Deutsch Touring- Part 4

2013
: Fion Chang ,

2552-4411

5 09/24() 130 1.5 KASSEL125 1.5 HANNOVER

Loretta

4 Mercure

Atrium , Hannover

1945 Frida Kahlo Jose Domingo Lavin

 Frida Kahlo 1926

Neo Rauch Start, 1997

Neo Rauch Vorfhrer, 1997

Neo Rauch Wahl, 1998

Neo Rauch Das Haus, 1996

Neo Rauch Weiche, 1999

Eisenach
12 Wartburg 1207 Sngerkrieg
. 1211~28 holy Elizabeth Thuringia and Hesse. 1247
Wettins and Sophie of Brabant Wettins ( Thuringia and Kassel ) Sophi (
Hesse)13 1406 Wettins

( Eisenach ) 1180 Nikolai ( Nikolaikirche )

Nikolaitor 1886 Hubert Stier

( Eisenach ) 1999 Wartburg

( Bachhaus)

Warburg
Warburg 1068~1440 Counts of Rieneck in Franconia Thuringian count of Schauenburg, Louis the
Springer . Tannhuser 1207 the venue of
the Sngerkrieg, the Minstrels' Contest in which such Minnesnger as Walther von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Albrecht von
Halberstadt (the translator of Ovid) and many others took part.

St. Elisabeth of Hungary ( Elisabethkirche )( )14 Ludwig IV of

Thuringia 20 24 1211~28
George IX 2007 7 7 800

From 1540 until his death in 1548, Fritz Erbe, an Anabaptist farmer from Herda, was held captive in the dungeon of the south tower, because he
refused to abjure anabaptism. After his death, he was buried in the Wartburg near the chapel of St. Elisabeth. In 1925 a handwritten signature of
Fritz Erbe was found on the prison wall.
On 18 October 1817, the first Wartburg festival took place. About 450 students, members of the newly founded German
Burschenschaften ("fraternities"), came together at the castle to celebrate the German victory over Napoleon four years before, condemn
conservatism and call for German unity. Speakers at the event included Heinrich Hermann Riemann, a veteran of theLtzow Free Corps, the
philosophy student Ludwig Rdiger, and Hans Ferdinand Massmann.
With the permission of the absent chaplain Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, the Code Napolon and other books were burned 'in effigy': instead of the
costly volumes, scraps of parchment with the titles of conservative books (including August von Kotzebue's History of the German Empires)
were placed on the bonfire. Karl Ludwig Sand, who would assassinate Kotzebue two years later, was among the participants.
This event and the similar gathering at Wartburg during the Revolutions of 1848 are considered seminal moments in the movement for German
unification.
Berg()Burg().

Eisenach UNESCO Warburg

1067 .. Count Ludwig der Springer

12 1227 Ludwig IV Heinrich Raspe IV Innocent IV
1247 13 Hermann I
Tannhuser

Tannhuser
15 19 Grand Duke of Saxony Hugo von Ritgen
1945
~
9 ""

 1952 ~66
16 .

Wartburg Castle 1999 UNESCO

The castle occupies a rocky spur looking north and south, in the midst of the forest that looks down over the city of Eisenach. Its layout corresponds
in essence to that of the original fortress, particularly the palace, the ramparts, the South Tower, and the outworks, which are now partially buried or
in ruins. In architectural terms, The rocky spur is reached from the northern end, occupied by a tower with a drawbridge, followed by a number of
outbuildings which form an outer courtyard. Next follows the lower courtyard, the main features of which are the keep and the palace, onto which the
Knights' Baths back. The South Tower marks the farther end of the spur. The centre of the lower courtyard is occupied by a cistern. The fortress is
made up of the following constructions:

The outworks: all that remain are archaeological traces, outlines of the foundations and ditch of the Fischerturm, the escarpments of the
access ramp, and the road, carved from the living rock, leading up to the fortress, as well as the spring of fresh water.

The outer defences - the postern gate and drawbridge; the knights' lodging and the commissary buildings; the Marguerite and St Elisabeth
wall-walks, the coping of the Wartburg Castle well, worked stone balustrades, stairs also of dressed stone, paved floors, and the surface of the
courtyards of the outer wards.

The castle comprising the following buildings: belfry; new apartments with fireplace; new monumental staircase; the palace; Knights' Baths;
South Tower; west and south curtain walls; cistern; lower castle courtyard; commandant's garden.

