ACTING

Written Report
GEDUCOS, Argyll Cyrus B. ALUAD, Babe Ruth FAJARDO, Rudolph Riddick GALANG, Kaya Xenia SADONGDONG, Martin PLM BMC III-3 Submitted to: Dean Ludmila Labagnoy

DEFINITION OF ACTING
Acting is an ephemeral art: once the performance is over, there is nothing left but the memory of it. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, defined acting as the right management of the voice to express various emotions Behaving believably under fictional circumstances. Acting is the portrayal of a character by an actor in a film. Good acting = behavior that is believable and tells the best possible story while serving the script. Good acting begins with an understanding of the play and the ability to make acting choices that serve that understanding.

HISTORY OF ACTING
As we talk about acting history, the art of acting has evolved in many ways over its lifetime and continues to evolve to this day. Acting first originated in Greece in the 6th century BC with the Greek tragic actor Thespis being widely regarded as the founder of the profession. This is why, to this day, actors are often referred to as thespians. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, defined acting as 'the right management of the voice to express various emotions ' and declared it to be a natural talent that was innate and could not be taught. There are a few ancient Greek plays by Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles that survived all acting history and are still performed in the theatres.

The subtlety of modern day theatre was not possible in early Greek theatre due to the large outdoor theatres in which the plays were performed. Elaborate costumes were worn often consisting of largely padded clothes and artificial phalluses. During the Christian rule of Rome, acting began to decline as an art and liturgical drama began to be performed throughout the middle Ages. The tradition was kept alive by jugglers, acrobats and mimes who entertained crowds at town fairs and the gesture and intonation of actors began to be mastered through religious drama performed in church.

Then the acting history takes an enormous jump to the 16th century, where modern professional acting began to emerge through Italian comedy

William Shakespeare is perhaps the most proficient of this particular style of playwright and certainly the best known. Many professional actors during the Restoration period were famed for their natural talent and style but it was not until the 18th century that acting was considered a serious profession rather than an amateurish pursuit. In the mid-18th century, Charles Macklin and his pupil David Garrick began to introduce a new, naturalistic, style of acting and new movements began to take place across Europe. As acting history evolves, the old, declamatory, style of acting did not die out completely until the beginning of the 20th century with many popular actors of this time seeming overly histrionic to many modern audiences. With the changing times, tastes and cultures came a move away from the bombastic and intense acting styles of past (with standards set by the Meiningen Players in 1874) and the emergence of a new, naturalistic style of acting whereby the actor strives for absolute psychological identification with thecharacter he is playing the Stanislavski method introduced by Russian director Konstantin Stanislavski. This method was adopted by the Group Theatre and later by Lee Strasberg producing a generation of talented naturalistic actors such as Marlon Brando. The introduction of motion picture and television entertainment began to offer a wealth of opportunities and associated stardom to aspiring actors and actresses and began to change the art of acting forever. In the early 20th century, the Academy Awards were launched and the profession of acting finally began to be properly recognised as an admirable and authentic professional pursuit.

IMPORTANT TERMS
PORTRAYAL
The portrayal of Native Americans in film has been fed by stereotypes, which has raised allegations of racism. Traditionally, the Native American archetype has been that of a violent, uncivilized villain, juxtaposed next to the archetypal hero: the virtuous, white Anglo-Saxon settler. However, a growing number of pictures in the latter half of the Twentieth century and beyond have portrayed indigenous in a more historically accurate light.

PERFORMANCE
A performance, in performing arts generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers behave in a particular way for another group of people, the audience. Examples: 1.) Choral music- Choral music refers to music which is sung by a choir. Each musical part is sung by two or more voices. 2.) Ballet- often a type of imaginary story. The story is told with the help of dance and mime. The creation of dance Examples of performance genres include:

A.) Musical Genres:

Concert- live performance (typically of music, although comedians, politicians, etc. may also appear live) before an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band. Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs, dedicated concert halls, entertainment centres and parks to large multipurpose buildings, and even sports stadiums. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called "arena concerts" or "amphitheatre concerts". Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment. Before recorded music, concerts would provide the only opportunity one would generally have to hear musicians play. Informal names for a concert include "show" and "gig".

Types of Concert:
Theatrical- Some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. In order to create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, the artist will frequently include additional entertainment devices within their concerts. These tend to include elaborate stage lighting; an image magnification (IMAG) system and/or pre-recorded video;

inflatables, artwork or other set pieces; various special effects such as theatrical smoke and fog and pyrotechnics; and unusual costumes or wardrobe. Festivals- Concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which typically remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music and arts. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors. Concert Tour- A concert tour is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities or locations. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist and associate a specific tour with a particular album or product (for example: Michael Jackson's Bad tour). Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars (or the equivalent) in ticket revenues. Revenue- While admission to some concerts is free; it is common practice to charge money for concerts by selling admission tickets. Historically, concerts were the primary source of revenue for musicians. Revenue from ticket sales typically goes to the performing artists, producers, venue, organizers and the brokers. In the case of benefit concerts, a portion of profits will often go towards a charitable organization.

B.) Recital1. The act of reading or reciting in a public performance. 2. A very detailed account or report of something; a narration. 3. A public performance of music or dance, especially by a solo performer. C.)

music competition- is a public event designed to identify and award

outstanding musical ensembles, soloists and musicologists. Pop music competitions are music competitions which are held to find pop starlets.

D.) theatrical genres: Comedy Comedy has no precise definition and its boundaries are broad. Generally it is a play about ordinary people, written in a style that is amusing, or at least agreeable, and has a happy ending. Tragedy

A tragedy is a play that recounts the ordeals and death of a person of high rank (a king, a great general, a mythological hero) who confronts a situation from which there is absolutely no

escape, often because he or she has made some serious transgression. These situations go beyond personal suffering and often involve the fate of an entire people. Drama

A composition in verse or prose intended to portray life of character or to tell a story usually involving conflicts and emotions through action and dialogue and typically designed for theatrical performance. Also, it is a movie or television production with characteristics of a serious play.

