TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Dynatest 995-4 TIRE TRACTION AND PAVEMENT

FRICTION TESTER







Dynatest Consulting, Inc.
38284 Abruzzi Drive
Westland, Michigan 48050-3627
USA
mi@dynatest.com



1.0 Introduction
1.1 The 995-4 Tire and Pavement Friction Tester is manufactured by
Dynatest Consulting, Inc., a subsidiary of Dynatest International
A/S. The system consists of a truck-trailer combination designed
to test skid and incipient friction resistance of tires or pavements.
Tire traction testing is done in accordance with the tire manufac-
turers wheel load rating for various types and sizes of tires. Test
trailer wheel loads can be changed to meet specifications of dif-
ferent tire sizes. Minimum wheel loads that can be applied to a
tire are determined by the overall weight of the trailer. The 995-4
has a minimum wheel load of approximately 468 kg (1030 lbs).
Starting with the actual trailer weight, additional weights can be
added up to the rated capacity of the trailer 1818 kg (4000 lbs).
Weights are added in increments of 11 kg (25 lbs) and 23 kg (50
lbs). Weights of 11 kg (25 lbs) are usually lead pellets in a canvas
bag and 23 kg (50 lbs) weights are steel blocks.

1.2 The Dynatest 995-4 will test tires in accordance with SAE J 345
Wet or Dry Pavement Passenger Car Tire Peak and Locked
Wheel Braking Traction. Both peak and locked wheel sliding
traction force is measured, displayed and recorded. The system is
capable of testing with either wheel locked at speeds of up to 128
km/hr (80 mph) and is capable of making incipient (slip) friction
measurements down to 3.2 km/hr (2 mph) during the lock-up cy-
cle.

1.3 The 995-4 two-wheel trailer will test tires requiring up to 1818 kg
(4,000 pounds) per wheel load.


2.0 General
2.1 The system consists of a standard highway vehicle 6,800 kg
(15,000 lb.) minimum GVWR, 4-door extended cab pick-up truck
and test trailer. The system is instrumented with a computer for
processing, recording, display and printing of traction data.

2.2 The Dynatest 995-4 is easily operated by one person (driver). An
additional front bucket seat and rear seat are provided for an ob-

Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 3
server or operator if desired. The driver needs only to bring the
Traction Tester to the desired speed of 3 to 128 km/hr (2 to 80
mph) and press the hand held start button. All test functions such
as lowering the water nozzle, water application, test wheel lock-up
and release are automatic and sequentially controlled by the com-
puter. All test functions can also be manually controlled by the
operator if desired.

2.3 The Dynatest 995-4 performs automatic calibration verification
and self-diagnostics at startup.


3.0 Towing Vehicle
3.1 The Towing vehicle will be a new heavy duty truck of the latest
model year available with a minimum 6,800 kg (15,000 pound)
GVW.

3.2 The truck will be a four-door crew cab model and will include, but
not be limited to :
3.2.1 Automatic Transmission
3.2.2 Power windows, door locks, brakes
3.2.3 Bucket seats
3.2.4 Heavy duty suspension and towing package
3.2.5 Privacy glass
3.2.6 Air conditioning

3.3 Most major manufacturers can be used for tow vehicles. Special
vehicles also available.


4.0 Tire Test Specifications
4.1 The Dynatest 995-4 will meet the specifications and perform the
following tests:

4.2 SAE J345A wet or dry pavement for peak and locked wheel brak-
ing traction.


Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 4
4.3 ASTM F408 Standard Test Method for Tires for Wet Traction in
Straight-Ahead Braking, Using a Towed Trailer. (with 1.0 mm
water)

4.4 ASTM E1337 Standard Test Method for Determining Longitudi-
nal Peak Using a Standard Reference Test Tire.

4.5 ASTM E274 Standard Test Method for Skid Resistance of a
Paved Surface using a Full Scale Tire. (with 1.00 mm water)

4.6 GMW15208 (Dec. 2006) Tire Braking Traction

4.7 ECE R117 and R1222 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Ap-
proval of tires with regard to Rolling Sound Emissions and to Ad-
hesion on Wet Surfaces

4.8 The Dynatest 995-4 Tire Traction Tester performs the ASTM
F408 method of braking traction of tires designed for passenger
cars or light trucks. This type of braking traction measurement is
applicable to conditions wherein the vehicle is traveling straight
ahead on a wet, paved surface.

4.9 Dynatest 995-4 Tire Traction Tester test values will be US Cus-
tomary units or SI units (metric) as selected by the operator.

4.10 The Dynatest 995-4 Tire Traction Tester measurements are con-
ducted on tires mounted on a trailer. Brakes are applied at either
one side or both test tires (requires optional blocking bar and
software system) and locked and held locked for a user selectable
period of up to 1.5 seconds at speeds ranging from 32 km/h to 128
km/h (20 to 80 mph). Recommended speeds are 32, 64, and 96
km/h (20, 40, and 60, mph).

