SECTION 16280 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITORS PART 1 - GENERAL

Read and conform to all electrical sections of these specifications,the general instructions for electrical division, section 16010, apply to and form part of all electrical sections. These shall be read in conjunction with design drawings. 1.01 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions apply to this Section.

1.02

SUMMARY

A. This Section includes automatic power factor correction equipment rated 600 V and less. 1.03 A. 1. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Include dimensions; shipping, installed, and operating weights of multiple capacitor cells or elements; and data on features, ratings, and performance. Submit KVAr calculations with no. of steps selected as per design or as approved by Engineer, in accordance with DEWA regulations based on actual selection of equipments & subjected loads. SUBMITTALS

2.

B. Shop Drawings: Detail equipment assemblies and indicate dimensions, weights, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection. Show access and workspace requirements and required clearances. 1. Wiring Diagrams: Detail internal and interconnecting wiring and differentiate between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring. C. Qualification Data: For firms and persons specified in "Quality Assurance" Article. D. Factory Test Reports: requirements. Evidence of product's compliance with specified

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E. Field Test Reports: Indicate and interpret test results for compliance with performance requirements. F. Maintenance Data: For equipment to include in maintenance manuals specified in Division 1. Include the following: 1. Lists of spare parts and replacement components recommended for storage at Project site. 2. Detailed instructions covering operation under both normal and abnormal conditions. G. Cooling method as per selection and Equipment manufacturers requirements. 1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Comply with IEC 831, EN 60439-1 and EN 60439-3. B. Comply with ISO 9001:2000. C. CE Marking. D. Conforming to Local Power Authorities Standards. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.01 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS. Refer list of specified manufacturers. 2.02 CAPACITORS, GENERAL

A. Unusual Service Conditions: Capacitor equipment suitable for the following conditions: B. Enclosure: Steel arranged to contain the fluid leakage from capacitor cells; factory equipped with mounting brackets suitable for type of indoor mounting. C. Construction: Modular construction multiple capacitor cells or elements, factory wired in three-phase groups and mounted in metal enclosures, class IP 20C. D. Capacitor Cells: Dry, metallized-dielectric, self-healing type. Each cell shall be encapsulated in thermosetting resin inside plastic container. E. Cell Rupture Protection: Pressure-sensitive circuit interrupter for each cell. F. Rated Power: As indicated on the drawings. G. Total Losses: Less than 1.3W/KVAR

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H. Capacitor-Bank Fuses: Current-limiting, noninterchangeable type; factory installed in each phase and located within the equipment enclosure. Features include the following: 1. Interrupting Capacity: 200,000 A, minimum. 2. Fuse Ratings and Characteristics: As recommended by capacitor manufacturer. 3. Neon Indicator Lamp for Each Fuse: Connect to illuminate when fuse has opened, but is still in place, and locate so it is visible from outside the enclosure. 2.03 AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION UNITS

A. Description: Capacitor banks, contactors, controls, and accessories factory installed in independent enclosures. The enclosures shall be floor mounted or wall mounted type as per design and in accordance with DEWA regulations , made of sheet steel with a minimum degree of protection IP 54. Units include a separately mounted current transformer to sense current in the power circuit being corrected and to provide input to unit controls. A fan along with filter should be provided in the enclosure. Cooling arrangement shall be appropriate with regard to heat dissipation from the selected components so as to maintain the temperature in the enclosure within the permissible limits. B. Performance Requirements: Controls permit selection of a target power factor, adjustable to any value between unity and 0.91 lagging. Controls continuously sense the power factor on circuits being corrected and, when the power factor differs from the target setting for more than 10 seconds, operate a contractor to switch a capacitor bank into or out of the circuit. Contactors are opened or closed as required to bring the corrected circuit power factor closer to the target setting. Switch only one capacitor bank at a time. C. Controls: Solid-state, microprocessor-based controls, including the following: 1. Undervoltage relay that interrupts capacitor switching and disconnects capacitors for power supply interruptions longer than 15 minutes. 2. "Advance" and "Retard" push buttons on the control panel to permit manually controlled capacitor-bank switching. D. Contactors: Three pole; rated for the repetitive high-inrush-switching duty in the capacitor application. E. Buses: Plated copper. F. Fuses for Protection of Capacitor Banks: interconnecting wiring, and capacitors. Rated to protect contactor,

G. Inductors: Air-core-type, connected in capacitor circuits; rated to limit switching surges to within contactor ratings. H. Mechanical Bracing for Current-Carrying Parts: Adequate to withstand the maximum fault current to which they may be exposed.