ROLE
A role is a way to define certain patterns and processes that exist across nodes in an organization as belonging to a single job function. Each role consists of zero (or more) attributes and a run list. Each node can have zero (or more) roles assigned to it. When a role is run against a node, the configuration details of that node are compared against the attributes of the role, and then the contents of that roles run list are applied to the nodes configuration details.

ROLE ATTRIBUTES
An attribute can be defined in a role and then used to override the default settings on a node.

CHARACTER
A character is a person in a narrative work of arts (such as a novel, play, television show/series, or film). Derived from the ancient Greek word kharaktr. Particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves "the illusion of being a human person." In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes. Since the end of the 18th century, the phrase "in character" has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor. Since the 19th century, the art of creating characters, as practised by actors or writers, has been called characterization. A character that stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type. Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised.

Two types of Characters:

1.) Flat character- is a minor character in a work of fiction that does not undergo substantial change or growth in the course of a story. Also referred to as "two-dimensional characters" or "static characters," flat characters play a supporting role to the main character, which as a rule should be round. 2.) Round Character- is a major character in a work of fiction that encounters conflict and is changed by it. Round characters tend to be more fully developed and described than flat, or static, characters

CHARACTERIZED
1. Characterization or characterisation is the art of creating characters for a narrative. It is a literary element and may be employed in dramatic works of art or everyday conversation. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, or thoughts. There are two ways an author can convey information about a character: Direct or explicit characterization The author literally tells the audience what a character is like. This may be done via the narrator, another character or by the character him- or herself. Indirect or implicit characterization The audience must infer for themselves what the character is like through the characters thoughts, actions, speech (choice of words, way of talking), looks and interaction with other characters, including other characters reactions to that particular person.

AMERICAN STAR SYSTEM

Backbone of American film industry since 1910. Stars are the direct or indirect reflection of the needs, drives, and anxieties of their audience. Public often fuses a stars persona with his/her private personality.

Golden Age of the American Star System

1930s and 1940s Most stars were under exclusive contracts with MGM, Warner Bros, Paramount, Twentieth Century Fox, and RKO. After a popular performance, a star could be locked into the same type of role. Movies without stars generally fail at the box office.

Stars demands Names above the title of the film Own camera operators Movies tailored especially for them

Price of being a Star Tabloids Stereotype

Personality Star Tends to play only those roles that fit a preconceived public image.

KINDS OF ACTING
Technical Acting
The technical style of acting was developed for the stage, and comes from the long formal history of stage acting, related to the live performance of music and dance. It's designed to be "read" even by audience members who are distant from the action and is highly formal. The "method" school, also called "subjective" acting, conforms directly to the concerns of film acting, which can be much more subtle and personal, due to the "up close" nature of film. Actors who work technically tend to approach a role from a much more objective viewpoint. The interpretation of the character is often more intellectual or stylized than emotional. Technical work is sometimes called external or objective work, because the actor builds the character through pacing, projection, vocalization and movement. These are intellectualized from the script, but not necessarily felt by the actor.

PACING It is defined as the speed at which movement occurs, but in the field of movie it refers to the rhythm and tempo the actors deliver their speech. The actual pacing of dialogue may also determine the relationship status and emotional level of your character.

VOCAL PROJECTION It is the strength of speaking or singing whereby the voice is used loudly and clearly. It is a technique which can be employed to demand respect and attention, such as when a teacher is talking to the class, or simply to be heard clearly, as an actor in a theatre.

Breath Control

It refers to the art of understanding when to take a breath for speaking or singing. Musicians often master the art of breath control so their pitch and phrasing is fluid; however, this is also very important for an actor - especially during long speeches or monologues.

PHYSICAL ACTION WITH PHYSICAL MOVEMENT Physical action

Physical action, which is not only limited to actions, but also talking, is used within a script to define a specific purpose. This form of acting has a point, and it is used to help drive the story line and development of your character. Basically, physical action is based in true motives.

Physical Movement

Physical movement, which typically only refers to the smaller movements within your body, are simplistic and devoid of any true purpose. For example, scratching your nose, tapping your feet or switching your body weight from one hip to another.

Method Acting
Konstantin Stanislavsky is a famous actor, director and teacher, profoundly influence the theater of the 20th century. He introduced the Stanislavsky System it was Lee Strasberg who developed this system into Method Acting. He is the father of Method Acting. Lee Strasberg defined what is popularly known as method acting he used a simple declarative sentences Method Acting is what all actors have always done whenever they acted well. Method Acting is a process in which actors immerse themselves into their characters as much as possible. A person that creates the thoughts and emotions of the character they are going to play.

TECHNIQUES OF METHODS ACTING Relaxation As in any acting technique Method Acting starts with Relaxation. When this exercise was first developed the actor would simply try to fall asleep in a chair. The objective is to lose the expressions, mannerisms and energies not necessary for your character. You are trying to break down habits and mannerism. Observation An important part of learning to act is as we find it in the acting technique Method Acting to really observe. To understand the character that you play use observation of people those behave like your character. Being conscious of your behaviour, being aware of your little habits, and more, will help you create a real-life character. Motivation The actor must study the test thoroughly to determine the motivation behind a characters words and actions. Magic If A simple way of beginning the Stanislavsky Method is to ask yourself "What would I do if I was in this situation." This is a good way to consider natural reactions to the events in the story. Sense Memory It is this specific acting technique method acting is famous for. It is of great value for actors. It was developed to make it possible to create a real life character. Sense memory is about re-living your emotions in order to use them for character building your role.

Tips on Method Acting Try to be your character for a few days in a week and see if your friends notice any change in your behavior. Don't be the astronaut, don't be so technical about learning and studying the character. Instead be open to the emotion and be open to the magic. Watch interviews of famous actors like Marlon Brando, Al Pacino etc. To know how they do it. Try your best to enjoy it, whatever you do. Don't get bored and try to rush things up. Encourage the "element of surprise in your acting". Don't just follow the character on a straight line. Take them as your base and build your own walls and roof of it. Just be that character and respond to every situation, without a plan.

