Professional Documents
Culture Documents
) (
1432 2011
.
,
,
,
) 1998 ,
, .( 5
) , 2007 . ( 16
) 2005 .(161
) (Aggrawal, 1997, P.356
Individualization
, ,
,
.
.
) 2005 -13
.(16
) 2004 2001
(1999 :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
3
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
,
, ,
,
:
) ,
, 2006 .( 4
,
.
: .
Intelligent tutoring system )
(Interactive Media ) (Direction Dualism
:
, ,
,
) (Tutorial
.
" "
" Give And Tak
" " "Tell And Ask
) (
)
.(237 2009
,
,
.
: )
(1999 ) (1999 )(Ma,Wei.&Cole,Timothy.2000
) (Byers.JohnA.2001 )Marra,Rose M.& Jonassen,
(David H,2002 ) (2004 ))
Wachter,Renee M, Gupta,Jatinder N.D,2005
.
.
,
: )(Marra, R.M.& Jonassen, D. H,2002, P 34
.
)(Wachter, R.M., Gupta, N.D,2005
6
.
) (Tessmer,M. A,2006
,
,
.
) (2009
:
-1 ) (0.001
.
.
-2 ) (0.001
.
.
,
.
) , 2000 ,
( 54
) (2005
.
:
:
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
8
.
-6
.
:
:
"
"
-:
-:
-1
-2
- 3
:
:
: -
"
" )
1999 .(33
- ): ITS)Intelligent Tutoring System
"
"
- : Programming
"
"
:
) (
.
:
:
-1 :
.
-2 :
2012-2011.
-3 :
" " .
-4 :
.
:
:
-1
: ,
.
-2
.
-3 ,
.
:
10
:
, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
-:
.
.
.
.
.
11
:
-1
.
-2
.
:
:
-1 ,
.
-2 ,
.
:
:
-1 .
* CD. ROM
.
-2 .
*
(.
* ) .
(.
:
12
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
-5 ,
.
-6
) (.
:
-1 .
-2
:
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
) (.
:
- 1 :
,
.
- 2
:
.
- 3 .
- 4
.
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8
.
14
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
.11
.12
).(2001 .
: .
) .(2004
. : .
) .(2009
. : .
) .(2008
. : .
) .(2009
. :
.
) .(2003
. :
.
) .(2010
. : .
) :(2007
. :
1 17 . 2007
) .(2005
. : .
) .(2006
. :
) .(2001 . :
.
) .(1999
. :
.
15
.(2004)
. : .
.(2009)
. : .
, . ( 1994)
( 184) , ,
.(1999)
, . ,
.
. ( 2000 )
. ,
.(1998)
,
.( 2006)
,
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
:
Byers , John.(2001). Interactive Learning Using Expert System 20
Quizzes On The Internet, Journal of Education and Training
.International , Vol35,nl P49-58
Marra, Rose M. & Jonassen, David H.(2002).The effects of Expert -21
System SOPHIE and embedded prompts on Electronic achievement and
completion rate of Expert System courseware,Journal of Computers in
Mathematics and Science Teaching , Vol.34 n 2-3 P291 308
Ma,Wei .& Col,Timothy W.(2000).Expert Systems retention and the -22
type T Personality , Vol. 28 n3 P20-22
Tessmer ,Martin A.(2006).Using Expert System To Build 23
Cognitive simulations systems for training , Journal of Educational
Computing research , Vol.28 n1 P1-13
Wachter , Renee M. Gupta , Jatinder N.D.(2005). Expert System for -24
improving knowledge understanding and skills in engineering degree
courses , Journal of Computer & Education , vol.29 n1 P13-23
16