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I. Identification of Energized Capacitor Banks: LED indicating lamps on front panel. J. Enclosure Access: Hinged door with hand-operated catch. Door is interlocked with controls or main circuit breaker to de-energize capacitors when door is opened. K. Local Display: LED or liquid-crystal digital type, mounted in door of enclosure. 1. Indicated target and actual power factors. 2. Accuracy: Plus or minus 1 percent. 3. Mounting: Flush or semiflush in unit door. L. Current Transformer: Type, configuration, and ratio to suit sensing and mounting conditions. M. Main Circuit Breaker: Operable from outside the enclosure to disconnect the unit. 1. Operating handle can be padlocked. N. Remote Monitoring Components: Sensors, associated communication modules, and network interface units, matched to and compatible with electrical power monitoring and control network. Communication module transmits data to remote monitoring devices. Data includes actual corrected power factor.

2.04

SERIES REACTORS FOR HARMONIC CURRENT SUPPRESSION The 3 phase series reactors to be connected in series with each capacitor stage for harmonic current suppression and to prevent resonance should be of iron cored type. The current rating of the reactors should be increased suitably to take into account the effect of harmonics in the network which could be generated by variable speed drives, dimmers, elevators, UPS systems, fax machines, computers, flourescent discharge lamps etc. The offered reactors should undergo tests wherein the reactors should be subjected to harmonic currents generated by harmonic generating test equipment. The magnitude of these harmonic currents should correspond to the harmonic current magnitude in the network. The combination of capacitors and the reactors should be tuned below the lowest harmonic present in the network. With the capacitors and suitable series reactors connected it should be proved through submission of relevant calculations that the Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion is within the limits as specified in G5/4 Engineering Recommendations on Planning levels for Harmonic Voltage Distortion and the connection of non-linear loads to Transmission Systems. If the Total Harmonic Distortion limits are exceeded even with the use of the detuned harmonic suppression capacitor banks, then appropriately rated Active Filters should be proposed in conjunction with the detuned capacitor banks to limit the Total Harmonic Distortion to below the specified limits in G5/4

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Engineering Recommendations. The specifications of Active Filters are furnished separately. 2.05 POWER FACTOR REGULATORS : The power factor regulator shall be microprocessor based, programmable at site with a full graphic display with customizable measurement overview. They shall be insensitive to harmonics and have an automatic no-volt release, suitable for operating in temperatures upto +70 degrees C. The PFR program shall permit different switching sequences, at least 1:1:1...1or 1:2:2...2 or 1:2:4:4...4 or any other customer programmable sequence. The regulator should have a programmable protection thresh hold that will allow the capacitor bank to be protected against such events as over and undervoltage, over temperature and excessive harmonic distortion. The regulator should be able to compute and display network information and capacitor bank information such as voltage, current, harmonics spectra etc. Day and night time power factors should be settable on the regulator along with the facility to log alarms by which the last 5 alarm messages can be recorded and may be consulted any time. The regulator should also have an event logging facility which records the maximum value logged between two resets of the selected measured parameters. The Cos of phi shall be adjustable from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. The capacitor switching time shall be adjustable from 1sec to 18 hours. The regulator shall also automatically adapt itself to network phase rotation and CT terminals and have a maximum consumption of 15 VA. The regulator should have a power outage release which will result in automatic disconnection of all capacitors in case of a power outage longer than 20secs. 2.06 ACTIVE HARMONICS FILTER The active filter should work on the principle of measurement of harmonic currents and generate actively a harmonic spectrum in opposite phase to the measured distorting harmonic current thereby cancelling the original harmonics. The rating of the Active Filters should be so selected that the Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion at the point of common coupling is below levels specified under G5/4 Engineering Recommendations on Planning levels for Harmonic Voltage Distortion. The active filter shall be of parallel configuration and should filter with closed loop control. The active filter should not require special Current Transformers. The active filter shall monitor all three phases of the low voltage line current in real time by means of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The output of the DSP unit in combination with a micro-controller based system shall generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to control power modules based on IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) technology which act as a current source. The PWM signal shall be of fixed switching frequency. The system shall be operated under closed loop control and shall have a maximum response time of not more than 40 milliseconds. The control system shall be such that the active filter cannot be overloaded. Simultaneous filtering shall be provided for 20 individual harmonics that shall be individually programmable per harmonic up to
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the 50th harmonic. The filtering efficiency shall be typically better than 97%. The operating power factor of the active filter shall be programmable over the range 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. Both fixed and dynamic reactive power compensation shall be available for selection by the programmer. The active filter shall be protected against over current, short-circuit, thermal overload and IGBT bridge abnormal operation. The Active Filters should be suitable for an ambient temperature of 40 deg C. The design of the active filters shall be such that the current rating of the filter system can be increased by the addition of extra power modules. Optional graphic monitoring of the wave shape shall be provided. Optional on-line harmonic analysis shall be provided. The Active Filters proposed should have been supplied in the Middle East and should have been in successful operation for over 2 years in the Middle East. After the installation of the Active Filters, harmonic measurements shall be carried out by the vendor to prove that the Total harmonic voltage distortion is within the limits confirmed by the vendor, at the time of award of the contract.