Blockings I. Background (The Psychology of Movement)

The study of movement psychology found that movement is controlled by deeper emotions. This means that attitude and emotion can change movement as well as movement can change emotion and attitude. This takes us back to Newtons First Law of Motion: Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. In filmmaking terms, this translates into a character must be MOTIVATED before they will take action. MOTIVATED being the key word! There are two kinds of movement between characters: toward or away and moving or still. 1. Toward or Away when you change the space between characters, you indicate a change in the relationship. a. If a character walks toward another character, that could indicate anger. b. If a character walks away from another character, that could indicate fear. 2. Moving or Still character movement is also a way of expressing opposition and resistance. a. Moving characters create lots of energy. (Dynamic) b. Still characters create less energy. (Peaceful)

II. Definition and Importance

Blocking is the act of walking the actors through the scene before it is shot in order to make sure the lighting is sufficient and the camera is able to get the desired focus required. It is working out the details of the actors moves in relation to the camera. It is also the dramatic use of the camera to help find the truth in a scene. It reveals a characters thoughts or emotions through actions. Actions are more revealing of a character than dialogue. Doing, not saying. The term derives from the practice of 19th-century theatre directors such as Sir W. S. Gilbert who worked out the staging of a scene on a miniature stage using blocks to represent each of the actors (Gilbert's practice is depicted in Mike Leigh's 1999 film Topsy-Turvy). Blocking is for all departments to be sure that they are prepared for the scene to be shot. Taking the extra 3-5 minutes to block a scene can save you time, money and patience later. It's not uncommon for blocking to last days for a big scene. In cinema, camera and lights are added to the equation. Blocking a motion picture involves the precise synchrony and movement of the actors in relation to camera and lights. The director is the one responsible for blocking. He must guide the cast to accommodate his vision for the arrangement or composition of the frame. The more actors are trained during blocking, the faster principal photography will be.

III. Stage Directions

UP-STAGE

HOUSE LEFT STAGE RIGHT

CENTER STAGE

HOUSE RIGHT STAGE LEFT

DOWN STAGE
House left/right are from the audience's perspective. The stage itself has been given named areas to facilitate blocking.

The rear of the stage is considered up-stage. This derives from the raked stage, where the stage sloped up away from the audience. The front of the stage is down-stage. Stage left and right, at least in British and North American theatre, refer to the actor's left and right facing the audience. Because this is sometimes misunderstood, the terms prompt (actor's or stage left) and bastard/opposite prompt (actor's or stage right) are also used. House left and house right refer to how the audience perceives the stage. The audiences left is referred to as house left, and the audiences right is referred to as house right. (These may also be called camera left and camera right for a filmed or sometimes unfilmed production or play.)

IV. Vocabulary List

Blocking The positioning and movement of actors; where/how actors move on-stage during a theatrical piece. When facing the audience, the center of the stage. A word, sound or visual sign that tells an actor or technician that it is time to perform a particular line or action. When facing the audience, the front of the stage.

Center Stage Cue

Downstage House Left

The audiences left when facing the stage. ( POV of the audience)

House Right
Mark

The audiences right when facing the stage. ( POV of the audience)

Specific place(s) on-stage where an actor moves to and stands while performing. Putting small pieces of tape down on-stage where actors are supposed to stand or set pieces are placed. Activity that actors do on-stage while performing. When facing the audience, the left side of the stage. ( POV of the actor) When facing the audience, the right side of the stage. ( POV of the actor) When facing the audience, the back of the stage. The spaces on the far left and right of a stage where actors enter and exit.

Spiking

Stage Business Stage Left Stage Right Upstage Wings

IV. HOW BLOCKING SHOULD BE DONE

Whenever you start blocking a scene, you must know these five things: a. When (and where) were the characters LAST SEEN? b. What is the LAST shot of the previous scene? c. What is the FIRST shot of the scene you are on? d. What is the LAST shot of the scene you are on? e. What is the FIRST shot of the next scene? The opening position of a character is where the characters start in a scene and is a very important element of blocking: a. Use your knowledge of the characters to help you imagine their opening positions b. Different character types tend to move to different places in the room. - Strong characters could move to the middle of room - Weak characters could move to the side of room There are two ways to stage space: a. Staging across the frame - Left to right - Right to left b. In-depth staging

- Foreground to background - Background to foreground There are two methods for staging groups and individuals: a. Zone coverage when you stage the coverage of groups in the same location. (Like scenes/sports events/crowds.) battle

b. Man-to-man coverage when you stage the coverage of individual characters according to their movement in relationship to others

Four staging techniques a. Static camera (The camera doesnt move) - Subjects can be still - Subjects can be moving b. Moving camera (The camera moves) - Subjects can be still - Subjects can be moving c. Static subjects (The subject doesnt move) - Camera can be still - Camera can be moving d. Moving subjects (The subject does move) - Camera can be still - Camera can be moving Four basic reasons to move the camera a. Move for emphasis. (The camera moves into an actor.) b. Move to emphasize a subject in a group. (Pan or dolly.) c. Transfer attention from one subject to another. (Pan or focus) d. To connect movement from one space to another. (Pan from the door to a desk or go from room to room.) Subjective and objective camera angles a. A subjective camera angle is a shot taken close to the 180 line. (You can see the face and eyes more clearly) b. An objective camera angle is a shot taken perpendicular to the 180 line. (It is wider more profile to the actor)

The dramatic circle of action is determined by the size and shape of the space that the action covers a. Any space is divided into three parts: - Foreground - Middle ground - Background b. You can place the camera IN the action. (Action flows around the camera.) c. You can place the camera OUTSIDE the action. (Keep a distance from the action.) Camera height is used to show the physical relationships (or status) between people. In real life, there are two kinds of status relationships: a. Equal to equal. (Good cop and bad guy. Doctor and doctor) b. Superior to inferior. (Judge and defendant. Teacher and student.)

In blocking a scene, these ways shall also be considered to get the shot you want: Sketch the Scene One efficient way to block actors and camera is to use drawings. Hand-drawn pictures are fine, although computers make the job easier. Floor plans and storyboards are often combined for a faster process but also to help the crew visualize everything needed for the shoot to happen. Floor plans are used to design the layout of a scene with actors and camera positions. Floor plans are quite convenient when shooting a scene with an elaborate setup. Too many actors and ambitious camera movements (dollies, cranes) constitute a good definition of elaborate setup. Storyboards are also common. They are a collection of frames that tells the story visually. The frames illustrate the more important shots in the movie. Storyboards are quite convenient when the director is explaining exactly what type of composition he desires.

