"pOTepoi"; eirepy^ev Be rj 107. Kal 6 pev dp^l TavTa rjv, ^lidpiBdrrj

YIovtov Kal TlavTCKdiraiov, tov yvuaTO TrepioBo'^ Uovtov tov epTTopLOV EvpcoTTaicov eVl t?}? eV/SoX?}? viecov "Sicjydprjv eVt tov KaTaXa/BcovKTeiveitmv dpdpTfjpa TOtovBe. TTopov Bid fxi^Tpo'^ (^povpiov yiiOpiBdrr}, TL Xav9dvovTe"; 7}V vizoyeioi ev6a Or]cravpol ttoXXcov aiBi-jpoBeTcov ^aXKecov iroXXd

44"

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

king, Aristobu-chap. Aretas,and against the Jews (whose ^^' had lus, untilhe had captured their hohest revolted), Jerusalem. He advanced against,and brought He brings city, under Roman rule without fighting,those parts to it, and the ru\Q Ciliciathat were not yet subject remainder of Syria which lies along the Euplirates, Phoenicia,and and the countries called Coele-Syria, Palestine,also Idumea and Ituraea, and the other parts of Syria by whatever name called; not that he had any complaint against Antiochus, the son of Antiochus Pius, who was present and asked for his kingdom, but because he thought that,since |"aternal he had himself dispossessed Tigranes, the conqueror of Antiochus, it belonged to the Romans by right of While he was settlingthese affairs war. ambassadors Tigranes, him from Phraates to came and who had gone to war with each other. Those of Tigran^es asked Pompey to aid one who was his friend,while those of the Parthian sought to establishfriendship between him and the Roman })eople. As Pompey did not think good to fight the Parthians without a decree of the Senate, he sent mediators to compose their differences. 107. While Pompey was about this business b.c. 65 Mithridates had completed his circuit of the Euxine Mithvidates and occu})ied Panticapaeum, a European market- cri'mea town There at the at the outlet of that sea.^ Bosporus he put to death Xiphares, one of his sons, on account of the following fault of his mother. Mithridates had a castle where, in a secret underground lay concealed a great deal of money treasury,
On the contrary,Panticapaeum was at the outlet of the Palus Maeotis (Sea of Azov)on the site of the modern city Kertsch. of 44.^
^

oftfy"^^^

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
tcov

y^py^jxara eKpVTrrov.

^rparovLKr] Se, fxia

rj yvvaiKwv,

WiOptSciTOV iraWaKMV
rr]V (ppovpLov

e'7riar7]/ji"jV fcal

i)rovSe ruv eVeTe(jyuXaKijv

tov";

Tpamo,
TO

en tovTIoptov rou\]L0pi8dTov 7repiL6vTO";

eVe^etpfcre rw (ppovpiov
01 TOP v'lov kul

Yloixiri^Uokoi

6r](Tavpov^ ayvoovp^evovg
OTL jiiourj rfjSe,

epL7]PV(T"i',iirl avvOrjtc]]

6 Ilo/M7r/jLO";, 'B,i(pdp7]v el
6
jxev
roi?

Xd/Soi, Trepiacoaei.

')(p)]/ia(TLv

iTTiTvyoiv vTrea'^rjTO rov kol iSe'BtL(f)dp')]v avrfj SooK"L kol rd I'SLaalaOopevo'; 8e tmv (pepeaOaL yeyopoTcov 6 AliOpiSuTij^i eirl Kreiveirov 'B.Lc^dprjv
Tou

TTopov,

drac^ov.kol 6 /xev e^eppLy^rev dviav kol e? t?}?dfiapTova7]";,

^vpiav no/x7r/;ioi^, "Tt rrrepl
fievov
vovvToauTov

tT;? p.rjrpo'^ irepaOev, koX e(^op(joarj";

viov

KaT"(f)p6vi]a
top ovtc

e? Trpea/Sei^;
kol
ot

ovtu

alaOavo-

eirep^Trev, 7rap6vro"i,

dp)(^}]"i avTov

'P(ofiaLOi"=; reXeaeiv
avTov

r?}? irarpt^a

llojjLTrrjLOu 3'
TOVTO

^liOpLSdTTjv KeXevovTO^,
Kero,

ixOovra SelcrOatrov d(f)LicaQd kui Tiypdvt'j^;

V7ria')(^ip6pov"^

/xev

ovk

^'hOpiSdrric; ye wv, dfjLahe ravr eXeye, Kol (fiiXov^. d6p6a)"^ KareXeyev eXevOepwv re kol
re
kol TToXXd kuI /SeA,?/

e^r] irOTe viroGTi^aeada he rwv iraih^v TLi"d"i Trepi-^eiv

kol

orpaTidv SovXcov,orrXa

eTTijyvv, (fyeiBo fir/^avd'^ dpor/jpwp t'? rd ";Xa? cure Tiz^o? 0ocbp fievo^ ovre re vevpa, e(T(f)opd"i rrdoLv e? rd /Spax^rara rrj^ ol he vrr-qperai rovrov rrepLovala'; erreypa^ev. ovk TToXXov^: evv^pi^ov, alaOavopukvov rov ^liOpiharov voaov nva TrpoacoTrov yap eXKcohy] rov
voao)v
viro

rpLMv

evvov)((jDvedepairevero

koi

"(opdro,
444

THE
in
numerous

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

chap. iron-bound brazen vessels. Stratonice, ^^^ one of the king's concubines or wives, had been put in charge of this castle, and while he was still Euxine his delivered the she round journey making him to it up to Pompey the secret and revealed treasures, on the sole condition that he should spare her son, Xiphares, if he should capture him. Pompey took the money and promised her that he would spare Xiphares, and also allowed her to take Mithridates learned things. When away her own facts he Xiphares killed these at the straits,while looking from on his mother was the opposite shore, his body unburied, thus wreaking and cast away his s})ite on the son in order to grieve the mother who had offended him. And now he sent ambassadors to Pompey, who was stillin Syria and who did at the straits. They not know that the king was promised that the king would pay tribute to the Romans if they would let him have his paternal kingdom. W^hen Pompey required that Mithridates himself and make his petition as should come Tigranes had done, he said that as long as he was Mithridates he would never agree to that, but that he would send some of his sons and his friendsto do Even while he was saying these things he was He prepares so. levying an army of freemen and slaves promiscuously,^"^ another manufacturing arms, projectiles, and engines, helping himself to timber, and killingplough-oxen for the even sake of theirsinews. He levied tribute on all, His ministers were those of tiieslenderestmeans. ledge, often brutal in their exactions, without his knowfor he had fallen sick with ulcers on his face and allowed himself to be seen only by three eunuchs, who treated him.

445

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
avTw

108. 'n? S*eXijye rb Tra'^o?, Kal 6 arparo^

yh^h ayi]y6pT0

"^aKoaiov(;

iiriXeKTOL jxev e^tjKovra anelpat, dva dvBpa^;, ttoXi/? Be Kal aA,\o? 6fMtXo"; fcal ol arpaTTjyol irapa
tov

vr]""i, Kol ')(wpiaoaa

ttjv

voaov

evrepa jjpyjfcecrav, ayopeiav,

erepov

crrparou
tov

e? /Jiepo"i

^av-

")? crr6/j,aT0";, Tlofimjiov irepl en ra? eKarepwOev e^cov "a/3o\d";, ^vplav 6vT0";. Kacrrcop he ^avayopevi; rjKia^evo^
vTTo

i/jLiropiov eVl

TTore

Tpixpwvo'i "vvov-)(ov /SaaiXiKov, tov

Tpvcpova eaiovTa

KTeiveL TTpoaTreacov, Kal to e? ekevdeplav avveKaXei. ol Be,Kaiirep ttXtjOo^ i^o/jL6vy]"i viro ^ApTa(f)epvov riBrj T^9 cLKpOTToXecoi; MlOplSutov, ^vXa T6 Kal eTepcov vlewv tov

o eoj? Tr]v ciKpav everrifjiTrpaaav, fxev irepiOevTe'^i ^ApTa(j)epvy]"^ Kal Aap"2o"; Kal "Eep^y^ KaVO^dOp7]"i BeicjavTe^ MtOpiSaTOV, EviruTpa, tov 7ra''Se": Kal dyecrOai. Kal rfv eirlTM TTvplirapeBocrav eavToo"i avTOiV ^ApTacj^epv)]^ dfxcpl eTrj pl6vo"=;, TeaaapuKovTa KXeonaTpa Be Be Xonrol iralBe's ol evfiopcjioi. dvTel'xev, cTepa 7rat"; tov MlOpiButov Kal avT7]v BiKpoTa 6 TraTTjp dyd/jL"vo"; iroXXd t/}? ev'^v)(ja"i, Ee iyyv^ rjv oaa (ppovpia, e^rjpiraaev. eViTre/A-v/ra? dpTLXyjTTTa Tw MiOpiBaTT} yevofxeva, 7rp6";ttjv ^avayopecov Oepfiovpylav tcov ucpiaTaTotov MiOpiBuTov, Heppovnao^; re Kal HeoBocrta Kal Nvfifaiov,Kal oaa dXXa irepltov Uovtov ecrTiv evKaipa e? TroXe/xov. 6 Be Td"; aTroaTdaei'; opcov

TTVKvd^yKal TOV (TTpaTOV ev Blcl ^ejSaio'^ ttjv dvdyKrjv fi

rjyefiova^ dTVXovvTa"i 446

^apvT7]Ta Kal e(T(j)opMi'

ttjv del

(TTpaTela^i Kal Bi rr}?

tol";

^rj 6')(^u"v viroy\rLa

ov

aTnaTiav,

(JTpaTol"; e? e? T0v"i erre/jLTrev

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

108. When he had recovered from his illness and chap ^^^ his army was consisted of sixty picked collected (it ^""' ^* each and a great multitude of cohorts of 600 men and strongholds that had other troops, besides shij)s he been captured by his generals while he was sick) the strait to Phanagoria, sent a part of it across another trading-place at the mouth of the sea, in order to possess himself of the passage on either side in Syria, Castor of Phanagoria, while Pompey was still been maltreated by Trypho, the king's who had once eunuch, fell upon him as he was entering the town, killed him, and summoned the citizens to revolt. Although the citadel was already held by Arta- Revolt phernes and other sons of Mithridates,the inhabitants in consequence jfi^hi^d piledwood around it and set iton fire, of which Artaphernes, Darius, Xerxes, and O.vathres, sons, and Eupatra, a daughter, of Mithridates, in led fear of the fire, surrendered themselves and were into captivity. Of these Artaphernes alone was handsome about forty years of age ; tlieothers were and children, Cleopatra, another daughter, resisted, her father, in admiration of her courageous sjjirit,
number of biremes and rescued her. All the neighbouring castles that had been lately occupied by Mithridates now revolted from him in emulation of the daring action of the Phanagoreans, namely, Chersonesus, Theodosia, Nym})haeum, and all the others around the Euxinewhicii are well situated for Mithridates, observing these purposes of war. frequent defections,and having suspicions of the lest it should fail him because the army itself, service was compulsory and the taxes very heavy, and because soldiers always lack confidence in unlucky commanders, sent his daughters in charge
sent
a

447

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

^KvOa^ Si'evvovxoyp toI"^Suvucrrai^ra? OvyaTepa"i

69

ydfjLOv^,aiTMV

arpariav

Kara airo

Ta;^09
zov

oi ^]hr]

irapelvaL.