The legendary creation of Wartburg Castle is attributed to Count Ludwig der Springer. The first steps in its construction were taken in 1067,
following the troubles caused by the Investiture Contest, troubles which encouraged the birth of feudalism. The castle is mentioned for the first
time in 1080 as a strategic base, one of the key points in the early years of Ludovician sovereignty. This sovereignty grew more firmly
established during the first half of the 12th century. Raised to the dignity of landgraves, the Ludovicians supported the policies of the Stauffen
emperors. The building of the palace in the second half of the 12th century illustrates their status as Princes of the Empire. Towards the end of
the 12th century, a literary court developed at Wartburg castle, attracted by Landgrave Hermann I, who surrounded himself with poets and
musicians. The poetry of Walther von der Vogelweide describes the brilliant society life which gave rise to the episode of the singers' tourney at
Wartburg Castle, a romanticized version of which inspired Richard Wagner's opera, Tannhuser.
In 1221 Landgrave Ludwig IV, the son of Hermann, married Elizabeth of Hungary. Widowed in 1227, Elizabeth devoted herself to charitable
works to which the Landgrave's family took exception. Driven out of Wartburg Castle with her three children, she founded a hospital in Marburg
and lived her life by Franciscan principles. She was canonized in 1235, four years after her death.
Heinrich Raspe IV, the brother of Ludwig IV, succeeded him and, espousing the Pope's cause, was appointed King of Germany on the initiative
of Innocent IV. His death in 1247 ended the Ludovician dynasty.
The Margrave of Wettin, Heinrich von Meissen, took possession of Wartburg Castle. Over the next century, the site was to receive a series of
new buildings. The transfer of the seat of power to Gotha and subsequently to Weimar at the beginning of the 15th century marked the
beginning of the castle's decline.
Under the protection of the Prince Elector of Saxony, Martin Luther stayed at Wartburg Castle in secret. Here he devoted himself to literature,
producing a considerable body of work attested by his correspondence, from which many letters have survived. It was at Wartburg Castle that
he made his translation of the New Testament into German. His exile came to an end in March 1522 and by the end of the 16th century, the
memory of Luther was already attracting large numbers of pilgrims.
From the 16th century onwards, the castle was kept more or less in a state of repair: though abandoned as a seat of power, its strategic
importance was nonetheless highlighted several times. The events that had taken place there, and in particular the memory of St Elizabeth and
of Luther, were also arguments for its preservation, but neglect gradually led to inevitable dilapidation, which was almost total by the end of the
18th century. Goethe paid a visit in 1777 and made a drawing of the ruin which shows only the palace remaining partially intact. The poet
suggested the creation of a museum, justified by the ever-growing numbers of pilgrims. After the Napoleonic wars, a national sentiment
emerged which revelled in the image of ancient Germany as symbolized by Wartburg Castle.
In 1817, the students' associations organized an event which set the seal on this tendency, further confirmed by the revolution of March 1848.
Wartburg Castle was to remain the headquarters of students' associations for the whole of Germany.
In the first half of the 19th century, on the initiative of the Grand Duke of Saxony, the entire site was completely renovated: the remains of the
palace were raised from their ruins, the curtain wall restored, and the remainder of the buildings reconstructed under the supervision of architect
Hugo von Ritgen. The large part necessarily played by assumptions in the reconstruction have rather more to do with the romantic imagination
than with historical reality. The involvement of renowned artists such as Moritz von Schwind, particularly in his illustration of the life of St
Elizabeth, underlines the symbolic nature of the site.
This allegorical monument was for a short time the object of attention from the Nazi regime, but no event of importance was held there over the
period, apart from the subjection of the students' associations to the principles of the regime.
In 1945, the bombing of Eisenach spared Wartburg, although the castle was later pillaged by Soviet troops. The German Democratic Republic
made Wartburg Castle a national monument, major restoration work was carried out, and numerous commemorative ceremonies were held in
connection with the religious connotations and symbolic value of the monument.
Since the reunification of Germany, restoration work has concentrated primarily on the interiors and on the problems of preserving the
stonework on the palace facades.

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( The Knights' House) 15 .

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1206~1240 Conrad of Thuringia ( Grand master of the Teutonic Order )

The Rstkammer (the armoury) of the Wartburg, used to contain a magnificent collection of about 800 pieces, from the splendidarmour of
King Henry II of France, to the items of Frederick the Wise, Pope Julius II and Bernhard von Weimar. All these objects were taken by the Soviet
Occupation Army in 1946 and have disappeared in the Soviet Union. Two helmets, two swords, a prince's and a boy's armour, however, were
found in a temporary store at the time and a few pieces were given back by the USSR in the 1960s. The new Russian Government has been
petitioned to help locate the missing treasures.

The Romanesque Palas (Landgrafenhaus or Great Hall) is the oldest and architecturally most impressive of the buildings. Besides the chapel, it
contains the Sngersaal (Hall of the Minstrels), which is in fact Wagner's setting for Act II of Tannhuser and the Festsaal (the Feast or Festival

Hall), both of which contain fine frescoes by Moritz von Schwind with the theme of the minstrels' contest in the Sngersaal and frescoes of the
triumphs of Christianity in the Festsaal. Part of the Palace consists of the original castle as it was between 1157 and 1170, as an image of power
and residence of the Thuringian landgraves.

