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10I0W0I0
Ray Chcng |ovcs chcss. ! know this bccausc hc has bccn my
studcnt for scvcra| ycars and his cnthusiasm has ncvcr wancd.
NcvcrthcIcss, whcn Ray rst mcntioncd that hc wantcd to writc a
book of training cxcrciscs for thc amatcur p|aycr, ! was skcptica|.
Thc chcss markct has its sharc of training matcria|, inc|uding an
abundancc of books with co||cctions of positions to bc so|vcd.
But as Ray unfo|dcd thc p|ans for his work, ! bccamc morc and
morc intrigucd. Hc had comc up with scvcra| innovativc idcas,
mcthods that offcr thc rcadcr a gcnuinc opportunity to acquirc
thc ski||s nccdcd for ucluu p|ay.
First, instcad of sorting thc prob|cms by thcmcs, hc mixcs thcm
togcthcr so that thc studcnt has no advancc idca of what kind of
position hc is dca|ing with. !s thcrc a simp|c chcckmatc, a
comp|cx tactica| scqucncc, or a purc|y stratcgic so|ution to thc
position? Or pcrhaps a mixturc of thcsc c|cmcnts and particu|ar
thcmcs? With hindsight, Ray's point is obvious. this is prcci sc|y
thc situation that a pIaycr is confrontcd with in a rca| gamc!
Whcn considcring your ncxt movc, you'rc on your own and havc
to dccidc what to play bascd upon your own unassistcd thought
proccss. Astonishing|y, l can think of no othcr book that poscs
its prob|cms in this way without hints about how to procccd. For
cxamplc, books that ask you to nd a chcckmatc in onc, two, or
thrcc movcs tc|cgraph thcir intcntions, whcrcas cvcn books that
ask 'What's thc bcst movc?' tip you off about thc rc|cvant thcmcs
and choiccs. By contrast, Ray's book forccs you to do thc most
important thing o| a|| . think for yoursc|f.
A rclatcd prob|cm is thc dcgrcc of di mculty. Most cxcrcisc
books movc from casicr prob|cms to morc cha||cnging oncs.
Othcrs cxp|icit|y indicatc to thc rcadcr how hard a givcn position
is to so|vc. Oncc again, this is not information i mpartcd to a
p|aycr in thc rca| wor|d of compctition. Thcrcforc Ray has donc
what sccms obvious in rctrospcct. hc has not on|y choscn a widc
rangc o| prob|cms |rom c|cmcntary to advanccd, but has
randomizcd thc ordcr of thc cxcrciscs with rcspcct to thcir
0
comp|cxity and casc of so|ution. Again, this simp|c arrangcmcnt
of matcria| is sc|dom if cvcr to bc found in othcr chcss books.
Thcsc innovations apart, what about thc prob|cms thcmsc|vcs?
Ray spcnt ovcr a ycar compi|ing cxamp|cs, drawing in |argc part
from an unconvcntiona| sourcc. thc gamcs of amatcurs. Thcsc
wcrc typical|y p|aycd on thc !ntcmct, whcrc vcnturc to say that
thc majority of gamcs by scrious p|aycrs wi | | soon bc contcstcd.
Thosc invo|vcd in p|aying gamcs via thc !ntcmct should gain
insight i nto thcir typica| tcndcncics and shortcomings. Thcy arc
not so diffcrcnt from thc oncs that show up during ovcr-thc-
board p|ay, and on|y app|icd study can adcquatc|y addrcss and
corrcct thcm. Ray's undcrstanding of thc ways in which amatcurs
think a||ows him to touch upon arcas of misundcrstanding and
ovcrsight that don't occur to thc mastcrs who usua||y writc
cxcrcisc books. !n most cascs thcy toss togcthcr tactica|
cxamp|cs from mastcr gamcs, without particu|ar thought to thc
amatcur audicncc. Thcrc cou|d hard|y bc a grcatcr contrast to thc
cIfort that Ray has invcstcd in thc book bcIorc you.
Chcss authors arc constant|y c|aiming that thcy don't mcrc|y
impart information, but a|so tcach you how to think. As a
tcachcr, ! am painfu||y awarc of how sc|dom that is thc casc.