Attention to Body Language Deciding on the positions of the subject and camera are only the first and second steps of blocking. The third is body language - posture. A director must pay close attention to how actors use their bodies and what is signified by their postures and gestures. Quite regularly, professional directors instruct actors on how to move their hands and legs and eyes. It is attention to detail that separates the men from the boys and the women from the girls.

In the frame at the left, you can see two actors with contrasting postures. Angelina Jolie, impeccable, holds herself straight, with air of nobility. Her back does not touch the chair. Her hands are held in front of her bosom we can tell this is not comfortable. At the opposite end of the spectrum, we have Johnny Depp, slouched in his chair, legs crossed, supporting his arms. He looks tired and uncouth. But not Angelina. She's refined, elegant, sophisticated... A lot information is conveyed by posture. Keep that in mind.

Camera angles and blocking and staging the actors In addition to the coverage angles listed in the previous section there are many additional aspects of camera angles that influence an audience's understanding of what they are watching. Proper blocking and staging of the actors is required for the cinematographer to be able to capture effective images. The following are some of the most common techniques you can use.

In countries where people read from left to right, the audience will generally scan an image from left to right. If you place a character at the left of the frame, that character will be seen first and will seem to be more important. Because "tall" usually equates with "powerful" a character that is visually higher in the frame will seem stronger than a character that is low in the frame. The eye is drawn to brightness, therefore if one actor is more brightly lit than others in an image the audience's eye will be drawn to that actor and s/he will seem more important. In a multi-actor image the actor facing more toward the camera will seem more dominating.

See how the face of the man on the left draws your eye and dominates this image where we have taken advantage of all of the factors of character placement and lighting within the camera frame.

Angling upward from a low position makes an actor seem taller and more powerful as in the next image. In any scene the most powerful character should be placed in the highest position in the frame, and the weaker characters lower in the frame. In a courtroom scene the judge sits on the highest bench. The powerful, evil villain should be higher in the frame than the hero to emphasize the challenge facing the hero to overcome the villain.

Shooting the actor from a high angle makes them look weak and vulnerable. We also shot from farther away to make the actor look smaller and we placed the image lower in the frame to accentuate the appearance of weakness and loneliness. Compare this image to the previous image. As a general rule, unless you are trying to make a special point, you should have the camera at about shoulder height of the actors in your scene. If the actors are sitting then bring the camera down to the height of their shoulders as they are sitting.

You need to carefully consider the background of a shot to be sure the angle you are shooting the background is the most interesting and appropriate and not distracting. It is almost never good to shoot the flat surface of a background such as a building. The following frame has everything wrong with it. The actors are too far apart and too much in profile. The building is shot face on and a light pole seems to be growing out of the woman's head.

This shot uses a perspective angle looking down a tree lined walk to give depth and interest to this image. Always shoot what is in the background from an angle to give depth and a sense of dynamics to your images.

V. Mise-en-Scne
Even though many professionals are involved in its creation, the director is the one that oversees the entire mise-en-scne and all of its elements. Not just that, but during the early stages of pre-production, the director or his AD sits down with set designers, prop masters, location managers, costume designers, and scenic artists to determine the look and feel intended. In some instances, the mise-en- scne is used to evoke lasting feelings throughout the movie and not just for selected scenes. In the German expressionist film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), distorted shapes and claustrophobic scenery is implemented to disturb the audience and enhance the horror.

Dcor

Dcor refers to the decoration or decorative styles, comprising mainly of the set and props used in a movie. Instead of just dressing the set, the director must be savvy to fathom how objects may bear significance in a deeper level, while also emphasizing themes, creating meanings, and provoking thoughts.

Lighting Unarguably one of the film elements that have the greatest power to evoke emotions, lighting must be manipulated by the director to accommodate his or her desires for the movie. The two broad types of lighting approaches are: low-key lighting and high-key lighting.

High-key lighting is often seen in romantic comedies and musicals, encompassing an even lighting pattern and avoiding dark areas in the frame. Everything looks bright with little to no shadow at all. High-key lighting has little dramatic effect, and it is often used in a scene with no tension.

Low-key lighting is often seen in horror movies and thrillers, comprising of a lighting pattern that has both bright and dark areas in the frame. The chiaroscuro (Italian: bright-dark) technique, long used by painters, is characterized by strong contrast, often employed to unnerve the audience.

Note that this terminology is counterintuitive as low-key lighting is high contrast and high-key lighting is low contrast.

Costume

The obvious purpose of costuming is to dress an actor according to his character. Lawyers wear suits, nurses wear scrubs, and a drifter could wear worn out shoes, ragged shirt, and baggy pants. But, more than that, costuming can also be used to establish someones hierarchic level. Regimentals, for instance, bear the status of the person who wears it. And even the color may distinguish an enemy from a friend. Location The final confrontation in The Graduate takes place in a church. Ben tries to prevent Elaine (Katherine Ross) from getting married, but he arrives too late. Nonetheless, when Elaine sees him, she runs to him, and they run away. When the couple is cornered by infuriated parents and relatives, Ben starts swinging a cross to avoid them. Stepping out, Ben uses the cross to hold the churchs doors shut. The prop (cross) and location (church) impose a comment on religious institutions, perhaps implying that Elaines parents are trapped by traditional believes and practices.

______________________________________________
Once all the blocking is completed a play is said to be "fully blocked" and then the process of "polishing" or refinement begins. During the blocking rehearsal usually the assistant director or the stage manager (or both) take notes about where actors are positioned and their movement patterns on stage. Blocking a scene for film also must afford the camera the most aesthetically interesting compositions that flow before the lens. It is not only the movement of actors and props to achieve optimum efficiency on the set. Blocking is simply working out the details of an actors moves in relation to the camera.

