Micro Hydro Projects Interconnection Equipment Standards and Specification

Micro Hydro Projects Interconnection Equipment Standards and Specification
MHP Interconnection Equipment Standards & Specification
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Government of Nepal Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC)
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Micro Hydro Projects Interconnection Equipment Standards and Specification

First Edition: 2013
Published by: Government of Nepal Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) National Rural and Renewable Energy Program (NRREP) Community Electricity Sub Component (CESC) Khumaltar, Lalitpur P. O. Box: 14237, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5539390, 5539391 Fax: +977-1-5539392 Email: infor@aepc.gov.np Web: www.aepc.gov.np
Work Coordinated by: Universal Consultancy Service Pvt. Ltd. Balaju, Kathmandu P. O. Box: 20506, Kathmandu Tel: +977-1-4350580, 4385585 Fax: +977-1-4382495 Email: ucs@ntc.net.np Web: www.ucsmeg.com
ISBN:
This Book is Prepared with the Help of:
Surendra Bhakta Mathema, Krishna Pd. Devkota, Bikram poudel, Sanjay K Sharma, Jagadish Khoju, Madhusudhan Adhikari, Bhupendra Shakya, Laliteswer Shri Vastav, Bhushan Adhakari, Jiwan k. Malik, Shankar Lal Vaidya, Surya pd.Adhakari, Hitendra Dev Shakya, Dr. Indraman Tamakar, Dr. Laxmi Shilpakar, Dr. Netra Gyawali, Kumudini Koirala, Sagar Gnawali, Tej Narayan Thakur, Prashun Bajrachaya, Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Ganesh Nepunae, Sanjeev Pokhrel, Shailendra K. Jha, Rojesh Dahal, Paras karki, Ramesh Paudyal and other professionals
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Preface
(By AEPC)
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Abbreviations
AC ACB ACSR AEPC AH AVR CESC DC ELC BH HT HV HVCP Hz IEEE INPS IEC IS ISO kN kV kVA kVAh kVARh kW kWh LT LV LVCPM MCB MCCB MHFG MHP mm MSL NEA NRREP ONAN PF PCC PLC PVC REDP RERL VCB : Alternating Current : Air Circuit Breaker : Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced : Alternative Energy Promotion Center : Ampere Hour : Automatic Voltage Regulator : Community Electrification Sub Component : Direct Current : Electronic Load Controller : Ballast Heater : High Tension : High Voltage : High Voltage Control Panel : Hertz : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers : Integrated Nepal Power System : International Electrotechnical Commission : Indian Standard : International Organization for standardization : Kilo Newton : Kilo Volt : Kilo Volt Ampere : Kilo Volt Ampere Hour : Kilo Volt Ampere Reactive Hour : Kilo Watt : Kilo Watt Hour : Low Tension : Low Voltage : Low Voltage Control, Protection & Measurement : Miniature Circuit Breaker : Moulded Case Circuit Breaker : Micro Hydro Functional Group : Micro Hydro Plant : Millimeter : Mean Sea Level : Nepal Electrical Authority : National Rural and Renewable Program : Oil Natural Air Natural : Power Factor : Point of Common Connection : Programmable Logic Controller : Poly Vinyl Chloride : Rural Energy Development Program : Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood Program : Vacuum Circuit Breaker
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Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. Background.......................................................................................................................................1 Objectives .........................................................................................................................................1 List of References.............................................................................................................................2 MHP Interconnection .......................................................................................................................2 Issues of MHP Interconnection ........................................................................................................3 MHP Interconnecting Schemes ........................................................................................................4 Control Panel ......................................................................................................................................14 Electrical Installation and Wiring.......................................................................................................15 Battery and Inverter cum Battery Charger..........................................................................................16 Electronic Load controller ..................................................................................................................17 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR).................................................................................................19 Synchronizing check relay..................................................................................................................21 Air circuit Breaker ..............................................................................................................................22 Moulded Case Circuit Breaker ...........................................................................................................23 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) ......................................................................................................25
2.
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9.
Panel Equipments ..............................................................................................................................14
3.
3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
Metering ...............................................................................................................................................26
HV Measurement................................................................................................................................26 Low Voltage Measurement ................................................................................................................27 Indicators ............................................................................................................................................28
4.
4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8.
Protection .............................................................................................................................................30
Protection Co-Ordination ...................................................................................................................30 Instrument transformer .......................................................................................................................31 Protection Relays................................................................................................................................33 HT Protection Relays..........................................................................................................................33 Protection of Generator ......................................................................................................................34 Transformer protection .......................................................................................................................37 Earthing ..............................................................................................................................................38 Monitoring and Control ......................................................................................................................40
5.
5.1. 5.2.
Substation and Transmission ..........................................................................................................41

General Standards...............................................................................................................................41 Construction Standard ........................................................................................................................42
6.
Line Equipment Standards..............................................................................................................51

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6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.7. 6.8. 6.9. 6.10. 6.11. 6.12. 6.13. 6.14. 6.15. 6.16. 6.17. 6.18. 6.19. 6.20. 6.21. 6.22. 6.23. 6.24.
Disconnect Switch/Isolator.................................................................................................................51 Surge Arresters ...................................................................................................................................51 Vacuum Circuit Breaker .....................................................................................................................52 Distribution cutout..............................................................................................................................54 Fuse link .............................................................................................................................................55 Transformer ........................................................................................................................................55 PVC Insulated LT cable .....................................................................................................................59 Steel Tubular Pole ..............................................................................................................................60 Porcelain Insulators ............................................................................................................................62 Pin Insulator....................................................................................................................................63 Disc Insulator..................................................................................................................................63 Insulator Hardware Pin...................................................................................................................64 Disc Insulator Fittings (Tension Set)..............................................................................................65 Stay Set...........................................................................................................................................66 Stranded Stay Wire.........................................................................................................................67 Stay Insulator..................................................................................................................................68 Cross-arm and Angles Bracing.......................................................................................................68 Flat Cross-arm Brace ......................................................................................................................69 Transformer Platform .....................................................................................................................70 Pole Clamps....................................................................................................................................71 Galvanized Steel Bolts, Nut and Miscellaneous Fastening Components .......................................72 Ground Rods and Clamps...............................................................................................................73 Grounding Conductor .....................................................................................................................74 ACSR Conductor............................................................................................................................74
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1. Introduction
1.1.Background
With the main focus To improve the living standard of rural women and men, increase employment of women and men as well as productivity, reduce dependency on traditional energy and attain sustainable development through integrating the alternative energy with the socio-economic activities of women and men in rural communities, AEPC executing five years period National Rural and Renewable Energy Program (NRREP) from mid-July 2012 to mid-July 2017. Community Electrification Sub-component of NRREP is one of the major components responsible for coordination and implementation of community electrification activities throughout the country in demand driven and public-partnership approach. One of the activities to meet the above defined output was to Put in place quality and technical standards, including grid connection specification and standard power purchase agreements. One of the sub activities to contribute to above activity was To develop MHP Interconnection equipment standards and specifications .The main rational behind the concept was to aggregate the power output of small sized MHPs so that sizeable amount of power may be available in the locally formed Mini Grid. There are large numbers of issues associated with isolated Micro Hydropower regarding quality and reliability of supply. Also the plant factor of such plant is very low because of low average demand and lighting being the main requirement of rural communities. In order to demonstrate a way forward to resolve the difficulties associated with isolated MHPs to some extent, AEPC/REDP/RERL has successfully piloted a Local Grid i.e. electrical interconnection of six nearby Micro Hydro plants with total capacity of 107 kW in Baglung district for the first time in Nepal. PLC based Grid Synchronizable Electronic Load Control panel is the core technology of the Mini Grid project. This technology was imported from Y-tek Controls of India as there were no suppliers of such equipments within country. It was found through recently conducted study that, there are various technical and financial issues that needs proper attention for the long term sustainability of Baglung Mini Grid. Ultimate connection of such local grids or individual plants with the National Grid seems to be only viable solution for success of Micro Hydro plants, so it is necessary to connect MHPs with nearby Grid. But there are no national standard guidelines and specifications available for such grid connection equipment in our country. Thus, the effort has been made to develop Micro Hydro interconnection equipment standards and specifications.
1.2.Objectives
The main objective of the task is to develop MHP interconnection equipment standards and specifications within the overall boundary of NEA grid code so that the developed standard shall be owned by NEA at a later time.
1.3.List of References
NEA Grid Code IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std. 1547, IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power. A Guidebook on Grid Interconnection and Islanded Operation of Mini Systems up to 200 kW Schatz Energy & Research Center Grid Power
Guide for the connection of generating plant Electricity Engineers association of New Zealand Handbook on Best Practices for the Successful Deployment of Grid-Connected Renewable Energy, Distributed Generation, Cogeneration and Combined Heat and Power in India Electro-Mechanical Works Power Evacuation and Inter Connection With Grid Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Govt. of India Guidelines for power evacuation and interconnections with grid ministry of new and renewable energy government of India Multi Dimensional Issues in International Electric Power Grid Interconnections Electricity Regulation ACT 2050 Government of Nepal NEA Construction Standards, Equipments Standards and Drawings NEA Bidding Documents
1.4.MHP Interconnection
The fact that interconnections between power systems are increasingly by the day, does not imply that they are as simple as connecting a few wires. Interconnections obviously entail the expense of constructing and operating transmission lines and substations. Interconnections also entail other costs, technical complexities, and risks. For AC interconnections especially, a power system interconnection is a kind of marriage, because two systems become one in an important way when they operate in synchronism. To do this requires a high degree of technical compatibility and operational coordination, which grows in cost and complexity with the scale and inherent differences of the systems involved. To give just one example, when systems are interconnected, even if they are otherwise fully compatible, fault currents (the current that flows during a short circuit) generally increase, requiring the installation of higher braking capacity circuit breakers to maintain safety and reliability. To properly specify these and many other technical changes required by interconnection requires extensive planning studies, computer modeling, and exchange of data between the interconnected systems. The difficulties of joint planning and operation of interconnected systems vary widely. As with marriages, from the institutional and administrative standpoint, coupled systems may become a single entity, or they may keep entirely separate accounts. As one expert on international interconnections has remarked, many technical, organizational, commercial and political problems have had to be solved to get large networks linked by international interconnections to operate. The greatest benefits of interconnection are usually derived from synchronous AC operation, but this can also entail greater reliability risks. In any synchronous network, disturbances in one location are quickly felt in other locations. After interconnecting, a system that used to be isolated from disturbances in a neighboring system is now vulnerable to those disturbances. Large-scale disturbances can propagate through interconnections and result in cascaded outages, bringing down systems that had
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previously been functioning normally. In addition, long-distance interconnections with long transmission lines have potentially greater stability problems than is the case for shorter lines. Community based micro-hydro power plant was originally designed as an off-grid system. The capacity of the power plant, number of beneficiary HHs, getting clearances for the establishment of power plant from relevant government authorities were designed accordingly. Connecting community-based micro-hydro schemes to the national grid was a new initiative and a series of initial discussions were conducted with key stakeholders for recognizing the issues associated with the grid interconnection of community based microhydro schemes. These issues can be broadly classified as technical, social, administrative and financial.
1.5.Issues of MHP Interconnection

1.5.1. Technical Issues There are no technical standards established for connecting micro hydro power plants to the national grid. There is a necessity to design a control system for micro hydro (less than 100 kW) grid interconnection as the existing control panels are for grid interconnection of higher capacity (above 200 kW) mini-hydro power plants. It is necessary to design a less expensive control panel for micro-hydro power. There are no standard safety measures introduced for on grid micro hydro plants. 1.5.2. Social Issues The off-grid micro-hydro power plant is owned by the community/Micro Hydro Functional Group (MHFG). When the MHP is connected to the grid, some additional households may get connected to the same feeder supplying the consumers of off-grid scheme. In this context there is an issue on the ownership of the plant. The later to be added consumers may not pay the subscription fee as they are not getting the electricity from the off-grid scheme at present. On the other hand the former consumers have contributed to establish the power plant at the initial stage and as such they feel they really have the ownership. Hence there may an uncertainty regarding the current ownership of the micro-hydro power plant. Due to these uncertainties, the members of Electricity Consumers do not trust each other and this may become an obstacle for initiating the grid interconnection process. The Micro Hydro functioning as voluntary organizations and are registered as the social organization. Therefore MHFG is not in a position to sign a power purchase agreement with the NEA as these are not recognized as commercial legal entities. This may become another issue which needs to be resolved before connecting the power plant to the national grid. 1.5.3. Administrative Issues The mechanism for issuing Provisional Approvals and Energy Permits by the NEA is designed for new projects. The construction work of such projects starts only after getting the Energy Permit and signing the Power Purchase Agreement with the NEA. However the micro-hydro power plants are already commissioned and were in operation for number of years. The PPA approving process was originally designed for larger schemes and the fees charged for such projects are very high. It is necessary to simplify the Energy Permit issuing process for connecting the community-based micro-hydro power plant to the national grid. There is also a difficulty for the micro-hydro power plants to meet the technical standards introduced by the NEA for the Mini hydro Generation License as the costs involved with meeting the technical standards is unaffordable to the smaller schemes.
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It is necessary to make a decision on issuing a generation license to community-based village micro-hydro power plants with appropriate (less stringent than those for bigger plants) technical standards as referred to control, protection and human safety point of view. 1.5.4. Financial Issues The community based systems are owned by the MHFG. They faced hardship in getting approvals and constructing the scheme. All approvals were given taking into account that the communities get benefit from the micro-hydro scheme. The only difficulty faced by the communities is they do not have adequate funds in their bank accounts for rehabilitation of the power plants. Micro hydro power plant is already established and operational. There is no serious risk involved with it barring few incidences like natural calamity etc. Hence it is possible to negotiate with banks and explore the possibilities of getting a loan to meeting the expenses relating to grid connection. The banks and other lending agencies are familiar with standalone micro-hydro schemes and grid connected mini-hydro power plants during the last 10 years. It is a well-known fact and there is no reason for the Banks not to finance micro-hydro grid connection projects after successful completion of the pilot projects.
1.6.MHP Interconnecting Schemes