TrevTa/coaiot.

avTa"^

arparov

TrapeirefMiropavSpe";- ot MiOpiSdrov

(T\ovT6"^eKTeivav
TTpo?

re

rov"=;

ciyovTaf

jSpax^ Biaevvov)(^ov^, del

MiOpiSdrov

evvovxov^

Kparovvra^i
ra?

rod
rov

TreTToXeixcofJievoL, koX

K6pa"^ e?

IXoix-tti'jLov

fcai roawvSe kol (ppovpicou d(f)7]pr)/j."Vo^, "PX^?^ o\.t]"i Kal e? ovBh d^iofiaT?}? SkvOcov (Tv/xfxaxia,'=; ^0? "TL cdv, ovBe T?^9 yyovfxevo'^ai" Tvy("lv,ojjlw^ ovSev ovBe rore i)raireivov ivedufieiro, dW' e? KeXroi;?, "k rjavfM(f)opo)v a^iov iirl TwSe ol yeyov6ra";,eirevoei TToWov (pL\ov"i BiekOcov e? Tr-jv ^\ra\iav crvv iK"LV0L"i

ciTTi'iya'^/ov. 109. 'O he

reKvoiv fcal

efx/SaXetv,

'Vco/xaLcov

ol TToWa eXTTL^cov

KOL

'IraXta? avrf](; eyOei ri}?

irpoaecreaOai,'TTvv6av6fxevo"i mSc /cal ^Ai"i"Lj3av iv 'I/9?;p/a, kul iroXepLOUfiepov

Trpd^at ifcrouSe iincfiO^coTaTOv

'Po)pLaLOL"i yeveaOai. rjBei ^iToXiav Be Kal "i"ay)(^o"i cnracrav utto rrjv a)(eBoi" Pcopatcov aTToardaav inro c'^dou^,Kal i-nlTrXetcrrov

avTOL^

TreTroXe/xyjKviav,

^-TrapjdKcp re

jjlovo-

dvBpl eV ovBefiid^; iv6v/jiovp,epo"; ovri. KeXroi'? ravra e? d^tcoaeo)'^ Be ToX/xy/jLaTO'idi-avrrp Xa/xTrpord"T0. rov lonely Bl avro Tou yevofjcevov,6 arparb^i MKvei fidXiara iiri TO re -^povioi' arpareiav r6X/xi]"; [leyeOo^, T/}? dvBpa"^ wv Kal e? aXXoTpiav yPjv dyup.evoi, Kal errl avrov re rov KparovcTiv. ovB' iv rfjcr(f)"repa yiiOpiBd"qv rjyovpLevoL,irdvrwv diroyiyvMaKOwa,
yLta^w avardaav
avrov^,

iir

448

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

of eunuchs to the Scythian princes as wives, asking chap. time to send him reinforcements them at the same accomas quickly as possible. Five Imndred soldiers panied from his Soon own them army. after the Mithridates left they killed the presence of soldiers leading the women they the eunuchs who were (for who were all-powerful always hated these ])ersons,

with Mithridates) and conducted the young women to Pomjiey. 109. Although bereft ot so many children and He plans castlesand of his whole kingdom, and in no way fit for war, and although he could not expect any aid oFuaiy* from the Scythians, there was stillno trace in his

designs of that humility which befittedhis present fortunes. He proposed to turn his course to the time Gauls, whose friendship he had cultivated a longfor this purpose, and with them to invade Italy, hoping that many of the Italiansthemselves would him on account of their hatred of the Romans ; join for he had heard that such had been Hannibal's waging war against policy when the Romans were him in Spain, and that he had become in this way He knew an of the greatest terror to them. object also that almost allof Italy had latelyrevolted from the Romans by reason of their hatred and had waged long time, and had war against them for a very joinedSpartacus, the gladiator, against them, a man of no repute. Filled with although he was these ideas he was for hastening to the Gauls ; but the very boldness of the plan, which would have brought him great glory,made the soldiersshrink from prolonged service in a foreign land, against in their men even they could not overcome whom own country. They thought also that Mithridates,
449

APPJAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

ri hpwvra ^oiikedOai fidXXov koX ^aaCkiXofievov

Bt apyla^i airoOavelv, ofiaxi eveKapTepovv kol ovydp tol a/xi/cpo^ovS^"v/cara(f)p6p7] i)av)(^a^ov' rjv 6 l3aaiXev"; ovK iv rah avfjL(^opal(;. 6 tmv 110. 'HSe S'e^ovTwv aTrdvTcov, "t"apvdK7]";
7]

TraiScov avT(p
avTov

rLpLiooraro'^

re

kol

ttoWukl^;

vtt

tT;?

dpx^^i aTroheBeiy p,evo"i eaeaOai

Sel(7a"; Treplrovde
p.ev
eTL tov

Bid-

So)(^o"i, "LT6

aroXov
ri

real riy?

dp^fj"iy ft)? vvv

avyyv wao/xevcov

'PcouaLWv,

Se TrdfiTrav 6A,o/cA,','/9"j? d7ro\ovfjLevi]"i et eVt rrjv ^IraXiav o irarrjp (rrpaTevaeiev, eW erepat^ alriaL^ rw ifnOvfiiaL'^, "7r"/3ov\eve KoX XoycapLMV Trarpl. Se roiv avveyvwKL.TWv avifp koI e? Xrj^OevTwv ^aadvov"idyopevrov, M^rjvocpdvy]^ piereTreLcre tov tov en MLdpiSaTTjv o)? ou 8eov,aTrorrXeovra y]8)], S' Td"i ol ripLLcoTarov vibv dveXeiv elvai "(f)7]
TOiavTa^

Tpo7ra"; epya

TroXepLcov, wv

iravaapevwv

6 fiev By] 7r"iaOel"i nrpovrdSe KnOiaraaOaL. tl pLrjvipia reive rCo ttulSIcrvyyv(t)fn]v. 6 Be Beuaa^; KaroKvovvra t)]v aTpareiav, Kol tov arpuTov elBco^i e? 7rpct)Tov"i vvKTO"i TOi)? 'Voipbaiwv avTop,6Xov(;, MiOpiBdrov dyxoTaTw rov (TTparoTreBevovTa^i, tov iafjXOe,koI klvBvvov avTol^ lovaiv iirlttjv iTaXuav, oao^ eh/, (Ta"j)(b"i elBoaiv vTrepeiralpcov, Be pievovaiv eireXTriaa^ eaeaOac irap' TToXXa eavTOv, 7rp07]yay6V e? dirbaTaaiv dirb tov 7raTp6"=;. tcl e? ft)9 3' e7reL(T0r)aav avT)]"i vvKTo"i o'lBe, t?}? iyyv(; dXXa aTparoTTeBa eirep^Trev 6 ^apvdKi]^. Be KaKeivcov, ew irpoiTOL p-ev a pa crvvOep,ev(ov ol avTo/xoXoi, eirl S' eKelvoL^ ol del rjXdXa^av
Koi

45"

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

in utter despair,wanted

like a

to end his lifein harness,chap. ^^^ king, rather than in idleness. However, they

for there was nothing and silent, remained steadfast in his or mean contemptible about him even misfortunes. in this plight Pharnaces, b.c. 63 were 110. While affairs the son who was most esteemed by him and whom he forms a plot had often designated as his successor, either alarmed pY^^^^^ ^"^i"""^W" he about the expedition and the kingdom (for still had hopes of pardon from the Romans, but considered that the kingdom would be completely ruined if his or father should invade Italy), spurred by other formed motives and calculations of self-interest, spirators His fellow-cona conspiracy against his father. were captured and put to the torture, but Menophanes persuaded the king that it would he was as dition, startingon his expenot be seemly, just the to put to death the son who was still Such aberrations were, he said, a dearest to him. feature of wars, and subsided when the common In this Avay Mithridates was wars persuaded ended. fearing to pardon his son, but the latter, still that the army his father's anger, and knowing first to shrank from the expedition, went by night were deserters, who the Roman encamped very near the king, and by magnifying to them the danger, which they well knew, of invading Italy, and by making them many promises if they would from his .Mutiny in refuse to go, induced them to desert ^i^earmy father. Then after he had persuaded them he sent night to the other camps near emissaries the same by, and won them over too. Early in the morning the desertersfirst raised a shout,and then those next to them took itup, one afteranother. E\ en the naval

451

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

koI to vavriKOP T7]v ^or)v TrXijalov /xeTeXd/JL^avov. taw";, ov avTol"i e'Trrj-)(rj(Tev, fiev a7Tavre"i 7rpoetB6Te"i 8' oVre? e? Svcttvxovv to kol [xerajBoXa'^ o^vppoTTOL del TiOeKaivw to VTr"popa)VTe";,iv Se tw ei5eX,7rt he KoX d"yvoia tmv 01 fievoi. avveyvoyKOTCov,
koi Sie"p0dp6at rj'yovpievoi 'KdvTa"^

/xopol eVt oVre?

,

eaeaOat rot? irXeLoaiv "VKaTa(f)pavr)Toi (^o^wKal dvdyfcrj fxaWov i) eKovaiw yvoo/xrj o-vv67ry]')(ovv. 5' "yp6/jL"V0(; M.idpLBdTr]"^ vtto ^orj"^ eVc/XTre Trj"; 6 tl TLva"; eprjaofievovi ol /^cwi/re?. ol ^(^pTp^cLev 8' ovic iyKa\vyjrdp,"i"ot, viov,^ top ^aaie(^aaav, Xeveiv, veov dvil yepovTO"i evvov')(^oL^ re eKSeSo**
"

ttoWou? fievov Kal KTcivavTo^ ijBrj

viea"i

re

koi

r]y6fi6va^ Kal "pLXov";.'' SiaXe6 Mt^p/SaTT^? irvOopevo^,i^^cL 111. "^riv

avTOi'^. ^Ofievo^
eK toI"; irXyjOo'; (ppovpiov avTov"; avTOjJLoXoL'i avveTp")(ev. ol S' ovk e"^a(Tav 69 epydTrpoarjoeaOaL Tvpiv tl dvrJKeaTov iriaTLv 6/iov tov M.LOpiBdTtiv. ol fxev aaa-Oai,8eLKvvuT""; Srj TOV LTTTTov avTOu KTelrai

Kat

rt

"(f)6aaav
")?