Tru|y making onc's own dccisions without dcpcnding upon
othcrs' advicc i s usua||y thc |ast stcp in bccoming a strong p|aycr.
But iI you carcIu||y work through thc book bcforc you, you wi||
incvi tab|y improvc in that rcgard, and gain thc satisfaction that
comcs from grcatcr mastcry of thc gamc.
1ohn Watson
!ntcmationa| Mastcr
HlI000l0H
This book is a training and improvcmcnt program for amatcur
chcss p|aycrs. !t compriscs 600 chcss cxcrciscs and thcir
so|utions. !t i s un|ikc any othcr chcss training book. Whi|c othcrs
focus on|y on tactics, this onc covcrs
Tactics
Attack
Dcfcnsc
Thrcat !dcntication
Countcrp|ay
Opcnings
Midd|cgamcs
Lndgamcs
Thc Thought Proccss
Positiona| I|ay
Stratcgy
Lach cxcrcisc consists of a diagrammcd chcss position, and your
lask is to nd thc bcst movc. For cach position you arc to|d on|y
which sidc is to movc; thcrc is no furthcr sct-up. For cxamp|c,
you wi | | not nd a caption undcr thc diagram such as 'Whitc to
matc in 3, or How can B|ack cxp|oit thc undcfcndcd rook on
a l ? Thc intcntion is to furnish on|y thc information that you
wou|d havc during a rcal gamc, whcn no such hints arc cxpcctcd
or pcrmittcd. !ndccd, any kind of training tcnds to bc morc
cffcctivc to thc cxtcnt that it simu|atcs thc conditions of actua|
compctition. That is onc of thc corc princip|cs o| this book. For
simi|ar rcasons, thc cxcrcisc positions arc not groupcd by thcmc
or |abc|cd by |cvc| of diicu|ty. Again, thc idca is that in a rca|
gamc, no onc is going to whispcr in your car 'Hcy, you havc a
ki |lcr knight |ork, or You` d bcttcr spcnd a l itt|c cxtra timc on
this movc, bccausc it ratcs four stars in difcu|ty.
Most chcss puzz|c books consist cntirc|y of tactica| cxcrciscs,
but thcrc is a downsidc to thi s. Kowing at thc outsct that thcrc is
a tactic to bc found di|utcs thc valuc of thc cxcrci sc. Indccd, it
cncouragcs thc rcadcr to adopt an abridgcd thought proccss -
|umping right into ca|cu|ating outragcous sacriccs, for instancc,
without bcing |cd toward thc so|ution by ski||tu||y rcading thc
c|ucs in thc position. 1ust as ohcn, this rcadcr might prcmaturc|y
stop ca|cu|ating oncc a p|ausib|c tactic has bccn found (and
amrmcd by thc so|ution in thc back ot thc book), without
bothcring to doub|c-chcck whcthcr it rca||y works. For that
rcason ! inc|udcd a numbcr ot positions whcrc thcrc is a
tcmpting tactical try that fai |s tor somc rcason, and thc bcst movc
is somcthing c|sc cntirc|y. !n rca| | itc, many (and pcrhaps most)
tactica| possibi|i tics tum out to bc awcd, and thus thc habit ot
doub|c-chccking thcm is wc|| worth cu|tivating. Likcwisc, !
inc|udcd positions in which it is your opponcnt who has thc
tactica| thrcat; your job is thcn to idcntify thc thrcat and takc any
appropriatc dctcnsivc mcasurcs.
Many ot thc cxcrciscs in this book covcr tactica| thcmcs, whi |c
othcrs nccd not havc a tactica| rcso|ution at a||. Thcrc arc
cxcrciscs bui|t upon positiona| idcas, such as outposts, wcak
squarcs, pawn structurc, supcrior minor piccc, and positiona|
sacriccs. Othcr cxcrciscs arc conccmcd with basic thcorctica|
cndgamcs that cvcry chcss p|aycr shou|d know, or thcy fcaturc
intcrcsting cndgamc positions that havc occurrcd in practicc.
