A Practical Look at LTE Backhaul Capacity Requirements

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com
Copyright All Rights Reserved 2010 Maravedis Inc.
A Practical Look at LTE Backhaul Capacity
Requirements
Esteban Monturus
Backhaul Market Analyst
esteban@maravedis-bwa.com
January 13
th
, 2011
Agenda
! Backhaul Capacity
Requirements of LTE
! Backhaul Capacity Discussion
! How Microwave meets Backhaul
Capacity Needs of LTE
! Backhaul Trends among LTE
Operators
! Q&A
Backhaul Capacity Requirements
Mobile Data Trends
Operator Country Traffic/User
TeliaSonera
(LTE)
Sweden and
Norway
14 GB
Yota
(WiMAX)
Russia 13 GB
Packet One
Networks
(WiMAX)
Malaysia 10 GB
Clearwire
(WiMAX)
US 7 GB
SK Telecom
(HSPA)
Korea 7 GB
CSL (HSPA) Hong Kong 6 GB
Average Monthly Data Consumption
Source: 4GCounts Service
Mobile broadband subscriber base Monthly data consumption
Princing plans Network capacity, new deployments
Deployment Trends
! 147 LTE committed
operators at the end
of 2010
! Long Term HSPA
Evolution as
alternative
! Currently 11 LTE
networks in
commercial operation
! Main uses of LTE
! High capacity
overlay
! Rural Internet
access
Operator Country
Commercial
Launch
Channel
bandwidth
TeliaSonera Sweden 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Norway 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Finland 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Denmark 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz
Telenor and
Tele2
Sweden 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz
Vodafone Germany 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz
MetroPCS USA 09/2010
From 2 x 1.4
MHz to 2 x 10
MHz
Verizon USA 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz
Telekom
Austria
Austria 10/2010 2 x 20 MHz
NTT
DoCoMo
Japan 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz
CSL Hong Kong 11/2010 2 x 10 MHz
LTE Site Capacity Requirements
! Operators are currently deploying 3GPP Rel. 8
! 10 or 20 MHz (2x2 downlink MIMO)
! 3-sector cell sites
! Peak rates never achieved due to
! Interference
! Network load
! Final objective: IMT-Advanced (LTE-A)
Direction
Peak
efficiency
Peak 10 MHz
Peak 20
MHz
Average
efficiency
Average
10 MHz
Average
20 MHz
Rel. 8
Downlink
5 bps/Hz 50 Mbps 100 Mbps
1.73 bps/
Hz/cell
17.3
Mbps
35.6
Mbps
Rel. 8
Uplink
2.5 bps/Hz 25 Mbps 50 Mbps
1.52 bps/
Hz/cell
15.2
Mbps
30.4
Mbps
LTE-A
Downlink*
15 bps/Hz 150 Mbps 300 Mbps
3 bps/Hz/
cell
30 Mbps 60 Mbps
LTE-A
Uplink*
6.75 bps/
Hz
67.5 Mbps 135 Mbps
2.25 bps/
Hz/cell
22.5
Mbps
45 Mbps
* Spectral efficiency for indoor coverage, the most demanding situation
M
b
p
s

Microwave for Aggregation
! Current microwave
technology allows
aggregation
! Statistical multiplexing
increases aggregation
capability in practice
! Bringing rings closer to last
mile enhances multiplexing
! Service-aware routing
doubles capacity
METRO AGGREGATION LAST MILE
TDM+packet
packet
Source: Maravedis Wireless Backhaul from an All-IP Perspective Report October 2010
Backhaul
Capacity
Discussion
LTE Backhaul Trends
Commercial LTE in Europe
! Europe: traditional microwave domain.
! TeliaSonera group
! LTE in urban areas, fiber available.
! New LTE markets depend on backhaul
availability.
! 100-150 Mbps capacity per site.
! Microwave not discarded.
! Vodafone Germany
! Only rural deployment so far.
! 49,800 kilometer of fiber optic cable.
! Partnership with utility company RWE
to use its fiber deployment.
! Telekom Austria
! 500 million euros investment to
connect 4,000 BSs by fiber (AirToFiber
marketing campaign).
Operator Country
Backhaul
type
TeliaSonera Sweden Fiber
TeliaSonera Norway Fiber
TeliaSonera Finland Fiber
Telenor and
Tele2
Sweden Fiber
Vodafone Germany Fiber
Telekom
Austria
Austria Fiber
Commercial LTE in North America
Operator Country
Backhaul
type
MetroPCS USA
Fiber +
microwave
Verizon USA
Fiber +
microwave
! North America: traditional copper
and fiber domain.
! Verizon
! Verizon Global Wholesale
provides fiber links for +3,500
cell sites (25 states).
! +100 Mbps fiber + microwave
links from alternative carriers
(CenturyLink, Conterra
Broadband, Duke Net,
FiberTower, PalmettoNet,
Paradigm Telecom, Qwest,
Telecom Transport
Management and USCarrier).
! Seeking tower and backhaul
owners for rural deployment.
! MetroPCS
! Ethernet services to cell sites
from FiberTower Corp.
FiberTower transport network
Commercial LTE in APAC
! Japan, China, Korea and Hong
Kong: traditional fiber domains.
! NTT DoCoMo
! Using fiber-connected Remote
Radio Heads for improved
indoor coverage (all outdoor
and indoor versions).
! Hong Kong CSL
! One of the few operators
currently using microwave for
LTE backhaul.
! 100-170 Mbps capacity per
site.
Operator Country
Backhaul
type
NTT
DoCoMo
Japan Fiber
CSL Hong Kong Microwave
W
i
M
A
X