"pvy6vT0"^
dvelrrov

Kal

KpaT0vvT6"=; 't^Sy /SaaiXea'Kal ^v(3Xov TL"i irXarelav (pepcov i^ avTOV lepov "(TTe(f)dv(oaep uvtI BiaS/jpaTo^i. dizep

TOV

^apvd/c}]v

eTrefinev e? top avcoOev Ik izepnrdTov 6e(i)pL"vo"i ^apvuKi-jv dXXov err' dXXrp, aWoiV dcrc^aXrj (f"vyrjv BeLaw^ nrepizofxevwv eTravLovro'^, ovBev6"iBe TMV tov"; pev acopaTO(pvXaKa" p,7] 'V(opaioL"^ eKBodeirj, iiraLveaa'^ ert avTOv irapapevovTa^ Kal

(plXov^ veov e? tov ^aaiXea,Kal eirepylrev

452

avTcov

Tiva'i

THE

MITHHIDATIC

WARS

in the cry, not because all of them had chap force joined ^^^ as been advised beforehand perhaps, but being fickle, ever, of the unfortunate, and always contemptuous liope. Others, ready to attach themselves to a new ignorant of the conspiracy, thought that all wiio were had been corrupted, and that if they remained alone they would not be able to offer a serious resistance against overwhelming numbers, and so from fear and necessity rather than inclination joined in the by Mithridates, being awakened the outcry. the out to inquire what noise, sent messengers The latter made no concealment, shouters wanted. but said, " We want your son to be king ; we want a is ruled man instead of an old one who young by eunuchs, the slayer of so many of his sons, his generals, and his friends." Mithridates heard this he went out to 111. When A number reason of troops from a with them. deserters, but to join the guard-post then ran the latter refused to admit them unless they would deed a as do some irreparable proof of their fidelity, The king time to Mithridates. pointing at the same but they had killed his horse first, fled, and at the same time saluted Pharnaces as king, as though the rebels Avere already victorious, and one of them brought a him broad papyrus leaf from a temple and crowned The king saw with it in place of a diadem. these things from a high portico, and he sent mission messenger after messenger to Pharnaces asking pernone to fly in safety. When gers of his messenreturned, fearing lest he should be delivered guard he praised those of his bodyup to the Romans, faithful to him, and friends who remained king, but the army to the new and sent them

453

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,
r) arpaTia

BOOK

XII

eKTeivev irpo(TLovTa"^

avTo"; 7rapa\6yco";,

Be irapaXvaa'^ o irepl tw irepieKeLTO ifCipvi].Svo 5'

Kopat
TOi?

aei ^t^et(papp-aKov avro)

Ovyarepc'^ en
Nva-aa,

MiOpL8dTL"^ re koX avvTp""f)6pevai, AlyviTTOV KoX KvTrpov ^aaLkevcTLV rjj"yv7]rod irpoXa/Selv

irapeKoXovv, (pap/jbciKov

p.evai,
KOI

60)9
TO

elxovTO, koI Trivovra KareKwXvov acpoSpa eiTLOv' p,"v avruKa Xa^ovaai. koI tmv
rov

yTrrero, (})dpp.aKov St ovk itpi/cfeLTO ^ahil^ovTo";, (TVvr6v(o"^ "^e7rLTT]Se"; erepwv cf)ap/jL('iK(op, ol? e? eOo^ Kol avvrpo^iav

Se ^iLOpiSdrov, Kairoi

ap^vvav

"f)dp/jLafca
**

Sr]\r)rr]pi(ov exprjTO avvex^o^' kol MiOpLSaTeia Xeyerai. Bltoltov

"

vvv ovv

en tivcl

IBcov, r/yep^opa KeXrcov,

iroWa

p,ev

e'/c

t"}? err}?,"

69 ovrjaop^ai he he^ia^ a)idp,i]v, nroXepiov^; e(pr],

yue Karepydcraio,KivSwevovra 69 p^kyiGTovel vvv rov d7raxdi']vat OpidpL^ov ttoXXov 7rop.7rt]v fJLexpi'

dSvvadpxv'^ avTOKpdropa kol /SaaiXea, ToaPjcrSe diroOavelv 8l etc rovvra

7rpo(f)v eu^Oij (pappdKwv to XaKijV erepcov ')(aXe'Tr(OTa'rov yap 8?) cfyappaKcov del ^aaCXevai dTTiariav KoX avvoiKov (pdp/iaKOV, 6 ov koI "plXcov, arparov kol iralBcov 7rpoeiB6p.7]v kol htalrrj irdvra Trpo'iBoov rd e'm rfj "pvXa^dp.evo"

BtT0fcT09eTTCKXaaOeU 6 pev Br) eireKOVprjaey^prj^ovr direOvrjaKev, 112. koX 6 \U6pLBdr^]"; e/cTw ^acnXel,

KaiBeKaro^
454

mv

eK

Aapeuov

rov

'TaTuaTrov

Hepacov

THE
some killed

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

of them under a misapprehension as they chap. Mithridates then took out some were poi* approaching. * 'I Mithridates his he always carried in his sheath with son tliat sword, takes "' and mixed it. Then two of his daughters, who were wThout ^^^^^ stillgirls growing up together, named Mithridatis and Nyssa, who had been betrothed to the kings of Egypt and of Cyprus, asked him to let them have some strenuously and and insisted of the poison first, prevented him from drinking it until they had taken some and swallowed it. The drug took effect on them at once ; but upon Mithridates,although he walked about rapidly to hasten its action, it had no because he had accustomed himself to other effect, drugs by continually trying them as a means of are still these ; called protectionagainst poisoners and " Seeing a certain Bituitus Mithridatic drugs. " I there, an officer of the Gauls, he said to him, have profitedmuch from your right arm against my I shall profitfrom it most of all if you enemies. will kill me, and save from the danger of being led in a Roman triumph one who has been so many years the absolute monarch of so great a kingdom, but who is now unable to die by poison because, like fool, he has used other drugs as antidotes. a Although I have kept watch and ward against all takes with his food, I have the poisons that a man not provided against that most deadly of allpoisons, which is to be found in every king's house, the faithlessness ma death of army, childrenand friends." Bituitus, much moved, rendered the king the service that he desired. 112. So died Mithridates,who was the sixteenthcharacter '^'^^^^ in descent from Darius, the son of Hystaspes,king of ^"^
,,. ,

.^

"

4SS

Mithridates

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

Ma/ce/?ao-/Xt'a)?, 07S009 6' airo MiOpiSdrov rov hoVCdVaTTOCTTai^TO? T" Koi KTr](TafJL,eVOV TI-jVIlovTifcrjp 5' oktco dp)(^t';p. i)ivvea iirlTOi"i

e^LCo

e^/jKOvra
ereaiv

ereat,

Kal

tovtcov

eind
yap

kol

irevrr'jKOVTa

i/SaalXevaev

TreptfjXOev 1) dpXV' ^yecpcaaaTO he rd TreploiKa rdv ^ap^dpcov, 7roWov"i, 'Pwyitatoi?recrreal'^kvOmv vTrrj'ydyero

e?

ovra 6p"pavoi'

ev crapaKovTovTt] iroXefiov ejKparM'i eiroXefjii-jaev, u" Bi^fi^ia? eKpdrrjae TroXXa/ct? Kal KaTTTraSoKia^,

^pvyiav Kal Ila(f)\ayov kol Aalav T" iireSpa/xe iav KOL TaXarlav Kal WaKeSova's, e? re ti]v ILWdSa i/ji/3a\o)v TroXkd Kal /xeydXa eSpacre, Kal tt;? 6aXda(T7j": diro Ki\LKLa"i eirl rbu ^lovLOv avrov avOi^ e? P'^XP^ SyWa?
'

dpxv^ avveKXetcrev, r^]V iraTpwav CKKalSeKa a T parol) p,upidBa'^ diro/SaXovTa. Kal roawhe iroXeTrraiapaTL avpiTrecJOiv oyuw? dveKivrjae rov
p.ov

rjp^e,

"up,apc!)^. (TTparrjyot^; re arvvevexOeh "? %v\ka pev pdxcL^ Tol^ dpiaroL"i, t)rTdroKal Tlop,7r7]iov, AevKoWov TroWd Kal rcoi'Se Kal 7r\eov"KT7](Ta"; 7roWdKC"^, AevKtov Se Hdacriop Kai "Ottttlov }s^6lvtov ^IdvLov ^AkvXlov

Kal

alxP'CLXcoacTeivev,

TOf?
aiTiop Tft"

eXoiP
Tov

Trepnjyero, P'^xpi' iToXep.ov yepopepop,

top

p.ev

Tov"i

Be direScoKe

ipLKa Se Kal ^^tp^^piap Kal Xlovptjpap virarov Kal ^ajSiop Kal Tpidpiop. Kal Horrap 8' del, Kdp raU TO (j"p6pr]p,arjp avp."f)opal p,eya"; Kal "^epe7ropo"^. ovhep^iap ye tol Kara 'Vwpiaicdpohop e? i7nx"ipV(^''^" ovB' 7j7T(op,"vo"i,

'EvWa.

456

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

^ the Persians, and the eighth from that Mithridates chap kingdom who leftthe Macedonians and acquired the of Pontus. He lived sixty-eightor sixty-nine years, for the kingdom and of these he reigned fifty-seven, He subdued an to him when he was came orphan. barbarians and many the neighbouring of the

Scythians, and waged a hard-fought war against the Romans for forty years, during which he frequently conquered Bithynia and Cappadocia, besides making incursions into the Roman province of Asia and into He Phrygia, Paphlagonia, Galatia, and Macedonia. invaded Greece, where he performed many remarkable to the Adriatic, exploits, and ruled the sea from Cilicia until Sulla confined him again to his paternal kingdom after destroying 160,000 of his soldiers. Notwithstanding this great disaster he renewed the

fought with the greatest was vanquished by Sulla, LucuUus, and Pompey, although several times he got the better of them also, Lucius Cassius, Quintus Oppius, and Manius Aquilius he took prisoners and carried about with him. The lasthe killed because The others he he was the cause of the war. surrendered to Sulla. He defeated Fimbria, Murena, was the consul Cotta, Fabius, and Triarius. He in misfortunes. always high-spirited and indomitable even Even beaten he left no avenue when
without difficulty. He He generals of his time.
war

of attack against the

*

Romans

untried.

He

made

Section 9, supra, Mithridates Eupator is called the line from the first in which is probably sixth of that name,
In the truth.