There are two nodal governmental agencies developing hydropower potential in Nepal. Nepal Electrical Authority under the Ministry of Energy is mainly responsible for the generation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy all over the country. NEA generates electrical power from small, medium and large hydropower plants and connects to national grid for transmission to the load centre. On the other hand Alternative Energy Promotion Centre under the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment is responsible for the generation of electrical energy from Micro Hydro Power Plant to electrify the rural area. To solve the problems associated with isolated MHP it becomes necessary to make local grid like developed in Baglung District. Similarly, to solve the problems of MHPs becoming defunct/ redundant upon arrival of national grid it is imperative to connect MHP with National Grid. The main legal barrier for this is that, NEA is not responsible to import electricity from MHPs less than 100 kW capacities by connecting it with National Grid. Followings are the suggested interconnection schemes for MHP interconnection. 1.6.5. MHP Grater 100 kW Capacity
Micro Hydro Projects greater than 100kW capacity can be connected to the national grid as per the technical requirements set by Nepal Electricity Authority. Major protection schemes as per the connection agreement shall be applied at the plant. PPA and connection agreement shall be done between National Grid operator and Plant operator. Metering shall be done at high voltage INPS feeder. Such plant shall evacuate power to National Grid in two modes. Power plants with substantial local load (at LT side) These power plants will regularly operate in parallel with grid, but supply the requirements of local industry and other facility. The power plant and load when considered together may either be a net importer or net exporter of electrical energy from the grid. The functional characteristics of such plant shall be: The plants shall operate in four modes i.e. Supply to Grid only mode Isolated mode Combined mode
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Plant failure mode (load supplied by the grid) In case there is problem in local load the MHP can be operated to supply power to the grid. When there is fault in grid side, local load shall be met by operating the plant. The worse case can occur if local load demand exceeds the plant capacity, provision of load shedding shall be made to handle such problem. In the case of maintenance or forced shut down condition of the plant, the supply to local load shall be continued by importing the electricity from the grid. In combined mode of operation the import or export of electricity shall governed by the loading conditions and automatically balanced by the system.
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Table 1.1: Major Equipment required for this scheme S.N. A. 1 2 4 5 6 7 B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Description Quantity High Voltage Equipments Disconnecting Switch 1 Set Lightning Arrester 1 Set Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Protection (O/U 1 Set voltage relay& OC relay) kWh Meter 2 Pc Drop out Fuse 1 Set Transformer 1 Pc Low Voltage Equipments ELC AVR O/U Frequency Relay O/U Voltage Relay Reverse Power Relay Voltage Restrained O/C Relay Phase Unbalance Relay Over Current Relay Generator Earth fault Relay Main fail Relay Turbine shut down relay Inverter cum battery charger with 24 V Battery system, input 230V, Output 230V sine wave Air Circuit Breaker Moulded Case Circuit Breaker with shunt trip coil kW, kWh, PF, Frequency meter Ammeter & Voltmeter with selector switch Synchronizer with Synchronoscope and auto and manual selector switch kW, kWh, Ammeter & Voltmeter with selector switch(Can be managed with multifunctional meter) OC/ Relay (Optional) to activate shun trip 1 Set 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Set 1 Pc 2 Pc 1/1 Pc 1/1 Pc 1/1 Pc 1 Pc For load Feeder For Feeder Load Remarks
Main & Check 11/0.4 KV
For Generator
Power plants with minimal local loads These power plants are built to harness a source of energy. These power plants are typically connected to grid through a dedicated line. Typically there will be no other customer load between the grid substation and power plant. The generators of these power plants will always operate in parallel with the grid. There may be several plants with minimal local load which supplies the requirement of generating plant and associated residential colonies and drinking water system etc.
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Table 1.2: Major Equipment required for this scheme S.N. A. 1 2 4 5 6 7 B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Description High Voltage Equipments Disconnecting switch Lightning Arrester Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Protection with O/U voltage relay, OC relay kWh Meter Drop Out Fuse Transformer Low Voltage Equipments ELC AVR O/U Frequency Relay O/U Voltage Relay Reverse Power Relay Phase Unbalance relay Over Current Relay Generator Earth fault Relay Main fail Relay Turbine shut down relay Inverter cum battery charger with 24 V Battery system, Input 230V, Output 230V sine wave Air Circuit Breaker Moulded Case Circuit Breaker. kW, kWh, Frequency Meter, PF, Ammeter & Voltmeter with selector switch Synchronizer with Synchronoscope and auto and manual selector switch MHP less than 100 kW Capacity Quantity 1 Set 1 Set 1 Set 2 Pc 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Set 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc 1/1 Pc 1/1 Pc Main & Check 11/0.4 kV Remarks
For Generator
1.6.6.
For MHPs less than 100 kW capacities, it is recommended to form Local by connecting nearby MHPs to overcome the legal barrier raised by NEA of not connecting power less than 100 kW. Formation of Local grid shall create sizable amount of power generation for the connection with national grid. Separate connection schemes should be designed for these two cases i.e. Connection of MHPs with Local Grid and Connection of Local Grid to national Grid. Connection of Local Grid with National Grid In case of connection local grid to national grid major protection schemes shall be applied at the interface between local and national grid. Power purchase agreement and connection agreement is required. Main metering shall be done at the Point of Common Connection (PCC).
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Table 1.3: Major Equipment required for this scheme S.N. 1 2 4 5 6 Description Disconnecting Switch Lightning Arrester Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Protection (O/U voltage relay, OC relay) and metering (kW, kWh, PF, Voltmeter & Ammeter with selector switch) equipments Voltage vector Shift Relay/ROROFR Synchro-Check Relay kWh Meter Quantity Remarks 2 Set 2 Set 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc 2 Pc
Main & Check
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Connection of MHP with Local Grid If the MHP has its own dedicated load at low voltage, the following schemes shall be used for MHP connection with local grid;
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Table 1.4: Major Equipment required for this scheme S.N. A. 1 2 3 4 B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Description High Voltage Equipments Disconnecting Switch Lightning Arrester Drop Out Fuse Transformer Low Voltage Equipments ELC AVR O/U Frequency Relay O/U Voltage Relay Reverse Power Relay Voltage Restrained O/C Relay Phase Unbalance Relay Over Current Relay Generator Earth fault Relay Transformer Earth fault relay Main fail Relay Turbine shut down relay Inverter cum battery charger with 24 V Battery system, Input 230V, Output 230V sine wave ACB/Contactor Moulded Case Circuit Breaker with shunt trip coil kW, kWh, PF, Frequency meter Ammeter & Voltmeter with selector switch Synchronizer (Synchronoscope, Dual Frequency and Voltmeter, dark Lamp set, Differential Voltmeter etc) with auto and manual selector switch kW, kWh, Ammeter & Voltmeter with selector switch(Can be managed with multifunctional meter) Over current relay( Optional to activate shunt trip) Quantity Remarks 1 Set 1 Set 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Set 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Pc 1 Set 1 Pc 2 Pc 1/1 Pc 1 Set 1 Pc 1 Pc For load Feeder For load Feeder
11/0.4 KV
For Generator
Management of Mini Grid shall be somewhat complex than single MHP connected with Utility Grid. The followings shall be the possible modes of Local Grid Management:
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Option I: Whole system (connected MHP and Local Grid with the responsibility of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Power) will be managed by one entity. Option II: In this option, there are two operators one is local grid operator and the other is MHP operators. The local grid operator will receive or supply available power to the connected MHPs. The MHP operator will also be responsible to collect the tariff from the local consumer. Option III: This is the Independent Power Producer (IPP) model where each MHP will be responsible for the generation only and load management and dispatching will be controlled by the local grid operator.
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2. Panel Equipments
2.1.Control Panel
This specification covers the requirements of MHP interconnection Control panel. 2.1.1. Manufacture of the control panel shall be valid ISO 9001 certificate holder including Design or shall have well recognition in national or international level. 2.1.2. Panel shall provide adequate space for mounting control, protection system, measuring, indicating instruments and switchgear. It shall also provide sufficient space to arrange bus bar for synchronization. 2.1.3. The control panel shall display all the electrical parameters of the system. If possible, it shall not only display faults but also keep a record of faults. An emergency stop push button shall be provided to stop the generator during emergency. The set will be stopped in emergency mode or time delay mode according to the nature of faults. 2.1.4. An audible alarm shall be provided in the main panel to indicate alarming situation which needs to be acknowledged. 2.1.5. The modules and circuits in the panels shall be arranged so as to facilitate their operation and maintenance at the same time to ensure the necessary degree of safety as far as possible. 2.1.6. Provision shall be made for permanently earthing the frames and other metal parts of the switch gear by independent connections. 2.1.7. The wiring, insulation and spacing requirement of control panel equipments and dimensions of control panel shall meet national safety requirement. 2.1.8. It is recommended to install 2 or more control panels for MHP interconnection with the grid as per necessity. Synchronization Panel. Low Voltage control, protection and measurement (LVCPM) Panel. High Voltage instrumentation (HVI) panel. 2.1.9. The synchronizing panel shall provide housing space for all synchronizing equipment. Such panel shall contain LV bus bar arrangement for synchronization, low voltage feeder (if any) along with switching and measuring equipments. 2.1.10. The front side of LVCPM panel shall provide suitable space for all low voltage measuring and indicating instruments. Such panel shall contain low voltage switchgear, control, protection and DC supplying elements. 2.1.11. The HVI panel shall provide sufficient space of the installation of HV Metering and indication equipment. 2.1.12. There shall be provisions for micro switch operated lighting system inside the panel. 2.1.13. The panel shall consist of fan for cooling of power electronics equipments like power diode/thyristor/triac etc. 2.1.14. The bus bars shall be air insulated and made of high conductivity, electrolytic grade tinned copper or aluminum conductor. High tensile bolts, plate washer and spring washers shall be provided at all bus bar joints. 2.1.15. The main phase bus bars shall have ample size to be suitable to withstand dead short circuit and the neutral bus bars shall have a continuous rating of at least 50% of the phase bus bars. Bus bar support insulators shall have proper voltage rating and the support system shall also be able to withstand short circuit forces.
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2.1.16. The current carrying capacity of Bus bar should meet thermal criteria during abnormally high current flowing conditions. 2.1.17. Bus bars shall be color coded for easy identification of individual phases (Red, Yellow and Blue), neutral (Black) and protective earth (Green). 2.1.18. Apparatus forming part of the LT power control panels shall have the following minimum clearances: Between phases - 25 mm Between phases and neutral - 25 mm Between phases and earth - 25 mm Between neutral and earth - 25 mm 2.1.19. If for any reason, the above clearances are not available suitable insulation shall be provided.
2.2.Electrical Installation and Wiring

A good workmanship shall be maintained while carrying out the electrical installation within plant and control panel. The following points shall be considered while carrying out such works. 2.2.1. It should provide easy cleaning and checking facility without interrupting supply as much as possible. 2.2.2. All the equipments inside the plant shall be provided with over load/over current protection device such as MCCB, MCB, glass fuse as suited, HRC fuse (knife type, bolted type, D-type etc) as their importance of service. 2.2.3. Copper cables of appropriate size should be used in the power house wiring. 2.2.4. All the connection shall be tight enough to ensure good connection and to reduce possible sparking while subjecting from vibration. Such connection should be neatly attached to structural parts to prevent from accidental open circuit and short circuit. 2.2.5. Power cables should be multi stranded cable. To prevent cables from sharp edges cables glands made of brass or PVC should be used. 2.2.6. Size of cables shall be oversized by around 75 % in the power house. 2.2.7. Size of Switch, MCCB, Contactor shall be oversized around by 25 % more than the over current setting of relay. 2.2.8. Size of neutral conductor shall be same as that of phase conductor which connect ballast terminal from generator terminal via ELC, as ELC induces high neutral current. 2.2.9. All wiring shall be done to reduce the length of the conductor. The length of the cable shall be increased by some percentage depending upon the nature of equipment. 2.2.10. The wiring shall be complete in all respect so as to ensure proper functioning of control, protection and metering scheme. 2.2.11. All wiring shall be completed up to terminal blocks. 2.2.12. Control wiring shall be done with 2.5sq.mm (minimum), flexible PVC insulated copper conductor. The wire shall have a voltage grade of 600 V as per IEC. 2.2.13. Each controlled wire shall be identified as both ends with wire designation in accordance with the approved wiring diagram. Cable markers shall be used for cable identification.
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2.2.14. Not more than two wires shall be connected to any terminal at each end as far as possible. If necessary a number of terminals shall be jumpered together to provide additional wiring points. 2.2.15. Wires shall neatly bundle and adequately supported so as to prevent sagging strain on termination. Wires shall not be spliced or tapped between terminal points. 2.2.16. All fuses, MCB, MCCB shall be connected in phase wire. 2.2.17. All the wiring should be protected from water, mice, termite etc.
2.3.Battery and Inverter cum Battery Charger

This specification covers for the sealed maintenance free battery (SMF) and suitable inverter cum battery charger with input power of 230 V AC and output power of 230 V AC Sine Wave with battery backup of 24 V DC complete with all necessary equipment for efficient and trouble-free operation.
2.3.1.
Sealed Maintenance Free battery
2.3.1.1. Manufacturer of battery shall be holder of valid ISO 9001 Certificate. 2.3.1.2. The Sealed Maintenance free Battery shall be rated for supplying total DC load or auxiliary AC load of the station. The duration of the load shall be according to the requirement (Approximately 120 minutes). The total DC load or auxiliary AC load shall consist of the following: For the relaying purpose For the switching purpose For control system For various Indicators and alarm system LED based emergency lighting system or for other dedicated purpose
2.3.1.3. The Ampere hour rating of the battery shall be calculated by considering margin over the complete duty cycle so that the battery shall be capable of delivering the ultimate DC load of the station when the future switchgear and its protection panel will be installed in the same station. The recommended minimum capacity of the battery shall be 40 Ah. 2.3.1.4. 2.3.1.5. 2.3.1.6. 2.3.1.7. The minimum ambient temperature shall not be less than 5 deg. C. The minimum voltage at the end of the load cycle shall not be less than 1.75 volts per cell. The batteries shall be storage type. The cells shall be maintenance free Lead Acid type. Each cell shall be in a suitable leak proof container with sealed cover.
2.3.1.8. The batteries shall be furnished complete with battery interconnectors and a suitable rack protected with acid resistant paint. The arrangement of the rack shall be such as to allow easy access and adequate space for normal maintenance in battery compartment. 2.3.1.9. Rated life of each battery shall be at least four (4) years.
2.3.2.
Inverter cum Battery charger
2.3.2.1. The inverter cum battery charger shall be suitable for 230 volts +/-10%, 1-phase, 50Hz supply. 2.3.2.2. The inverter cum battery charger shall have fully automatic voltage regulation and electronic current limiting. 2.3.2.3. Cooling shall be by means of natural convection or fan cooling. Page | 16
2.3.2.4. 2.3.2.5.
The minimum rating of the battery charger shall not be less than 5 amperes. The inverter cum battery charger shall be housed in an enclosure with IP-30 protection.
2.3.2.6. The inverter cum battery charger shall recharge the completely discharged battery to full capacity in 9 hours. 2.3.2.7. The inverter cum battery charger manufacturer shall be holder of valid ISO 9001 certificate or shall have well recognition in national or international level.
2.3.2.8.Tests
Test of the inverter cum battery charger and battery shall be done at the site after installation of the system. The test shall include following tests: (a) General inspection (b) Leakage test of battery (c) Performance test of the system (d) Output Voltage, frequency and wave form test of the inverter (e) Load test
Table 2.1: Technical Parameters of Inverter cum Battery Charger S.N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Parameters Type Supply Source Voltage Supply Source voltage Variation Supply Voltage frequency Charger Capacity Battery Voltage of Inverter Output Voltage of Inverter Capacity of the Inverter Maximum Battery voltage Minimum battery Voltage Maximum Depth of discharge Maximum temperature of Battery Enclosure Protection Mounting Arrangement Description Solid state electronic type suitable for sealed maintenance free battery 1-phase, 230 V +/-10 % 50 Hz Min. 5 Amp 24 V DC 1-phase, 230 V sine wave, 50 Hz Min. 800 VA 29.4 V 20.4 V 20% 440 C IP-30 as per IEC As per panel
2.4.Electronic Load controller

These specifications cover the requirements of Load controller used for the MHP interconnection with Local Grid and National Grid. 2.4.1. Manufacture of the ELC shall be holder the valid ISO 9001 certificate including Design or shall have well recognition in national or international level. 2.4.2. ELC shall be capable to operate in all parts of Nepal regarding geographical as well as climatic conditions without affecting operation. 2.4.3. ELC shall have microprocessor/microcontroller/PLC/Analog or Digital Electronic Circuit based design. 2.4.4. In isolated mode it shall operate in constant frequency controlled mode or shall achieve frequency regulation of +/- 2.5 % of 50 Hz.
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2.4.5. The full load rejection frequency stabilization of ELC shall be less than 0.5 sec. 2.4.6. Error response time shall be less than 0.05 Sec. 2.4.7. In Local Grid connected mode it shall control the active power injected to Local Grid in proportion to the active power generation of each MHP station. For this, ELC shall be incorporated with frequency/speed droop characteristics. 2.4.8. All the plant operating parallel in Mini Grid mode should have same speed droop characteristics so that they share the load in proportion to their respective kW generation. For this the variation of frequency must within 2.5% of standard frequency. 2.4.9. Adequate provisions for adjusting speed droop (0-10%) shall be provided with ELC to operate in Local Grid mode. 2.4.10. While in National grid connected mode, the frequency of whole system is governed by that of the large system so there is no any role of ELC. Hence automatic mechanism for disconnection of ELC after synchronization shall be incorporated within ELC. 2.4.11. It is necessary to incorporate some mechanism within ELC when the plant is disconnected from National Grid it should operate in isolated mode without exceeding standard frequency variation. 2.4.12. If case 2.4.10 could not be achieve an external relay i.e. ELC off relay shall be used to deactivate the ELC during National Grid connected mode of operation. 2.4.13. ELC may have auto Grid tracking mechanism for synchronism. 2.4.14. ELC may have suitable data transfer port for PLC/ SCADA interface. 2.4.15. ELC may have multichannel design and switching pattern for stability and low harmonics. 2.4.16. Neutral Current of Generator on full ballast load (no user load) should not to exceed 10% of total current. 2.4.17. The ballast shall be 230 V, water cooled, size more than 20% larger than kW capacity of Plant. 2.4.18. Testing of ELC Following tests shall be done after installation of ELC at site Frequency regulation from no load to full load condition in isolated mode Frequency regulation during Local Grid connected mode Operation during National Grid connected mode Frequency stability Frequency Droop characteristic Harmonics Monitoring Description Multichannel, Programmable, Analog/Digital, Microcontroller/Microprocessor based 230 V AC 10% (L-N)) Remarks
Table 2.2: Technical Parameters of Electronic Load Controller S.N. Parameters 1 Type 2 3 4
Input Sensing Voltage (Generator) Input Voltage for 230 V AC 10% (L-N)) frequency Sensing (Grid) Input Frequency 50 Hz
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Input Power Frequency Regulation Response time Frequency stability time for full load rejection Stability Adjustment
230V AC +/- 10%, 50 Hz < +/- 2.5% of 50Hz Less than 50 milli seconds < 0.5 Sec
12 13 14
15 16 17 18
19
Adjustable to get steady state stability and good transient response. Droop adjustment For Local 0-10% frequency Droop Grid Mode Auxiliary input Optional Digital Inputs for Sync Enable, Grid Mode, Circuit Breaker Feedback and Parallel/ Isolation Mode Operating Temperature - 20 C to+70 C Storage Temperature - 40 C to 80 C Protection on Devise Suitable R-C Snubber to be provided for the device used to protect this from surge. Total Harmonic Low Distortion % Optional Frequency Control for Auto Grid Tracking Mechanism synchronization Ballast size >120 % of plant capacity, 230 V Generator Neutral <10 % of total full load current current at full Ballast Load Output for external 4-20 mA output and Rs485 or Optional interface equivalent
2.5.Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

