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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, [from water and air], Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, [macro], Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Chlorine,[micro], Iron, Manganese, Silicon, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Molybdenum and Selenium [Traces]
The amount and relative proportion of these nutrients will depend on a number of factors. The most important factors are: (i) nutrient status of soil and (ii) nutrient requirement of the crop.
TYPES OF FERTILIZERS
Organic fertilizer or manure
Chemical fertilizer
Bio-fertilizer Composted manure
Organic Manure
Organic manure not only provides plant nutrients but also improves soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition to fertilizers, the use or organic manure is essential for sustaining crop productivity. Preparation of good quality manure
Fill the mixture of dung, urine and other materials layer by layer ; moistening it each time. Add suitable inoculum to hasten the rate of decomposition of manure. Enrich the mixture with 100 kg of rock phosphate/bone meal/ superphosphate to improve the nutrient content of manure. Seal the pit with mud plaster after it is filled. The manure ready for use after 4-6 months.
Primary Nutrients
Nitrogen: Ammonia or nitrate salts Phosphorus: Water soluble phosphates of calcium, Di-ammonium phosphate Potassium: Potassium chloride
chemical fertilizer,
organic manure,
biofertilizer and crop residues.
Different proportions of these components are to be used based upon crop requirements and availability of materials
IPNM will be the means through which the longterm fertility of the soil will be assured and
o plant nutrients,
o improve research, o monitoring,
o participation, and
o extension
Vermi-Compost
Vermi-composting uses earthworms to produce compost from organic residues.
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
EXPENSIVE, TO PRODUCE THOUGH NEEDED INPUT FOR HIGH YIELDING FOOD CROPS, EXCESS CAN CAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVERSE IMPACT
Total P content in soil is usually high, but most of this soil P pool is not in forms available for plant uptake (insoluble in water). Bacteria that can mobilize P from unavailable soil pools and increase
of PSB.
Furthermore, 50 percent of the costly superphosphate could be replaced with inexpensive rock phosphate. PSB also improved the sugar yield and juice quality (Sundara et al., 2002). In conclusion, biofertilizer based on PSB may be of greatest value in allowing use of cheaper P sources.
Raw materials like phosphate rock, sulphur and potassium salts are imported. Indigenously produced
In the mid-seventies prices of hydrocarbon raw materials increased, followed by the mid-eighties finding the increase in yield per mass of fertilizer applied reaching a saturated stage. Over the years, the cost of production has increased and subsidy amount provided to industry greatly increased. In 1992, decontrol of the prices of phosphatic and potassic fertilizers were introduced. This was done as a part of a
aquifers.
goitre,
liver cancers.
Lastly, genetic engineering offers the potential in the future for the plants themselves to meet some of their nutrient requirements. Together, these nutrient conservation and replenishment methods need to be managed - reflecting the farmer's