2.07

FACTORY FINISH

A. Manufacturer's standard enamel over corrosion-resistant treatment or primer coat.

2.08

SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Factory test power factor correction equipment before shipment. Include the following: 1. Routine capacitor production tests, including short-time overvoltage, capacitance, leak, and dissipation-factor tests. 2. Functional test of all operations, controls, indicators, sensors, and protective devices.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.01 INSTALLATION

A. Install freestanding equipment on concrete bases. B. Maintain minimum workspace according to manufacturer's written instructions. C. Connect remote monitoring communication module to electrical power monitoring and control data network through appropriate network interface unit. 3.02 IDENTIFICATION

A. Identify components according to Section 16010. 3.03 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Manufacturer's Field Service: Engage a factory-authorized service representative to inspect automatic power factor correction equipment installation and connections. Report results in writing. Include the following: 1. Operational Test: After electrical circuits have been energized, connect and observe units to confirm proper operation. 2. Replace damaged and malfunctioning controls and equipment. B. Inspection: Perform external and internal inspections of capacitor equipment for damage and for compliance with the Contract Documents and manufacturer's documentation. Check electrical and mechanical bolted connections for required torquing. C. Testing: Perform the following and certify compliance with test parameters: 1. Use test voltages 500 V minimum, for equipment rated 250 V and less, and 1000 V minimum, for equipment rated more than 250 V. 2. Apply test voltage for 60 seconds. 3. Investigate, report, and resolve insulation resistance less than that stated by manufacturer's literature or less than allowable 25 megohms for equipment rated 250 V and less and 100 megohms for equipment rated more than 250 V. 4. Measure capacitance of pole-to-pole capacitor combinations and compare with manufacturer's published values. Report readings, and investigate and resolve discrepancies more than 10 percent of manufacturer's nominal values. 5. Energize circuits and demonstrate electrical operating features of automatic power factor correction units according to manufacturer's written instructions. 6. Verify accuracy of remotely monitored parameters transmitted from automatic power factor correction units by communication module.

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D. Correct deficiencies shown by inspections and tests on site where possible, and retest; otherwise, remove and replace with new units and retest. 3.04 ADJUSTING

A. Adjust for optimum automatic power factor correction. B. Harmonic Analysis: After the commissioning of the detuned capacitor banks the supplier of capacitor banks shall carry out measurements to confirm the Harmonic Distortion is within the limits as confirmed. 3.05 CLEANING

A. After completing equipment installation, inspect unit components. Remove paint splatters and other spots, dirt, and debris. Repair damaged finish to match original finish. B. Clean components internally, on completion of installation, according to manufacturer's written instructions. C. Enclosure: NEMA 250, steel or aluminum, arranged to contain the fluid leakage from capacitor cells; factory equipped with mounting brackets suitable for type of mounting indicated. 3.06 DEMONSTRATION

A. Engage a factory-authorized service representative to train Owner's maintenance personnel to adjust, operate, and maintain automatic power factor correction units. Demonstrate method of determining optimum settings for system controls. END OF SECTION

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