These specifications cover the requirements of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) used for the MHP interconnection with Local Grid and with National Grid. 2.5.1. Manufacture of the AVR shall be holder the valid ISO 9001 certificate including Design or shall have well recognition in national or international level. 2.5.2. AVR shall be capable to operate in all parts of Nepal regarding geographical as well as climatic conditions without affecting its operation. 2.5.3. In isolated mode it shall operate in voltage controlled mode. It shall achieve the voltage regulation of +/- 2.5 % of 400 V from no load to full load condition. 2.5.4. In Local Grid connected mode of operation, it shall control the reactive power injected to Local Grid in proportion to the kVA rating of the Generator. For this AVR shall be incorporated with Voltage/reactive droop characteristics. 2.5.5. All the plant operating parallel in Mini Grid mode should have same voltage droop characteristics so that they share the reactive load in proportion to their respective kVA rating.
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2.5.6. Adequate provisions for adjusting reactive voltage droop (0-10%) should be provided for the operation in Local/National Grid mode. 2.5.7. AVR shall have fine grid voltage tracking characteristics for synchronization. Manual excitation control could be provided with excitation limit so that terminal voltage and reactive power can be controlled in isolated and Local/National Grid mode of operation respectively. 2.5.8. Before synchronizing the machine, voltage control mode is required and after connected with National grid change over from voltage controlled to power factor control mode is required. So the AVR should have a provision of automatic changeover from voltage control to power factor control mode. 2.5.9. AVR shall be equipped with power factor regulator to operate the generator at constant power factor in National grid connected mode of operation. 2.5.10. The power factor regulator shall have power factor setting from 0.8 lag to 1. 2.5.11. Maximum and minimum excitation voltage and current of AVR shall be designed according to the specification of generator e.g. Exciter rated voltage and current. 2.5.12. The AVR should have frequency roll off characteristic 2.5.13. Testing of AVR: Following tests shall be done after installation of AVR at site S.N. 1 2 Voltage setting Voltage built up Stability setting Frequency setting Droop setting Voltage regulation APFR control mode of operation Check the frequency roll off characteristic Description 415 V AC 10% (Line to Line -/5A CT Class 1 on W phase Remarks AVR should senses true average of line to line waveform.
Table 2.3: Technical Parameters of AVR Parameters Input Sensing Voltage Input Sensing Current
3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Input Frequency Input Power Output Voltage Output Current Voltage Regulation Voltage Variation Response time Thermal Drift Closed Loop Response Stability Adjustment
50 Hz 240V AC rms +/- 10%, 50 Hz Max. 94V DC at 240V AC Input Max 6A DC Continuous < +- 0.8% at AVR Terminals Min +-12% of rated Voltage Less than 50 milli seconds < 1% for 30 C change in Ambient. Typically < 0.5sec to recover to 98% of the set voltage for a field Adjustable to get steady state stability and good transient response.
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14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
External adjustment
25
10% of set terminal voltage.( keep internal pot Max i.e, fully Droop adjustment For Mini 4% Droop for 5Amps from "W" phase. Grid Mode Auxillary input A1, A2, 4.5V DC will give change in terminal voltage by 15%. Under Frequency Available below 46Hz for 50Hz Protection Over excitation protection 60 V D Set point Sense loss protection Protects when sensing line open. Fuse for Protection 6 Amps, 240 volts AC. Operating Temperature - 20 C to+70 C Storage Temperature - 40 C to 80 C Protection on Devise Suitable R-C Snubber to be provided for the device used to protect this from surge. AVR Test certificate to be Static test, Voltage variation check, Build up furnished with supply test, FRO check, QDC check, Remote voltage/pot check, DC input voltage check. Potting /Encapsulation The components on the AVR should be Detail completely encapsulated with suitable PU resin compound to absorb transients/ vibrations While in operation.
Voltage
Table 2.4: Technical Parameters of APFR S.NS.NS.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Parameters Input Sensing Voltage Input Sensing Current Input Power Output power (Voltage) Settable Gain Control Voltage Ceiling Adjustable Circuit Breaker closed command Indication PF Setting Digital reading of PF on Unit Description 400 V AC 10% (Line to Line) -/5A CT Class 1 on W phase 240V AC rms +/- 10%, 50 Hz Adjustable according to AVR used Via POT or Reference 30-100%, Via pot or Ref input N/O or N/C contact Unit working, Voltage Ceiling reached Via POT or Reference LCD or LED Display Remarks
2.6.Synchronizing check relay

These specifications cover the requirements of synchronizing relay used for synchronization of MHP with Mini Grid or utility Grid. 2.6.1. Manufacture of this relay shall be holder the valid ISO 9001 certificate including Design or shall have well recognition in national or international level.
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2.6.2. Synchronizing check relay shall be capable to operate in all parts of Nepal regarding geographical as well as climatic conditions without excessive temperature rise. 2.6.3. It shall show the current status of three electrical parameter which must be matched for synchronization i.e. phase angle, voltage and frequency of both systems. 2.6.4. It shall permit the operators to make synchronization in both automatic and manual mode. It is recommended to make connection in automatic mode which has fair high degree of accuracy causing lesser system disturbance. 2.6.5. It may or may not include voltage and speed control mechanism. 2.6.6. A sync-check relay should permits the paralleling of two circuits which electrical parameters( Phase , Frequency and Voltage) shall within the limits of : Frequency difference less than 0.3 Hz. Magnitude of voltage difference less than 10 percent. Phase angle difference less than 20 degrees.
2.7.Air circuit Breaker

This specification covers the requirements of Air Circuit Breaker suitable for use in MHP connection with Grid. 2.7.1. Manufacturer of 690 V ACB shall be ISO 9001 holder (including design) company. 2.7.2. It shall be 690 V, indoor switchgear, complete in all respects with all equipment fittings and accessories for efficient for efficient and trouble- free repetitive operation 2.7.3. The circuit breaker shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with IEC 60947 or latest revision, or an equivalent national standard and shall be suitable for connection to 400/230 volt, 3 -phase, 4 wire and circuit. 2.7.4. The circuit breakers shall be suitable for mounting in indoor control panels and each breaker shall be furnished complete with one (1) set of bolt fastenings, complete with nuts and lock washers of the correct diameter for the mounting hole. 2.7.5. For the plant of capacity less than 50 kW AC contactor shall also be used in place of Air circuit breaker. Table 2.5: Technical Parameters of Air Circuit Breaker S.N 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 5 6 7 8 9 Description Applicable standards Type Rated Voltage Nominal Rated Rated Current Continuous at 40 degree ambient breaker rating Rated shrot time withstand current For 1 Sec Fro 3 Sec Frequency Rated short circuit Braking Current Rated Short circuit Making Current Closing Time Braking Time Unit V V A A kA kA Hz kA kA ms ms Requirements IEC 3-Phase, Indoor 690 1000 600 600 50 36 50 50 105 70 30
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10 11 12 12.1 12.2 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14
Operating voltage range Tripping Impulse withstand Voltage Operating mechanism Type Operating Voltage for &Tripping Protection system Under voltage Shunt trip Earth fault Over current ISO 9001/2 Mechanical Dimensions Approximately (L*W*H)
Closing, % of rated voltage kV Closing VCD
85-110% 70-110% 12 Spring Operated 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
mm
500 480 520
Table 2.6: Technical Parameter of AC Contactor S.N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Description Type Normal operating Voltage Pick up voltage Drop out Voltage Rated Current Normal Operating coil Voltage Operating Coil Frequency Mechanical life Maximum AC3 operation per Hour AC3 Electrical Life Maximum AC3 Operation Per Hour AC4 Operation life Operational Altitude Operational Position Pollution Operating Temperature Mounting Arrangement Unit V V V A V Hz Requirements 3-Phase, Indoor 400 V 190 to 250 V >190 V As required 230 V 50 Hz 6*106 Operations 1200 1*106Operations 150 1*104 Operations >200 +/-22.5 relative to mounting position 3
m degree degree
Celsius -5 to 40 Degree Celsius Panel Mounting
2.8.Moulded Case Circuit Breaker

2.8.1. The MCCBs must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001. (Including design). 2.8.2. The circuit breaker shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with IEC 60947 or latest revision, or an equivalent national standard and shall be suitable for connection to 400/230 volt, 3 -phase, 4 wire and un-grounded circuits. 2.8.3. The circuit breakers shall be rated in accordance with the parameters shown in Table 2.7. 2.8.4. The circuit breakers shall be completely enclosed in a moulded case and shall be factory sealed. The circuit breaker shall have a quick make, quick break, over
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current switching mechanism that is mechanically trip-free for simultaneous tripping of all poles. Tripping due to overload or short circuit shall be clearly indicated by the position of the handle. The ON and OFF positions shall be clearly marked on the breaker case. 2.8.5. The circuit breaker shall be of inverse time and instantaneous trip type. The trip device shall be of thermal-magnetic or static release type. 2.8.6. The circuit breaker shall be provided with terminal connection of the screw-type or bus bar type. For circuit breakers with bus bar connection certain additional hardware shall be furnished with each circuit breaker. 2.8.7. The circuit breakers shall be suitable for mounting in indoor / outdoor distribution panels and each breaker shall be furnished complete with one (1) set of bolt fastenings, complete with nuts and lock washers of the correct diameter for the mounting hole and of a length equal to the depth of the circuit breaker body plus approximately two (2) centimeters. 2.8.8. The circuit breakers shall have line load reversibility feature. Table 2.7: Technical Parameters of MCCB S.N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Parameters Rated Voltage Number of Poles Ampere Ratings Interrupting Capability Breaker rating: Description 600 Volt 3 As per requirement (IEC category P2) 50 to 100 Amp: 25 KA minimum (Ics) 100 to 300 Amps: 35 KA minimum (Ics)
Impulse withstand voltage, KV 8 Operating Voltage for Shunt 24 V,230 V, 50 Hz AC trip coil
2.8.9. Breaker rated 50 Amperes through 200 amperes shall be furnished with thermal magnetic or static trip. 2.8.10.Breaker rated 300 Amperes through 500 amperes shall be furnished with Thermal adjustable magnetic or static trip. 2.8.11.Breaker rated 50 to 100 Amperes shall accept conductors ranging from 15 mm2 to 50 mm2. 2.8.12.Breaker rated 160 to 300 amperes shall accept conductors ranging from 15 mm 2 to 125 mm2. 2.8.13.Breakers rated 160 and 300 amperes shall possess bus bar-type terminals. Table 2.8: Circuit breakers w/bus-bar terminal S.N. Breaker rating 1 160 AMPERES 2 300 AMPERE Additional hardware to be furnished with each breaker each 1-hole compression terminal for 75 mm square conductor 3 each 1-hole compression terminal for 150 mm square conductor
Notes: All conductors will be stranded Aluminum.

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All breaker terminals, compression terminals, compression terminals, stacking spacers, and bolting shall be compatible with Aluminum conductors.
2.9.Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

2.9.1. The MCBs must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001 (including design). 2.9.2. The circuit breaker shall be manually operated with trip free operating mechanism of the quick make, quick break type with de- ionizing type arc chutes, a thermal and an instantaneous magnetic release, unless otherwise specified. 2.9.3. The CB shall confirm IEC 899-1995 or equivalent national standard. 2.9.4. Multi pole CB shall be considered within a common moulded case of high mechanical strength. All poles of such CB shall be operated simultaneously by a common operating lever. Clear indication shall be given each CB to show whether it is in the closed, opened or tripped. 2.9.5. CB shall be suitable for use in 400/230V AC system and shall have a minimum breaking capacity of 10 KA. 2.9.6. CB for single Phase connection shall be of single pole type. 2.9.7. CB for three phase 4 wire connection shall be of triple pole type. 2.9.8. CBs shall be suitable for operation in the following conditions: Ambient temperature up to 50 C Altitude up to 2000 m above MSL Relative humidity up to 95 % 2.9.9. The terminal screws are recessed to avoid t any unpleasant accidents. The terminals are finger safe to IP 20 degree of protection. 2.9.10.Tests shall be carried out as per the requirements laid out in the governing standards. Table 2.9: Technical Parameters of Miniature Circuit Breaker (Single Pole)
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3. Metering
3.1.HV Measurement
Separate meters shall be provided for the record of energy exchange and for general purpose. 3.1.1. Metering for power exchange with grid 3.1.2. To measure import or export of energy between User and Owner's system. Bidirectional Energy Meters (Main and Check Meters) shall be installed at the point of Connection. The Main and Check Energy Meters shall be able to record the followings electrical parameters: Voltage (kV) Current (A) Power Factor (Lead and Lag) Frequency (Hz) kW kWh kVARr (Lead or Lag) 3.1.3. Bi-directional Meters shall be installed at the Connection Point before the vacuum circuit breaker. If this is not possible, a procedure shall be established to adjust the energy loss between the Metering Point and the Connection Point. The location of the Metering Point and the procedure for adjustment of loss, if necessary. 3.1.4. Voltage Transformer The minimum standard of accuracy of the voltage transformer shall conform to the latest relevant IEC Standard and be as follows The accuracy shall be 0.5% The neutrals of the voltage transformer shall be solidly grounded and the secondary shall be suitable for a 3-phase, 4-wire Y-connection. The rated secondary voltage of the voltage transformer shall be 110 volts The secondary burden of voltage transformer shall be maintained between 25% and 100% of rated values. The Check Meter shall be supplied from a secondary core separate from the one feeding supply to the main Meter. 3.1.5. Current Transformer The minimum standard of accuracy of the current transformer shall conform to the latest relevant IEC Standard and be as follows: The accuracy shall be 0.5% The rated secondary current of the current transformer shall be one/five ampere. The secondary burden of the current transformer shall be maintained between 25% and 100% of rated values. The Check Meter shall be supplied from a secondary core separate from the one feeding supply to the Main Meter. 3.1.6. Main and Check meters shall be of three-element, 3-phase, 4-wire, Wye-connection, bi-directional digital type, having facility for local and remote communication. The transmission medium may be of any type but shall be free of data loss during transmission. The minimum standard of accuracy of Meters shall comply with the latest IEC standards and be as follows: The accuracy shall be 0.2
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The burden of meters shall be maintained between 25% and 100% of rated values. 3.1.7. The meter shall display kW and cumulative Demand, kWh, kVA, kVAh and kVARh with the features of adjustable time-of-use, maintenance records, recordable load profile, pulse output, and down loading facilities in local and remote mode. The load profile data up to at least six channels shall be recorded for at least 65 days with half an hour interval. 3.1.8. A cumulative record of the parameters measured shall be available on the meter. The loss of auxiliary supply to the meter shall not erase these records. Separate record shall be provided for each measured quantity and direction. The meter shall have super capacitor for memory storage in addition to internal battery. 3.1.9. All metering systems shall be capable of electronic data transfer through dedicated telephones or the Grid Owner's communication channels. 3.1.10.Metering for general purpose: 3.1.11.Separate panel mounted metering system shall be used to analyzes the current behavior of the instantaneous system. 3.1.12.The accuracy of such metering system should be such that they shall provide sufficient accurate data for general purpose requirement. 3.1.13.The range and type of such meters shall be select according to the requirement. 3.1.14.The general purpose meters may include. 1 No. , Voltmeter, Analog or Digital type with selector switch which shows the instantaneous rms value of 11 kV INPS feeder Line Voltage in kV. 1 No, Ammeters, Analog of Digital type with selector switch which shows instantaneous rms values of line current of INPS feeder in Ampere. 1 No, Power factor meter, 3 phase 4 wire shows the power factor between current and voltage in INPS feeder. 1 No., 3 phase 4 wire kW meter shows the average kW power flow in INPS feeder. 1 No., 3 phase 4 wire kVAR meter shows the average kVAR power flow in INPS feeder.
3.2.Low Voltage Measurement