Many of thcm wn| i | |ustratc important cndgamc conccpts,
inc|uding thc activc king, opposition, rooks bchnd passcd
pawns, and thc outsidc passcd pawn. As far as opcnngs go, you
wi | | not bc tcstcd tor your spcci c know|cdgc of thcorctica|
book movcs. You w| |, howcvcr, nccd to hand|c opcnng
positions bascd on mndamcnta| prncp|cs, such as thosc
conccming thc ccntcr, dcvc|opmcnt, and cast|ing. Of coursc,
thcrc wi | | a|so bc opcning tactics and b|undcrs to contcnd with.
Thc cxcrciscs n ths book appcar in random ordcr, not on|y by
thcmc, but a|so by |cvc| of di mcu|ty. Acr a||, bcing ab|c to
judgc how much timc and cncrgy to dcvotc to a particu|ar
postion i s a va|uab|c sk|| during actua| compctiton. Thc
cxcrcscs rangc trom vcry smp|c to vcry dmcu|t, with most
fa||ing into thc midd|c catcgorics. For thc sakc of rcfcrcncc !
havc labc|cd thc so|utons (but not thc cxcrcisc positions
thcmsc|vcs, ot coursc) wth up to tour stars to indcatc thcir
approximatc dmcu|ty.
V
Bccausc thcy arc not accompanicd by articia| hints, working
through thcsc cxcrciscs wi | | insti|| a morc comp|ctc and rca|istic
movc sc|cction proccss. Thcy prcscnt opportunitics to uti | izc and
strcngthcn your tactica| vision, positiona| undcrstanding,
thcorctica| know|cdgc, and intuitivc judgmcnt in an intcgratcd
and ho|istic manncr. In addition, thcy wi | | cnhancc your abi|ity
to anticipatc your opponcnt's idcas, ca|cu|atc variations, and
cva|uatc thc rcsu|ting positions accuratc|y.
Consi stcnt with thc spirit oI this book, you shou|d try to so|vc
cach prob|cm dircct|y Irom thc diagram; or, sct up thc initia|
position on a board, but do a|| oI thc ana|ysis in your hcad
without moving thc picccs. You can cvcn usc a c|ock to add thc
timc c|cmcnt, giving yoursc|I, say, ha|I an hour to do cach pagc
oI six positions. In short, thcsc cxcrciscs wi| | hc|p you to dcvc|op
thc Iu| | rangc oI ski |Is that you nccd to succccd in practica| p|ay.
Un|ikc a rca| gamc, howcvcr, you wi|| rcccivc immcdiatc,
constructivc Iccdback on cvcry movc sc|cction. !n addition, thcsc
cxcrciscs wi|| put you in contact with a wca|th oI important
chcss thcmcs and idcas, not a|| oI which you may havc
cncountcrcd in your own gamcs.
Thc so|utions wcrc chcckcd using a numbcr oI strong computcr
cngincs. Thc main | inc oI cach so|ution appcars in bcld Iacc.
Somctimcs thc main |inc |o|lows not thc obj cctivc|y bcst
dcIcnsc, but rathcr thc grcatcst p|ausib|c rcsi stancc. For
cxamp|c, thc bcst dcIcnsc to a tactica| combination might bc to
acccdc to thc |oss oI a knight on movc two, howcvcr, by putting
up rcasonab|c rcsistancc thc dcIcndcr might |ast vc additiona|
movcs, and thcn |osc a rook. This approach hc|ps to bring out
rc|cvant variations, and morc c|osc|y corrcsponds to thc way
most humans think. !n somc cxcrciscs, particu|ar|y thosc with a
stratcgic or positiona| thcmc, thcrc is ncccssari|y a subjcctivc
c|cmcnt. Whi|c in thosc cascs thcrc may bc morc than onc
acccptab|c movc, ! tricd to sc|cct onc that wou|d mcct thc
rcquircmcnts oI thc position in a spccia| way.
