Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The psychiatric profession has created one of the great myths of our time by
describing so-called ‘schizophrenia’ as a nonspecific disease or ‘mental illness’.
It was German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) who believed that
this supposedly devastating condition was a result of irreversible mental
deterioration and so he gave it the name 'dementia praecox’, Latin for
‘prematurely out of one's mind'. It later became clear that the term was a
misnomer. In 1910 a new term was coined by the kind and humane Swiss psychiatrist
Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), teacher of Carl Jung and professor of psychiatry at the
University of Zürich where he headed the famous Burghölzli Clinic. Bleuler coined
the term 'schizophrenia' for 'splitting of the mind' because the condition seemed
to involve a mental split between thought and emotion. The term is derived from
German 'schizophrenie' from Greek 'skhizein' meaning 'to split' and 'phren' of
unknown origin meaning 'heart or mind' so that ‘schizophrenia’ actually means
'broken soul' or 'broken heart’. There is still no universally accepted definition
of the term. Nevertheless it has been applied to various conditions including a
set of socially and culturally unacceptable thinking and behaviour patterns which
make it a model of ‘unwanted conduct’. As a result of people’s fear of the
unknown, the characteristic feaures of so-called ‘schizophrenia’…hallucinations,
bizarre speech etc… are often miscontrued as ‘symptoms’ which in fact are not
problems to be combatted but indications of a spontaneous healing effort by the
organism as a whole.
"In the most general terms, spiritual emergence can be defined as the movement of
an individual to a more expanded way of being that involves enhanced emotional and
psychosomatic health, greater freedom of personal choices, and a sense of deeper
connection with other people, nature and the cosmos. An important part of this
development is an increasing awareness of the spiritual dimension in one's life
and in the universal scheme of things. Spiritual development is an innate
evolutionary capacity of all human beings. It is a movement towards wholeness or
'holotropic state', the discovery of one's true potential." (Stanislav Grof)
And what is human nature? Human nature can be defined in terms of the
universal moral values of humanness, the human social values which are required
for survival of the species as a social species. The human social values are
universal values of ‘justice’ as moral or social justice, 'knowledge' as
understanding, ‘peace’ as social responsibility, ‘wisdom’ as compassion or
lovingkindness…. Awareness of human values results in heightened intuition the
basis for social intelligence which is necessary for effective adaptation to the
complexities of changing social conditions i.e. social adaptability. Human
adaptability is a function of the social nature of the human organism as a social
organism with instincts for social cooperation and social harmony i.e. ‘social
instincts’. These must be cultivated in a process of development of moral
consciousness or ‘conscience’. Rational conscience is a product of moral or
'spiritual’ development which involves the preservation of the integrated
functioning of the personality and transformation of the self or 'enlightenment'
characteristic of ‘ego-transcendance’.