3.2.1. The generating panel shall be equipped with following metering equipments. The accuracy class and type of such equipment shall meet for the general purpose requirement. All of these meters connected after ballast load and shall be mounted on low voltage panel board. 1 No. of Voltmeter with selector switch to show generator line voltage. 1 No. of Ammeter with selector switch to show generator line current. 1 No of Power factor meter to show the generator power factor. 1 No of DC voltmeter to show the generator excitation Voltage. 1 No. of DC Ammeter to show the generator excitation Current. 1 No of DC Voltmeter to show the DC Voltage of Batteries. 1 No. of DC Ammeter to show the DC current supplied by Batteries. 1 No of Frequency meter to show the frequency of generated voltage.
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1 No of 3 phase 4 wire kW meter to show the active power supplied by generator. 1 No of 3 phase 4 wire kWh meter to show the cumulative energy generated by generator. Hour meter to show the operational hour of generator. 3 Nos. of ballast voltmeter to show the ballast load voltage.
The designer shall omit the listed or adds the additional equipment according to the requirement. 3.2.2. Low voltage Load feeder (if any) shall be equipped with following metering equipments. 1 No. of Voltmeter with selector switch to show load voltage (L-L). 1 No. of Ammeter with selector switch to show load line current. 1 No. of Power factor meter to show load power factor. 1 No. of Frequency meter to show frequency of supplied voltage. 1 No. of 3 phase 4 wire kW meter to show the active power supplied to the load. 1 No. of 3 phase 4 wire kWh meter to show the cumulative energy consumed by load. The designer shall omit the listed or adds the additional equipment according to requirement.
3.2.3. Synchronizing panel shall be equipped with following measuring equipment. Such meters shall be energized during the synchronizing period only. 2 No. of frequency meter to show the frequency of generator and Grid signal or Dual frequency meter 2 No. of Voltmeter to show the Voltage (Line any two phase) of Generator and Grid signal or Dual frequency meter 1 No. of differential voltmeter to show the differential voltage of Generator and Grid signal
3.3.Indicators
3.3.1. Panel mounted indicating equipments shall be used for MHP interconnection as: 3 No. of lamps, for R, Y & B phases at Generator terminal. 3 No. of lamps, for R, Y & B phases at Grid terminal. 3 No. of lamps, for R, Y & B phases at Load terminal. Generator breaker ON/OFF indicator. Main breaker (VCB) ON/OFF indicator. 2 No. of dark lamp for phase sequence check during synchronization. Sychronoscope to show three parameters i.e. Phase angle, Voltage and Frequency of Generator and Grid signal in any appropriate way. DC supply ON/OFF indicator.
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Electronic Hooter to give warning sound during abnormal conditions.
3.3.2. Annunciater to display the nature of fault & various abnormal conditions e.g. Over/Under frequency trip Over/Under Voltage trip. Reverse power trip. Phase unbalance trip. Grid system Over/Under voltage trip. Short circuit trip. Main fall trip. 51V trip. Generator earth fault trip. Transformer earth fault trip.
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4. Protection
4.1.Protection Co-Ordination
The primary function of the electrical protection system is to maintain the quality of supply, prevent the equipment and manpower destruction. Following points shall be considered while designing the control and protection scheme for MHP interconnection. 4.1.1. The interconnection system must include protection that prevents energization of the area of utility grid when it is de-energized. 4.1.2. The interconnection system must be able to detect faults in the area of utility grid, local distribution system and isolate the generator from the system. 4.1.3. The interconnection system must be coordinated with any recloser of utility grid without synchronization. 4.1.4. The system shall normally be attended and operation shall be automatic and manual control. 4.1.5. Normally closing of circuit breaker (VCB) shall be manual operation. 4.1.6. Local control facilities adjacent to the equipment shall be provided for maintenance, inspection and emergency operation. 4.1.7. The control system shall be designed to satisfied following conditions: 4.1.7.1. Automatic/ manual start and stop operating mechanism of 11kV VCB and low voltage ACB in normal operating condition. 4.1.7.2. Automatic/manual tripping of 11 kV VCB if Fault occurs in the Utility Grid side. Fault occurs in Mini Grid side, LV side. If the voltage of the whole system falls below the acceptable level. In case of Utility/Main Grid fall.
4.1.7.3. Automatic/manual tripping of ACB/Contactor (along with the turbine shut down if necessary) isolating generator from the system in the following cases: Generator over/ under speed Generator over/ under voltage Generator over current Generator phase unbalance Utility Grid fall Generator reverse power Generator earth fault Fake synchronization
4.1.7.4. Automatic/manual tripping of VCB and ACB/Contactor in case of transformer fault. 4.1.7.5. Automatic/manual braking of local load feeder in case of fault in that feeder. 4.1.7.6. Automatic tripping of LV MCCB, MCB if faults occur in protected lines equipments or circuits.
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4.1.7.7. Automatically blowing of fuses if current flowing in the circuit exceeds the rated value. 4.1.7.8. The control system shall be arranged in such way that it is possible to change between local automatic and local manual control any time. 4.1.7.9. Solid state modular equipments shall be used wherever possible. 4.1.7.10. The designs shall be in general conformity with the single line diagrams and layout drawings accompanying this specification. Under manual control the individual operations shall each be subject to safety interlocks being satisfied. 4.1.7.11. The control scheme shall be operationally simple, safe, easy to maintain and functionally consistent. 4.1.7.12. Each module shall have sufficient test points to felicitate fault finding, Control circuits shall be brought out to isolating terminals to permit efficient trouble shooting. 4.1.7.13. Each cubicle shall be provided with a sufficient point annunciator to identify an alarm condition, including audible alarm, test, acknowledge and reset push buttons. 4.1.7.14. The design shall be such that as to avoid nuisance alarms and shall block those devices which assume alarm conditions when the equipment is under shutdown. Annunciator windows shall be engraved with identification of the alarm condition. 4.1.7.15. There shall be proper time co-ordination between relays.
4.2.Instrument transformer
Instrument transformer shall be suitable for 11 kV, 50 Hz, 3 phase with neutral solidly grounded system. The instrument transformer shall be oil-filled construction and shall be designed for outdoor service and suitable for vertical mounting. 4.2.1. Current transformer
The 12 kV switchgears shall include Current Transformer for protection as specified. 4.2.1.1. The CT shall be Epoxy Resign insulated block type Current transformer as follows:
4.2.1.2. The current transformer shall comply with the requirements of BS 3938 and IEC 185 shall confirm to the specified insulation requirements and shall withstand without damage the applicable short-circuit current specified.
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4.2.1.3. Maximum temperature rise at rated primary current shall not exceed 50 degree centigrade. 4.2.1.4. The accuracy classes for protection shall not be less than 5P20. Burden and accuracy class shall be adequate to ensure correct operation of associated protective devices and instruments. 4.2.1.5. Each set of Secondary windings shall be wired to suitable terminal blocks and earthed at the first control or relay panel to which they are connected. 4.2.1.6. CT shall be tested in accordance with BS 3938 and IEC 185 and shall include the following Routine test: Verification of terminal marking of polarity etc. Power frequency test on primary windings. Power frequency test on secondary windings. Overvoltage inter-turn tests. 4.2.2. Potential transformer: 4.2.2.1. The Potential transformer shall be Epoxy Resin insulated block type. 4.2.2.2. The rated burden for each winding shall be 100 VA and accuracy class 3P for protection. 4.2.2.3. The 11 kV switchgear shall include Voltage Transformers having specification as follows: Table 4.1: Transformer Specification S.N. Description 1 Type 2 3 4 5 6 Basic impulse level Primary voltage Secondary Circuit Rated burden Accuracy Class Specifications Epoxy-resin insulated, single pole with 7.3 A primary side fuses 75 KV 11/1.732 kV 110/1.732 V 100VA 3P
4.2.2.4. The voltage transformer shall comply with the requirements of BS 3941 and IEC 186. 4.2.2.5. The PT and their fuses shall meet the specified insulation requirements and have a rated primary side of 11 kV with knee of saturation curve not lower than 12 kV and as specified. 4.2.2.6. The PT shall be provided with high rupturing capacity (HRC) fuses for primary and secondary circuits. The fuses shall be rated for the short circuit level as specified. 4.2.2.7. The PT shall be insulated at the suitable place in the incoming Circuit Breaker. 4.2.2.8. The Voltage transformer shall be in accordance with BS3941 and IEC and shall include following routine tests: Verification of terminal markings. High voltage power frequency withstand test on primary windings. High voltage Power frequency withstand test on secondary windings.
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4.3.Protection Relays
Test for accuracy.
The selection of particular protection and relaying scheme is mainly depends on the system size and configuration. However following are the generally adopted relaying scheme for the MHP interconnection. Manufacture of the Relay shall be holder the valid ISO 9001 certificate including Design or shall have well recognition in national or international level. Relay shall be capable to operate in all parts of Nepal regarding geographical as well as climatic conditions without affecting its operation. Relay shall be semiconductor based static or microprocessor/microcontroller based Digital or response based mechanical type. It shall better to use static/digital relay than mechanical relay. Relay shall have sufficient adjusting facilities for tripping parameters. Relay shall have facility to configure it setting mode, active (fault searching) mode and inactive mode if required. Static/ Digital relay shall display the value of tripping parameters if required. Separate module for each relay shall be provided. The burden of relay shall be low as much as possible. Relays shall have solid state construction and are suitable for panel installation. Relays shall have filters for harmonics current and operates in fundamental frequency only. Relays shall have push SELECTION buttons for the menu selection and parameters scrolling. Relay shall have SET push buttons for parameters setting. Relay shall have ENTER push buttons for confirming new settings. Relay shall have mode indicator. Relays shall have power indicator indicates that all the supply voltage of the system are in order. Relays shall be suitable for operation within -20 to 700 Centigrade and height bleow 2500 meter from MSL. Relays should be suitable for panel mounting arrangement.
4.4.HT Protection Relays

4.4.1. Over current relay Such relay shall trip the VCB in the following conditions: Failure of Utility Grid. Fault in Utility grid area. Fault in plant or Local grid area.
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Table 4.2: Specification of over current relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4.4.2. Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current No of Phase Frequency Delay Range Over/Under voltage relay: Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/ microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through External CT 3 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0-100%
Such relay shall trip the VCB if the voltage of whole system rises or lowers within acceptable limits. Table 4.3: Specification of Over/Under voltage relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing signal No of Phase Frequency Delay Range Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/ microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 0-110 V through External PT 3 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0 100 %
4.5.Protection of Generator
Following relay shall trip the Generator ACB/Contactor isolating the generator from the system. 4.5.1. Over/Under voltage relay Under/overvoltage (27/59) relay shall be used for the protection against abnormal voltages. A device that operates when its input voltage is less than a predetermined value is under voltage relay (27). A device that operates when its input voltage exceeds a predetermined value is over voltage relay (59). Three phase under / over relay having adjustable setting shall isolate the generator during such instant in accordance with the following tables: Table 4.4: Specification of Over/Under voltage relay S.N. Parameters 1 Type 2 3 4 5 6 Auxiliary supply Input sensing Voltage No of Phase Frequency Delay Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 0 to 500 V 3 50 Hz 0-10
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Range 4.5.2.
0- 500 V
Over/Under frequency relay
Under/over frequency relay (81 U/O is a device that responds to the frequency of an electrical quantity and operates when the frequency exceeds or is less than a predetermined value. Over under frequency relay with adjustable time delay setting should be provided. Over under frequency are generally results from full or partial load rejection or from overloading of Generators. Full or partial load rejection may be caused by clearing of system faults or over shedding of load during a major system disturbance. Load rejection will cause the generator to over speed and operate at some higher frequency above the normal. Over speed results in overvoltage and increase in system frequency. Overloading of generator may cause variety of system disturbances. System disturbances cause by major loss of generation which produces system separation and severe overloading on the remaining system generators. Under system the system will decay and generators may be subjected to prorogated operation at reduced frequency. Over/ under frequency relay shall isolate generator and are covered according to IEEE Std. C37.102-1995. Table 4.5: Specification of Over/Under frequency relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 6 7 4.5.3. Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing voltage No of Phase Delay Range Over Current Relay Description Programmable, microprocessor/microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 0-250 V 1 0-10 sec 0-100 Hz Digital
Phase over current relay (51) is device that functions when the ac input current exceeds a predetermined value, in which the input current and operating time are inversely related through a substantial portion of the performance range. Three phase with adjustable current and time delay setting relay should be used to isolate the generator during abnormal over current condition. Excessive current in the cabling due to faults such as short circuit or Overloads may damage the generator windings and cable also which may cause risk of fire also. Proper protection in the form of MCB (miniature circuit breaker) and MCCB (moulded case circuit breaker) placed as close as possible to the generator terminal shall be provided. The maximum setting of over current relay shall be no more than 10 % above the generator current rating. Table 4.6: Specification of over current relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.5.4. 7 Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current No of Phase Frequency Delay Range Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through External CT 3 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0-100%
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4.5.5.
Voltage-restrained over current relay
An over current relay that changes its sensitivity based on varying voltage levels shall be provided. Three phase 51V having preset setting parameters with adjustable time delay setting shall be provided to isolate the generator from supply during distant fault condition. Table 4.7: Voltage-restrained over current relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4.5.6. Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current Input sensing Voltage No of Phase Frequency Delay Reverse power Relay Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/ microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through External CT 230V (L-N) for each phase 3 50 Hz 0-10 sec
Reverse power relay (32) is a device that should operates on a predetermined value of power flow in a given direction. Reverse power protection with adjustable time delay setting is recommended to avoid continuous motering of the plant and related loss of energy. Possible reasons of reverse power flow are rupture of belt, lack of water etc. Reverse power protection shall isolate generator from the system. Reverse power relay should applied with time delay. Up to 30 second time delay could be used to prevent operation during power swing caused by disturbances or when synchronizing the machine to the system. Table 4.8: Specification of Reverse power Relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.5.7. Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current Input sensing Voltage No of Phase Frequency Delay Range Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through External CT 0-250 V 1 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0-5 Ampere
Phase Unbalance Relay:
Unbalance three phase current has negative phase sequence component which rotate at synchronous speed in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotation of the rotor. So double frequency current is induced in the rotor, this cause overheating of rotor and may possibly damage the rotor. Unbalance phase current are caused by fault or broken of transmission or distribution lines etc. So three phase unbalance relay should be provided with adjustable setting for current and delay time. It shall isolate the generator from the system.
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4.5.8.
Generator earth fault Relay:
Generator earth fault mainly occurs due to insulation failure of the stator coils. Phase to earth and phase to phase to earth fault may occur at the generator stator. Earth fault current is limited by the neutral grounding resistance but solidly grounding of neutral of generator in MHP may lead to high earth fault current. They are most dangerous and likely to considerable damage to the Generator. They may cause arching to core which welds the laminations together with eddy current hot spots on the subsequent use and also produce severe heating in the conductors damaging them and insulation with possible fire breaks. In order to minimize the extent of possible damage due to such faults, an automatic protection is absolutely necessary to clear the fault in shortest possible time. Earth fault relay at the generator neutral terminal ensure protection of generator against earth fault. Such relay shall isolate the generator from supply also activates the turbine shut down relay to stop the power generation. Table 4.9: Specification of generator earth fault Relay S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current Frequency Delay Range Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through Neutral CT 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0-100%
4.6.Transformer protection
The choice of protective gear for a transformer depends upon several factors such as: Type of transformer i.e. power or distribution, size of transformer Type of cooling system, Electrical location of networks and Importance of service for which it is required.
Following protections may be use for the protection of power and distribution transformer used in MHP. 4.6.1. For the protection of high voltage surge due to lightning, switching etc. lighting arrester shall be installed in the 11 kV side of Transformer. 4.6.2. For the protection of internal phase fault droop out fuse of suitable capacity should provide on 11 kV side of transformer. 4.6.3. Distribution transformer shall be provided with MCCB with suitable capacity at LT line feeder for through fault. 4.6.4. In order to protect transformer at generating station from transformer earth fault, earth fault relay should be absolutely necessary. Such relay shall isolate transformer from supply.
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Table 4.10: Specification of Transformer Protection system S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parameters Type Auxiliary supply Input sensing Current Frequency Delay Range Description Programmable, Digital microprocessor/ microcontroller based 24 V DC/230 V,50 Hz AC 5 Amp through Neutral CT 50 Hz 0-10 sec 0-100%
4.7.Earthing
Earthing also known as grounding should be done as per technical specification of Nepal Electrical Authority. However, following are suggested to take into considerations during works: 4.7.1. Neutral earthing of the generator and power transformer should be in accordance with the specification of Earth fault relay. The resistance to ground should not be more than 10 ohm, smaller value of resistance would be preferred. PH should be provided with equipotential surface. 10 mm2 copper wire or 20 mm2 Galvanized Iron (GI) wire/strip should be embedded at the powerhouse foundation, terminated in a terminal bus on the powerhouse wall at 30 cm height from floor. Metal roofing, penstock, turbine, generator body, control panel body and ballast tank and other metal part must be connected to that terminal bus (equipment earthing) in a continuous loop. Generator neutral should be earthed separately. The lightning arrestors at the first pole near the powerhouse should be earthed separately. The three above discussed three earthings should be done separately at a distance of at least 2.5 m.
4.7.2.
4.7.3. 4.7.4. 4.7.5.
4.7.6.
Copper plate earthing 1. Brass or copper connections should be used in earthing and the copper earthing plate or equivalent GI pipe should be buried in a trench to a minimum depth of 2.5 m. 2. Earth electrodes should be at least 600 mm X 600 mm X 3 mm copper plates.
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3. The initial 1 m depth covering the earthing plate should consist of fine clay mixed with layers of charcoal and salt. 4. The best place for earthing is a location, which is moist and consists of fine soil (clay). 5. Earth wire should be of 8 SWG copper. 6. Exposed sections of the earth wire should be inserted in GI pipe. 4.7.7. Cylindrical earthing 1. The dimensions of the copper electro plated electrode should be length = 2000 mm and minimum diameter = 15mm. Similarly dimensions of the chemical filled electrode should be length = 2000 mm and diameter = 80 mm 2. The ground should be bored of size diameter 150mm and length 2100 mm. 3. The black bill compound (carbon based conductive chemical) 2 bags (25 kf each) should be inserted around all sides of the cupper plated electrode. The amount 4. The cupper plated electrode and conductor chemical should be properly covered by cast steel earthing hand hole of dimension 300mm x 300 mm . 4.7.8. Transformer Earthing The transformer earthing should be as following:
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4.8.Monitoring and Control

4.8.1. The remote monitoring, control and communication with grid interconnected Micro Hydro plant shall be done in accordance with requirement of utility grid operator. True dispatch ability requires that information be made available to the utility regarding resource status (e.g. wind speed, rainfall, weather forecasts) and the availability of the plant. 4.8.2. Two-way communication shall be needed allowing the MHP to transmit this information to the utility and the utility to respond with instructions. 4.8.3. Communication shall be manual (e.g. by phone) or automated (via data acquisition systems and supervisory controls). 4.8.4. Automated dispatch can be expensive, costing tens of thousands of dollars for a system including data acquisition and data transmission system that also may include supervisory control; periodic telecommunications fees are additional to these startup costs. As a result, small MHPs are not usually dispatch able. However following are the suggested modes of data transfer and communications with the nearest substation operator of Utility grid. The communication can be done through mobile phones or telephonic calls. Internet base remote monitoring and data transformation can also be achieved in lower cost. GPRS based data transfer facility & remote monitoring of the operational status shall be used.
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5. Substation and Transmission