457

APPIAN'S
CAP. ^^^

ROMAN
09 e?
to

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII
crvv-

7rap6\"i7rev,

koI ^avvirai";koI
aoifxa TroWaKi'^
vtto

KeX-rot?

w?, 01)8' tlv6"; airkcTi) ov cttlijltjvovSe tmv Kalirep mv Trpea/SvTt]^. TL"s avTov ^ovXoiV eXaOev, ovB' rj rekevTaia, aXk' eKu"v ovtco^; ravrrjv virepihaiv aTTcoXero Oi' avrt^v dxapiarop 7) TTOvrjpLa avyyvco/jLT]^ TV"y)(^dvov(Ta Be Kal ft)/to? e? iravra'^ rjv, kol rrjv fi-qrepa (f)OviKO"i KOL eKTEive TOP Kal tmv Traihwv TpeU a8e\(f)6v viov'i Kal Tpel^ dvyaT6pa";. to acoixa K rjv fjL6ya"i fiev, ft)? vTroBetKvvovaivocra OTrXa avTO"; e7reyLfv| re "9 'Sefjbeav evpaxrro^ 8i,""? fJiexpi' Kal AeX(/)ou9, LTTTrevaaL re reXou? Kal aKovTiaai Kal ')(i\ia avTov r)ii"pa";, aTaBia t?}? TrepL/xevovTcov eV hiaYttttcov, Bpa/jL"LV.Kal dpjxa (TT7]fjidT0)V rfkavvev 'lttttcov eTre/ueXeTO o/xov. Kal 7raiBeLa"; eKKalBcKa 'EXXr]viKr]"^, 'EXXt)Blo Kal tmv lepwv fjaOeTO tmv vcKMV, Kal pLovcFLKriv r)'yd'Ka. Kal aco^pMV e? mv rjTrdTO ra? TToXXd Kal (pepeTTovo^i ireplix6va"^ TMi^ yvvaiKMV yBova^. 113. 'O /xev Br) eviraTMp re Kal ^lovvcjo^ eVt'FMfiaiOi mBs eTeXevTa, Kal KXr]deU MiOpiBaTr^f; ixOpov Bvax^pov^ dirrjX""? fia96vTe"; ecopTa^ov XayfxevoL' ^apvdKr}"^ Be IlofjuTrrjLM tov veKvu tov

eriOero,kol rpoyOei^re krepcovKar

%epTcopiov eirefiirev e? 'l^rjpuav.

Kai TroXe/nLoyv,

ovk ein^ovka'^,

iraTpo'; e? ^lvmitiiv Kal tov"; eirlTpLrjpov^ eire/iTre, re Mdviov eXovTa'^, 6/i7)pd iroXXa ocra rjv EW?;Beo/JLevof; iraTpMa^ i)rr}? viKd T" Kal jSap^apiKa, dpxv^ V Boairopov ye ^acrtXeveiV /lovov, rjv Tcva

avTov j^aauXeiav irapa Kal Xlaxdp^"i 6 dBeX^o^ B' MiOpiBdTov Uo^irtJLo^ e? fih to 7rap"LX7](peL. OTM/ia TOV MidpLBaTOV xopvy^^^ eBMKe, Kal ddyjrai

458

THE

MITHIUDATIC

WARS

with the Samnites and the Gauls, and liechap. alliances ^^' often sent legates to Sertoriusin Spain. He was but he wounded by enemies and by conspirators, desistedfrom anything on that account, even never None of the conspiracies when he was an old man. ever the last one, escaped his detection,not even but he voluntarilyoverlooked it and perished in consequence of it so ungrateful is the wickedness that has been once pardoned. He was bloodthirsty and cruelto all the slayerof his mother, hisbrother, three sons and three daughters. He had a large frame, as his armour, which he himself sent to Nemea and to Delphi, shows, and was so strong that to the he rode on horseback and hurled the javelin last, and could ride 1000 stades in one day, changing horses at intervals. He used to drive a chariot He cultivatedGreek with sixteen horses at once. learning, and thus became acquainted with the fond of music. religiouscult of Greece, and was He was abstemious and jmtient of labour for the most part, and yielded only to pleasures with
" "

women.

113. Such was the end of Mithridates, who bore the surnames of Eupator and Dionysus. When the Romans heard of his death, they held a festival because they were delivered from a troublesome Pharnaces sent his father's corpse to enemy. Pompey at Sinope in a trireme, together with the persons who captured Manius, and all the numerous hostages,both Greek and barbarian, and asked that he should be allowed to rule either his paternal kingdom, or Bosporus alone, which his brother, Machares, had received from iMithridates.Pompey He is buried ^^''^^^^p* provided for the expenses of the funeralof Mithri-

459

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

avrov rot? depaTrevrrjpaiv j3aGL\ei(p Trpocrera(j)fj kol ev TOL"i 'Elvcotttj ^aaiXeioi'^ evOeadai

ra^e, avrov a"ydfievo"; Ta^ot9,

Kad^
avrov

tPj";fjieya\ovpyLa";o)?

rcov

^apvdfcrjv Be ^acriXecov apiarov rrjv ^IraXiav ^i\ov diraWd^avra rrovov iroWov 'Vo)[xaioL"^ eiroLrja-aro, Kal jSaavKal crv/jL/jLaxov
*^avayopecov, %ft"pi?

\"V"LV eBcoKCV avrCo Boanopov,

ou?

ore iXevOipov^i irpayroi Kal avrovo/nov; d(j)f]K6v, MiOpLSdrt], Kal tm fid\i(TTa oi^e dvappcovvvfievo) Kai vav's opfirjrTjpia e^ovri, Kal arparov dWov d7roardaeco"; i7re')(6ipr]crav, ip/e/iove^ re roL"i dX\.oi"; iyevovro, Kal MiOpLSdrr) Kara\vaew"i atrLOt.

XVII
CAP.

he ivl rwSe iroXefifprdre XrjarrjpLa Kadrjpa^ Kal /SaatXia KadeXcov fxeyiarov, Kal dvev rod HovriKov TroXcfiov, e? {xd^a'^, avveve')(6el"; 'ApK.6X^oi";re Kal AXl3avoL"; Kal "J^ijpac Kal [ieviOL"i Kal Kal "Apayfri Kal Mr^Sofc? Kal ^lovSauoL^ 'PcoerepoL"; edveatv ewoL";, rrjv dpyjiv uiplaaro Alyvrrrov. e? Be Atyvirrov avrrjv fie-ypi, IJLaioL^ KairoL ov e? rov ^aaiXea, TrapfjXOe, aracrid^ovcrav avrov ^aacXico^;, Kal rrepLKal KaXovvro"; avrov Bcopa Kal '^p}]/jiara avra" Kal ea6r}ra"; yjravro'; diravra, etre Beiaa"i fieye6o"i rov e? arparov ^X^' en dp-)(fi^ evrv)^ovari"=;, etre (f)vXa^djjL"VO"^ dirayopevaiv, etre erepcov (pOovov rj ')(^pi]cr/jLMV Kara i^oiaco poi"^ Xoyia/xoL^, ou^ rd Alyvirrca. Be elXrjfjijjievwv iOvwv rd fiev avrovofia Twv 'PcojuaLOis ovveKa, "TV/jL/j,/j,a^La(i rd Be vtto
114.

Auto?

rj^lei
460

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

dates and directed his servants to give his remains a chap. ^^^ royal burial,and to place them in the tombs of the kings at Sinope, because he admired his great of the achievements and considered him the first Pharnaces, for delivering Italy kings of his time. from much trouble,he inscribed as a friend and ally dom, of the Romans, and gave him Bosporus as his kingexcept Phanagoria, whose inhabitantshe made free and independent because they were about the first to resist Mithridates when he was recovering a new his strength,and in possessionof a fleet, army led because they others to and military posts,and the cause of his finalcollapse. revoltand were

XVII 114. PoMPEY, having cleared out the robber dens, chap. in one -^^^^ and prostrated the greatest king then living, war, having fought Jx^oS \n successful and and the same East Pontic besides war, battles, those of the with tiie Iberians,Armenians, Albanians, Medes, Colchians, Arabs, Jews and other Eastern nations, extended the Roman sway as far as Egypt. But he did not although the king of that advance into Egypt itself, a sedition, and country invitedhim there to su})})ress to himself and money and clothing for his sent gifts whole anny. He either feared the greatness of this still prosperous kingdom, or wished to guard against the envy of his enemies, or the warning voice of for other reasons or which I will publish in oracles, my Egyptian history. He let some of the subjugated them allies, nations go free, in order to make Others he placed at once under Roman rule, and
461

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

8' e? ^aalXeia cieBiSov, evOv^i iyuyvero, ra Kpixeviav ical *t"apvuKr] Hoairopoi' Tiy pdvei nev KaTrTraSoKiav, fcaloaa TTpoelirov /caVApto/Sap^dvy ^Avriox^p Ko/ifxajrjva) ^^ ^eXevKeiav rw erepa. MeaoTroTa/jbia^^ dWa ocra kol iTrerpsyfre, t^9 Se /cal TeTpa/9;^a?, TaWoKarehpajxev. eiroiei jxev, oc vvv ypaiKMV elal VaXdrat ^aTTirahoKai'^ Se Ojiopoi, Arjiorapov koX 6r"pov";, UacpXayoi'la^ "ArraXov ApiaTap-)(ovSvvdarrjv. koI KoX^wi^ 6ea"^^Ap)(e\aov Se Kal d7re(f)r)v" eV Ko/jidvoL"; tt}? lepea, oirep earl hvvaareia ^aaikiKy], Kal top ^avayopea Kdaropa 'Vwfialwv ttoWtjp (puXov. Be Kal erepoi? y^dipavre Kal XPVf^^'^^ eScoKev. iv jxev ^Appievla 115. Kal TToXei? wKtcrev rfj he IYovtm ^lkottoXiv iirl ev j3pa')(yTepa vlkjj, rfj FiVTraropiav,rjvavTO"^ /nev 6 evTrdrwp MiOpiSdrrj^i eavrou, "Kriae d(f)' Kal ^viraTopiav wvofiaaev Be 'Fco/iaiov; KaOrjpijKet, Kal 6 vTToBe^a/nevijv iv Be rioyaTrr/to? eyeipa"; ^layvoTroXiv eKoXei. J^aTTTraBoKLa Md^aKa, viro rod iroXefiov XeXv^
^

/xaa/xevrjv

e?

reXo?,

rjyeipev avOi";. Kal erepa^;

BcwpKarevexOeio-a^ rj /3e^Xa/jL/j,eva(; TIovtov Kal TlaXaLaTLV7]v Kal OovTO irepi rov re '^vpiav Kal YLiXiKiav,ev y Br) Kal jidXiara KoiXrjv
TToXXa-^ov

Xyardf; crvvrjL,KL^e. Kal y TroXt? 77 irdXai %6Xol Ho/jltttjcottoXl^; vvv earlv. ev Be TaXavpoL";, rjv 6 ^\L9piBdTr](; Tiva rafiiecov r?}? ttoXlv el')(^e BiaxiXia fiev eKTrcofxara XiOov rfi"; KaraaKevi]^,
rov";

y^pvcroKoXXi-jra, 7)vpedr) Kal owxitlBo^ '\eyo/ievr}"i iroXXol Kal pvrd Kal KXtvai Kal ylrvKTr}pe"; (^LaXat XTnrwv ^(aXivol Kal Kal Opoi'OL KardKocrpoi, Kal irdvra oyu-oto)?BtdXiOa Kal eTrcofilBLa, TrpoorepviBia
462

THE

MITHRIDATIC
"