What happens in an effective scene is a combination of a number of elements, in a kind of gestalt. All these elements together comprise blocking. These include cinematographic details, the physical relationship of the actors to each other, their energy, and the overall sense of where they are going. When you first start directing, blocking a scene can be one of the hardest (and most embarrassing) parts of your job. If you get it wrong here, you could waste valuable shooting time trying to get out of the mess you created! Like anything else in real life, blocking a scene with actors and crew takes practice and the more times you do it, the more comfortable you will become.

Film Star vs. Movie Star

We usually interchange the term movie star and film star. But thinking about it actually conjures up the notion that they possess intrinsic qualities. They have certain distinctions that we should all be aware of.

- A movie star is a celebrity who is well-known, or famous, for his/her starring, or leading roles in motion pictures. The term may also apply to an actor/actress who is recognized as a marketable commodity and whose name is used to promote a movie. - A movie star has a glamorous persona. - A movie star aims to entertain. - A movie star promotes massive industrial enterprise. - A movie stars fame may be fabricated in purpose (or not in purpose) by media handlers who play a substantial part in the image-making process. A movie stars fame is a relational phenomenon, something that is conferred by others. - A movie star performs to pave a way to stardom. - The image of a movie star can be used for a range of publicity tactics. - Movie stars are usually employed under long-termed contracts. - In some film industries, many movies often run on the weight of the stars crowd pulling power more than any other intrinsic aspect of film making. - A movie star usually commands premium pay commensurate with his/her box office appeal. - A movie star constantly appears under the spotlight so as to maintain popularity. - A movie star attracts the audience with false promises of being popular and successful. - A movie star denotes something that is casual and unchallenging.

- A movie stars name is one of the mechanisms used by the industry to predetermine audience expectations. A movie star markets the movie. A movie star acts for the adulation and the box office.

Film Star

- A film star has the least connotations and appeals to the viewing populace. A film star has style that is considered as high-art because it is always in relation to its aesthetic properties. - A film star is not quite in it for the money or for the fame, and so a film star expects a small salary and income. - A film star reflects culture, thus affecting the audience, either educating or indoctrinating them. - A film star acts not necessarily for being seen in a theatre, but to promote art in its finest form. - A film star acts in a unique and assertive style that captures the imagination of the audience. - A film star acts to stimulate the audience, to provoke thought and stir them to consider what a person believes and why. - A film star knows how to create a reaction in a person. He/she can make the audience into less of a watcher and more of a participant. - A film star provokes and bushes boundaries, makes statements and asks questions. - A film star realizes the artistic aspects of film. - A film stars fame is earned. He/she is appreciated because he/she reflects the art form. - A film star has a strong capacity of representation and intentionality. A film star effectively and dramatically portrays reality. - A film star presents us with a way of seeing the aesthetics of film.

Notable Actors and Actresses

Top 10 Highest Paid Hollywood Actors of 2013
1. Robert Downy Jr. - $75 Million At the risk of sounding clichd, we must say that the actor is like wine, getting better with age. 'The Avengers' was the third highest grossing movie of all time - and with a huge star cast, guess who walked away with the biggest paycheck? That's right; Tony Stark with his iron suit and affable charm was easily the most popular superhero in the movie. 2. Channing Tatum - $60 Million If you always put Channing Tatum as one of the young, good-looking actors earning moderately in medium-budget movies - it's time to change that stereotype. If you caught 'Magic Mike' last year, the comedy drama film was a jackpot for the actor - earning him $60 million! A movie based on Tatum's own past as a male stripper, it is now going to be made into a Broadway show. 3. Hugh Jackman -$ 55 Million He has done a number of brilliant roles in his career - but to us, he will always be Wolverine. However, his biggest paycheck came not from the X-Men franchise - but the Oscar-winning 'Les Misrables' where he played Jean Valjean and was nominated for an Academy Award himself. The movie, made on a paltry $61 million, earned $438 million at the box office. 4. Mark Wahlberg - $52 million An actor better remembered for serious roles like 'The Fighter' and 'The Departed'. So his performance in the surprise hit of 2012, 'Ted', came as another surprise. He is on the way to big bucks now - with a sequel to 'Ted' in the pipeline and also 'Transformers 4', to be released next year. 5. Dwayne Johnson - $46 million Good-looking wrestlers are always welcome to Hollywood. And Dwayne Johnson is now a part and parcel of high-grossing action franchises - 'Fast & Furious 6' and 'G.I. Joe: Retaliation', to be precise. The actor is next DiCaprio, we cannot help but sigh at him being going to be seen in 'Fast & Furious 7' and as Hercules in 'Hercules: The Thracian Wars'. 6. Leonardo DiCaprio - $39 million

Every time we mention Leonardo the subject of Oscar snubs. The actor is superbly talented, to say the least - and 'The Great Gatsby', with him at the helm of the cast, crossed $250 million at the box office easily. The actor got his due and $39 million - whether he gets a mention at the next Academy Awards is anybody's guess. 7. Adam Sandler - $37 million Just when you pegged him down as the funny man of Hollywood, Adam Sandler goes and sets the cash register at the BO ringing with the animated 'Hotel Transylvania'. Grossing $347 million, this movie is easily Sandler's biggest hit till date - and the second is 'Grown Ups', the sequel to which also brought in big bucks to Sandler. 8. Tom Cruise - $35 million Tom Cruise has many more years before he is pass, unlike what critics might have to say. The actor's 2012 movie 'Jack Reacher' might not have created magic at the national box office, but overseas it raked in enough for the movie to gross $217 million. Lesson number one, never underestimate the overseas BO, and lesson number two, never underestimate Tom Cruise. 9. Denzel Washington - $33 million Denzel Washington's 'Flight' was nominated for two Oscars last year, including Best Actor for him. The actor is one of the best in the industry, and when he asked for a fee that was more than what the movie was made for, he knew what he was doing. 'Flight' went on to gross more than 5 times of what it started out with. 10. Liam Neeson - $ 32 million Understated, but powerful performance - that's Liam Neeson for you. He keeps a low profile unlike Ben Affleck and Will Smith - while making more money than them. The secret is to do low cost, high return movies like 'Taken' and 'The Grey'. And he is so much in demand too - he has eight movies lined up for him till next year. How cool is that? Top 10 most popular Hollywood actresses in 2013 1.) Angelina Jolie- is a name which needs no introduction. She is not popular only in the USA, but is equally loved in other continents of the world. She is hot, attractive, adorable and a charming lady. She is not popular only for her unmatched achievements in film industry, but also for her contributions towards the betterment of poor children across the globe. Angelina Jolie is also titled as the Ambassador of UNESCO. However, here we shall only deal only with her contributions in the film industry which has earned her huge fame and popularity. For her brilliant performance in Changeling, she was awarded with Academy Award for Best Actress. Among other famous works of Angelina Jolie are Tomb Raider, SALT, Girl Interrupted, GIA, Tourist, and Original Sin. 2.) Charlize Theron- Aside from having a pretty face and gorgeous body, Charlize Theron is renowned for her superior acting skills. This South African model and actress is indeed a beauty, and her fame continues to soar because of her great contributions in Hollywood. Although she is in her late 30s already, Charlize still manages to look as young and desirable as ever. As for her achievements, she is