5.1.General Standards
5.1.1. 11 kV transmission line shall be used for the power evacuation from MHP.
5.1.2. ACSR conductor shall be used for power evacuation. The size of ACSR conductor shall be such that the voltage regulation should not more that +/-5 % of standard transmission voltage. 5.1.3. 11 m steel tubular poles shall be used for power transmission and transformer arrangement. 5.1.4. Substation Arrangement Pole mounted substations shall meet the requirements of Construction standards of NEA. However followings are the suggested provisions: 5.1.4.1. Transformers of capacity in between 25 kVA to 125 kVA should be mounted on double pole structure. 5.1.4.2. Transformer of capacity above 125 kVA not exceeding 250 kVA can be mounted on 4 pole structure with suitable platform. 5.1.4.3. Transformer of capacity greater than 250 kVA shall be mounted on the foundation. 5.1.5. Requirements of Utility Grid Feeder 5.1.5.1. 5.1.5.2. 5.1.5.3. 5.1.5.4. 5.1.5.5. 5.1.6. 5.1.6.1. 5.1.6.2. 5.1.6.3. 5.1.6.4. 5.1.6.5. 5.1.6.6. 9kV lightning arrester should be provided on each phases of outgoing feeder to INPS. Pole mounted Vacuum Circuit Breaker with relays as specified above shall be provided. Bi-directional main and Check Energy meter shall be provided as described in metering system. General purpose metering shall be provided as describe in metering section. 3 phase gang operated isolator switch should be provided on either side of VCB. 11 kV isolator switch shall be provided on high voltage side of power transformer on each phase. 9 kV lightning arresters shall be provided on each phase at the incoming side of Plant feeder. 3 phase droop out fuse shall also be provided. The size of Power transformer shall be selected such that it does not limit the generation capacity of the plant. Transformer shall be outdoor type, pole mounted, ONAN cooled. The voltage level shall be 11/0.4 kV. The connection of transformer shall according to the single line diagram shown above.
Requirements of 11 KV Plant feeder:
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5.2.Construction Standard
5.2.1. Poles and Cross Arms
5.2.1.1. Each pole shall be numbered in accordance with a numbering system provided by the institution. Pole shall be marked permanently through template with the assigned number. 5.2.1.2. Pole and structures shall generally be framed in accordance with Construction Standards of NEA. Where special framing requirements are necessary, the Site Engineer or Engineer shall provide framing instructions for the specific structure. 5.2.1.3. Each cross-arm shall be attached to the pole by a pole clamp or by machined bolts of sufficient length to pass completely through the holes provided on the pole and crossarms and receive their full complement of nuts. 5.2.1.4. Bolts of proper length shall be used. Excess nuts shall not be used to make use of a bolt, which would otherwise be too long. The end of a machined bolt projecting more than 3centimeters beyond the nut shall be cut off to a length of 2 centimeters beyond the nut. Each bolt, when installed, shall have its full complement of nuts. Washers shall be used where specified in these standards. 5.2.1.5. During the erection work at the field there may be necessity to modify galvanized steel hardware and may have to be drilled, reamed, filed or cut. Under such a condition the area of the steel exposed, after these modifications, shall be coated with a zinc-rich paint to protect the steel from corrosion. 5.2.2. Excavation
5.2.2.1. All excavations made for the installation, or demolition, of facilities shall be accomplished in a timely manner according to the scheduled installation. Required excavations shall be opened, material installed, and backfill placed, as specified, in a continuing operation to the greatest extent practicable. 5.2.2.2. Any excavation left open during discontinuous construction, which is accessible to the public or along public thoroughfare, shall be covered or barricaded, and marked by suitable visual means, to prevent a public hazard. 5.2.2.3. Excavations shall be properly located and sized for the intended use. Pole and stay plate/ anchor excavations shall be correctly sized to retain undisturbed soil to the greatest extent consistent with the means of excavation. 5.2.2.4. Pole holes shall be made by power-driven auger or by manual methods; powerdriven shovel equipment shall not be used. Pole holes shall be excavated to the specified depth with no tolerance shallow and tolerance of ten (10) centimeters deep. The bottom of pole holes shall be undisturbed soil, gravel or rock. 5.2.2.5. Stay plate holes shall be excavated by manual methods to specified depth with no disturbed soil in the direction of the anchor rod. All excavations shall be backfilled with excavated material, or as specified for the installation. Backfill shall be free of foreign materials and shall be well tamped with excess backfill graded over the excavated area to prevent depressions resulting from eventual natural compaction. 5.2.2.6. It is better to remove large amounts of excess backfill from the site. In some situation, it is necessary to provide suitable backfill materials for excavations where existing removed materials is insufficient or inappropriate, to provide suitable grading of the excavated area.
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5.2.3.
Pole Setting
5.2.3.1. Poles shall be set in accordance with the appropriate Sections of the Construction Standards of NEA. 5.2.3.2. Each pole shall be assigned a unique construction number at the time of structure staking for preliminary identification and preparation of SDS. 5.2.3.3. Pole holes shall be dug large enough in diameter to admit a tamping bar all around the periphery of the pole and shall have a uniform dimension as per the type of pole used at the top and bottom. Poles shall be planted in the ground to the depth specified in construction standard of NEA. 5.2.3.4. Drawings before planting a pole, the bottom of the hole made for planting the pole, shall be cleaned of free soil and firmly tamped, to prevent the hole from settling. 5.2.3.5. The stability of a pole, particularly a pole without stay, is greatly influenced by the size of the pole hole, the nature of the soil and the care exercised in back filling and tamping. Two active hand tampers and one slow shovel shall result in good compaction. 5.2.3.6. Poles shall be set to stand perpendicular except at terminals, angles and other points of excessive strain where they shall be given a rake not to exceed 10 centimeters against the direction of strain. Poles located at the sides of banks or other locations, where washouts may occur, shall be protected by suitable cribbing, or shall be referred to the Engineer for recommended action. 5.2.3.7. After the pole is in position and the hole is back filled and tamped, soil shall be piled and packed firmly around the pole. Pole setting shall be inspected prior to acceptance and any back fills that have sunk shall be refilled. 5.2.3.8. Where it is necessary to set poles at locations where the soil has very low bearing value, or in swampy conditions, a pole may be fitted with a bog shoe in accordance with construction drawings the engineer may specify that type of construction. Poles located in shallow riverbeds shall be protected by gabions as designated by the Site Engineer or Engineer. Gabions should be approximately 2 meters x 1 meter x 1 meter. Four such gabions are required for each pole. Set pole and pour 860 mm diameter foundation as per construction standard construction drawing of NEA. Level areas around pole and set gabions in pattern shown in construction drawing. It is important to lace adjacent gabions together along the perimeter of all contact surfaces. Fill gabions with hard, durable, clean stone, 100 mm to 200 mm in size in three layers. Install two connecting wires at each layer. Lace gabion lids securely making certain all edges are closed. Fill void between pole and gabion with hard, durable, clean rock 200 mm minimum size. 5.2.4. Stays
5.2.4.1. The stays location shall be chosen according to the construction drawing of NEA. The Engineer, upon request, may designate the actual location of stay anchor rods on slope of hills. The stay stake indicates the point where the anchor rod enters the ground. 5.2.4.2. The attachment of one stay shall not overlap that of another stay when 2 or more stays are carried to a pole or anchor. Each shall be entirely independent of the other. This does not prevent the use of multiple eye rods for nuts designed for such use.
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5.2.4.3. All stays to be installed on a pole line shall be placed and drawn reasonably taut before the conductors are tensioned. 5.2.4.4. After the conductors are tensioned and sagged to their final position, the stays shall be carefully inspected to see that each is carrying its share of the load on the pole as intended. If multiple stays are not carrying equal strain, the slack stay shall be pulled up until it is sharing load as intended. 5.2.4.5. Stay anchors must be installed full depth and set to pull against undisturbed soil to develop full tension. An anchor not properly installed will move and allow movement of the top of the pole, thus slacking the conductors. Stay anchors installed in soft or unstable earth shall be placed at specified depth and back filled with 5 cm. maximum size crushed stone placed to a depth of 1 meter from the bottom of the pole. 5.2.5. Installation of Stays
5.2.5.1. Where stays are installed on a line angle structure, line of stay shall bisect the outside line angle. The span of stay extending between poles shall not be greater than 60 meter. Anchor and anchor rods shall be set so that the axis of the rod and line of stay shall be straight. The portion of the anchor rod above the ground shall not be bent at an angle to connect a stay wire. If this occurs, anchor and anchor rod shall be reset. The anchor rod shall not be exposed for more than 15 centimeters above the ground after the anchor is set. 5.2.5.2. If gravel back fill is required to set anchor in soft or unstable soil, it is necessary to carry out the gravel back fill as directed by Engineer. If a stay is installed on a pole where low voltage conductor is dead ended or double dead ended and extends past stay, a piece of plastic hose slit along the length shall be placed over the stay wire extending from the upper stay attachment to 200 mm below lowest low voltage conductor. After installation, the hose shall be wrapped with plastic tape and the hose shall be secured to the upper stay bolt with tie wire. 5.2.5.3. Stay insulators shall be installed on all stays in accordance with the construction standard drawings of NEA. 5.2.6. Sagging
5.2.6.1. Conductors shall be sagged in accordance with the sag chart specified by specifications of NEA standard. The importance of careful sagging of conductors cannot be over emphasized. Conductors have definite characteristic that control their behavior resulting from changes of temperature, wind speed and additional load due to ice or wet snow. 5.2.6.2. Conductors must not be sagged too tightly (less than specified sag) as unspecified extra tensions may result in failure of conductor structure. Conductors sagged too loosely (more than specified sag) may contact adjacent conductors hardware or any structure. Excess sag can reduce clearance beneath the line with the ground to the point of danger. 5.2.6.3. The most practical method of obtaining the correct sag is by sighting between two adjacent structures. Choose the structure, which is reasonably near the same elevation In order to ascertain the sag for a given stringing temperature, select the point corresponding to the proper temperature on the scale on the left-hand side of the sag chart. Lay a straight edge so that it passes through this point and the point of
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the center scale representing the length of span to be sagged. The straight edge will then indicate the proper stringing sag on the right-hand scale. Interpolate if the temperature of span is not exactly the same as designated on the chart. 5.2.7. Stringing
5.2.7.1. All cable grip used for the installation of conductors shall be of the type designed to prevent injury to the conductor. Attach targets to each structure at a distance below each point of the support of conductor equal to the required sag. Sight from one target to the other. The line of sight between targets may be horizontal or inclined. Draw the conductor up to the proper sag, which will be reached when its lowest point will be in line with the target. Where terrain and / or length of span in such that the targets would fall below the ground line, the difference in elevation between the lower conductor attachment and the lowest point of sag, sag below lowest support will be furnished by the engineer in the tabular form. 5.2.7.2. The dynamometers and similar apparatus shall be used for tensioning of conductor to obtain appropriate sagging of conductors. Dynamometer shall be used only when the sight method is not feasible. Dynamometer shall be checked for accuracy before using. For stringing of ACSR conductors of all sizes, stringing rollers or roller shall be used to support the conductor as it is pulled out and sagged. 5.2.7.3. Stringing rollers shall be used regardless of size of aluminum conductors, bare or covered. Stringing rollers shall be suspended at each insulator support position so that the conductor shall roll smoothly over the roller-protecting conductor from any physical damage. Stringing sheaves shall have a diameter at least 20 times the conductor diameter and so as to prevent damage of any kind to the conductor as it is pulled through the sheaves. 5.2.7.4. Conductor drum shall be located at a sufficient distance from the first structure to avoid excessive bending of the conductor over the sheaves and excessive downward loading on the cross-arms. Attention shall be paid to the fact that all sag charts for ACSR conductors are calculated on the basis of non pre-stressed conductor. For this reason, at no time during the stringing or sagging operation, shall conductors of this type be pulled to sag, which are less than those shown by the charts. 5.2.7.5. Special care shall be taken at all times to prevent the conductor from becoming kinked, twisted or abraded in any manner. Where it is necessary to drag conductors on the ground, the conductors shall be protected by covering all stones or other objects, which might damage the conductor with boughs or trees or suitable pieces of lumber. These requirements are especially important when ACSR conductor is being handled on river crossing spans. Floats with rollers shall be used to prevent the conductor from dragging along the river bottom. In stringing conductors across highways, the conductors shall be fully protected from passing vehicles by use of temporary guard structures. 5.2.7.6. Damaged conductors shall be repaired by using a repair sleeve provided that no more than 2 strands of the outer aluminum layer are damaged and further provided that none of the sleeve core strands are damaged. For a conductor damaged in excess of the above conditions, the damaged section of the conductor shall be cut out and a tension splice installed. When cutting out damaged section of conductor, no more than 1 tension splice shall be permitted in a span and no splice is made within 8 meters of an insulator attachment. 5.2.7.7. Sag error shall not exceed 40 mm from the sag defined by the sag chart.
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5.2.7.8. Conductors shall be secured to pin insulators with pre-formed conductor ties or with tie wire. Insulator ties, except at jumper supports in structures, shall be made with preformed ties when available. Conductors shall be connected to dead end assemblies with tension set. 5.2.7.9. Cleaned and polished contact surfaces are necessary to make conductor splices so that it shall remain free from trouble. Great care shall be taken to completely clean the strands of aluminum conductor. The splicing sleeve must be centered over the conductor ends before compressing to make a splice of required strength. Appropriate sleeve shall be used for splicing ACSR conductors prior to installation. The outer strands of aluminum shall be carefully cleaned with a wire brush to remove all foreign matter till the aluminum shines brightly. The cleaning applies to both new and old conductors. The manufacturer pre-filled with inhibitor compound supplies splicing sleeves for aluminum conductor. Splices in line conductors shall be so located that the end of the splicing sleeve is at least 30 cm from the end of a suspension or dead end clamp. Non-tension loops, such as between dead ends, shall be spliced with a connector when the conductors are of same metal and size. 5.2.7.10. Cleaned and polished contact surfaces are necessary to make electrical connections that will be free from trouble. Tap connectors are supplied by manufacturers prefilled with inhibitor compound. Excess inhibitor compound shall not to be removed but it shall be wiped over the connector as a moisture seal. Connectors shall not be covered or taped. Compression connectors shall be located in such a manner that there shall be at least 30 cm of conductor between the end of the connector and the end of a dead end Connectors shall be installed on non-tensioned portion of the conductor such as loops inpreference to the conductor in the span. Connectors installed on conductor shall be located in a span adjacent to the crossing rather than the crossing span when practicable. Aluminum compression connectors, pre-filled with inhibitor compound, shall be compressed on the cleaned area of aluminum conductor. Where necessary, inhibitor compound shall be applied to the cleaned conductor and connector before assembly. Aluminum compression connectors shall be used for connecting aluminium-to-aluminium conductors. 5.2.8. Conductor Accessories
5.2.8.1. Pre-Formed Ties and Grips: Taps for jumpers and services shall not be made over the legs of ties or dead end grips. 5.2.8.2. Pin Insulator Ties: Pin insulator ties are of 2 types With single top grooves: Single top ties may be used to turn line angles to 7 degrees where single insulators are permitted. Please refer construction drawing for specific applications. With side grooves with specific size of ties for specific conductor in each tie style: Specific usage is dictated by insulator pin loading and use of single insulators as specified in construction drawing NEA. 5.2.8.3. Preformed Stay Wire Binder Preformed stay wire binder for stay wire are furnished as per construction drawing standard of NEA. Preformed stay wire binder are right hand lay. Preformed stay wire binder may be removed and replaced up to 3 times, when initially installed, to permit adjustment of stay tension. When applying ties or grips the manufacturers identification tag and colour coding shall be checked to insure that the tie or grip is the right unit specified for application on the specific conductor or wire strand. Perform for stay wire are furnished
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with 2 crossover markings. When applying perform on hardware, the grip shall be installed using the crossover point closest to the loop of the grip. 5.2.8.4. Compression Fittings Full-tension conductor splices and repair sleeves are furnished for all conductors to be installed. Full Tension Conductor Splice: Full-tension spliced for ACSR conductor is provided in a 2/1-piece unit. Full tension conductor splices will develop full conductivity of the conductor and a minimum of 95% of the rated conductor breaking strength. Repair Sleeves: Conductor repair sleeves are furnished for all conductors to be used to restore the rated current carrying capacity of conductors with broken strands. Repair splices have no tension rating. 5.2.8.5. PG Clamps PG clamps are furnished in a full range of sizes for application in the non-tension connection in 11 kV circuits. The PG clamps are designed for general use in making tap and jumper connections of various types. In all applications of PG clamp fittings, the conductor metal shall be wire-brushed to a bright condition to remove surface oxidation on the conductor. 5.2.8.6. Application When applying ties or grips the manufacturers identification tag and colour coding shall be checked to insure that the tie or grip is the right unit specified for application on the specific conductor or wire strand. Preformed for stay wire are furnished with 2 crossover markings. When applying preformed on hardware, the grip shall be installed using the crossover point closest to the loop of the grip. In all applications of PG clamp fittings, the conductor metal shall be wire-brushed to a bright condition to remove surface oxidation on the conductor. 5.2.8.7. Line Construction Arrangement of Conductor The standard position of 11 kV phase conductors on the cross-arm in the normal triangular configuration looking from the normal source of power supply shall be seen as: Red (R) on top of the pole, Yellow (Y) on right hand end of the cross-arm and Blue (B) on left hand end of the cross arm. Attachments to Poles Conductor Ties Bolt holes are provided on poles for cross-arms, cross-arm braces and stay bolts. Pre-formed ties and grips shall be used for attaching conductors to structures when available. If pre-formed materials are not available, the wire shall be soft conductor so that when made up, the tie wire will bind the conductor tightly. No tie wire shall be used for a second time. Tie wire shall be of the same metal as that of the bare conductor to which the tie is applied. Conductor Support
The conductor supports on straight lines shall be carried on the top wire groove of the pin insulator. Conductors shall be attached to the side conductor groove of pin insulator on the outside of angles so that transverse conductor tension will tend to hold the conductor in the
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insulator groove. Conductor ties shall not hold a conductor on the insulator when uplift exists. If uplift is found, it is required to consult with the Site Engineer or the Engineer to determine remedial action to be taken. Pole Wiring All taps or connections passing from one level to another on the pole shall, as far as possible, be vertical. Connections shall have sufficient length so that the line conductors are not moved from normal positions and normal movement is not restricted. Connections shall have at least 30 centimetres clearance from other conductors. Any connection carried from one side of the pole to the other side shall be supported on pin insulators. 5.2.9. Transformer Structures
Distribution panel-board material and equipment ratings shall be determined by the kVA rating of the transformer and number of 400/230 volt out going distribution circuits. Where outgoing distribution circuits are installed, pole moment loading must be balanced by another outgoing distribution circuits in the opposite direction or by installation of stays. Two separate rods shall be used to earth the transformer structure. a.) One for surge arresters and equipment b) Another for the neutral of transformer low voltage winding, body of transformer and the body of MCCB box. Each earth rod shall be driven at a minimum distance of 2 meters from the adjacent pole resulting in a minimum distance of 6 meters between the two ground rods. Ground conductor lead shall be stranded steel wire. 1/2" banding material shall be used to strap grounding conductors to pole(s) at one (1) meter intervals. Compression connectors and PG clamp shall be used to make all electrical connections. When connecting copper transformer circuit conductor to the secondary line conductors, the copper conductor shall be placed below the aluminium conductor at the connection so that rainwater will flow from the aluminum conductor onto the copper conductor. Conductor shall be terminated on main breaker and neutral bus with cable socket of proper size. Individual conductors of the circuits located in panel boards shall be bundled with cotton or nylon cord and trained and tied to conductor standoff clips. 5.2.10. Line Installation Criteria 5.2.10.1. The line alignment should be as straight as possible to minimize requirements for stays. The basic span shall be maintained within 50m to 55 m for 11 kV line. 5.2.10.2. Safety rules of the NEA shall be strictly followed. Special care shall be taken to maintain the optimum conductor sag to provide adequate safety to the construction and the property or people. 5.2.10.3. All fastenings (e.g. preforms, nut bolts, stays and the like) shall be so installed that the constructed line components shall not fail to remain within the safety margin while maximum working load is applied. 5.2.10.4. All types of line clearances shall be maintained as per the Electricity Regulation Act 2050. Deviations from the standards may be allowed on regulationly for unique or special conditions. Table 5.1: Ground Clearance of the Wires S.N. 1. Standard of Voltage of While crossing the On the side of Electricity road (meter) the road (meter) In between 230/400and 5.8 5.5 In other places (meter) 4.6
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11,000 2. In between 11,000 and 33,000 6.1 5.8 5.2
Table 5.2: Minimum distance from the wire to the house or tree S.N. 1. 2. Standard of Voltage of Electricity Standard 230/400 to 11,000 11,000 to 33,000 Minimum Distance to be from house or tree 1.25 meter 2.0 meter
Note:-While determining the minimum distance as above maximum deflection of wire arising due to air pressure shall also have to be considered. 5.2.10.5.HV Insulators: High voltage Pin Insulators shall use in the alignment of the line where the break angle does not exceed the limits provided here after Table 5.3: Minimum Break Angle S.N. 1. 2. 3. Conductor Size in mm2 100 (Dog) 50 (Rabbit) 30 (Weasel) Minimum Break Angle in Degrees 7 15.5 24.5
In the case where the break angle exceeds the above values it is better to make dead end at the angle structure and use disc insulator fittings. 5.2.11. Installation of Stays
Stay and Guys should be provided as per NEA line construction standard. Following are the suggested activities: Provisions of stay should be made at the first and last pole. Provisions of stay should be made at all poles on line turning. For safety, every 5th pole must be stayed on both sides even if the poles are in a straight line. At least one Stay insulator must be provided in every stay support. Stay sets components should meet the requirements of NEA standards. 5.2.12. Transformer Mounting Each transformer (except single phase pole mounted) shall be so mounted on the platform that the centre of the transformer is in the middle of the platform. Deviations are not permitted from this rule.
5.2.13.
Grounding Procedure
5.2.13.1.Purpose
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Grounding conductors and electrodes (ground rods) are installed on poles and structures to provide a low impedance path to ground for fault currents and over voltages and current waves initiated by lightning strokes. The objective is to minimize possible difference in potential between normally non-current carrying parts and from those parts to ground. It is also necessary to provide a current path to ground to enable protective devices to quickly de energize the circuit under over voltages and over current conditions. 5.2.13.2. Parts to be grounded The following parts shall be grounded a) Surge arrester ground studs b) Normally non-current carrying parts of the switches, frames, panel boards, cabinets, re closer tanks etc. c) Low voltage neutral points of the transformer. 5.2.13.3.Grounding Conductors Conductor sizes for grounding of specific parts shall be made as follows. Surge Arrestor 2AWG copper welded. Switch frames and re closers 2 AWG copper welded. Transformer neutral points 25 sq mm copper wires. All the grounding conductors shall be installed with the high-density polythene pipe at least above reach of the human beings 5.2.13.4.Ground Rod Installation At switches, re closers grounding points the ground rod shall be installed in the ground at a minimum lateral distance of two meter from the associated poles. The top of the ground rod shall be driven to a minimum depth of 40 centimetres below grade before connecting the ground conductor to the ground rod. At the transformer structure body of the transformer and the body of surge arrestor, MCCB box, the grounds shall be separated laterally from transformer secondary neutral point grounds by a minimum of 6 meters. Ground rods shall be driven to a minimum depth of 40 centimetres below grade before connecting the grounding Conductor to the ground rod. The grounding conductor shall be encased in a rigid plastic pipe for a distance of 3 meters above the top of the concrete pole foundation or collar. The plastic pipe shall be of sufficient internal diameter to contain the grounding conductor. 5.2.14. Danger Plate The danger plate should mount on HT transmission line as per requirement of Electricity regulation act 2050. Danger plate should be provided in each pole lying on School area, Health care centers & public areas etc. It is better to provide danger plate at every 5 poles along the roads. Danger plate should be provided on each pole mounting or foundation mounting transformer substation.
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6. Line Equipment Standards

