NOTES:

Circulatory System:
What is the job of the Circulatory System? The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells. Parts of the Circulatory System The circulatory System is divided into three ma or parts: !. The "eart #. The $lood %. The $lood &essels The Heart The Heart is an amazing organ. The heart beats about % $I''I() times during an average lifetime. It is a muscle about the size of your fist. The heart is located in the center of your chest slightly to the left. It*s ob is to pump your blood and +eep the blood moving throughout your body. It is your ob to +eep your heart healthy and there are three main things you need to remember in order to +eep your heart healthy. !. ,xercise on a regular basis. -et outside and play. .eep that body moving /wal+, og, run, bi+e, s+ate, ump, swim0. #. ,at "ealthy. 1emember the 2ood 3yramid and ma+e sure your eating your food from the bottom to top. %. 4on*t Smo+e5 4on*t Smo+e5 4on*t Smo+e5 4on*t Smo+e5 4on*t Smo+e5

The Blood The blood is an amazing substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies. 6our blood is pumped by your heart. 6our blood travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels right within your own body. 6our blood carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells. 7 young person has about a gallon of blood. 7n adult has about 8 9uarts. 6our blood is not ust a red li9uid but rather is made up of li9uids, solids and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Red Blood Cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. 1ed $lood Cells pic+ up oxygen in the lungs and transport it to all the body cells. 7fter delivering the oxygen to the cells it gathers up the carbon dioxide/a waste gas produced as our cells are wor+ing0 and transports carbon dioxide bac+ to the lungs where it is removed from the body when we exhale/breath out0. There are about !"""!""" 1ed $lood Cells in (), drop of blood. White Blood Cells #$ermi%ators& White Blood Cells help the body fight off germs. :hite $lood Cells attac+ and destroy germs when they enter the body. :hen you have an infection your body will produce more :hite $lood Cells to help fight an infection. Sometimes our :hite $lood Cells need a little help and the 4octor will prescribe an antibiotic to help our :hite $lood Cells fight a large scale infection. Platelets Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding. :hen we cut ourselves we have bro+en a blood vessel and the blood lea+s out. In order to plug up the holes where the blood is lea+ing from the platelets start to stic+ to the opening of the damaged blood vessels. 7s the platelets stic+ to the opening of the damaged vessel they attract more platelets, fibers and other blood cells to help form a plug to seal the bro+en blood vessel. :hen the platelet plug is completely formed the wound stops bleeding. :e call our platelet plugs scabs.

Plasma Plasma is the li9uid part of the blood. 7pproximately half of your blood is made of plasma. The plasma carries the blood cells and other components throughout the body. 3lasma is made in the liver. Where are the blood cells made? The 1ed $lood Cells, :hite $lood Cells and 3latelets are made by the bone marrow. $one marrow is a soft tissue inside of our bones that produces blood cells. The Blood 'essels In class we tal+ed about three types of blood (essels: !. 7rteries #. Capillaries %. &eins

)rteries )rteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood 7:76 from the heart. 1emember, 7 7 7rteries 7way, 7 7 7rteries 7way, 7 7 7rteries 7way. Ca*illaries Ca*illaries are tiny blood vessels as thin as or thinner than the hairs on your head. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. 2ood substances /nutrients0, oxygen and wastes pass in and out of your blood through the capillary walls. 'ei%s 'ei%s carry blood bac+ toward your heart. )+),-N$ .)CTS (ne drop of blood contains a half a drop of plasma, +-//-ON 1ed $lood Cells, 0" Thousa%d :hite $lood Cells and 1 " Thousa%d 3latelets. 6ou have thousands of miles of blood vessels in your body. ;$ill )ye the Science -uy; claims that you could 2ra* your blood (essels arou%d the e3uator TW-CE4 .eep your heart healthy...it*s going to have to beat about 5 B-//-ON times duri%6 your lifetime4

1espiratory System:

What is the res*iratory system? 6our respiratory system is made up of the organs in your body that help you to breathe. 1emember, that 1espiration < $reathing. The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen to the body and to ta+e away carbon dioxide. Parts of the res*iratory system /u%6s The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. In the lungs oxygen is ta+en into the body and carbon dioxide is breathed out. The red blood cells are responsible for pic+ing up the oxygen in the lungs and carrying the oxygen to all the body cells that need it. The red blood cells drop off the oxygen to the body cells, then pic+ up the carbon dioxide which is a waste gas product produced by our cells. The red blood cells transport the carbon dioxide bac+ to the lungs and we breathe it out when we exhale.

Trachea The trachea /T176=+ee=uh> is sometimes called the windpipe. The trachea filters the air we breathe and branches into the bronchi. Bro%chi The bronchi /$17")=+y0 are two air tubes that branch off of the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs. 7ia*hra6m $reathing starts with a dome=shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs called the diaphragm /46=uh=fram0. :hen you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts. :hen it contracts it flattens out and pulls downward. This movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in. This larger space pulls air into the lungs. :hen you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out. The diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing.

Why 7o - 8a2%? :hen you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not ta+e enough oxygen from the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to ta+e a deep long breath===a 67:). Why 7o - S%ee9e? Sneezing is li+e a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body*s way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. ?any things can irritate the mucous membranes. 4ust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are ust some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze. What Causes Hiccu*s? "iccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary === you have no control over hiccups, as you well +now. There are many causes of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.