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( 1892 )

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Between 1498 and 1501, the young Martin Luther attended the St. George's Latin school in Eisenach in preparation of his following
studies at the University of Erfurt. From May 1521 to March 1522, Martin Luther stayed at t Wartburg castle, after he had been taken there

for his safety at the request of Frederick the Wise following his excommunication by Pope Leo X and his refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms.
It was during this period that Luther, under the name of Junker Jrg (the Knight George), translated the New Testament into German. Luther's
was not the first German translation of the Bible but it quickly became the most well known and most widely circulated.
In 1528, the Lutheran Reformation was implemented in Eisenach. In 1596, Eisenach became a ducal residence again
(Saxe-Eisenach).

Wartburg College in Iowa, USA, is named in commemoration of Martin

(
) 1522

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Johann Sebastian Bach

Bachhaus ( )
In 1685 Johann Ambrosius Bach Arnstadt
> 100

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During the early-modern period, Eisenach has been a residence of the Ernestine Wettins. Other famous composers and musicians of
Eisenach in that time were Johann Pachelbel, Johann Christoph Bach and Georg Philipp Telemann. As the Eisenach dukes died out in 1741, the
city and the state became part of Saxe-Weimar, nevertheless, the cultural life stayed unimpaired. The coterie around the poetess Julie von
Bechtolsheim met up with famous personalities like Johann Wolfgang von Goetheand Christoph Martin Wieland in Eisenach.

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: Duke Christian of Saxe-Weissenfels Hunting Cantana

1721 Weissenfels Anna Magdalena1729
Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Kothen1716 Leopold Ernst August of Weimarer
1718 Kothen Weimarer

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Johannes Voorhout 1674 Domestic Music Scene, Hamburg Museum

viol da gamba Lubeck Dietrich Buxtehude ( 1705 Georg Bohm ),
harpsichord Johann Adam Reinken ( 17 St. Katharine
Luneburrg ), ( Johann Theile, ).

 St. Thomas school

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( well-tempered Clavier B C )( temping )

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Eduard Devrient & Pauline Anna Milder-Hauptmann

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: harpsichord

viol da gamba

17~18

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1452~55 Johannes Gutenberg

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Johann Sebastian Bach

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Johann Heinrich Fussli the Younger Reclining femalenude and pinao player, 1800

2004 Johannes Heisig To three Jehova, Will I sing Praises ( to Bach )

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1671~74

Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus (Spindle Tree)

Fagus longipetiolata

Vitis coignetiae

The Automobilwerk Eisenach was founded in 1896 and taken over by BMW, which was prior a sheer
motor producer and joined the car production in Eisenach with the Dixi, in 1928. During the GDR period, the Wartburg was the produced car in
Eisenach. Since 1990, the factories belong to Opel (General Motors) and Bosch.
In 1869, the SDAP, one of the two precursors of the SPD was founded in Eisenach by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht.

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(Marburg)(Marburg)
(Fachwerk)

( Lutherhaus )

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Kassel ( Castellum )
Hessen(
60%)

WilhelmshoeheHerkules
1955 documenta
documenta

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Museum Fridericianum1779
76m70.5m69m
1950
Ebenezer
HowardGarden city movement ()
HabichtswaldWilhelmshoeheKarlsaueFuldaaue
Joseph Beuys 7000
1982~87

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Ludwig Emil Grimm

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Dorothea Viehmnnin

1813 Kassel 40

Hnsel und Gretel

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Dornrschen

 (Grimms Mrchen ) 1812

200

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Aschenputtel

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ES War Eeinmal

( )

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BruderGrimm Museum Shone Aussicht 2

1806
1 5 1812
80
17 140

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Kassel

1955

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Bergpark Wilhelmshhe Kassel UNESCO

Carl von Hesse-Kassel

12:00 pm 2:30

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( Riesenschloss ) + Herkules +
pm2:30 ( Wasserspiel
(
) Teufelsbrucke Aquadukt
54m Fontanenteich Musikpavillon 5

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Herkules
Herkules Monument and water running down the cascades during the water features. In the Bergpark of the Wilhelmshhe Palace

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( 885 ) ( Wilhelmshoehe )

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1786-1802 (Schloss Wilhelmsthal )

AGemaldegalerie Alte Meister SchloB Wilhelmschohe 1518 4
1499 20 17
8 11

BNeue Galerie 1750 60

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1714 (
) 54 13

1727
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--

1840
--


1937

-- 200 20

Wihlelm Willy

1917 --

(1936-1952 )

( Neues Rathaus )

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Rathaus 1901~13

17 50

Neues Rathaus ( New City Hall )

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Ricinus communis

( Adypha hispida )

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The Aegidienkirche (Aegidien - church)