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2. Coordinate Systems...................................................p3
3. 2D Drawings................................................................p4
1. STARTING AUTOCAD
To open AutoCAD click on the Start button and select Middlesex University local software,
Graphical Applications and then click on AutoCAD 2000.
When AutoCAD starts, a startup dialog box is displayed. The dialog box provides four ways to start
a drawing.
Start a new drawing from scratch. This is a quick and easy way to begin a new
drawing
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1.1 The AutoCAD window
Once you have started AutoCAD by selecting one of the four methods described, the AutoCAD
window opens. The following figure shows the main parts of the AutoCAD window.
Modify
toolbar Crosshairs
Command
Window
Standard: This contains the frequently used buttons such as Zoom, Undo and
Toolbar Redraw. It also has the Microsoft Standard buttons
Draw and These toolbars provide you with the common draw and modify
Modify commands.
Toolbars
Crosshairs The crosshairs are controlled by the mouse, to locate points and select and
draw objects.
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2. COORDINATE SYSTEMS
1) The Cartesian coordinate system has two axes X, Y for 2D drawings and 3 axes X, Y, Z for 3d
drawings. By entering coordinate values you indicate a points distance and its direction along
the X, Y, Z axes relative to the origin.
2) The Polar coordinate system uses an angle and a distance to locate a point. To enter a Polar
coordinate, we first select a point and then enter a distance and an angle. For example if we
were to specify a point 8 units from the origin at an angle of 30 degrees we would enter 8<30.
In AutoCAD you are automatically in the World Coordinate system (WCS) when you start a
new drawing. That is, the X axis is horizontal and the Y axis vertical and the point of origin is
at the left lower most corner of the drawing area. Drawing 2d objects in AutoCAD is
equivalent to producing drawings on a graph paper with relation to X, Y coordinates.
Absolute coordinate values are based on the origin (0,0). Relative coordinate values are based on the
last point entered.
For example if we were to draw a line beginning at X=2, Y=4 and ending at X=4, Y=6 using
absolute coordinate, we would enter the following at the command prompt:
We may use relative coordinates when we know the position of a point in relation to the previous
point. We use the @ symbol when specifying relative coordinates. For example the line which was
drawn using absolute coordinates, can also be drawn using relative coordinates by typing the
following at the command prompt:
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3. 2D DRAWINGS
To draw a line
1 From the drawing menu choose line, or type line at the command prompt.
2 Specify the start point
3 Then specify the endpoint
4 Finally press the ENTER key to complete the line.
The offset command can be used to create copies of a line offset at a specified distance. This is done
by typing, offset, at the command prompt. Then enter the offset distance and select the line or object
to offset. Finally select the side or point to offset.
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1) Type extend at the command prompt
Boundary selected
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4.3 Mirroring
It is sometimes useful to mirror an object around a mirror line, which is defined by two points. After
mirroring you may retain or delete the original object.
Object selected using Mirror line defined Result, with the original
using a window object retained