6.1.Disconnect Switch/Isolator
This Specification covers the manufacture, testing and supply of single-pole, pole mounted disconnect switch suitable for double cross arm mounting commonly used in 11 kV overhead electric power lines. 6.1.1. The manufacturer of Disconnect Switches must have been accredited with IS0 9001 including design quality certification. 6.1.2. The switch assembly shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with IEC: 265-1 (1988), IEC: 529 (1989) and IEC: 60-1 (1989), latest revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. 6.1.3. The switch base shall be rugged and formed steel channel with holes and slots to adapt the switch to various mounting configurations. The switch shall be furnished with straps and hardware for steel cross arm mounting. 6.1.4. The switch shall have a silver-plated copper switch-blade. The switchblade shall incorporate a positive locking latch and a large pulling eye and pry-out mechanism. 6.1.5. The switch shall include tin-plated connector clamps that accommodate conductors from 25 sq. mm. to 100 sq. mm. 6.1.6. The electrical characteristics of the switch shall be as follows: Rated maximum voltage 12 kV Nominal voltage 11 kV Rated frequency 50 Hz Rated normal current 400 A Momentary current 40 kA Rated short circuit making current 25 kA Impulse withstand voltage 95 kV Min. power frequency withstand voltage Dry 35 kV Wet 30 kV 6.1.7. Tests The switch shall be tested in accordance with the relevant provisions of the governing standard.
6.2.Surge Arresters
This specification covers the manufacture, testing and supply of distribution type polymerhoused surge arresters commonly installed on 11 kV overhead power lines. 6.2.1. The surge arresters shall be suitable for use on a three-phase, wye-connected, unigrounded (solid grounding), 33 kV,11 kV, 50 Hz distribution circuits at an altitude up to 2000 meters, and ambient temperatures ranging from -5 deg. C to 45 deg. C. 6.2.2. The surge arrester housing shall be of polymer type, manufactured using industry recognized polymeric material having superior insulating properties necessary for out
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door installations. The housing shall display in an indelible manner: Arrester type, voltage rating, and year of manufacture. 6.2.3. The surge arresters shall be of gapless metal-oxide type. 6.2.4. The surge arresters shall have line terminals and ground lead terminals accommodating copper or aluminum conductor sizes from 13.3 mm sq. (6 AWG) through 53.49mm sq. (1/) AWG). Each arrester shall be provided with nut and wire clamp as the line terminal and ground terminal accessory hardware. 6.2.5. The surge arresters shall be furnished with necessary mounting bracket and accessories necessary for steel channel (100x50x50x6mm) cross-arm mounting. 6.2.6. The surge arresters must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001. The ISO 9001 certification number, the name of the authorized approving authority with the contact address and telephone and fax numbers shall also be stated. 6.2.7. The surge arresters shall have the following characteristics: a) Voltage rating (Ur),Vrms 9 b) Nominal system voltage, kVrms 11 c) Maximum system voltage, kVrms 12 d) System frequency, Hz 50 e) Nominal discharge current, kA 10 f) Creepage distance (terminal to base), mm 390 g) Minimum power-frequency withstand Wet, kVrms 50 Dry, kVrms 70 h) Impulse withstand (1.2/50sec), kVcrest 95 i) Maximum discharge (residual) voltage at 10kA lighting impulse current, kVcrest 29 j) Steep current residual voltage, kVcrest 32 k) Pressure relief class B High current (for 0.2s) 20 kA Low current(for 0.5s) 0.8 kA 6.2.8. The surge arresters shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IEC 600994 (latest revision).
6.3.Vacuum Circuit Breaker

This specification covers three-pole, 50 Hz, 11 KV vacuum circuit breakers both for outdoor installations in rural electrification system. 6.3.1. Applicable standards Unless otherwise modified in this specification, the vacuum circuit breakers shall comply with the following Indian Standards as amended from time to time: IS-13118: Circuit Breakers IS-3156: Voltage Transformers IS-2705: Current Transformers
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6.3.2. Rated voltage The rated voltage for the circuit breaker shall be 12 KV. This represents the highest system voltage corresponding to the nominal system voltage of 11 KV. 6.3.3. Rated current The standard rated normal current shall be 400A. The bus-bar rating of the indoor type vacuum circuit breaker shall be 800 A. 6.3.4. Rated short-circuit breaking current The rms value of the A.C. component of the rated short-circuit breaking current shall be 8 KA The value of D.C. component shall be calculated in accordance with the recommendations contained in IS: 13118. 6.3.5. Rated short-circuit making current The rated short-circuit making current of the circuit breakers shall be taken as 2.5 times the rms value of the A.C. component of the rated short-circuits breaking current. 6.3.6. Rated voltage of operating devices The standard DC voltage for the operating devices shall be 24 V. 6.3.7. Constructional features Vacuum circuit breakers for outdoor application shall have fixed type of construction and the vacuum interrupter units together with the HV connections shall be enclosed in a sealed housing (preferably of porcelain) conforming to IP-65 protection (IS:2147). The operating mechanism, links, etc. shall be housed in a suitable cubicle and should be accessible for maintenance. The relays, meters, indicators and operating handle etc. shall be provided on the front side with a hinged door and locking device. The door shall open upwards (with hinge at the top) for protection against rain (when in open position). No isolator shall be provided in outdoor breakers. 6.3.8. Closing/tripping mechanism The circuit breakers shall be provided with hand operated spring-closing mechanism. Alternatively, the VCB has the option to order circuit breakers with solenoid closing mechanism suitable for operation with 24 V DC batteries. 6.3.9. Tests The circuit breakers shall be tested according to IS:13118-1991 6.3.10.Inspection All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture unless otherwise especially agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser at the time of purchase. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing the purchaser all reasonable facilities, without charge, to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with the specification.
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The purchaser has the right to have the tests carried out at his own cost by an independent agency whenever there is dispute regarding the quality of supply.
6.4.Distribution cutout
This Specification covers the testing and supply of open distribution cutouts commonly used on the primary side 11 kV distribution transformers as protective device. 6.4.1. The distribution cutouts shall be suitable for use on thee-phase, wye-connected, unigrounded, 50 Hz distribution circuits at an altitude up to 2000 meters. 6.4.2. The distribution cutout shall be tested in full compliance with ANSI C 37.41-1981, ANSI C 37.42 or IEC 282-2. 6.4.3. The distribution cutout shall incorporate wet-process glazed porcelain insulators. The insulator shall display in an indelible manner: manufacture, type and voltage rating. 6.4.4. The fuse holder shall accommodate a non-expendable cap or an expendable cap determined by interrupting rating. 6.4.5. The cutout shall be furnished with a galvanized steel mounting bracket which may be adapted for steel channel (100x50x50x6mm) cross arm mounting. 6.4.6. The cutout shall have clamp type terminals to accept copper or aluminum conductors ranging from 25mm2 to 150mm2. 6.4.7. The Cut outs must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001. The ISO 9001 certification number, the name of the authorized approving authority with the contact address and telephone and fax numbers shall also be stated. The Bidder shall enclose a verified copy of the ISO 9001 certificate with the bid. 6.4.8. Ratings 6.4.9. The distribution cutout shall have the following electrical characteristics: a) Design rating kVrms 12 b) Minimum power frequency withstand: Dry kVrms 35 Wet kVrms 30 c) Impulse withstand kVcrest 95 d) Interrupting capacity kA 10 e) Creepage distance mm 200 (Leakage to ground) 6.4.10. The distribution cutout shall have 100 Ampere fuse holder. It shall have the capability of interchanging fuse holders from 100 Ampere to 300 Ampere capacities. 6.4.11. General Requirements/Constructional Details The typical constructional details of the fuse cutout are as follows: a. Copper current path; b. Copper arc shortening rod; c. Bird-proofed one-piece solid porcelain insulator; d. Tinned plated bronze terminals for use with copper or aluminum conductor;
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e. Two-place locking to prevent side movement of hood, contacts or hooks; f. One piece stainless steel channel; g. Stainless steel backup spring to maintain contact pressure; h. Silver to silver contacts; i. Galvanized steel hooks for load break tool; j. Cast bronze top tube casting and pull ring; k. High strength fiberglass fuse tube coated with ultra violet inhibitor; l. Hot stick hole in trunnion casting for hot stick work; m. Cast bronze lower tube casting; n. Stainless steel fuse link ejector and spring insures proper toggle action; o. Fuse holder toggle latch limits tension of fuse link; p. Cast bronze hinge for corrosion resistance; q. Large nut to fasten fuse link without breaking strands; The design of cutout shall be such that the fuse holder can be interchanged with those of other manufacturer.
6.5.Fuse link
This Specification covers the supply of button head fuse links commonly used in the protection of distribution transformers. 6.5.1.The button-head fuse link shall be fabricated in full compliance with American National Standard specification ANSI C 37.42-1981, or latest revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. 6.5.2.The fuse link shall have fast characteristics and shall be suitable for protection of distribution transformers. 6.5.3.The fuse link shall be supplied in accordance with the type and ratings as requirement.
6.6.Transformer
These specifications cover the requirements of oil-immersed, natural-cooled three-phase distribution transformers suitable for outdoors installation on 11kV, 50 Hz systems. 6.6.1. Service Conditions The transformers shall be designed and constructed for outdoor installation and operation under the following conditions: Ambient temperature: Relative humidity: Altitude: -5oC to 45oC up to 100% up to 2000m above the mean sea level
6.6.2. Standards and Quality Certification 6.6.2.1. The equipment specified shall conform to the latest edition of the appropriate IEC specifications and/or other recognised international standards. In particular: IEC 60076 Power transformers IEC 60137 Insulating Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 kV
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IEC 60296 IEC 60551 IEC 60616 IEC 60722 IEC 60733 IEC 5493
IEC 60156 Insulating liquids-Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency-test methood Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear Determination of transformer and reactor sound levels Terminal and tapping materials for power transformer Guide to lightning and switching impulse testing of power transformers and reactors Determination of water in insulating oils. Protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion.
6.6.2.2. The manufacturer of the transformers must have been accredited with the latest edition of ISO: 9001 (including design in the scope of registration) quality certification. 6.6.3. Description 6.6.3.1. Technical details are given in the table below. Type Size Rated voltage Max system voltage Rated Frequency Connection Three-phase, kVA - Primary - Secondary - Primary - Secondary - Primary - Secondary ONAN As specified 3.5 - 4.5% 11/0.4 kV As specified 11kV 400/230V 12kV 440V 50Hz As Specified As specified
Cooling System Vector group Rated impedance voltage BIL for windings and Bushings for primary side 75kV Withstand voltage, 50 Hz, 60 Sec. - Primary 28kV - Secondary 3kV No load taps changer +/- 2.5%, +/- 5% on HV side Mounting Platform Insulation levels (IEC) 76 LI 75 AC 28/AC 3 Insulation temperature class A (IEC 76) Maximum allowable noise level at 3 metre hemispherical radius <44 dB Applicable standard IEC 6.6.3.2. Tank Each transformer shall be provided with a case of rigid construction, which shall be oil-tight and gas-tight. The thickness of all tank sides except the tank bottom and cover shall not less than 3.2 mm. The thickness of tank, the tank bottom and cover shall not be less than 4.0 mm. The tank shall be capable of withstanding, without leakage or permanent distortion, a pressure 25% greater than the maximum operating pressure. The tank cover shall be bolted. Each transformer shall be provided with earthing terminal with clamp type connector. The radiator shall be of pressed steel or corrugated type design.
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6.6.3.3.
Core
The transformer shall be of core type. The cores shall be constructed with interleaved grade non-aging, high permeability, grain oriented and colled rolled silicon steel laminations, properly treated after being sheared to remove any burr and shall be reannealed to remove any residual stresses. The steel shall be thin in lamination. All steel sections used for the support of the core shall be thoroughly sand blasted after cutting, drilling and welding. All laminations shall be properly insulated with the materials that will not deteriorate due to pressure and hot oil. The core shall be rigidly clamped with positive locking device to ensure adequate mechanical strength. Core and coil assembly shall be capable of withstanding the vibrations and shock during transportation, installation, service and adequate provision shall be made to prevent movement of core and coil assembly relative to the tank during these conditions. The core shall be provided with lifting lugs suitable for lifting complete core and coil assembly of transformer 6.6.3.4. Winding The design, construction and treatment of winding shall give proper consideration to all service factors. The completed assembly of core and coils shall be dried in a vacuum sufficient to ensure elimination of air and moisture within the insulating structure. After the drying process, the assembly shall be immediately impregnated with dry oil. The windings of the transformer shall be fabricated of copper materials. Aluminium winding materials will not be accepted. 6.6.3.5. Oil Preservation System The transformer of 15 kVA to 25 kVA of voltage rating 11/0.4 kV and 11/0.23 kV shall be permanently sealed and completely oil filled type. The transformer of all other ratings shall be provided with conservator. The conservator vessel shall have a capacity between highest and the lowest levels of not less than 7.5% of the total cold oil volume of the transformer. Each conservator vessel shall be fitted with a breather in which silica gel is the drying agent. Windows in the silica gel breathers shall be sufficiently large enough to allow crystal colour change to be easily observed. The position of the silica gel breather shall be such that maintenance can be carried out without the need to de-energise the transformer. 6.6.3.6. Short Circuit Capacity The transformer shall be designed and constructed to withstand without injury the mechanical and thermal stress produced by short-circuits current limited by the impedance of the transformer only. 6.6.3.7. Tap Change An externally - operated tap changer for transformers shall be furnished with each transformer, to be operated only when the transformer is de-energized. The tap changer shall include an operating handle, visible indication of tap position and means for locking the tap changer in any desired position. The locking device shall be arranged to prevent locking the tap changer in an off position. Mechanical means shall be provided for limiting the maximum and minimum travelling of the extreme tap positions to be at the maximum and minimum position of the tap changer. 6.6.3.8. Insulating Oil Necessary quantity of oil for the The insulating oil shall be refined mineral oil. transformer shall be furnished by the contractor.
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6.6.3.9.
Bushings
The bushings shall be made of homogeneous and well vitrified porcelain. The colour of the insulator shall be brown and the surface shall have polished glaze. The high voltage bushings shall have bolted terminal lugs (samples should be as recommended by NEA) suitable for terminating 20-100 mm2 stranded ACSR conductor. The low voltage bushings shall have bolted terminal lugs (samples should be as recommended by NEA) suitable for terminating aluminium conductor compatible to the kVA rating of the transformer. The low voltage neutral bushings shall include a bolted terminal lug for terminating together an earth wire and an aluminium conductor of neutral circuit of the LV system. 6.6.3.10. Temperature rise Average winding temperature rise above maximum ambient temperature (45oC) when carrying maximum continuous rated kVA shall not exceed 55oC. The temperature rise of the insulating oil shall not exceed 50oC when measured near the top of the main tank. 6.6.3.11. Accessories The following accessories shall be provided with each transformer. Lower oil filter and drain valve Liquid level gauge Lifting Lug Name plate Tank grounding terminal connector suitable for grounding cable #6 SWG solid or stranded copper Pressure relief device for 25 kVA and higher ratings 6.6.4. Tests Tests shall be performed in accordance with the relevant IEC standards supplemented by the specific requirements indicated below. In the absence of IEC recommendations the tests must be equivalent at least to the conditions, provisions and definitions of the above-mentioned standards. 6.6.4.1. Type Tests The following tests should be performed on identical units. Temperature rise tests Impulse voltage tests 1. Impulse voltage tests 2. Separate source AC withstand voltage test The test of the transformer shall have been conducted by a reputed Independent laboratory accredited by International Laboratory Accreditation Corporation (ILAC) or International Accreditation Forum (IAF) or other reputed accreditation agencies. 6.6.4.2. Routine Tests The following tests shall be performed on each unit of transformer. Applied voltage test Induced voltage test No load loss and excitation current test Impedance voltage and load loss tests Resistance measurement Ratio tests Polarity and phase relation tests Leakage tests
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Insulation resistance tests
6.6.5. No load & load loss The transformer no-load and load losses shall not exceed the following prescribed values for 11/0.4 kV Table 6.1: Transformer Losses S.N. 1 2 3 4 Rating 25 kVA, 3-ph 50 kVA, 3-ph 100 kVA, 3-ph 200 kVA, 3-ph No Load Loss (Watts) 75 120 220 365 Load Loss (Watts) 460 750 1210 2100
6.7.PVC Insulated LT cable