WARS

others he distributedto kings to Tigranes^ Armenia ; chap. to Pharnaces^ Bosporus ; to Ariobarzanes^ Cappadocia and the other provinces before mentioned. To he handed over Seleucia Antiochus of Commagene and the parts of Mesopotamia tliat he conquered. He made Deiotarus and others tetrarchs of the Gallograecians, tlie Galatians bordering who are now on Cappadocia. He made Attalus prince of Paphlagonia and Aristarchus prince of Colchis. He also appointed Archelaus to the priesthood of the goddess worshipped at Comana, which is a royal office. as a friend of the Castor of Phanagoria was inscribed Roman territoryand money were people. Much bestowed upon others. 115. He founded cities also," in Lesser Armenia Cities Nicopolis,named after Victory; in Pontus Eupatoria, hlm""^^^ which Mithridates Eupator had built and named afterhimself,but destroyed because it had received Pompey it the Romans. rebuilt it and named Magnopolis. In Cappadocia he rebuilt Mazaca, He which had been completely ruined by the war. restored other towns in many places,that had been destroyed or damaged, in Pontus, Palestine,CoeleSyria, where he had settled the and also in Cilicia, greater part of the pirates, and where the city known as Pompeiopolis. formerly called Soli is now In the city of Talauri,which Mithridates used as a found 2000 drinkingwere storehouse of furniture, cups made of onyx welded with gold,and many cups, wine-coolers, and drinking-horns, also ornamental bridlesfor horses, and trappings couches and chairs, fortheirbreastsand shoulders, allornamented in like manner with precious stones and gold. The quantity
463

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK
ro

XII
e? ttXtjOo'^

KaTa')(^pvaa,wv /cal

Bca 77 7rapdBo(Ti"i

rpLCLKOVTa r}ixepa"^ irapereivev. koL Aapeiov tov 'TaTaaTrov, ra Se ifc

rjvra /xev eK t^? UroXe/xaicov

TrapeOero koI Ivfooi apXV'^iOf^CL KXeoTTurpa Kfo'ot? he koX i/ir avTov M^iOpiSdrr} eSeBcoKeaav ra

crvvelXeKTO, "^t\oKOL KaXov TreplKaTacTKevrjv yevojiivov. Be tov hiehcoKev 6 116. ArjyovTO"; ')(eifji(ovo"^ Ho/xTTijco^ dpiarela tw arparu), Kad^ eKacTTOv WrriKa'^, /cal TOL"i dvBpa 'X^iXla'i irevraKoaia'i dvaXoyov avrcov 'qyovfJbevoL'; yevecrOaL Kai (^acru rdXavTa javpta /cat e^aKicr'XiXLa. avrb"; S' e? BieTrXevcTev e? rrjv ^IraXlav '"E(j)e(rov Kal /cara/3df;
e?

M.i6piBdrou KareaKevaaro

koI

'V(t)fjL7]V ^pevreaiw ev TjTreLyeTO, hLa(l)el";

e?
ra

tov

orw fidXicTra w? ol/ceta' e"j) 'V w Brj/jboriKO) /cat Tou? i^eirXtj^ev. avrcp iJiaiov"; Kara /jLepo";, rrpocnovri aTr^vrcov rroppwrdrw Be iBvvavro Kad^ fiev ol veoi, rfXiKiav e^i}? ")? iraaiv e/cacrroi, Oavfid^ovaa /3ovXr] y Kal eirl ov roiv yeyovorcov ydp ttco ri"i e')(6povr7]XiKovrov o/jlov Kal /liytara eOvrj eXcov roadBe Kal rrjv 'Pw/xaicov "ipxv^ ^'^l '^ov TTpoaetXrjcfieL, l^v(f)pdrr)v u"pLK6L. 6 Be eOpid/jL^evcrev errlXa/xB6^r]";, errj e^oyv Kal rj"; ovri"; irpo rou irpordrr]^ Bvo irevre Kal rpLdKovra, eirl ec^efr;? '^^epai,";, ^Apfievia"^ Uovrov diro re rov koI rroXXoh eOveaiv, Kal Supta? oXrjf; Kal KaTTiraSoKLa^ Kal KfcXt/cta? ^YLvloxwv Kal 'A^atwi; rS)v ev Kal ^AX^avwv Kal XKvOac^ Kal ^ll3r]pLa"; ewa?. e? Kal Traprjyev tt}? XLfieva"i eirraKoaia^; vav"^ eVreXet?, e? Be fiev roij";

arparov

464

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

so of this store was great that the transfer of it chap. days. Some of these things had ^^'^ occupied thirty been inherited from Darius, the son of Hystas})es ; from the kingdom others came of the Ptolemies, having been deposited by Cleopatra at the island of Cos and given by the inhabitants to Mithridates; dates stillothers had been made or collected by Mithrihimself, as he was a lover of the beautiful in furniture as well as in other things. 116. At the end of the winter Pompey distributedb.c. 62 rewards to the army ; 1500 Attic drachmas to each the soldier and in like proportion to the officers, it is to 16,000 talents. Then whole, said, amounting lie marched to Ephesus, embarked for Italy, and hastened to Rome, having dismissed his soldiers at Brundusium to their homes, a democratic action As he which greatly surprised the Romans, by successive met approached the city he was processions, firstof youths, farthest from the city, then bands of men out as far of different ages came as they severally could walk ; last the of all came lost in wonder at his exploits,for Senate, which was had ever before vanquished so powerful an one no time brought so many great enemy, and at the same nations under subjection and extended the Roman Euphrates. to He was the rule awarded a triumph His in brilliancyany that had gone before, *'"'"'^p^ exceeding being now only thirty-five years of age. It occupied two successive days, and many nations were represented in the procession from Pontus, Armenia, Cappadocia, Cilicia and all Syria,besides Albanians, Heniochi, Achaeans of Scythia,and Eastern Iberians. Seven hundred undamaged siiijis brought into were the harbours. In the triumphal procession were two-

46s

APPIAN'S
CAP.
tov rrjv 7rofj,7r7]V

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Opcd/i/Sov ^"vy)] koI (f)ope2a '^pvaoKoa/xov itolklXov,

tov

KoX erepa (popa

TOV

kol

rrjv Aapetov

"TardaTTov Kkivr^v, tov kol OpOVOV. KOL aKrjTTTpOV aVTOV,

avTov evTrcLTopo'^ eiKOVa

KOL

OKTaiTT]-

kol yvv CLTTO aTepeov ')(^pvaiov Traprjye, eTriarj/jL dpyvpiov /jLvpidSa^; kol 7r6i'TaKocria"i e7rTaKLa')(^i\la"i Be SeKa, dfid^a^i oirXcov drreipov? to 7r\rj6o^y KOL KOL vecov
kol "fx^o\a, cot al-^/iaX 7r\rjOo"i

cov

re

ovheva /calXrjcTTcoi',
eaToXfievou^.

dW! heheixevov

e?

Ta

irdTpta

Ilo/jL7rT]Lov TrpoTjyovoaoL twv jSaatXecovrjye/iove^; rj TratSe? i) 7re7ro\"/jLr}/xivcov ovT""i ol he eV aTpaTVjyol rjaav, ol pilvaly^fjidXwTOL BehojievoL, TpiaKoatoL /idXiaTa koX elKoai ojjLrjpetav 6 TLypdi'ov"; tjv Trat? /cat Teaaape"i. evOa Syj kol 'M-iOpihuTOv, irevTe Tiypdvrji;, kol re 'A/ara^e/oi^r; Aap"LO"? koI "Bep^rjf kol KoX Y^vpo"^KOL ^O^dOprji; 6vyaTepe"; EvirdTpa. rrapr)re kol KOL ^Opad^apL"; 6 K.oX'^covaKri7rTOvy^o"^ 0\$dfcrj";, kol /cat yeTO he. ^lovhaifov ApiaTO^ov\o^, /Sacrikev^ fcal ol K.i,\lkq)v
117. AvTov
TOV

Be

Sicvdwv^acriXeioL kol r)yeyvvalKe'^, hvo, Mevav^l/37]po)v kol fjiove^ koI AXj3avo)v Tpel^
TvpavvoL, Kol
^

AaohtKev";, LTrirapxo^ tov ^hOptSdTov he ovk dcpL/co/xevcov twv yevopLevo^. irapeelK6ve"^ Tiypdvovi kol ^lidpihdTov, pLay^oiievcov (j^epovTO, MiOpihuTov he TB Koi vLKWfievcov KOL
Koi

hpu"; 6

eirlTeXei he iheix^V '^^^"^?direOavev at re irapdevoi at avvairoQavelv avTw eXotmv koi fievac 7rap"^(oypd"pr]VT0, TrpoairodavovTcov dewv re ^apKoX OvyaTep(DV Vicrav ypa^al, vlecov kol /3apiK0)v KoajioL irdTpioL. irapecpepeT elK6i""";
Koi r) aicoTTi],

t)iroXiopKLa,

kol

(f"evy6vTwv. oTe etKacTTO, r; vi)^ ecpevyev,

466

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

liorse-carriages laden with gold or with chap and litters other ornaments of various kinds, also the couch of "^^^^ Darius, the son of Hjstaspes, the throne and sceptre Mithridates Eupator himself, his image, eight of and cubits high, made of solid gold, and 75,100,000 drachmas of silver coin ; also an infinite number of wagons carrying arms and beaks of ships, and a multitude of captives and pirates, none of them but in bound, their native costumes. allarrayed 117. Before Pompey himself,at the head of the pro- Captives

the satraps, sons,and generals of thekings processiuu against whom he had fought, who were present (some having been captured and others given as to hostages) Tigranes, the the number of 324. Among them were son of Tigranes, and fivesons of Mithridates,namely, Artaphernes, Cyrus, Oxathres, Darius and Xerxes, also hisdaughters, Orsabarisand Eupatra. Olthaces, chief of the Colchians,was also led in the procession, and Aristobulus,king of the Jews, the tyrants of the Cilicians,and the female rulers of the Scythians, three chiefs of the Iberians,two of the Albanians, and Menander the Laodicean, who had been chief of cavalry to Mithridates. There were carried in the procession images of those who were not present, of Tigranes and of Mithridates, representing them as fighting,as vanquished, and as fleeing. Even the besieging of Mithridates and his silentflight by night were represented. Finally it was shown how he died, and the daughters who chose to perish with him were pictured also,and there were figuresof the sons and daughters who died before him, and images of the barbarian gods decked out in the fashionof their councession,went

467

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

Se Koi

TTLva^

iyye'ypafjiiievwv roivhe-"vr]e";edXwaav
TroXe/?