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noted as the very first South African who won an Oscar award for her compelling film Monster. She was also a part of other notable films including Mighty Joe Young, The Italian Job and The Devils Advocate. Marion Cotillard- Marion Cotillard is considered as one of the hottest and most talented Hollywood actresses in 2013. This French actress made it big and earned recognition in Hollywood over the past few years, and she has now become a worldwide success. Some of her memorable films include Inception, Public Enemies, Midnight in Paris, and The Dark Knight Rises. In addition, she starred in the enigmatic film La Vie en Rose, where she received an Oscar Award. This recognition also made her as the first actress to win an Oscar award for a French movie. Julia Roberts- Julia Roberts gained immense fame and success as an actress from the 1990 film Pretty Woman, which she played with Richard Gere. Known for her charismatic personality and enigmatic smile, Julia Roberts has been voted as among the top 50 most beautiful personalities in the world, according to People Magazine. She is a brilliant actress who knows how to choose her roles very well. Among the notable films she has made throughout her career include Valentines Day, Mirror Mirror, Oceans Twelve, My Best Friends Wedding and The Pelican Brief. Scarlett Johansson- This Hollywood actress is more than just a bombshell because of her immense acting skills and admirable character. In addition, she has received numerous Golden Globe nominations for her remarkable films, which include The Iron Man, Vicky Cristina Barcelona, The Avengers and The Prestige. Moreover, this talented and beautiful actress places high regard to her private life, and she manages to speak less about her personal life. Mila Kunis- Milena Mila Kunis is an exotic Ukrainian beauty who was well-known for her portrayal in the TV sitcom That 70s Show:. Eventually, she became the voice of the Family Guy cartoon character Meg Griffin. After succeeding immensely on TV, she explored her talents and acting skills by starring in a few Hollywood films including Black Swan, Friends with Benefits, and Forgetting Sarah Marshall, to name a few. Emma Watson- Emma Stone started her acting career as a child when she joined the Valley Youth Theatre in Arizona. Her initial stage debut was in The Wind in the Willows, which was a Kenneth Grahame production. After her massive success in that stage production, she appeared in a few more notable performances throughout her early teens. Later on, she opted to explore her acting talents even more by becoming a part of some Hollywood films including Superbad, Easy A and Spiderman. Cameron Diaz- Emma Stone started her acting career as a child when she joined the Valley Youth Theatre in Arizona. Her initial stage debut was in The Wind in the Willows, which was a Kenneth Grahame production. After her massive success in that stage production, she appeared in a few more notable performances throughout her early teens. Later on, she opted to explore her acting talents even more by becoming a part of some Hollywood films including Superbad, Easy A and Spiderman. Jennifer Aniston- was born in California, in February 11, 1969. This beautiful Hollywood actress came from a family of actors, as both of her parents are in the acting industry. Jennifer followed suit and appeared in some stage productions during the late 1980s. She gained her skills in acting when she attended the Fiorello LaGuardia High School of Music, Art and Performing Arts. Aside from gaining success on TV as Rachel in the famous 90s sitcom FRIENDS, she starred in the big screen,

as well. In fact, some of her films incuded Bruce Almighty, Derailed, Along Came Polly, Rumor Has It, and The Break Up. 10.) Jessica Alba- Jessica Alba gained huge success in the TV series Dark Angels, and she came a long way from then. In fact, she made her mark in Hollywood with blockbuster movies such as Fantastic Four, Sin City Honey, and Meet the Parents Part 2. Additionally, she is renowned for her contracts with top cosmetic brands such as Revlon and LOreal. This elegant and talented actress is indeed among the finest in the industry because of her flawless face, outstanding talent, and great deal of charm.

ALL TIME SIGNIFICANT ACTORS AND ACTRESSES IN THE PHILIPPINES Gina Pareo Amalia Fuentes Gloria Diaz Rio Locsin Annabelle Rama Vivian Velez Rosa Rosal Maggie dela Riva A mestiza television and film actress who has won several awards here and abroad for her outstanding performances. Known as one of the beautiful faces in Philippine Cinema. The first Filipina to bring home the Ms. Universe crown in 1969. Dubbed as the 80's screen siren. Also played Darna in 1979. A talent manager and actress. She is also Eddie Gutierrez's wife and the mother of Ruffa, Richard and Raymond Gutierrez. Known as Ms. Body Beautiful. An actress and radio announcer who is also the longest Red Cross volunteer world history. A movie actress, widely known outside the Philippines for her abduction and rape.

