UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL

School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering ENEL2EL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATIONS, MAY 2010
Time allowed: 3 hours Instructions to Candidates:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. This paper contains 6 questions Answer ANY TWO Questions in Section A and ANY TWO Questions in Section B USE A SEPARATE ANSWER BOOK FOR EACH SECTION The marks for each question/section are indicated. Answers should show sufficient working steps to indicate the solution method used. Any additional examination material is to be placed in the answer book and must indicate clearly the question number and the Student I.D. number

Faculty of Engineering

1. Formula sheet

The following materials are provided

Examiners
Prof. Thomas Afullo Mr. Rudy Pillay

Independent Moderator
Prof. Ed Boje 0

SECTION A: Answer ANY TWO Questions (USE A SEPARATE BOOKLET FOR THIS SECTION)
Question 1-A: [25] a) Consider the circuit shown in Figure Q1(a): i) Using source transformation, find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals A-B. ii) Determine the current through the 20- load. [7 marks]
5 2.5 A 3 Is =2 A 10 5V 20

B Fig. Q1(a)

b)

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. Q1 (b). i) If, initially, the capacitor C is not charged; then, at time t=0, the switch is moved to position 1, derive and solve the differential equation for the capacitor voltage, giving expressions for initial and final voltages. ii) Determine the time constant during charging, and capacitor voltages at t=0.1, 0.5, and 2 seconds. iii) If, at t=3 seconds, the switch is moved to position 2, obtain the new expression for the capacitor voltage. iv) Sketch the capacitor voltages during charging and discharging v) Determine the maximum energy stored in the capacitor at t=3 seconds. [18 marks]
1

4 k 100 V

6 k
2

14 k

C=100 F

Fig. Q1 (b)

Question 2-A [25] a) For the circuit in Fig. Q2(a) below: i) Convert the independent voltage source into a current source ii) Using Kirchhoffs current law, derive the nodal equations. iii) Determine the nodal voltages. iv) Calculate the power dissipated through the 4- resistor. [9 marks]
1 2

5 Vs =100o

-j5

j2 I= 0.5V1

V1

Fig. Q2 (a)
b) For the circuit shown in Fig. Q2(b), with three parallel loads (Z1, Z2, and Z3) connected across a 50-V rms power source: i) Use Kirchhoffs voltage law to derive the loop equations. ii) Calculate the loop currents. iii) Determine complex power for each of the three parallel loads, and the overall complex power for the network. [16 marks]
I

Vs =500o V

I1

j10 -j5 Z1

3 I2 -j4 Z2 Z3 I3

j8

Fig. Q2(b)

Question 3-A [25] a) For the circuit of Fig. Q3 (a) e(t)=70.7sin(10,000t) V. Determine: i) The total impedance seen by the source, Z. ii) The expression for the current in phasor form and in the time domain. iii) The total power dissipated in the circuit. iv) The complete phasor diagram, showing all voltages and the current. [9 marks]
R=3

L=0.6 mH

e(t)= 70.7sin(10,000t) V

C= 10 F

Fig. Q3 (a)
b) For the circuit shown in Fig. Q3(b), the mutual inductance between the two inductors results in a reactance, jM=j3 , as shown. For the loop currents shown: i) Use Kirchhoffs voltage law to derive the loop equations. ii) Using Kramers rule, determine the loop currents iii) Determine the voltage drop across the j8 capacitor [10 marks]
j3

10 I1

j4

j2

10

100o V

I2
-j8

109 0o V

Fig. Q3(b)

c) For a domestic load with a 100-V voltage and a 60-Hz power line, with real power of 60 W, the power factor is 0.8 lagging. If it is required to correct the power factor to 0.9 lagging, determine: i) The original and final load currents ii) The reactive power before and after power factor correction. iii) The value of the capacitor, C, to be added in parallel with the load to achieve the required power factor correction. [6 marks]

SECTION B: Answer ANY TWO Questions (USE A SEPARATE BOOKLET FOR THIS SECTION)
QUESTION 1-B [25 MARKS] The magnetic core shown in Fig. B1 is made of cast iron and is symmetrical about the centre leg. The magnetising coil comprises of N = 40 turns, has a resistance of 2.05 and is supplied from a DC voltage source. All dimensions shown are in millimeters and the length of both of the air gaps is 0.5 mm. Permeability of free space exam paper.
0

is 4

10-7 and the BH curve is attached to the

(a) Determine the voltage that must be supplied to the magnetising coil of Fig. B1 in order to produce a flux density of 0.20 T in each of the air gaps. You may assume flux fringing to be negligible. [17 marks]

(b) Determine the reluctance of each of the three vertical legs of the core.
20

[8 marks]

20

120

Air gap N turns

Air gap
20 20 20 20

240

Figure B1 5

QUESTION 2-B [25 MARKS]

The nameplate on a single phase 50 Hz transformer reads 100 kVA, 20 kV / 200 V. Open circuit and short circuit tests were performed on this transformer and the following values were recorded. Note that all measurements were done on the high voltage side.

Open circuit test: Ep = 20 kV, I0 = 0.5 A and Pm = 7.5 kW.

Short circuit test: Esc = 1.5 kV, Isc = 5 A and Psc = 6 kW.

(a) Calculate the parameters of the simplified equivalent circuit for this transformer. Draw the equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side, inserting all the calculated parameters. [12 marks]

(b) Calculate the current that will flow through the secondary when the transformer supplies a load of 80 kVA with a lagging power factor of 0.8 at rated secondary voltage. [2 marks] (c) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer for this load. [7 marks]

(d) Calculate the voltage regulation of the transformer from no load to full load for a 95 kW resistive load, knowing that the primary supply voltage is fixed at 20 kV. [4 marks]

QUESTION 3-B [25 MARKS] (a) A separately excited dc generator turning at 1350 rpm produces an induced voltage of 115 V. The armature resistance is 1.5 and the machine delivers a current of 11 A. Calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) (b) The terminal voltage [V]; The heat dissipated in the armature [W]; The braking torque exerted by the armature [Nm]. [2 marks] [2 marks] [3 marks]

A separately excited dc generator produces a no load voltage of 120 V. Explain the effect of each of the following changes to the generator: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The speed is increased by 25 percent? The direction of rotation is reversed? The exciting current is increased by 15 percent? The polarity of the field is reversed? [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark] [1 mark]

(c)

Each pole of a 120 kW, 240 V flat-compound generator has a shunt field of 2050 turns and a series field of 8 turns. If the total shunt-field resistance is 110 , calculate the total mmf acting on the armature when the machine operates at rated voltage for the following conditions: (i) (ii) No load; Full-load. [3 marks] [4 marks]

(d)

The armature of a permanent-magnet dc machine has a resistance of 1.2 and generates a voltage of 55 V when the speed is 520 rpm. If the armature is now connected to a source of 160 V, in order to operate the machine as a motor, calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) The starting current; rpm; [2 marks] [2 marks] [3 marks] The counter-emf when the motor runs at the following speeds: 1050rpm and 1500 The armature current at the following speeds: 1050 rpm and 1500 rpm.

FORMULA SHEET