This Specification covers the manufacture and supply of 600/1000 Volt, PVC-insulated, 4 core stranded aluminum power cable. 6.7.1. The electric cable shall be manufactured and tested in full compliance with British Standards BS 6346:1987 or latest revision thereof, or any other national or international standards that ensures at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. 6.7.2. The cable shall be multi-conductor, stranded aluminum with sizes as specified in the Price Schedule. 6.7.3. The conductor insulation shall be extruded PVC compound and shall be rated 600/1000 Volt. The insulation shall be colored red, yellow, blue, or black. 6.7.4. The cable shall be un-armored and shall have an over sheath of extruded PVC 6.7.5. The PVC cables must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001 or ISO 9002. The ISO certification number, the name of the authorized approving authority with the contact address and telephone and fax numbers shall also be stated. The Bidder shall enclose a verified copy of the ISO certificate with the bid 6.7.6. Tests The routine tests of the cable shall be done at manufacturer's plant in accordance with BS: 6346:1987 or other equivalent national or international standards including following test. Visual examination Construction Test Spark test on core Spark test on over sheath Voltage test on completed cable Insulation Resistance Test. Steel Tubular Poles
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6.8.Steel Tubular Pole

This Specification covers the design, fabrication, testing and supply of tubular steel poles commonly used in overhead electric lines. 6.8.1. The steel pole shall be fabricated in several lengths and strengths as specified in Table below. 6.8.2. The steel tubular poles must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001:2000. 6.8.3. The steel poles shall be of swaged design and shall consist of three (3) separate lengths of steel tubing swagged at two joints to fabricate the poles. 6.8.4. The steel tubing used in pole fabrication shall be of steel of any approved process possessing a minimum tensile strength of 42 Kg/sq. mm and a chemical composition of not more than 0.06% sulphur and not more than 0.06% phosphorous. 6.8.5. The tubing diameter and tubing wall thickness shown in Table 6.2 for each length of pole are the minimum size to be used in fabricating each length of pole. However, in no case the tubing diameter and wall thickness for any component tube be less than the value shown in Table 6.2. Table 6.2: Pole Specification IS Designation Overall Length Planting depth. m Sections: Top (h1) Middle (h2) Bottom (h3) 410SP-52 410 SP -43P11 m 10 m 1.8 1.8 Length, m 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 5.6 5.2 Outside Diameter, mm Top (h1) 114.3 114.3 Middle (h2) 139.7 139.7 Bottom (h3) 165.1 165.1 Thickness, mm Top (h1) 3.65 3.65 Middle (h2) 4.5 4.5 Bottom (h3) 4.5 4.5 Approximate weight, 175 160 Kg Crippling load, kgf 307 348 Application of load 0.6 0.6 from top of pole,m 410 SP-31 9 m 9m 1.5 2 2 5 114.3 139.7 165.1 3.65 4.5 4.5 147 367 0.3 410 SP-13S 8mm 1.5 1.75 1.75 4.50 88.9 114.3 39.7 3.25 3.65 4.5 101 301 1 0.3
6.8.6. Tubular poles shall be made of welded tubes, swagged and joined together. The upper edge of each joint shall be chamfered at an angle of about 45-degree. The steel poles shall be composed of three sections of diminishing diameters and minimum diameter thickness and lengths of pole shall be as shown in Table 6.2.
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6.8.7. All tubes forming parts of the above supports shall be made from hot insulated seamless or continuously welded steel in accordance with BS 6323 or equivalent applicable Standards. 6.8.8. The bottom section of the poles shall be galvanized with minimum coating of weight not less than 460-gm/-sq. m internally and externally. The length of the bottom section including the base plate to be galvanized shall be as follows: Table 6.3: Minimum galvanized length of the pole (bottom section) S.N. 1. 2. 3. 4. Pole length (m) 11 10 9 8 Minimum Galvanized length (m) 2.5 2.5 2.25 2.25 Remarks
The remaining portion of the pole shall be painted with one coat of red oxide primer as specified in IS 2074-1997. 6.8.9. Each pole shall be provided with a steel top plate 3-mm minimum thickness welded to the end of the section. The top plate shall not project beyond the perimeter of the top section. Each pole shall also be provided with a welded base plate welded to the bottom of the pole. 6.8.10. The pole shall, be drilled in accordance with the drilling patterns as defined in the Figure. All the holes shall be of 18 mm dia. Each pole shall be marked with the appropriate length as shown in Figure. 6.8.11. The folding type of poles shall be fabricated in such a way that the section pieces can be carried to the site and fitted on the site itself. The pole section on top shall have a flange and the section under it shall overlap to a length of 25 cm as shown in the diagram. The poles shall be drilled in such a way that the section in top could be securely fixed the section under it by two bolts of 5/8" x 7" at 90 degree each other. Two such joints form a complete pole of three sections as shown in Fig 2 and 3. 6.8.12. The size of the base plate shall be as per governing standard. 6.8.13. Tolerance The following tolerances shall be maintained: a) Tolerance of diameter: +/-1% b) Tolerance on weight: +/-7.5% on each pole. +/-5% on a bulk load. c) Tolerance on thickness: +/-10% on each sheet. d) Straightness: The finished poles shall not be out of straightness by more than 1/600 of the height. 6.8.14. Tests The following test (s) shall be performed for the pole furnished a. Tensile test and chemical analysis for sulphur and phosphorous b. Deflection test c. Permanent set test d. Drop test
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6.8.14.1. Number of poles selected for conducting tensile test and chemical analysis for sulphur and phosphorous shall be as given below: Table 6.4: Pole sampling for tensile test S.N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lot Size Up to 500 501 to 1000 1001 to 2000 2001 to 3000 3001 and above No of Poles 1 2 3 4 5
6.8.14.2. Number of poles selected or conducting deflection test, permanent set test and drop test shall be as given below: Table 6.5: Pole sampling for deflection test S.N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lot Size Up to 500 501 to 1000 1001 to 2000 2001 to 3000 3000 and above No of Poles 5 8 13 18 20
The deflection test, permanent set test and drop test shall be conducted in succession on each of the poles selected. 6.8.14.3.Deflection Test Each pole shall be rigidly supported for a distance from the butt end equal to the depth which it is to be planted in the ground. It shall then be loaded as cantilever and the appropriate deflection load of Table applied at right angles of the axis of pole 30 cm from the top of the poles up to 9 m ( overall ) and 60 cm from the top for poles over 9 m ( overall). For convenience in testing, the pole may be fixed horizontally and the load applied vertically. The temporary deflection due to the applied load at the point of application of load shall not exceed 157.5 mm. 6.8.14.4.Permanent Set Test This test shall be carried out immediately after the deflection test. After application of proper load specified in Table 6.2 the permanent set measured from the zero position after the release of the appropriate applied load at the point of application of the load shall not exceed 13 mm. 6.8.14.5.Drop Test The test shall be made in the case of swagged poles. The pole shall be dropped vertically with the butt end (bottom end) downwards, three times in succession from a height of 2 m on to a hardwood block 150 mm thick laid on concrete foundation. The pole shall not show any signs of telescoping or loosening of joints.
6.9.Porcelain Insulators
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of porcelain insulators, use for on overhead power line construction.
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6.9.1. All porcelain insulators shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with the Standards referenced or other national or international standards, for each type of insulator. 6.9.2. Porcelain shall be sound, free from defects, thoroughly vitrified and smoothly glazed. The glaze shall be brown in color. The glaze shall cover all exposed parts of the insulators. The design of insulators shall be such that stresses due to expansion and contraction in any part of the insulator shall not lead to deterioration. The Porcelain shall not engage directly with hard metal. 6.9.3. The cement used in construction of insulators shall not give rise to chemical reaction with metal fittings and its thickness shall be as uniform as possible. 6.9.4. The insulators should be manufactured in automatic temperature-controlled kilns to obtain uniform baking and better electrical and mechanical properties. 6.9.5. The manufacturer of the Insulator must have been accredited with ISO 9001 (including design in the scope of registration) quality certification.
6.10.
Pin Insulator
The pin insulator shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IS: 731-1971 and IS:3188 or the latest version thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. The lead thread shall be compatible with the insulator pin specified in these documents. The pin insulator shall have following ratings and features: Highest System Voltage 12 kV Rated Voltage 11 kV Creepage Distance (min) 265 mm Wet Power Frequency Withstand Voltage 35 kV Impulse Withstand Voltage 75 kV Puncture Power Frequency Voltage (min) 105 kV Visible Discharge Voltage 9 kV (effective) Cantilever Strength 5 kN G.I. Pin Head Small Standard IS Ref. S165P IS 2486 Part-II
6.11.
Disc Insulator
6.11.1. The disc insulator shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IS: 7311971 or latest version thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. 6.11.2. The disc insulator shall be ball and socket fitting type. The disc insulator shall have the following ratings and features: Highest system Voltage Rate Voltage 12 kV 11 kV
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Porcelain Diameter (min) 255 mm Spacing 145 mm Creepage Distance (min) 280 mm Power Frequency Puncture Withstand Voltage 1.3 x Actual dry flashover voltage Wet Power Frequency Withstand Voltage 35 kV Impulse Withstand Voltage 75 kV Puncture Power Frequency Voltage (min) 105 kV Visible Discharge Voltage 9 kV Mechanical Strength 45 kN Ball and Socket Size 16 mm B Applicable Standard for Special Characteristics IS: 3188-1980 Name or trademark of manufacturer. Year of manufacture. Minimum failing load in Newtons (for pin and disc insulators only) Markings on porcelain shall be printed and shall be applied before firing.
6.11.3. Each insulator shall be legibly and indelibly marked to show the following: a) b) c) d)
6.11.4. The insulators shall comply with the tests as per IS: 731-1971
6.12.
Insulator Hardware Pin
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of bolt type, long shank cross-arm insulator pins. 6.12.1. The insulator pin shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with the nominated standards or any other national or international standards that ensure at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. The insulator pin shall be furnished with a spring washer, stainless steel split lock and nut assembled on the insulator pin. The ratings and features of the insulator pins shall be as follows: Table 6.6: Rating & features S.N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Designation Head Type Total Length (mm) Stalk Length (mm) Shank Length (mm) Minimum Failing Load (kN) Applicable Standard Specification Small S165P 315 165 150 5 IS: 2486 (Part II)
The insulator pins shall be compatible with the pin insulators specified above. 6.12.2. The manufacturer of the Insulator Pin must have been accredited with ISO 9001 (including design in the scope of registration) quality certification. 6.12.3. The insulator pins shall be fabricated from hot rolled steel. The pin shall be a single piece, obtained by the process of forging. It shall not be made by jointing, welding, shrink fitting or any other process from more than one piece of material. It shall be of
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good finish free from flaws and other defects. The finish of the collar shall be such that a sharp angle between the collar and the shank is avoided 6.12.4. All ferrous components except or those made of stainless steel shall be hot dip galvanized. The threads of nuts and tapped holes, when cut after galvanizing shall be well oiled and greased. The galvanizing shall conform to IS: 2629-1985 or any other equivalent national of international standards. 6.12.5. All insulator pins shall be reasonably smooth on all surfaces and free of sharp projections. 6.12.6. Insulator pins shall comply with the following tests as per IS: 2486 (Part I). or any other equivalent national or international standards.
6.13.
Disc Insulator Fittings (Tension Set)
This specification covers the fabrication and supply of tension type disc insulator fittings. 6.13.1. The disc insulator fittings shall be supplied with ball and socket couplings (socket eye, ball eye/ball clevis etc.), twisted straps, and bolted type tension clamps. Number of U-bolts in tension set shall be 3 (three). 6.13.2. Tension clamp shall be suitable for ACSR conductor, diameter ranging from 5 mm. to 16.5 mm. 6.13.3. The ultimate strength of disc insulator fittings shall be more than 45 kN. 6.13.4. All components of disc insulator fittings shall be such that they fulfill all requirements of this specification and compatible with disc insulator specified above. 6.13.5. All parts of different fittings, which provide for interconnection, shall be made such that sufficient clearance is provided at the connection point to ensure free movement of insulator assembly. 6.13.6. The twisted strap shall be suitable for 50x100x50 mm. cross arm. Size of the holes for bolt, which anchors twisted strap with cross arm shall be suitable for insulator pins specified in above and width of the twisted strap shall be designed accordingly. Diameter of nuts and bolts of strap shall be equal to shank diameter of insulator pins. Nuts and bolts shall also be provided with spring washer and split pin. 6.13.7. Unless otherwise specified in this specifications, disc insulator fittings shall be in accordance with IS: 2486 (Part I & II) or any other equivalent national or international standards. 6.13.8. The manufacturer of the disc insulator fittings must have been accredited with ISO 9001 (including design in the scope of registration) quality certification. 6.13.9. The tension clamp shall be made of the aluminum alloy type. Other accessories like ball eye/ball clevis, socket eye, nuts, and bolts shall be made of hot rolled steel and obtained preferably by process of forging. Twisted cross arm strap shall
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be made of MS sheet metal. Cotter bolts and U-bolts shall be of galvanized steel. Cotter pins shall be stainless steel. 6.13.10.All forging and castings shall be of good finish and free from flaws and other defects. The edges on the outside of fittings, such as at the eye, socket and holes, shall be rounded. 6.13.11.All ferrous fittings and the parts other than those of aluminum alloy and stainless steel, shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with IS: 2629-1985 or any other equivalent national or international standards. 6.13.12.The disc insulator fittings shall comply with the following tests as per IS: 2486 (Part I) or any other equivalent national or international standards. 6.13.13. The tension clamp shall be marked with name or trademark of manufacturer.
6.14.
Stay Set
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of adjustable threaded, galvanized, ferrous, stay sets and nuts for use in overhead line construction. 6.14.1. Description 6.14.1.1. The stay set shall consist of mild steel; galvanized stay rod; stay tightener or adjustable head complete with stay plate a thimble of dimensions shall in the drawings in Construction Standards NEA 6.14.1.2. The stay rod shall be fabricated of mild steel of minimum tensile strength of 4200 kg/sq.cm. The other technical features and dimensions are given in Table 1 attached herewith. The stay tightener shall be made of mild steel of minimum ultimate tensile strength of 42,000kg/sq.cm. The thimbles shall be made of 1.219mm (18 SWG) GI sheet, and shall be suitable for terminating steel stay wire with a preformed grip. 6.14.1.3. The stay plate shall be square type MS plate of dimensions shown in the attached drawings and mentioned in Table 1. The plate shall have a matching hole at the center to fit the end of the stay rod. 6.14.2. Fabrication 6.14.2.1. The stay rod and nut shall be fabricated to the shape and dimensions specified in Drawings of Construction Standards NEA. 6.14.2.2. The thread form at the threaded end of the rod, and that of the accompanying nut, shall be optional with the supplier. However, it shall be the responsibility of the Supplier to supply the stay rod with a thread form that shall sustain the rated loads specified in Table 1 without creep or stripping over the full life of the rod material at specified diameter. 6.14.2.3. After fabrication, the stay rod and nut shall be hot-dip zinc galvanized in accordance with IS 2629-1985, latest edition, or to an equivalent hot-dip galvanizing standard which produces equal or superior result. 6.14.2.4. After galvanizing, the nut and rod threading shall be such that the nut may be run the full length of the thread without the use of tools.
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6.14.3. Tests Apart from the tests indicated in the relevant referenced standard of steel , the stay set shall undergo following tests: Visual Inspection. Verification of dimensioned. Tensile strength: The stay set assemblies shall withstand a minimum tensile loads specified in Table 1. Bend test: The stay rod shall be bend-tested over a mandrel of 19 mm millimeter through an angle of 90 degrees at any point in the un-threaded section of the rod without fracture of the steel. Temperature of the test shall be 68 degrees Fahrenheit (22.5 deg Celsius). Table 6.7: Ratings and Features S.N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Designation Length of Stay rod (m) Diameter of stay rod(mm) Ultimate tensile strength of stay rod and turn-buckle( Kg/sq.cm) Minimum breaking load (Kg) Length of threaded portion(mm) Thimble shape Thimble section Stay plate section Eyebolt length (mm) Galvanization Specifications 1.8 16 4200 10,454 300 Suitable for 7/10 SWG stay wire 18 SWG (min) 600*600*600mm 300 IS: 2629-1985 1.8 16 4200 64,433 300 Suitable for 7/12 SWG stay wire 18 SWG (min) 300*300*6mm 300 IS: 2629-1985