Top 200 Greatest Movie Performances of All Time By George Wales of TotalFilm.com (as of June 23rd 2013)
Rank 200 199 198 197 196 195 194 193 192 191 190 189 188 187 186 185 184 183 182 181 180 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 172 171 170 169 168 167 166 Actor Tom Hardy Robert Shaw Nastassja Kinski Keira Knightley Matt Damon Christian Bale Michelle Pfeiffer James Cagney Amy Adams Kim Basinger Romain Duris James Dean Halle Berry Eric Bana James Spader Montgomery Clift Jackie Earle Haley Forest Whitaker Kristen Stewart Lauren Bacall Eddie Murphy Judy Garland Emma Stone Ralph Fiennes Carey Mulligan Alan Rickman Elizabeth Olsen Morgan Freeman Christopher Guest John Cusack Charlie Chaplin Lesley Manville Kirk Douglas Gena Rowlands Ben Kingsley Role Charles Bronson Quint Jane Henderson Elizabeth Bennet Will Hunting Patrick Bateman Susie Diamond Arthur Cody Jarrett Giselle Lynn Bracken Thomas Seyr Jett Rink Leticia Musgrove Mark Chopper Read James Ballard Matthew Grath Rorschach Charlie Yardbird Parker Em Lewin Vivian Rutledge Kit / Jiff Ramsey Vicki Lester Olive Penderghast Charles Van Doren Jenny Mellor Severus Snape Martha Ellis Boyd Red Redding Nigel Tufnel Martin Q Blank A Tramp Mary Chuck Tatum Gloria Swenson Don Logan Movie Bronson (2008) Jaws (1976) Paris, Texas (1984) Pride and Prejudice (2005) Good Will Hunting (1997) The American Psycho (2000) The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989) White Heat (1949) Enchanted (2007) LA Confidential (1997) The Beat That My Heart Skipped (2005) Giant (1956) Monsters Ball (2001) Chopper (2000) Crash (1996) Red River (1948) Watchmen (2009) Bird (1998) Adventureland (2009) The Big Sleep (1942) Bowfinger (1999) A Star is Born (1954) Easy A (2010) Quiz Show (1994) An Education (2012) Harry Potter series (2001-2011) Martha Marcy May Marlene (2011) The Shawshank Redemption (1994) This is Spinal Tap (1984) Gross Pointe (1997) City Lights (1931) Another Year (2010) Ace in the Hole (1951) Gloria (1980) Sexy Beast (2000)

165 164 163 162 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 146 145 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117

Chloe Moretz Steve McQueen Richard Dreyfuss Rooney Mara Andrew Garfield Alec Guinness Helen Mirren Joseph Gordon-Levitt Ellen Page Sidney Portier Christopher Waltz Naomi Watts Julianne Moore Martin Sheen Michael Shannon Isabelle Huppert John Malkovich Jean Dujardin Spencer Tracy Zach Galifianakis Jeanne Moreau Ellen Burstyn Robert Downey, Jr. Henry Fonda Winona Ryder Octavia Spencer Jeremy Irons Simon Pegg Leslie Nielsen Susan Surandon Natalie Portman Richard E. Grant Mel Gibson Sean Connery Audrey Tautou Takashi Shimura Hugh Jackman Mia Farrow John Travolta Woody Allen Anne Hathaway Uma Thurman Penelope Cruz John Voight Jeff Bridges Javier Bardem Marilyn Monroe Daniel Craig Mark Wahlberg

Hit-Girl Capt. Virgil Hilts Roy Neary Lisbeth Salander Jack Burridge Everyone Queen Elizabeth II Neil McCormick Juno MacGuff Virgil Tibbs Hans Landa Betty Elms Carol White Kit Carruthers Curtis Erika Kohut The Vicomte Sebastian De Valmont George Valentin John J Macreedy Alan Catherine Sara Goldfarb Tony Stark Frank Veronica Sawyer Minny Jackson Elliot and Beverly Mantle Shaun Dr. Rumack Annie Sovoy Nina Sayers Withnail William Wallace James Bond Amelie Poullain Kanji Watanabe Wolverine Rosemary Woodhouse Tony Manero Isaac Davis Kym The Bride Maria Elena Luke Martin Jeffrey the Dude Lebowski Anton Chigurh Sugar Kane Kowalczyk James Bond Dirk Diggler

Kick-Ass (2010) The Great Escape (1963) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) Boy A (2007) Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) The Queen (2006) Mysterious Skin (2004) Juno (2007) In The Heat of the Night (1967) Inglorious Basterds (2009) Mullholland Drive (2001) Safe (1995) Badlands (1973) Take Shelter (2011) The Piano Teacher (2001) Dangerous Liaisons (1986) The Artist (2011) Bad Day at Black Rock (1955) The Hangover (2009) Jules et Jim (1961) Requiem of a Dream (2000) Iron Man (2007) Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) Heathers (1989) The Help (2011) Dead Ringers (1988) Shaun of the Dead (2004) Airplane (1980) Bull Durham (1988) Black Swan (2010) Withnail and I (1986) Braveheart (1995) Goldfinger (1964) Amelie (2001) X-Men (2000-2011) Rosemarys Baby (1968) Saturday Night Fever (1977) Manhattan (1979) Rachel Getting Married (2009) Kill Bill (2003) Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008) Coming Home (1978) The Big Lebowski (1998) No Country for Old Men (2007) Some Like it Hot (1959) Casino Royale (2006) Boogie Nights (1997)

116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69

Paul Giamatti Sam Rockwell Gene Kelly Melissa Leo Meg Ryan Harvey kaitel Jesse Eisenberg Reese Witherspoon Tom Hanks Will Ferrell Paddy Considine Harrison Ford Audrey Hepburn Orson Welles Antonio Banderas Jim Carrey Peter Lorre Cate Blanchett Boris Karloff Dylan Baker Angelina Jolie Peter Sellers Buster Keaton Arnold Schwarzenegger Cary Grant Benicio Del Toro Will Smith Colin Firth Catherine Deneuve Charlize Theron Gabourey Sidibe Clint Eastwood Edward Norton Frances McDormand Vincent Cassel Gregory Peck Ryan Gosling Holly Hunter James Woods Katherine Hepburn Ian McKellen Kathy Bates Linda Fiorentino Phillip Seymour Hoffman Toshio Mifune Vincent Gallo Nicholas Cage Nicole Kidman

Miles Raymond Sam Bell Don Lockwood Alice Ward Sally Albright The Lieutenant Mark Zuckerberg Tracy Flick Chuck Noland Ron Burgundy Richard Han Solo Holly Golightly Harry Lime Robert Ledgard Joel Barish Hans Beckert Jude Quinn The Monster Bill Maplewood Mariane Pearl Capt. Lionel Mandrake / Pres. Merkin Muffley Johnny Gray The Terminator TR Devlin Ernesto Che Guevara Muhammad Ali King George Vi Severine Serizy Aileen Wournos Claireece Precious Jones Harry Callahan Derek Vinyard Marge Gunderson Jacques Mesrine Atticus Finch Dan Dunne Ada McGarth Richard Boyle Tracy Lord Gandalf Annie Wilkes Bridget Gregory / Wendy Kroy Andy Sanjuro Kuwabatake Billy Brown Ben Sanderson Grace Margaret Mulligan