Fina||y, this co||cction oI cxcrciscs is distinguishcd by anothcr
critica| Icaturc. thc vast majority oI thc positions wcrc takcn
|rom amatcur gamcs. (I rc|icd on mastcr gamcs primari|y Ior
cxamp|cs oI positiona| p|ay.) Why shou|d this makc a
diffcrcncc? Wc amatcurs usc a much widcr varicty of opcnings
than mastcrs, many considcrcd unsound at thc highcst |cvc|s (and
indccd somc arc unsound at any |cvc| ! ). Wc rightm||y continuc
p|aying out positions that thc pro|cssional wou|d dismiss as
rcsignab|c. Wc makc morc mistakcs, wc makc worsc mistakcs,
and wc makc mi stakcs of dicrcnt kinds. Iositions arising from
mastcr gamcs can bc marvc|s of piccc coordination and activity.
!n our gamcs, howcvcr, i t i s not uncommon for both p|aycrs to
havc p|accd thcir pi cccs awkward|y, or to havc pursucd p|ans
inconsistcnt with thc dcmands of thc position. Rudo|f Spic|mann
oncc quippcd, ! can scc A|ckhinc's combinations as wc|| as hc
can, ! just can't gct his positions. Spic|mann was a wor|d c|ass
mastcr; his words shou|d p|acc into pcrspccti vc thc di mcu|tics
thc rcst of us suffcr down in thc |owcr scctions.
For al| thcsc rcasons, thc positions you wi | | nd on thc fo| lowing
pagcs do not rcscmb|c thosc gathcrcd i n othcr chcss cxcrcisc
books. Rathcr, thcy contain thc fu| | rangc of cha||cngcs and
opportunitics that wc ordinary morta|s facc at thc chcssboard, on
thc |ong road toward i mprovcmcnt and succcss.
LX0IS0S H0 b00l0HS
Thc fo| |owing pagcs contain 600 chcss training cxcrciscs. Each
cxcrci sc consists of a diagrammcd chcss position. You arc to|d
on|y which sidc has thc movc. For cach position your task is to
nd thc bcst movc, and bc ab|c to support your choicc using
words and ana|ysis.
Thc cxcrciscs arc |aid out on thc |ch-hand pagcs, six to a pagc.
Thcir solutions appcar on thc corrcsponding right-hand pagcs
(rathcr than a scparatc scction at thc cnd of thc book). Thc
so|utions shou|d bc covcrcd up using a |argc indcx card or a
fo|dcd shcct of papcr, and uncovcrcd as you procccd through thc
cxcrctscs.
I o !80K IO mOVC 4. YhIC IO mOVC
Z. Yh IC lO mOVC J. Yh IC IO mOVC
J. 8CK lO mOVC . YhlC lO mOVC
()*
lcrk
... NbJ! 2.Rb Nc5 wins thc cxchangc (i. c. , a rook lor a minor
piccc).
(2)**1racd iccc,lccklcr bcttcrmcvc
Whitc cou|d ccrtain|y pick up thc cxchangc by I . Bxd8. But with
so lcw opcn l|cs, and with so many picccs on thc board, thc
matcria| imba|ancc might not bc advantagcous lor qui tc somc
timc. Bcsidcs, Whitc shou|d rst chcck whcthcr thcrc is an cvcn
bcttcr movc, and indccd thcrc is onc. .Nb4! traps thc B|ack
quccn. ( I .Nd4 is also cllcctivc.) Notc that thc dcspcratc try
I . . . Nxc4 wou|d bc mct by 2. Qc3.
(J)***Ucnycncmycutcsls
Thcrc isn't a tactica| shot, but thcrc is a positiona| crisis. Givcn
thc chancc, Whitc would p|ay Nd5 and Bl5, whcn his linc|y
placcd picccs can stand up to Bl ack's quccn. B|ack stops this
p|an by ...Ncb! . Now 2.Nd5 runs into 2... Qcb J.Bxcb lxcb
driving thc piccc back.
(4)***Gainacrucialtcmc
Whitc's p|an is to abandon thc b-pawn, and msh his king ovcr to
thc kingsidc to cat B|ack's rcmaining pawns. Hc gains a prccious
tcmpo with this |itt|c lncssc. . Kb2! ! Kb5 2.KcJ Kc5 J.KdJ
Kb4 4. Kc4 KxbJ. Thc point is that thc Whitc king is on c4
rathcr than d3 whcn B|ack capturcs thc b-pawn. As it tums out,
this onc tcmpo makcs thc dilIcrcncc bctwccn a win and a draw.