KaTTTTaSoKcbv OKTO), KiXiKcop Be Kal KOLXr/"i %vpLa"^ Yia\aL(jrivrj"^ he r] vvv XeXev/cl^;eiKoai, ^acnXel'^ 'A/QTto/c?;? ivLKi'-jOr^aav TtypdvTj";^Ap/jL"VLO";, "l^Tjp, 'AX^av6";,Aap6Lo"; M")So9, 'A/aera? 'Opoi^r]"; 'Avrtoxo'i Ko;i/xa7r;i/o9." roaavra Na^araLo"i, Bidypa/i/ia, Be 6 Uo/jlttiJl to auTo? [lev ehi'fXov dpfiaro'^ 7]v, koX rovSe XlOokoXX/jtou,yXafivha eirl Ma/ce8oi/09, rov ^AXe^dvSpov exwv, W9 (jiaaLv, et S' iartv ^lidpieoi/ce ev Tft) avrr^v evpelv iriarov Bdrov, Ka)")i/ rrapd KXeoTrax/oa? Xa^ovTcov. eXirovroBe avro) /xerd to dpfia ol (jvarparevadpLevoi TOiV r]ye\XQV(iiV, ol [xev eVt lttttcov ol Be ire^oi. TrapeXOwv S' e? to KaTTtTcoXiov ovBeva tmv ulx/^clX(OT(ov
eKTeivev

o/cTaKoaiar 'X^aXKe/n/BoXoL

iKTladrjaav

dpidpL^ov^; irapaeVepot tmv B-t)pioaloL" ybvTwv, aX"C e? ra? TraTpiBa"^ ertepi-^e Baizav^pbaai,%"i"pt9 twv ^aaCkiKow. koI tovtwv TLypdvr]"i kol ^ApiaT60ov\o"; "v6v";dv^TpeOrj, Pl6vo"; 6 pLev Bt]Opiapi^o^; ToioaBe. vGTepov. rjv KciTnra118. ^riBe pLev 'VwpLoioi HlOvvov^ kol TIovtov BoKa^ oaa re avTol'; opopa eOvrj eirXtov TOV ^acrcXea MiOpiBdT^jv ILv^eii'OV, KaToiKel Bvo eTeac pcdXiaTa KaOeX6vTe"i, reaaapdKOVTa Be avTW VTrrjKoa elvai. rw vTrrjydyovTO acptcnv KaTrjKoa pujiro) crc^iat TToXepLO) Kal KiXf/cta? Ta koi kolXtjv KoX ^vpla^ TYjv re ^oivlkiiv kol TlaXaLaTLvr]v Kal tyjv 69 to p^eaoyeiov eirl MiOpLBdTy tu" iTOTapiOV Kv(f)pdTrjv, ovBei' eTi
to?

vlk^i^ TTpocreXa^ov, pvpLrj T?}crSe Trj"i "TrpoarJKOVTa, Be vaTepov tol"; T0t9 piev avTLKa Kal (f)6pov"; VaXaTiav Te Kal cTa^av. lIa(l)XayovLavKal

468

THE
tries. Moreover,
"

MITHRIDATIC
a

WARS

tablet was carried along with this chap. ^"^^^ Ships with brazen beaks captured, 800 ; : inscription ^^^ citiesfounded in Cappadocia, 8 ; in Cilicia and Coele- on^his^' tablet Syria,20 ; in Palestinethe one which is now Seleucis. Kings conquered : Tigranes the Armenian, Artoces the Iberian,Oroezes the Albanian, Darius the Mede, Aretas the Nabataean, Antiochus of Commagene." These were the facts recorded on the inscription. Pompey himself was borne in a chariotstudded with gems, wearing, it is said,a cloak of Alexander the Great, if anyone can believe that. It seems to have been found among the possessions of Mithridates that the inhabitants of Cos had received from Cleopatra. His chariotwas followed by the officers on who had shared the campaigns with him, some horseback and others on foot. When he arrivedat the Capitol he did not put any of the prisoners to death,as had been the custom of other triumphs, but sent them all home at the public expense, except the kings. Of these Aristobulus alone was at once later. Such put to death and Tigranes somewhat was the characterof Pompey's triumph. 118. Thus the Romans, having conquered King New

Mithridates at the end of about forty-two years, ^^^^J^t the Roman to Bithynia, Cappadocia, the reduced and subjection *^*^ other neighbouring peoples dwelling near the Euxine In the same war sea. that part of Cilicia which was to them, together with the Syrian not yet subject countries, Phoenicia,Coele-Syria,Palestine, and the country inland as far as the Euphrates, although were they did not belong to Mithridates, gained by him and were the impetus of the victory over some immediately and others required to pay tribute, later. Paphlagonia, Galatia,Phrygia, and the ad469

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

XII

^pvylav Kol rrjv ojnopov rr} ^pvyla Muaiav, ^Iwviav /cal Kaplav kol Kul iirlTolaBe AvKav
KOL
oaa

aXXa
kol

Acrta?
ryp

r?}?irepl

to

Uepya-

fjLov

iari,

MaKcSoviav, ovttco dveXdfSovTO' koI rol"iTroXXot? avTCOv, a"^iSt^ ovcriv, aiv vTToreXecnp eireOrjKav (f)6pov"i.a SoKOVaL TOvSe top flOL KoX pLaXlCTTa 7r6\"fjLOV avrw rrjv eir vlkt^v /xeydXtjv fieyav, kol TjyeLo-OaL fieyav KaXelv, fcal top ar paTriyi-jaavTa Uo/xTTTjiov eOvo)v re fiixpt yyv eTTOvo/id^etp, rfiISla "^(Dvfj kol mv "r6Ka dveXa^ov rj irpoaeXa^ov, 7rXr]6ov"; yevofievov, ix7]Kou";, T"aaapaKovTaeTov"; ')(^p6vov MiOpiSuTOV Kol avTOv ToXjiT)^ T" (jyepeiTOVi 119. w vrje"i Suvarov e? diravra 6(^6evro"^,

kol ap')(aiav 'EWa^a MiOpL^drov TrepLaTrdaavrof;o^eco^;

acptcnv
OLKeiai

fxev rjdav
t7r7ret9

iroXXaKL^;
ore
CLKoat

vrXetoL'? rerpaKoaicop,
kol

ttc^mv Kal Kal ^eXr) /cal/jL')])(^aval fivpid8e"; he (BacrCXel'^ Xoyov, Kara Kal hvvdarai (Tvvefjbdxovv
irevre

3'

eariv

TrevraKLa/nvpLOC

Yiovrov, 6 re ^Ap/xevio^ real^kvOmv tmv rov irepl iiTLre MaiooriSa Xifiv7]v Kal drr eKeivr]^ errlrov ^oairopov %pdKiov tou? irepiirXeovri. e? re *Tco/j,ai(ov Bvvarov";, rore dXXijXoL^; aracridl^ovra^ dvi(jrdvTa"; iirl'Pcoyuatou?, fidXtara Kal ^l^rjpiav
TrepLeTre/jLTre, Kal KeXrot?
ttXt] rrjv OdXaaaav

ea^aXwv rfjBe

"";

rrjv

^\raXiav,Xyarcov
aTro

eriOero co? Kal (fyiXlav

re

iveTTL/JL-

eVt (jrrjXa"i 'HpaKXeLOU^;,o'lirdvra dpuKra Kal drrXwra ral"; Xljxov i'm'TTOVov Kai iroXeaLV e? aXXt^Xov^? eTroiovv, i^"(pydaavro irXelarov. oA-w? re ovSev dvhpi errl Bvvarov co? rj irpdrrcovi)Siavoou/jievo^, e^eXLTrev
470

KcXiKLa^

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

of Mysia, and in addition Lydia, chap. Caria, Ionia, and all the rest of Asia Minor in ^^^^ the neighbourhood of Pergamus, together with old Greece and Macedonia, of which Mithridates had deprived them, were quickly recovered. Most tribute of these people, who did not pay them before,were now to it. For these reasons subjected especiallyI think they considered this a great war and called the victory which ended it the Great Victory and gave the title of Great (inLatin Magnus 1) to Pompey who gained it for them (by ; on which appellation he is called to this day) account of the great number of nations recovered or added to their dominion, the length of time had lasted,and the that the war (forty years) had courage and endurance of Mithridates, who shown himself capable of meeting allemergencies. 119. Many times he had over 400 ships of his own. The occasions as many as 50,000 cavalry, and on some and ^^*"^""* in 250,000 infantry, with engines and missiles propor- Mithridates he had the king of Armenia and the tion. For allies princes of the Scythian tribes round the Euxine and the sea of Azov and beyond, as far as the Thracian Bosporus. He held communications with the leaders then fiercely of the Roman civilwars, which were raging,and with those who were incitinginsurrection in Spain. He establishedfriendlyrelations with the Gauls for the purpose of invading Italyby that route to the Pillars also. From Cilicia of Hercules he filled the sea with pirates, who stopped all commerce and between famine severe citiesand caused navigation for a long time. In short,he left nothing within the power of man undone or unplanned in starting the

joining country

See note

on

p. 477.

471

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN
to

HISTORY,
Kivtifia

BOOK

XII

ixe'yiarov Sr] roBe

i^

duaro\t]"i cttI

BvcTLv ivo)(Xf]aaL Trdcnv w? eTro? elirelv, y"v6/jL"uov rj 7roXe/iiovfjL"voL"i rj \r]aT"vofievoi"^ y)avfjL/jLa)(ov(nv el? ovTO"i ttoXc/ao? /cal rj"yeiTOV"vov(Tiv. rocrocrBe iroiKiXo'^ iyevero. kuI e? ra fidXiara \rj"y(i)v (Tvvi'jveyKe 'FayfiaLOi';' wptcravTO yap irrl rwBe rrjv inl irorafiov Ev^yOaTT;^. 7]y"/j,0PLav i/c Bvcr6(o"; BteXelv8' avra Kara ofiov re irpaeOvo'^ovk rjv, Be kol a Kol a\X7]\oi"i avarreirXeyixeva. ')(6evTa
o)?

eBvvaro

avTcov

Kara K"X(opicrOaL,

peprj

re-

ra/CTUL.

