Copper(II) sulfate is the chemical compound with the formula CuSO4.

This salt exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of hydration. The anhydrous form is a pale green or gray-white powder whereas the pentahydrate the most commonly encountered salt is !right !lue. The anhydrous form occurs as a rare mineral "nown as chalcocyanite. The hydrated copper sulfate occurs in nature as chalcanthite (pentahydrate) and two more rare ones# !onattite (trihydrate) and !oothite (heptahydrate). $rchaic names for copper(II) sulfate are %!lue &itriol% and %!luestone%. Copper sulfate is employed in organic synthesis. The anhydrous salt catalyses the transacetali'ation in organic synthesis. Copper Sulphate can !e made !y the action of sulfuric acid on a &ariety of copper(II) compounds for example copper(II) oxide. It may also !e prepared !y electroly'ing sulfuric acid using copper electrodes. Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a fungicide. (ixed with lime it is called )ordeaux mixture to control fungus on grapes melons and other !erries. Copper Sulphate is used as an her!icide is not agricultural !ut instead for control of in&asi&e exotic a*uatic plants and the roots of other in&asi&e plants near &arious pipes that contain water. Copper sulfate a product whose composition hasn+t changed significantly in the last half century is perhaps the most widely used algaecide in the country due to its a&aila!ility and its relati&ely low cost. )efore the cost of copper sulfate has risen significantly closing the price gap !etween copper sulfate and chelated algaecides so we are choosing this opportunity to wean our la"es and ponds off this outdated product.

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RAW MATERIALS:-

5) Copper Car!onate CuCo6 7) Or Copper (ll) Car!onate CuCo6 Cu(Oh)6 6) Sulphuric acid 4) 8ater 07SO4 07O

Copper (ll) Carbonate 1atural green powder )ul" density of 6.9gm:cm6 (olecular wt 775.55

Sulphuric Acid Colourless li*uid ;ensity o f (olecular 8t 5.< gm:cm6 9<

CHEMICAL REACTIO :5) CuCO6 = 07SO4 = 4 07O > CuSO4?07O = CO7

7) CuCO6Cu(@0)7 = 707SO4=A07@ > 7CuSO4?07@= CO7

E!"I#ME TS:5) 0.;.,.. . tan" 7) S.S Stirred &essel with heating arrangement ss 65A 6) Centrifuge ru!!er lined or ss 65A 4) ;ryer ss 65A ?) (.s tan" A) Open pans ss 6@4

#RO$"CTIO

#ROCESS:-

;ilute sulphuric acid (A@B) is ta"en in a stirred &essel and copper car!onate is added slowly To the acid under stirring at room temp. or &ise &ersa . The ph of the solution is monitored and maintained at ph of 7.

The car!on dioxide gas which comes out of the &essel is scru!!ed in lime water. $fter the addition of copper car!onate is completed the reaction mass is allowed to digest $nd the ph is monitored the final ph is adCusted to 4. The reaction mass is then heated to D@ degrees or maintained at for some time. The heat can !e external or if the reactor is insulated the exotherm can supply with the increase of temp and then transferred to Open or closed 0.;.,.. tan"s for further slow crystalli'ation. 4ead strips are hanged in the !ath 8hich aid in crystalli'ation. The crystals are then centrifuged and the mother li*uor is recycled !ac" to the crystalli'ation tan" Or charged into the next !atch or further concentrated to reco&er the residual copper sulphate The crystals from the centrifuge are dried or pac"ed as is as per the nature of the copper sulphate -e*uired.

E%%L"E T &E ERATIO :1o li*uid effluent is generated as all mother li*uor is recycle !ac" to reco&er the product &AS #OL"TIO 'Only wood !urning. /or heating purpose if any. Car!on dioxide formed in the the reaction is scru!!ed in lime water to form calcium car!onate 8hich is a !yproduct for the calcium chloride industry.