6.15.
Stranded Stay Wire
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of zinc-coated steel wire for use in overhead power line as stay wire ropes for line support (poles). 6.15.1. The steel strand shall be fabricated in accordance with B.S. 183 1972/ (1983) or an equivalent national or international standard. The wires shall be 45-ton quality fully galvanized by hot dip process to British Standards or equivalent. The steel wire strand shall have a left-hand lay. The steel wires shall have no joint throughout the whole length. Strands shall be uniform and shall have no defects such as cracks, dust encapsulation or crevices. Further details are given in Table 1 herein. 6.15.2. The steel wire strand shall be furnished in reels holding approximately 300m (1000ft). Each reel shall have a weather-resistant tag securely attached showing the length, nominal diameter, number of individual wires, grade of the strand, and the class of zinc coating. 6.15.3. The testing of individual wires and complete conductor shall be in accordance with the nominated standards. Table 6.8: Ratings and Features S.N. Designation Specifications
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Stay Wire(Number of wire/SWG) Grade Steel quality (ton) Diameter of Wires (mm) Minimum Weight kg/km Zinc coating of steel Applicable standard
7/10 7/12 700 700 45 45 3.25 2.64 450 300 According to B.S.443 (1982) B.S 183 1972(1983)
6.16.
Stay Insulator
6.16.1. The stay insulator shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IS: 53001969 or the latest version thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. The stay insulator shall have following ratings and features. Highest system voltage Rated voltage Creepage distance (min) Minimum failing load Power frequency withstands voltage, Dry Wet IS designation 6.16.2. Marketing 6.16.2.1. Each insulator shall be legibly and indelibly marked to show the following: a) Name or trademark of manufacturer. b) Year of manufacture. 6.16.2.2. Markings on porcelain shall be printed and shall be applied before firing. 6.16.3. Tests The insulators shall comply with the tests as per IS: 731-1971 12 kV 11 kV 41 mm 44 KN 1 minute 18 kV 8 kV A
6.17.
Cross-arm and Angles Bracing
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of steel cross-arms and bracing members commonly used in overhead power line construction. 6.17.1. Material 6.17.1.1. The steel cross-arms shall be fabricated from hot-rolled channels and angles. 6.17.1.2. The steel channels and angles shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with Indian Standards IS: 226-1975 and IS-808-1964 or any revision thereof or other equivalent national or international standard provided that the resulting steel stock is of equal quality and strength. The minimum tensile strength of the steel shall be 4200 kg/cm2. 6.17.2. Description 6.17.2.1. The steel cross-arms and bracing angles shall be of sizes shown in the Table 1: Cross-arms and bracing angles, contained herein.
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6.17.2.2. Conceptual hole pattern and size of holes on cross-arm channels are shown in appropriate drawings herein, however, the Supplier must confirm with the Project the locations and sizes of holes prior to the manufacture. 6.17.2.3. The surface of the steel shall be flat after drilling or (punching) and free of dimpling or imperfections. The hole edges shall be broken by reaming. The holes shall be full dimension after galvanizing and no minus tolerance of specified hole size will be accepted. 6.17.2.4. The steel cross-arm and bracing angles shall be furnished reasonably smooth on all surfaces and free of burrs or sharp projections. 6.17.3. Galvanizing The steel cross-arms and bracing angles shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 2629-1985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.17.4. Tests Apart from the tests indicated herein in the referenced standards, the channels and angles shall undergo following tests: Visual Inspection; Verification of Dimensions. Table 6.9: Steel Cross-arm Channels and Angle Braces S.N 1. Description Type Triangular configuration 11 kV Single pole 1.1 Pole top Channel 1.2 Standard Channel H- Pole Structure 11 kV 2.1 Standard 2.2 Bracing Member Channel Angle Angle Dimension(mm) 100*50*6.4*5*300 100*50*6.4*5*1200 100*50*6.4*5*1800 100x50x6.4x5x2800 100x50x6.4x5x3000 40x40x5x2400 40x40x5x1935 100x50x6.4x5x2800
2.
3.
Lightening Arrester and Cutout Support (at transformer Platform) 3.1 Support Channel
6.18.
Flat Cross-arm Brace
This Specification covers the fabrication, testing and supply of flat, galvanized steel crossarm braces. 6.18.1. Material 6.18.1.1. The flat cross-arms brace shall be fabricated out of hot-rolled steel flat. 6.18.1.2. The steel flat for cross-arms brace shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with Indian Standards IS: 226-1975, and IS-1731-1971 or any revision thereof or other equivalent national or international standard
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provided that the resulting steel stock is of equal quality and strength. The minimum tensile strength of the steel shall be 4200 kg/cm2. 6.18.2. Description 6.18.2.1. The brace shall be furnished reasonably smooth on all surfaces and free of burrs or sharp projections. 6.18.2.2. The surface of the steel shall be flat after drilling or (punching) and free of dimpling or imperfections. The hole edges shall be broken by reaming. The holes shall be full dimension after galvanizing and no minus tolerance of specified hole size will be accepted. 6.18.2.3. The brace shall have a minimum tensile strength of 3182 kg at the bolt-hole and bolt slot. 6.18.2.4. The brace shall be capable of being bent 10 degrees at the bolt hole or slot and 140 degrees at any point between hole and slot without cracking of the base metal on the outside of bent portion. 6.18.2.5. The brace shall be drilled and dimensioned in accordance with drawings And Construction Standards of Nepal Electrical Authority. 6.18.3. Galvanizing The flat cross arm brace shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 26291985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.18.4. Tests Apart from the tests indicated herein in the referenced standards, the flat cross arm brace shall undergo following tests: Visual Inspection; Verification of Dimensions
6.19.
Transformer Platform
This specification covers the fabrication and supply of transformer platforms used in overhead power line construction. 6.19.1. Material 6.19.1.1. The transformer platform shall be fabricated from hot-rolled channels, angles and steel members. 6.19.1.2. The steel channels and angles for transformer platform shall be fabricated in accordance with Indian Standards IS: 226-1975 and IS-808-1964 or any revision thereof or other equivalent national or international standard provided that the resulting steel stock is of equal quality and strength. The minimum tensile strength of the steel shall be 4200 kg/cm2. 6.19.2. Description 6.19.2.1. The platform shall be fabricated out of galvanized steel members, field assembled by bolting. 6.19.2.2. The platform will support the transformer above the ground and will be supported by two pole structures of tubular steel telescopic or pre-stressed
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concrete (PSC) poles. Transformers will be bolted to the platform at four (4) points. Provision should be made for the mounting of transformers of different physical dimensions and ratings up to 200 kVA. 6.19.2.3. The platform shall be designed by the supplier and fabricated, in general, in accordance with the conceptual configuration as described in Construction Standards contained herein. The design shall provide support for a transformer of a minimum of 1500 kg in weight with a minimum safety factor of 2.0. The Platform shall be stiff and shall be capable of withstanding horizontal forces and an overturning moment due to seismic effects on a transformer with center of gravity 0.5 meter above its base and seismic horizontal acceleration of 0.4g. The platform shall be stiff and shall not visibly deflect under static loading. 6.19.2.4. The platform shall be supplied disassembled, complete with all required members and fastenings. Packing may be made by banding structural members. Fastenings shall be separately packed. Structural members shall be clearly identified for ease of assembly in accordance with the assembly drawing furnished by the supplier. 6.19.2.5. The platform shall be capable of attaching to support poles on the range of 150 to 250 mm. diameter for tubular pole; 250 to 350 mm in width and 140 to 180 mm depth for PSC poles. 6.19.3. Galvanizing All ferrous parts of transformer platform shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 2629-1985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.19.4. Tests Apart from the tests indicated herein in the referenced standards, the transformer platform shall undergo following tests: Visual Inspection; Verification of Dimensions
6.20.
Pole Clamps
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of galvanized steel pole clamps with nuts, bolts and washers for use on overhead power line construction. 6.20.1. Material 6.20.1.1. The pole clamp shall be fabricated out of hot-rolled steel flat. 6.20.1.2. The steel flat for pole clamp shall be fabricated and tested in accordance with Indian Standards IS: 226-1975, and IS-1731-1971 or any revision thereof or other equivalent national or international standard provided that the resulting steel stock is of equal quality and strength. The minimum tensile strength of the steel shall be 4200 kg/cm2. 6.20.2. Description 6.20.2.1. Outline details of pole clamps are shown in the drawings, Construction Standards of the Bidding Document. Dimensions may be changed to comply
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with the final pole sizes selected. Therefore, the dimensions must be confirmed with the Project prior to manufacture. 6.20.2.2. Two (2) numbers of galvanized, 16 mm. (dia.) X 60mm. (length), fully threaded bolts with two (2) nuts and washers shall be provided with each pole clamp. 6.20.2.3. The fittings shall be free of burrs, splinters, splits, sharp points and edges, which may damage conductors or show evidence of poor workmanship. 6.20.2.4. The surface of the steel shall be flat after drilling or (punching) and free of dimpling or imperfections. The hole edges shall be broken by reaming. The holes shall be full dimension after galvanizing and no minus tolerance of specified hole size will be accepted. 6.20.2.5. The pole clamps shall have a minimum tensile strength of 3182 kg at the bolt-hole and bolt slot. 6.20.3. Galvanizing The pole clamps and nut, bolts and washers shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 2629-1985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.20.4. Tests Apart from the tests indicated herein in the referenced standards, the pole clamps shall undergo following tests: Visual Inspection; Verification of Dimensions;
6.21.
Galvanized Steel Bolts, Nut and Miscellaneous Fastening
Components
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of galvanized steel bolts and nuts, as specified herein, for use in overhead electric line construction. 6.21.1. Material The bolts and nuts shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with IS: 1363 (Part I)1984 or the latest version thereof or any other national or international standards that ensures at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above, will also be acceptable. 6.21.2. General 6.21.2.1. Bolts and nuts shall be furnished in the types, diameters and lengths specified in the Price Schedule. However, the dimensions and length of threading of bolt must be confirmed with the Project prior to manufacture. 6.21.2.2. Thread forms shall be consistent with all material/items listed herein and shall not strip or slip under sustained tensile loading equal to the design tensile strength of the threaded material item.
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6.21.3. Machine Bolt and Nut Each machine bolt shall be furnished with two (2) hexagonal nuts and two (2) plain washers assembled thereon. 6.21.4. Double-Arming Bolt and Nut Each double-arming bolt shall be furnished with four (4) hexagonal nuts and two (2) washers assembled thereon. 6.21.5. Galvanizing The stranded stay wire shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 26291985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.21.6. Tests The bolt and nut shall undergo tests in accordance with the relevant governing standard.
6.22.
Ground Rods and Clamps
This Specification covers the fabrication and supply of galvanized steel ground rods and clamps for use in overhead power line construction. 6.22.1. Ground Rod 6.22.1.1. The ground rod shall be made of high carbon, open-hearth steel so as to achieve maximum strength. It shall be hot dip galvanized. 6.22.1.2. The ground rod shall be 19mm in diameter and 8 Feet in overall length. 6.22.1.3. The driven end of the ground rod shall have a truncated cone point. The cone point shall be approximately 13mm long, measured along the axis of the ground rod. The driving head of the ground rod shall have an approximate 3 mm, 45 degrees chamfer. The manufacturing process shall assure that ground rod does not bend when driven into hard soils. 6.22.2. Ground Rod Clamp 6.22.2.1. The ground rod clamp shall be heavy duty forged steel clamp provided with a hex head cup point set screw of high strength steel with machine-cut threads. It shall be so manufactured that it gives low resistance connection. The ground rod clamp shall be galvanized. 6.22.2.2. The clamp shall suitably accommodate and clamp a 19 mm. ground rod and a stranded grounding conductor of 7/12 SWG size. 6.22.3. Galvanizing The galvanization of ground rod and clamp shall be in accordance with IS: 2629-1985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least a substantially equal quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. 6.22.4. Testing Testing shall be in accordance with the governing standard.
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6.23.
Grounding Conductor
This specification covers the fabrication and supply of galvanized stranded steel grounding conductor for use in the neutral grounding of distribution transformers and body grounding of electrical equipment. 6.23.1. Description The conductor shall be 7-wire stranded conductor and shall conform to the characteristics as specified in Table 1 contained herein. Stranded conductor shall be galvanized. 6.23.2. Galvanizing The stranded stay wire shall be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with IS: 26291985 or any revision thereof or any other national or international standards that ensure at least equal or better quality to the standard mentioned above will also be acceptable. Table 6.10: Grounding conductor minimum requirements S.N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Designation Number of Strands Diameter of Single Strand (mm) Weight (kg/km) Short time fusing Current Resistivity Specifications 7, 12 SWG 2.67 299 1 kA for 1 Sec. 14 Micro- Ohm-cm
6.24.
ACSR Conductor
This Specification covers the requirement of aluminum conductors, steel reinforced (ACSR) commonly used on overhead power line construction. 6.24.1. The ACSR conductor shall be a concentrically strand right-hand lay conductor. 6.24.2. The ACSR conductor shall be fabricated in accordance with BS: 215/ IEC: 209, latest revision, and all referenced standards therein or other equivalent national standards which will result in a conductor of same stranding, quality, conductor diameter, stand size, direction of lay, and lay ratio. These equal characteristics are required to achieve full tensioning capability with bolted type tension sets; with full/tension compression splices and other commonly use line hardware. 6.24.3. The specification Dog, Rabbit and Weasel conductor shall be: Table 6.11: ACSR Conductor Specification Code name Dog Rabbit Weasel Nominal area, mm2 100 50 30 Stranding, (Al/steel) 6/7 6/1 6/1 Breaking strength, kN 32.7 18.35 11.4 Mass, kg/km 394 214 128 Resistance at 20 o C (Ohm/Km) 0.273 0.540 0.907
6.24.4. The ACSR conductors must be manufactured by a company approved to quality standard ISO 9001 or ISO 9002. The ISO certification number, the name of the
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authorized approving authority with the contact address and telephone and fax numbers shall also be stated. The Bidder shall enclose a verified copy of the ISO certificate with the bid. 6.24.5. All conductors shall be packaged in non-returnable wooden reels and shall be protected against damage in handling, shipping, and storage by heavy wood lagging securely applied to each reel. All reels shall be sufficiently sturdy to withstand shipment, storage and field construction operations without distortion or disintegration. 6.24.6. Each reel of the conductors furnished shall contain only one (1) length of conductor. 6.24.7. All reels shall be legibly marked in paint with the following information: a) Size of conductor b) Type of conductor c) Length in meters d) Net weight of conductor e) Direction of rolling 6.24.8. The manufactured conductor shall be tested in full compliance with the governing standard (including the following tests) and a certified test report shall be produced for all tests conducted. Aluminum Wire (a) Tensile Test (b) Wrapping Test (c) Resistivity Test Steel Wire (a) Tensile Test
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Micro Hydro Projects Interconnection Equipment Standards and Specification

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Micro Hydro Projects Interconnection Equipment Standards and Specification

MHP Interconnection Equipment Standards & Specification

MHP Interconnection Equipment Standards & Specification