120. ^apvaKTjf; S' eiroXiopKei ^t"avayopea"; kcu

TO,

^avayoirepioiKarod ^oairopov, fiexpt-twi/ pewv Bia \ipov e? pdxv^ irpoeXdovTOiv eKparei rrj ovBev, dXkd (f)LX.ov"i iroirjcrdP'dxV' '^^^ (3\dy^a"^ p,6P0";KOL Xa^oivop^ripa, dpexdip^i" p^er ov ttoXv Be Kol '^tvcoTrriv elXe Kal ^Ap^iabv iv6vpi^6p,evo

K.a\oviP(p arpaTTjyovPTC eTroXepir^aev, (h xpov(i" no/x7r?;t09Kol Kacaap e? aA,/V";A.ou? jjcrav, ew? "AcravBpof; ov avTov a^oXaex^po'i iBio";/P(opaLO)i" Waia^. ^ovTOiv, eTToXepijae Be Kal t?}? e^rfXaae Katcrapfc KaOeXovn eiravLovrL avTW YlopTrtjtov, ^kotlov 6po"i, dir AlyvTTTOv,irepl to evOa 6 iraTrjp Tpidpiov eKeKpaTtjKei'Vwpaicov tmv avTOV dp,(f)l
KOL

liTTrevcriv e? ;;)^/Xtof9 r)TTr]6el"^ e^evye avv dcrxoXia^ ov KaLo-apo"i S' avTov utt' SivcoTrrjv. AopLTiop, dXX^ avTW BLd}^avT0";, eiriTrep-y^avro^; irapaBov^i tt)V XivtoTryv Aop,iTL(p viroarrovBo^ iTnrecop. kol XirTrovi tou? d^elOrf p,"Ta rdv
Kal

472

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

extending from the east chap. greatest possible movement, ^^^^ to the west, so as to trouble practically the whole tangled in attacked in war, world, which was alliances, harassed by pirates, or affected by the nearness of the warfare. Such and so diversified was this one war ; but in the end it brought the greatest gains to the Romans, for it pushed the boundaries of their dominion from the setting of the It has been impossible to the river Euphrates. sun to distinguish these exploitsby nations, since they all time and were comwere performed at the same plicated however, with each other. Those, which I have be by itself. separated arranged each could 120. Pharnaces besieged the Phanagoreans and Careei of ^'^'""^'^^^ the towns round the Bosporus until the former were out and fight, compelled by hunger to come when he overcame no them in battle; yet he did them hai-m, but made friends with them, took hostages, and withdrew. Not long afterwards he took Sinope, and had a mind to take Amisus also, for which he made war reason against Calvinus, the Roman commander, at the time when Pompey and Caesar were contending against each other, until Asander, drove him out of Asia, while an enemy of his own, the Romans were still preoccupied. Afterwards he fought with Caesar himself (whenthe latter had overthrown Pompey and was returning from Egypt), Mount Scotius, near where his father had defeated beaten and the Romans under Triarius. He was fled to Sinope with 1000 cavalry. Caesar was too busy to follow him, but sent Domitius against him. He surrendered Sinope to Domitius, who agreed to let him go away with his cavalry. He were killed his horses, though his men extremely

473

APPIAN'S
CAP. "KT"Lve

ROMAN

HISTORY,
twv

BOOK
LTTirewr,

XII

TToWa
69 rov

hvavepaLVovTwv
ViovTOv

vavaX

6 eTTtpa?
KCLiraLov

Tiva"i ecpvye, /cat cruvayayoov SeoSocriavKal HavrtKaX ^avpofiaroiv

2,kvumv

direOave, TrevrriKovTovrrjt; wv koX /SaacTpayOel'i Xevaa"; Boairopov ereaLv. irevTeKaiheKa 121. *nBe p,ev Srj koX ^apva/crj^; t?}? e^eirecre

KareXa^ev. eirLOefjievov avOi"i avrw ^AadvSpov, ol /aev tTTTret? airopia re Kara to e'XJdo"^ 'iTTTTcov Be eviKOivro, avrb"^ fcaldfiaOia Tre^oyua^/ct? 6 ^apvaKT]^ /jlovo^ '^^'^^~ KaXoi^, p-^XP'' rjycovi^eTO

dpx^*;, Koi

avTov

Tr)P

Faio? /SaaiXelav

p.ev Kataap

e8(OK6 MiOpLSdrrj TU) Uepyap^TjvM aup.p.axw^^'^^ S' elalv oIk"lol, ev AlyviTTM' vvv ol 7rpo6v/jLO)"; HovTOV 8e fcal 'Biduvia'; cltto rt? irep.ireTaL tt}? 8* rov vtto ra ^ovXrj"; eT'))aLO"^ erepoi"; aTpaTy]yo"^ nofiTTTjiovhehopceva 6 p.ev Fato?, iTnp.ep.-yjrdp
(jvvep^dxpvv, K.op^dvoi"i 0/1.0)9 irXyp t7}9 iep(oavvr]";, eV e(f)vXa^", 'Apx^Xdov diro f}v "9 AvKop.y'jhi^v p,err]veyK"v ocra irdvTa he ov iroXv varepov, /cat rdSe kol MdpK0"; ^Avtcovlo^; Tdw"i Kalaap i) e%efi^erepoL^ iheScoKeaav,e? aTpariiyLa"^ "Pco/iaLcov TrepcTjXOev, Kaiaapo'^ diro rou AlyvirTov, "Ze^aarou eX6vT0";
'Pco/iaioyv en 69 "Kdcrrov"i oXlyrjf; irpof^dcreco'^ Beofievoyv. 66 ev avTol"^ eirl rwSe t?59i]yep.ovia"; M.i6pLSaTeL0) rov Tw 69 re 'TToXe/ifp TrpoeXOovcrr)^; Tlovrov
rov Kai Kv^eivov

Tot?

")(oycnv OTL

Ylop^TTrjLw KaO^

avTov

ri-jv irpo eirl yfrdp^p^ov diro Alyv'iTrovkuI 69 irorap^ov ^v(f)pd.T')]v l^7]pu"v rwv et/coTCi)9 i] re vUr] irapd (7r7jXai"i'Y{paK.XeioL";,

474

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS
chap. ^^^^

dissatisfiedat tliis^ then took ship and fled to the Bos})orus.^ Here he collected a force of Scythians and Sarniatians and captured Theodosia and Panticapaeum.

His enemy, Asander, attacked him defeated for want of horses, were again, and his men and because they were not accustomed to fightingon foot. Pharnaces alone fought valiantly until he died of his wounds, being then fiftyyears of age and having been king of Bosporus fifteenyears. Later 121. Thus Pharnaces was cut offfrom his kingdom pon"ue and Caesar bestowed itupon Mithridates of Pergamus, who had rendered him very important help in Egypt. But the people of Bosporus are now a part of tlie a praetor is sent by the Senate Roman empire, and yearly to govern Pontus and Bithynia. Although Caesar was offended with the other rulers who held their possessionsas giftsfrom Pompey, since they had aided Pompey against him, nevertheless he confirmed their titles, except the priesthood of Comana which he took from Archelaus and gave to Lycomedes. Not long after, all these countries, and those which Gaius Caesar or Mark Antony had given to others, Roman were provinces by Augustus Caesar, made after he had taken Egypt, as the Romans needed Thus, since only the slightestpretext in each case. their dominion had been advanced, in consequence of the Mithridatic war, from Spain and the Pillarsof Hercules to the Euxine sea, and the sands which border Egypt, and the river Euphrates, it was fitting that thisvictoryshould be called the great one, and
The text says, "to
at Sinope, was

"^

suggests

"

the Euxine," but Pharnaces, being already at the Euxine. So Schweighauser to the Bosporus."

475

APPIAN'S
CAP.

ROMAN

HISTORY,

BOOK

Xll

fjbeydXr] kol

/leya^; crTpaTr]yrjaa"i Ilo/jL7n]LO(;

oar] fieXP^ eKkrjOri. exovcn 8' avTOL"i kol Al^vt]v, Attlcov ^aaCKev^ }s.vp7]vr}(i (K.vp7]V7]V "yap avrrjv iv hiaOi'jKai^ rod AayihMV yevov^ v60o"; aireXiiTev) dakdaar)^ en AtYUTTTO? e? irepiohov rrj^ evTO"^

eXeLTrev.

476

THE

MITHRIDATIC

WARS

that Pompey, who accompanied the army, should be chap ^^^' styled the Great.^ As they held Africa also as far Apion, the king of that country, a Cyrene (for as bastard of the house of the Lagidae, left Cyrene Egypt alone was in his itself to the Romans will), lacking to complete the whole circuit of the Mediterranean.
The titleof Great was bestowed This is an anachronism. by in Sulla, Fompey consequence of his victory over upon the Marian faction in Africa, in the year 81 B.C.
1

477

Printed Richard

in

Great
and

Britain
company,

by

Clat
Bungay,

Ltd.

Suffolk.

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Cobbespondence.
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and

C. R.
3 Vols.

Haines.

Gellius,
Hobace:

Epodes.

C. E. Bennett.
Abs Poetica.

HoBACE: Jerome:
Juvenal

Satires,

Epistles, Lettebs.

H.

R. Fairclough.

Selected
and

F. A. Wright.

Pebsius.
F. M.

G. G. Ramsay.
T. Sage, and A. Evan G. Moore, 14 Vols. Geer (General Index).

B. O. Foster, LiVY. Schlesinger and R. J. D. Duff. Lucan.

Lucbetius. Mabtial.
W.

C.

W.

H.

D.

Rouse.
2 Vols.

C. a.

Ker.

Latin Minor Namatianus, Nemesianus, " Phoenix."

Syrus Publilius Poets: from to Calpurnius including Grattius, " Aetna Avianus, others with and M. Duff. J. Wight Duff and Arnold
Art
of

Rutilius Siculus,
"

and

the

Ovid:

The

Love

and

Other 2

Poems,

J. H.

Mozley.

Ovid Ovid
Ovid:

Fasti.

Sir James

G.

Frazer. Grant

Heroides

and Metamorphoses. Tristia and Ex Cf. Juvenal.

M. D. Rouse.

Amores.

Showerman.
2 Vols.

F.J.Miller.
Ponto. A.

Ovid:
Persius.

L. Wheeler.

Petronius. W.

Heseltine;
Nixon.
5 Vols.

Seneca;

Apocolocyntosis.

H.

Plautus.

Paul

Melmoth's Pliny: Letters. 2 Vols. Hutchinson.

Translation H. IX.

revised W.

by

VV. M.

L.

Pliny:

Natural

10 Vols. VII. W.

History. Vols. I.-V. and H. S. Jones. H. H, H. Old

E. Butler.

Rackhara and H. Rackham.

H. S. Jones. Vols. VI. and

Propertius. Prudentius.

J. Thomson.
E. Butler.
Latin.

2 Vols.
4 Vols.

Quintilian.
Remains
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E. H.

(Ennius
Pacuvius,

and

Tables.)
Sallust.

Caecilius.) (Livius, Naevius, XII Vol. III. of Accius.) (Lucilius and Laws (Archaic Inscriptions.)
Augustae. D. Magie.
3 Vols.

Warmington. Vol. II.

4 Vols.

Vol.

J. C. Rolfe.

Scriptores Seneca: Seneca: Seneca: Seneca: Sidonius: Sixius

Statius. Suetonius.

Historiae
Apocolocyntosis. Epistulae

Cf. Petronius.
R.

Morales.

M.

Gummere.
3 Vols.

3 Vols.

Moral

Essays.

J. W.

Basore.

Tragedies. Poems

F. J. Miller.

2 Vols. 2 Vols.

Italicus.

B. Anderson. W. and Letters. J. D. Duff. 2 Vols. Mozley.

2 Vols. 2 Vols.

J. H.

J. C. Rolfe.

Dialogues. Tacitus: Maurice Germania.

Sir Win. Hutton. Annals.

Peterson. C. H. Moore

Agkicola

and

Tacitus : Histories 4 Vols.

Terence. Tertullian: MiNUCius

and

and

J. Jackson.

John

Sargeaunt.

2 Vols.

Spectaculis. Apologia and De Felix. G. H. Rendall. Flaccus.

T.

R.

Glover.

Valerius
Varro: Velleius

J. H.
Latina.

Mozley.
R. Res

De

Lingua

G. Kent.
Divi

2 Vols.

Paterculus H.

and

Gestae

Augusti.

F. W.

Shipley.
Virgil.