4.11 The Dynatest 995-4 Tire Traction System includes the tow vehi-
cle, with a laptop computer, system electronics, all software pro-
grams and the self-watering system. The watering system is dis-
pensed by two positive displacement water pumps and a precision
nozzle 355 mm (14 inches) wide assuring the correct amount of
water at all speeds.


Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 5
4.12 The two positive displacement pumps are user selectable to allow
one or both pumps to be operated at any time.


4.13 The trailer frame is manufactured with steel materials and painted
grey.

4.14 The trailer is equipped with two hydraulic jacks, controlled either
in the vehicle or at the trailer, to allow changing of tires.

4.15 The trailer has a leveling system initiated by the operator to level
the trailer prior to any tests, or after changes in the loading of the
trailer.

4.16 The trailer has a digital readout of the load on the test wheel, visi-
ble from the trailer to allow operators to determine.

4.17 The quantity of water applied will be 1.0 mm across the wetted
width. The system provides 1.0 mm water film thickness within
the specifications of the ECE R117.

4.18 The following inputs will be simultaneously sampled: (a)Tractive
Force, (b)Vertical Force, (c)Test Wheel Speeds and (d) Vehicle
Speed.

4.19 The Dynatest 995-4 will do sequential tests using control tires and
test tires. Tests will be recorded, displayed, stored on the hard
drive for down loading to the printer or USB drive.

4.20 Calculations of traction coefficients shall be in accordance with
ASTM F408.

4.21 The system shall display numerical values for friction coefficient,
(peak traction and slide values) and will graph curves for individ-
ual tests.

4.22 The system shall perform composite overlays of a sequence of
graph tests and will display a graph composite curve for up to 20
tests.


Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 6

5.0 Vehicle Instrumentation Additions
5.1 Dash mounted digital speed display for accurate test speed moni-
toring and recording.

5.2 Operator/driver console with remote hand switch to start the au-
tomatic test.

5.2.1 Laptop Computer
5.2.2 Color graphics Inkjet printer.


6.0 Vehicle Hardware Additions
6.1 The truck has two aluminum water tanks, 1000 liter (250 gallon)
for a total water volume of 2000 liters (500 gallons). The tank
will have internal baffle plates to reduce water motion. Alternative
tank sizes available depending on tow vehicle.

6.2 The water tanks are equipped with temperature sensors to record
water temperature.

6.3 Electrical power supply for 115 VAC computer and printer opera-
tion. 220V power option output available for overseas delivery.

6.4 Air compressor with filter and accumulator for operation of the air
over hydraulic trailer brake system.

6.5 Water pumps (2), positive displacement to provide the correct
volume and thickness of water over the entire operating range of
speed.

6.6 The vehicle is equipped with a speed encoder for recording the
test speed.


7.0 Trailer Assembly
7.1 The two-wheel trailer will have parallelogram suspension, air
springs, heavy-duty shocks and power disk brakes.


Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 7
7.2 The trailer will have adjustable air ride suspension to allow ad-
justment for trailer wheel loading and leveling.

7.3 Weight baskets will be included to allow changing of wheel loads
from 468 kg (1030 pounds) minimum (the actual weight of the
trailer) to 1818 kg (4000 pounds) maximum wheel loads. The
weight baskets will accept both 23 kg (50 pound) steel weights
and 11 kg (25 pound) lead pellet bags.

7.4 Digital encoders (distance and speed measuring tachometer) are
mounted on each trailer wheel spindle to provide accurate speed
and distance of both the wheel under test and the free rolling
wheel.

7.5 A two-axis force transducer is installed at both trailer test wheels.
The two axis force transducers provide direct measurement of the
horizontal tractive friction force of pavement-tire braking and the
dynamic vertical load on each wheel during testing.

7.6 The trailer includes two built in hydraulic lift jacks, with complete
hydraulic system, including crossover check valves for maximum
security, during raising/lowering the trailer for fast tire changing.
The automatic jacks are controlled by a switch on the trailer.

7.7 A laminar flow water nozzle is located in front of either the left,
right or both test wheels. The nozzles provide a uniform thickness
of water across the path of the test tire over the full range of test
speeds. The 355 mm (14 inch) wide water nozzles provide 1 mm
of water across the wetted width. The nozzles can be automatical-
ly or manually lowered and raised during testing.

7.8 The trailer will include air over hydraulic disk brakes. The trailer
brakes are capable of locking the left, the right, or both wheels on
dual sided systems. Lockup time from the time of automatic ap-
plication to lockup and release (cycle time) is adjustable but will
not exceed five seconds in accordance with ASTM E274 specifi-
cation.