W
i
M
A
X

RRH
Indoor rack
RRH
RRH
L
T
E

Delay
difference
40 km max.
Source: 4GGear Service
L
T
E

L
T
E

Why not Microwave for LTE backhaul?
! LTE footprint still too small, so
operators are finding fiber available
within the initial coverage area.
! Other backhaul means will be
necessary to achieve the required
quality of experience:
! Macrocell backhaul
! Microwave links (including
millimeter wave)
! Free Space Optics
! Small cell backhaul
! Non-line of sight wireless
backhaul
! Strand-mount (DOCSIS
backhaul)
! Remote Radio Heads (RRH)
1
LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS
A REALITY CHECK
PETER CROY, SENI OR NETWORK ARCHI TECT, AVI AT NETWORKS
LTE Cell: Single User Throughput Estimates
IP packet throughput rates vary with RF channel bandwidth and user distance
from cell center
Majority of handsets in a cell/sector are located within medium & far distance
from the cell center (>90% of cell coverage area)
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Estimating LTE Cell Backhaul Capacity
Typical macro cell tower hosts 3 LTE radio sectors
Site backhaul capacity with overbooking factor (OBF) between 3 and 5
Capacity includes 15% dynamic range margin for QoS
Figures are already LTE high-end estimates, higher capacities through
reducing overbooking factor to 1 from 3
!AnuA8? 131P, 2011 3 AvlA1 nL1WC8kS |
Cell backhaul capaclLy [Mbps] vs. deploymenL area
Channel
8andwldLh
uense urban
(close range LhroughpuL)
Sub-urban
(medlum range LhroughpuL)
8ural
(medlum range LhroughpuL)
3Mhz 20 (C8l 3) 13 (C8l 3) 8 (C8l 3)
(luu Lyplcal) 10MPz 30 (C8l 3) 33 (C8l 3) 20 (C8l 3)
20MPz 100 (C8l 3) 63 (C8l 3) 40 (C8l3)
L1L backhaul reallsucally 10's, noL 100's of Mbps
Backhaul Capacity Trend: 10MHz LTE Channel
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Backhaul Topology Comparison for LTE
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Backhaul Capacity Example: Ring Architecture
Six cell backhaul in dense urban area @50Mbps
Multiple site packet capacity not simply sum of cell capacities
Network recovers from any single link failure
To/from
core network
50Mbps
50Mbps
70Mbps
50Mbps
70Mbps
100Mbps
150Mbps
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The LTE Hype Cycle
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LTE Capacity Conclusions
LTE backhaul capacity needs are regularly over-stated
Capacity is fixed per site and only determined by base
station technology
The backhaul limit for a site will likely be ~150 Mbit/s
for a 10MHz LTE radio channel
Only way to add more network capacity:
- Add more cell sites, upgrade to MIMO or increase the LTE channel
bandwidth
Ring/Mesh topologies are best suited to cope with the
high capacity requirements
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9
STUART LI TTLE, DI RECTOR OF MARKETI NG, AVI AT NETWORKS
HOW LICENSED MICROWAVE
MEETS THE BACKHAUL CAPACITY
NEEDS OF LTE
Uncertainty can lead to bad backhaul choices
Backhaul discussion often in
terms of hundreds of megabits or
even gigabits of capacity
Just one in four mobile operators
have said that they understood
the requirements for LTE
backhaul
This uncertainty could drive over-
investment for backhaul capacity
that is not needed within the
foreseeable future
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LTE Cell-Site Capacity
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Why pay for capacity you may never need?
The total cost of building
or leasing fiber to the cell-
site far exceeds that of a
typical microwave
connection
Over-building capacity
with fiber will waste an
enormous amount of
network investments
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The 3 Most Important Backhaul Decision Factors
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Microwave Capacity Expansion Options
Native Ethernet transport
Adaptive Modulation
Adaptive Coding
Ethernet Frame
suppression and
compression
Capacity-doubling through
co-channel operation with
XPIC
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Microwave techniques for high capacity
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Getting even more wireless capacity
Diverse path network topologies
(rings/mesh)
Lightly licensed and license free
60-90 GHz Millimeter wave
bands
Payload compression
Higher order modulation
schemes >256QAM
Multi-carrier operation
Multiple-in/Multiple-out (MIMO)
techniques
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Dont let fiber break the bank!
!"#$"%& ()*+, -.(( (/ "01"* #2*34%56 7
Fiber is not the only
answer for operators
deploying HSPA+ & LTE
Operators need to balance
realistic capacity
expectations with total cost
Microwave transport meets
the foreseeable capacity
needs for mobile backhaul
for several years to come
WWW.AVIATNETWORKS.COM
Audience Poll #1
How realistic are the current LTE user
throughput expectations?
%
Audience Poll #2
In the next 5 years, what proportion of new HSPA
+ and LTE cellsites will be connected by fiber?
%
%
%
%
About 4Ggear:
The 4G Equipment Analysis Service
Contact Information
410 rue des Recollets, Suite 301
Montreal, QC,
H2Y 1W2
CANADA
info@maravedis-bwa.com
(305) 992-3196
(514) 313-5465

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