R. Fairclough.
De

2 Vols.

ViTRUvius:

Architectura.

F. Granger.

2 Vols.

Greek
Achilles
Aeltan: Vols.
Aeneas

Authors

Tatius.
On
the

S. Gaselee.
Nature
of

Animals.

A.

F.

Scholfield. The

Tacticus,

Asclepiodotus

and

Onasander.

Illinois (ji-eek Club.

Aeschines. Aeschylus.
Alciphron,

C. D. H.

Adams. Smyth. Philostratus Cf. Minor 2 Vols.

:

Weir

Aelian,

Letters.

A.

R.

Benner

and Andocides,

F. H.

Fobes. Antiphon,
Attic

Orators.
2 Vols.

Apollodorus. Apollonius

Sir James Rhodius. Fathers. R.

G. Frazer. C. Soaton.
Kirsopp Horace

The

Apostolic Roman

Lake.

2 Vols. 4 Vols.

Appian:
Aratus.

History.

White.

Cf. Callimachus.

Aristophanes.
trans.

Benjamin
Art
of

Bickrey

Rogers. Freose.

Vols.

Verse

Aristotle: Aristotle:
Vices
and

Rhetoric.
H.
of

J. H.

Athenian Virtues.

Constitution,
Rackham. Animals.
H.

Eudemian A. L. Peck.
2 Vols.

Ethics,

Aristotle: Aristotle: Aristotle: Aristotle: Things

Generation
Metaphysics.

Tredennick.
D. P. Lee.

Meterologica.
Heard,

H.

Minor W^orks. W. S. Hett. On Colours, On On Physiognomies, On Plants, On Marvellous Mechanical Things Heard, Problems, On Indivisible Lines, On Situations and Names Winds, On Melissus, Xonophanes, of Gorgias. and
Nicomachean

Aristotle:

Ethics.

H.

Rackham.

Aristotle:
Aristotle: Aristotle W.

Magna Moralia. Oeconomica and Vol. II.). (with Metaphysics,

G.

strong; C. Arm-

On
:

the the

Heavens. Soul. Parva

W.

K.

C. Guthrie. On
Breath. Prior Tredennick

On

Naturalia.

S. Hett. Categories, H. P. Cooke

Aristotle: Analytics.

On
H.

Interpretation, Tredennick. Topics. H.

Aristotle: Posterior E. Forster. S. and

Aristotle:

and Analytics,

On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming to be and Passing Away, On Forster J. Furley. and D.

Parts
of

the Cosmos. Motion

E. S.

Aristotle:

Progression

Animals. of Animals. E.
4

A. L. Peek; S. Forster.

and

Aristotle: 2 Vols.
Abistotle: Demetkius Akistotle: Aristotle:
Aristotle:

Physics. Poetics
on

Rev.

P. Wicksteed
Longinus.

and

F. M. Hamilton

Cornford. Fyfe;

and
W.

Style.

Rliys

W. Roberts.

Politics. Problems.
Rhetorica H. Rackham.
of

H.
W.

Rackham. S. Hett.
Alexandrum 2 Vols.

Ad

(with
Indica.

Problems.

Vol.

II.)

Abbian: Robson.
Athenaeus:

History 2 Vols.

Alexander

and
C. B.

Rev.

E.

Iliffe

Deipnosophistae.

Gulick.
4

7 Vols.

St. Basil: Callimachus:

Letters.

R.

J. Deferrari.

V^ols.

Fragments.

C. A. Trypanis.
and Lycophron.

Hymns Callimachus, and Epigrams, Mair; Abatus. G. R. Maib. Clement COLLUTHUS. of Alexandria. Rev.

A. W.

G. W.

Butterworth.

Cf. OpPIAN.
and

Daphnis J. M.

Chloe.

Edmonds; I.: I.-XVII. II.:

Demosthenes
TIONS.

and Olynthiacs, XX. AND De J. H.

Thornley's Parthenius.

Translation S. Gaselec.

revised
Minor

by Oba-

Philippics J. H. Vince. and De

and Falsa

Demosthenes C. A. Vince

Corona
Vince.

Legatione.

Demosthenes
Timocrates

and Meidias, III.: and Abistogeiton, Private

Androtion, I. and II. Orations

Aristocbates, J. H. Vince. and In

Neaeram.

IV Demosthenes .-VI.: A. T. Murray.

Demosthenes

VII.

and Letters. Roman Dio Cassius :

Dio

Funeral N. W. and
:

Erotic Speech, X. J. DeWitt. E.

Essay%

Exordia

History.

Gary.

9 Vols.

Chry'sostom.

J. W.

Cohoon

12 Vols. SicuLUS. DiODORUS C. L. Sherman. Vol, VII. F. Walton. Vol. XI.

and H. Lamar Vols. I.-VI. Vols. IX. and

2 Vols.

Crosby.

5 Vols.

C. H. Oldfather. R. M. Geer. X.

Diogenes
DiONYsrus
man's

Laeritius.
OP

R. D. Hicks.
:

Halicarnassus W. A.

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Epictetus. Euripides.

revised by a. Oldfather.

Roman E. Gary.
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Antiquities. 7 Vols.

Spel-

S. Way.

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Ecclesiastical EusEBius: 2 Vols. J. E. L. Oulton.

History. Faculties. W. R. with

5

Kirsopp

Lake

and

Galen:
The

On

the

Natural

A. J. Brock.
5 Vols.

Greek

Anthology.
and

Paton. the

Elegy Gbeek Edmonds.

Iambus

Anacreontea.

J. M.

2 Vols.

The Gkeek Bucolic J. M. Edmonds.

Poets
Works.

(Theocritus,
Ivor
:

Bion,

Moschus).

Greek
Herodes.

Mathematical

Thomas.

2 Vols.

Cf

Theophrastus

Characters.

Herodotus. Hesiod
and

A. D.

Godley.

4 Vols.

The

Homeric

Hymns.
of

H.
4 Vols.

G. Evelyn

White. W. H.

Hippocrates Jones and

and the Fragments E. T. Withington.

Heracleitus.

S.

Homer:
Homer:
IsAEUS.

Iliad.

A. T. Murray.
A. T. Murray.

2 Vols.

Odyssey.
E. W.

2 Vols.

Forster. Norlin and LaRue Barlaam and Mattingly. and Van Hook. 3 Vols. Rev. G. R.

IsocRATES. St. John Woodward

George

Damascene: and Harold

Ioasaph. Ralph

H. JosEPHUS. Vols. I.-VII. Julian.

St. J. Thackeray Cave Vols.

Wright. I.-V.

Marcus.

9 Vols.

Wilmer

3 Vols.

8 Vols. LuciAN. Kilburn.

A.

M.

Harmon.

Vol. VI.

K.

Lycophron.
Lyra Lysias.
Manetho. Robbins.

Cf. Callimachus. J. M.
R. W. M. Edmonds.
3 Vols.

Graeca.
W.

Lamb. Ptolemy: Haines. Tetrabiblos.

G. Waddell:
C. R.

F. E.

Marcus

Aurelius.

Menander.

F. G. Allinson. Andocides, Lycurgus, (Antiphon, K. J. Maidment Hypereides). and

W.

Minor Orators Attic Dinarchus, Demades, 2 Vols. J. O. Burrt. Nonnos:

Oppian,

Dionysiaca. Colluthus, Non

2

H.

D. Rouse. a. W.

3 Vols.

Tryphiodorus.

Mair. and C. C. D. L.

Papyri. Edgar. Page.

Selections. A. -Literary Selections Vols. Literary

S. Hunt

(Poetry).

Parthenius. Pausanias: Vols, and

Cf. Daphnis

and

Chloe. H. W. S. Jones. R. E. Wycherley. and Rev.

4

Greece. Description of by Vol. arranged Companion

F. H. Colson Vols. I.-V.; Philo. 10 Vols. F. H. Colson. Vols. VI.-IX.; Whitaker.

G. H.
Ralph F. C.
A.

Philo: two Marcus. Philostratus Conybeare. Philostratus: Fairbanks.

supplementary

Vols.

(Translation only.)
of

The
2 Vols.

Life

of

Apollonius

Tyana.

Imagines;

Calllstratus

Descriptions.

PHiLOSTRATUsandEuNAPius: Cave Wright.

Pindar.
Plato:

Lives

OF

THE

Sophists.

Wilmer

Sir J. E. Sandys.
Alcibiades, and Epinomis.

Chabmides, Minos Theages,

Hipparchus, W, R. M.

The Lamb.
Hippias,

Lovers, Lesser

Pabmenides, Plato: Cratylus, H. N. Fowler. HiPPiAS. Plato: H. N. Euthyphro, Fowler. Laches, Laws. Lysis,
:

Greater Crito, Meno,

Apology,

Phaedo,

Phaedrus. W. R. M.

Plato: Lamb.
Plato:

Protagoras, Rev.

Euthydemus,
2 Vols.

R. G. Bury.

Plato:
Plato

Symposium, Paul

Gorgias.
Shorey.

W.
2 Vols.

R.

M.

Lamb.

Republic.

Plato: Lamb. Plato

Plato: Rev.
:

Statesman,
Theaetetus Timaeus, R. G. Bury.

Philebus.

H.N.

Fowler; H. N.

Ion.

W.

R. M.

and Sophist. Critias, Clitopho,

Fowler. Epistulae.

Menexenus,

F. C. Babbitt. Vols. I.-V. 15 Vols. Moralia. Plutarch: P. H. De Lacy Vol. VII. Vol. VI. W. C. Holmbold. and E. Jr., F. H. Sandbach, Minar, L. IX. B. Einarson. Vol. Vol. XII. H. H. N. Fowler. Vol. X. W. C. Helmbold. VV. C. Helmbold. Cherniss and

Plutarch: PoLYBius. Procopius

Ptolemy:
:

The

Parallel R. Paton.
of
the

Lives.
6 Vols.

B. Perrin.

11 Vols.

W.

History

Wars. Cf. Manetho.

H.

B. Dewing.

7 Vols.

Tetrabiblos.

QuiNTUS
Sextus Sophocles. Stbabo
:

Smyrnaeus.
Empiricus.

a. S. Way.
Rev. R.

Verse

trans.

G. Bury. Verse

4 Vols.
trans.

F. Storr.

2 Vols.

Geography.
:

Horace

L. Jones. J.

8 Vols.

Theophrastus
etc.

Characters.
Enquiry

M.

Edmonds.

Herodes, Arthur

A.

D.

Knox.
into

Theophrastus:
Bart. Thucydides. 2 Vols.

Plants.

Sir

Hort,

C. F. Smith. Cf. QPPIAN.

4 Vols.

TrYPHIODORUS. Xenophon:

Cyropaedia.

Walter

Miller.

2 Vols.

Anabasis, Apology, Hellenica, Xenophon : and Symposium. 3 O. J. Vols. C. L. Brownson Todd. and E. C. Marchant. Xenophon : Memorabilia and Oeconomicus. Minora. E. C. Marchant. Scripta Xenophon :

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