Sideways (2004) Moon (2009) Singing in the Rain (1952) The Fighter (2010) When Harry Met Sally (1989) Bad Lieutenant (1992) The Social Network (2010) Election (1999) Cast Away (2002) Anchorman (2004) Dead Mans Shoes (2004) Star Wars (1977) Breakfast at Tiffanys (1961) The Third Man (1949) The Skin I Live In (2011) Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) M (1931) Im Not There (2007) Frankenstein (1931) Happiness (1998) A Might Heart (2007) Dr. Strangelove (1963) The General (1927) The Terminator (1984) Notorious (1946) Che (2008) Ali (2001) The Kings Speech (2010) Belle de Jour (1967) Monster (2003) Precious (2009) Dirty Harry (1971) American History X (1998) Fargo (1996) Mesrine (2008) To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) Half Nelson (2006) The Piano (1993) The Philadelphia Story (1940) Lord of the Rings (2001-2003) Misery (1990) The Last Seduction (1994) Before the Devil Knows Your Dead (2007) Yojimbo (1961) Buffalo 66 (1998) Leaving Las Vegas (1995) Dogville (2003)

68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

Marion Cotillard Brad Pitt Rosaling Russell Michael Rooker Barbara Stanwyck Johnny Depp Christopher Walken Leonardo DiCaprio Dennis Hopper Michelle Williams Bill Murray Matthew Broderick Humphrey Bogart Anthony Hopkins Andy Serkis Sigourney Weaver Robert Mitchum Samuel L. Jackson Jean-Paul Belmondo Ray Winstone Setsuko Hara Malcolm McDowell John Wayne George Clooney Kevin Spacey Klaus Kinski Michael Fassbender Joe Pesci Peter Finch Sissy Spacek Russell Crowe Robert Duvall Burt Lancaster Jennifer Lawrence Davis Thewlis Gloria Swanson Steve Martin Maria Falconetti Mickey Rouke Anthony Perkins Gary Oldman Diane Keaton Liv Ullmann Sean Penn Dustin Hoffman Heath Ledger Jack Lemmon Kate Winslet Bette Davis

Edith Piaf Tyler Durden Hildy Johnson Henry Phyllis Dietrichson Edward Scissorhands Frank White Arnie Grape Frank Booth Cindy Phil Connors Ferris Bueller Dixon Steele Hannibal Lecter Gollum Lt. Ellen Ripley Harry Powell Jules Winnfield Michel Poiccard Ray Noriko Hirayama Alex Delarge Ethan Edwards Matt King Roger Verbal Kint Don Lope De Aguirre Brandon Sullivan Tommy Devito Howard Beale Carrie White Maximus Decimus Meridius Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore JJ Hunksecker Ree Dolly Johnny Norma Desmond Johnny Gray Joan of Arc Randy The Ram Robinson Norman Bates Bex Bissell Annie Hall Elisabeth Vogler David Kleinfeld Benjamin Braddock The Joker Bud baxter Clementine Kruczynski Margo Channing

La Vie en Rose (2007) The Fighter (1999) His Girl Friday (1939) Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986) Double Idemnity (1944) Edward Scissorhands (1990) The King of New York (1990) Whats Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) Blue Velvet (1986) Blue Valentine (2010) Groundhog Day (1993) Ferris Buellers Day Off (1986) In a Lonely Place (1950) The Silence of the Lambs (1991) The Lord of the Rings (2001-2003) Aliens (1986) The Night of the Hunter (1955) Pulp Fiction (1994) Breathless (1960) Nil by Mouth (1997) Tokyo Story (1953) A Clockwork Orange (1971) The Searchers (1956) The Descendants (2011) The Usual Suspects (1995) Aguirre, Wrath of God (1972) Shame (2011) GodFellas (1990) Network (1976) Carrie (1976) Gladiator (2000) Apocalypse Now (1979) Sweet Smell of Success (1957) Winters Bone (2010) Naked (1993) Sunset Boulevard (1950) The Man With Two Brains (1983) The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928) The Wrestler (2008) Psycho (1960) The Firm (1988) Annie Hall (1977) Persona (1966) Carlitos way (1993) The Graduate (1967) Dark Knight (2008) The Apartment (1960) Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) All About Eve (1950)

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Peter OToole Hillary Swank Sylvester Stallone Jodie Foster Tom Cruise James Stewart Michael Caine Gene Hackman Meryl Streep Liam Neeson Paul Newman Jane Fonda Denzel Washington Marlon Brando Emily Watson Al Pacino Daniel Day Lewis Robert De Niro Jack Nicholson

TE Lawrence Brandon Teena Rocky Balboa Sarah Tobias Frank TJ Mackey John Scottie Ferguson Jack Carter Harry Caul Sophie Oskar Schindler Fast Eddie Felson Bree Daniels Malcolm X Terry Malloy Bess Michael Corleone Daniel Plainview Jake La Motta RP McMurphy

Lawrence of Arabia (1962) Boys Dont Cry (1999) Rocky (1976) The Accused (1988) Magnolia (1999) Vertigo (1958) Get Carter (1971) The Conversation (1974) Sophies Choice (1982) Schindlers List (1993) The Hustler (1961) Klute (1971) On the Waterfront (1954) Breaking the Waves (1996) The Godfather Part II (1974) There Will Be Blood (2007) Raging Bull (1980) One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (1975)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American drama film directed by Milo Forman, based on the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey, and starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher. The supporting cast features William Redfield, Will Sampson, Brad Dourif,Danny DeVito, Christopher Lloyd, and Scatman Crothers. The film was the second to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Lead Role, Actress in Lead Role, Director, and Screenplay) following It Happened One Night in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 by The Silence of the Lambs. The film is #33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. It was shot at Oregon State Hospital in Salem, Oregon, which was also the setting of the novel.