(5)**Rcmcvc lhcguard,skcwcr
Whitc wins hcavy matcria| by .Qxg5!, rcmoving thc dclcndcr
olh?. ...lxg52.Rh8+KfJ.R8h7+Kg84.Rxc7.
(b)*Blundcrchcck
Thc Whitc kight on g3 is hanging (sincc thc L pawn is pinncd).
Moving it away is bcst. .Nl .
+
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V. YhlC lO mOVC 1. YhlC lO mOVC
b
(
()
**Uccctcn,matc
AItcr ...l! (thrcatcning matc and dcccting thc dclcndcr ol h3 )
2.BxlRxhJ,Whitc cannot prcvcnt matc.
(8)
**Llcarancc, lcrk
.Bc4+ (c|caring b5 lor thc knight) . ..Kh82.Nb5scoops up thc
ishop on d6.
()**Ucccticn,rcmcticn
.Qxc8+! Qxc8 2.Bab! . B|ack must givc up his quccn or a||ow
thc pawn to promotc.
(0)****Ficcc sacricctccxcsc cncmy king
Thc obvious try I . . .Qxc2+ 2. Kal Rb8 3.Qc2 Qxc2 4. Rxc2 Nc5
5.Rxc5+ Nc6 |cads to an unc|car strugg|c. !nstcad, B|ack can
takc chargc with thc spcctacu|ar piccc sac ...NcJ+! ! 2.bxcJ
QxcJJ.Qc2 3. Rc2 Rb8+ 4.Kc I Qa| + 5. Kd2 Rd8+ nabs a rook,
3. a3 Qxc2+ 4. KaI Qc3+ 5.Ka2 Ra8 and Whitc must shcd a rook
via 6. Rxc5+ to stavc oll immcdiatc matcj J Rb8+4.Kc QaJ+
5.Kd2 Rd8.Whitc must givc up his quccn.
( )**Obtain dcalawn ccntcr
3Ck 3S I3K0H 3 Q3uS0 lIOH l0 SIIu__0 IO COHIIO Ih0 0
SQu3l0, SO Il0 SOu0 S0IZ0 I0 I003 Q3WH C0HI0I Dy
.c+.
(2)**Achicvcccstc-cclcrcd bshcs
Down two pawns, Whitc's bcst chancc to ho|d a draw is .Bg5!
Kcb 2.Bxlb Bxlb, rcaching an cnding with oppositc-co|orcd
bishops. Whitc can hopc to sct up a b|ockadc a|ong thc |ight
squarcs.
0
1O. 30K IO mOVC . YhIC IO mOVC
4. YhIC IO mOVC . YhIC IO mOVC
J. YhlC lO mOVC . YhIC IO mOVC
( J)***Fcsiticnalawnsac
. .. c4! 2.lxc4 Nc5. B| ack gcts an outpost lor his knight, thc c-l|c
(with targcts) lor his rook, and grcatcr scopc lor his bishop.
Whtc's |ight-squarcd bishop s obstructcd by his own pawn on
c4, howcvcr.
(4)***5wadclcndcrclcutcsts
To takc advantagc ol thc nicc squarcs at c4, d6 and l5, Whitc has
.Bc4! , c|iminating thc cncmy scntry. ...Bxc4 or I . . . B
2.Bxl+ Kxl 3. Qc4+ Kg? 4.Nll lo||owcd by Nl| -g3-l5j
2.Qxc4+KMJ.Qcb.Now Whitc can p|an on Nd2-c4-d6.
( 5)*lcrk,in
.Qa4+ wins a piccc, as ...Ncbis mct by 2.d5.
(I b)***1hctacticlails!