8.0 Skid Number Reporting

Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 8
8.1 The system will calculate, display, store, and copy to disk and/or
printer:
8.1.1 Locked Wheel Skid Number (SN) in real time.
8.1.2 Graph friction curves, starting with brake application, peak
incipient friction, wheel lockup and wheel release.
8.1.3 Display Peak Incipient curves.
8.1.4 Graph up to 20 tests in a composite overlay and graph a
composite average of the sequence of 20 tests.


9.0 Software Description
9.1 The software shall be Windows based software running in a Win-
dows 7 environment. The software shall have on-line Help func-
tions. The software shall have five primary selections. All selec-
tions shall be mouse and hot-key selectable. The software shall be
capable of operating in both Metric and US Standard units.

9.2 The software shall ensure that calibration must be performed prior
to testing by locking out the test section of the software until field
calibration has been completed.

9.3 The software shall allow for testing in either a time or distance
mode.

9.3.1 System Diagnostics: This section of the software shall al-
low for diagnostics of all digital encoders, analog devices,
analog to digital encoders and timers in the system.

9.3.2 System Settings: This section of the software shall allow
the operator to select and configure all devices on the sys-
tem including selection of test type, test watering, test cy-
cling, test cycle times, measurement units, data display op-
tions and formats, data storage and printer options. The
software shall provide for on board printing of the test data
both during the testing sequence and after testing is com-
plete.

9.3.3 System Calibration: The software shall allow the op-
erator to calibrate the force transducer(s), distance encod-
ers, flow meters and temperature sensors on the system.

Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 9
The screens shall provide details on the values determined
by the calibration system.

9.3.4 Test Information: The software shall provide test infor-
mation templates which are customizable by the user.
The software shall allow multiple templates to be stored
and recalled from the test screen. All information shall be
stored with the test data.

9.3.5 Test Screen: The software shall allow for the real
time display of speed, SN, water tank volume, number of
tests since water fillup, air, pavement and surface tempera-
ture sensor output, test cycle completion, test data values
such as SN average, minimum, maximum and standard
deviation, traction values and load values from the two ax-
is transducer. The software shall allow the user to select
what data is displayed during the test sequence.


10.0 Trailer Weight Limits
10.1 The Dynatest 995-4 trailer has a steel frame with a total weight of
approximately 727 kg (2060 pounds).

10.2 This would allow an approximate minimum load of 468 kg (1030
pounds), per wheel and represents the trailer weight only without
added weights.

10.3 The Dynatest 995-4 will accept loads of up to 1818 kg (4,000
pounds) per wheel by adding weight blocks to the trailer weight
baskets.


11.0 Trailer Rim Sizes
11.1 The Dynatest 995-4 will accept tires with a maximum diameter of
one meter (39 inches)
11.2 The Dynatest 995-4 will accept rim sizes of 304 to 508 (12 inches
to 20 inch) minimum.

11.3 Test rims may be supplied by the buyer.


Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 10
11.4 The trailer will ship complete with two ASTM SRTT test tires on
16 inch rims.

11.5 The trailer is equipped with wheel spindles to accept rim mounts
of 5 wheel studs on 121 mm (4.75 inch) bolt hole circle diameters,
a 2.75 inch pilot diameter with no offset.

11.6 Photo Cell: The system is equipped with a photo cell to allow auto
test starting for repetitive testing. This can be mounted on the
vehicle on either side.


12.0 Wheel Adapters
12.1 Wheel adapter plates can be provided as an option to permit
mounting of various rim sizes and bolt hole patterns to the stand-
ard trailer spindle.

13.0 System Warranty
13.1 The system warranty will be one year from the date of acceptance.

14.0 Vehicle Warranty
14.1 The vehicle will be warranted by the vehicle manufacturer.

15.0 Manuals
15.1 Two sets of System operation and maintenance manuals will be
supplied.
15.2 Two sets of system drawings and schematics will be supplied.
15.3 All manuals will be in the English language.

16.0 Training, Sellers Location
16.1 Three days training in operation and maintenance, at the sellers
Westland, Michigan, USA. The location will be available at no
additional charge. Transportation and lodging will be at the buy-
ers expense.

17.0 Optional Training, Buyers Location
17.1 Three days training in operation and maintenance will be per-
formed at the buyers location. Price includes round trip airfare,
meals and lodging.

Dynatest 995-4 Technical Specification 11
18.0 System Options
18.1 Buyer Supplied Vehicle: Buyer may supply vehicle subject to
specification review. Vehicle may be drop shipped to factory.

18.2 Dual Sided Transducer and Water: The system can be equipped
with two transducers and dual sided water systems to allow for
dual sided testing.

18.3 GPS: The system can be equipped with a Trimble DGPS sys-
tem. GPS coordinates are stored with the test data.


18.4 Blocking bar and software to provide Dual simultaneous brak-
ing.