Whitc wou|d maintain his c|car advantagc ahcr thc scnsib|c
.Rl or .Qc2. Thc tactica| shot l . Rxg?+ is tcmpting, and
shou|d bc |ookcd at, but I . . . Kxg? 2. Bh6+ Kh8 3.Qg5? (cxpccting
3 . . . l5 4. Qxh4 with compcnsation) |oscs to 3 . . . Nf+! 4.gxf Rg8
winning thc Whitc quccn.
(7)***5avcdby stalcmatccrcrclualchcck
Thc Whitc king is scqucstcrcd at a8, prcvcnting thc a-pawn lrom
promoting. On thc othcr hand, thc B|ack pawns havc a c|carcr
path toward thc rst rank. Whitc cscapcs with a ha|l point by
.Ra5+ Kh4 [ I . . . Kl6 2. Rl5+! j 2.Rh5+! KgJ J.RhJ+! KxhJ
sta|cmatc.
(8)** 5lralcgicawn mancuvcr
Whitc must act quick|y to cngagc thc cncmy bclorc thc |attcr
catchcs up in dcvc|opmcnt. Onc way lorward is .a4! . Now l
...b4 I . . . bxa4 2. Rxa4 Bc? 3. Nd2 intcnding Nc4 with thc
advantagc, on I . . . Rb8 2. axb5 axb5 3. Ra? Whitc sczcs thc ?th
rankj 2.Rac Bc7 J.bJ thcn Whitc has a targct at c5, an outpost
at c4, a sharc ol thc opcn |c, and a kingsidc pawn majority.
V. YhlC I O mOVC ZZ. 0Ck IO mOVC
ZU. YhIC IO mOVC ZJ. YhIC IO mOVC
Z . YhlC lO mOVC Z4. YhlC lO mOVC
Y
()* Backrankwcakncss
.Qc8+Qxc8 [ I. Nc8 2. Qxb8j 2.Rxc8+Nc8J.Rxc8matc.
(20)**5lclhcmalicawn advancc
B|ack's countcrp|ay in thc Scmi-S|av Dclcnsc rc|ics on thc . . . c6-
c5 advancc, opcning thc diagona| lor his |ight-squarcd bishop,
cxtcnding thc scopc ol thc rook on c8, and chal!cnging Whitc's
pawn ccntcr. Hcrc, ahcr unusua||y rcstraincd play by both sidcs,
Whitc can prcvcnt B|ack's thcmatic advancc by . b4! .
(2)* Ovcrwcrkcd iccc,dcublcallack
.Rxc7! wins a piccc, as ahcr ...Qxc72.Qxd5+Whitc snags thc
d-pawn and thc |oosc rook on a8.
(22)**Rcckandawncndgamc
B|ack wi| | cvcntual|y havc to givc up his rook lor thc c-pawn.
His hopcs rcst with his rcmaining pawn on a6. ...Rc4! is thc
winning movc, a||owing thc king to join thc strugg|c via c3.
[ I . . . Rxc?? is prcmaturc as 2.Kxc? Kc4 3.Kb6 is a draw, I . . . Rc2?
docsn't a||ow thc B|ack king to pcnctratc in timc 2. Kd? Kd5
3.c8Q Rxc8 4.Kxc8 Kc6 5. Kb8, with a drawj 2.Kd7 KcJ J.c8Q
Rxc84.Kxc8Kxb4winning.
(2J)*** Ucublcallack,in
l.Qc ! wins thc B|ack h-pawn. !l B|ack trics to dclcnd it by
...Kh77, thcn Whitc wins yct morc matcria| by 2.QaJ Nbd7
J.Na4.
(24)**Fcsilicnalcxchangcsac
.Rxlb! gxlb 2.Nd5Qd8J.Nxlb+ Kg7 4.Bd5. For thc cxchangc,
Whitc gcts a pawn, so|c owncrship ol thc d5 outpost, grcatcr
contro| ol thc squarcs l5, l6 and h5; hcavy prcssurc down thc l-
h|c, and a wcakcncd cncmy king.
Z3. 0Ck lO mOVC
Z. 0Ck IO mOVC
Z. 0Ck lO mOVC
ZV. !0Ck lO mOVC
Z. YhlC IO mOVC
JU. YhlC lO mOVC
(25)** lcrk,dcublcallack