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EXCLUSIVAMENTE DOCENTE
DE LOS ALUMNOS DEL MSTER DE
ENERGAS RENOVABLES
ULL/ CURSO 2008 - 10
1
Temperatura
T
0
( C)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
r
3
N/ m
9806
9807
9804
9798
9789
9778
9764
9749
9730
9711
9690
9666
9642
9616
9589
9560
9530
9499
9466
9433
9399
* g = 9806 N/ m3
m
3
Kg/ m
999.9
1000.0
999.7
999.1
998.2
997.1
995.7
994.1
992.2
990.2
988.1
985.7
983.2
980.6
977.8
974.9
971.8
968.6
965.3
961.9
958.4
Pa*s x 10
1.792
1.519
1.308
1.140
1.005
0.894
0.801
0.723
0.656
0.599
0.549
0.506
0.469
0.436
0.406
0.380
0.357
0.336
0.317
0.299
0.284
n
-3
cm2/ s x 10
1.792
1.519
1.308
1.141
1.007
0.897
0.804
0.727
0.661
0.605
0.556
0.513
0.477
0.444
0.415
0.390
0.367
0.347
0.328
0.311
0.296
6
7
Tensin Carga a presin
superficial
de vapor
s
-2
N / m x 10
7.62
7.54
7.48
7.41
7.36
7.26
7.18
7.10
7.01
6.92
6.82
6.74
6.68
6.58
6.50
6.40
6.30
6.20
6.12
6.02
5.94
pv *
-2
REGRESAR
m
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.25
0.33
0.44
0.58
0.76
0.98
1.26
1.61
2.03
2.56
3.20
3.96
4.86
5.93
7.18
8.62
10.33
8
Mdulo
Elasticidad Vol.
Temperatura
Pa
204
206
211
214
220
222
223
224
227
229
230
231
228
226
225
223
221
217
216
211
207
1
Temperatura
Visc cinem T / Visc cinemT = 200C
/g
= 20 0C
( C)
(adim.)
(adim.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
1.780
1.508
1.299
1.133
1.000
0.891
0.798
0.722
0.656
0.601
0.552
0.509
0.474
0.441
0.412
0.387
0.364
0.345
0.326
0.309
0.294
1.002
1.002
1.002
1.001
1.000
0.999
0.997
0.996
0.994
0.992
0.990
0.987
0.985
0.982
0.980
0.977
0.974
0.970
0.967
0.964
0.960
T
0
( C)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
input data
output data
linked data
Z1 =
Z2 =
Q=
Sh f =
r.p.m. =
h global =
2200.00
780.00
500.00
1.90
2950
78.00
m
m
l/s
m
1/ s
%
H bruta =
H neta =
P neta =
P freno =
1420.00
1418.10
6955.80
5425.52
m
m
kW
kW
Ns =
24.97
ACIONES DE TURBINAS
input data
output data
D interior =
500.00
367.20
600.00
l/s
m
mm
e=
n=
Vlvulas compuerta
0.150
mm
cm2 / s
0.0101
Ver tabla de viscosidades del agua
Vlvulas de globo
Vlvulas de mariposa
Vlvulas de retencin
VERIFICACIN DE LA VELOCIDAD
1.77
m/ s
Nmero
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
K accesorio
0.60
0.75
0.90
0.36
0.19
10.00
2.50
0.50
1.00
0.06
0.25
0.15
l equiv. accesorio
total 1 (m) :
V=
v 2 / 2g =
Re =
f=
FUNCION-OBJ.
L equiv. Total =
Sh f =
CLCULOS:
1.77
0.16
1,055,755
0.015
-0.001
470.93
1.90
m/ s
m
adim.
adim.
m
m
hlocal
v 2 2 v1 2
= K *
2
g
2
g
input data
output data
Z1 =
Z2 =
r.p.m. =
h global =
P freno =
781.00
0.00
2000.00
15.00
1000
85.00
800.00
m
m
m
%
1/ s
%
kW
H bruta =
H neta =
Sh f =
Q=
Ns =
781.00
663.85
117.15
104.42
8.39
m
m
m
l/s
Q=
H neta requerida =
Sh f mxima posible =
K sistema = Shf/ Q2 =
D aprox. =
86.00
89.80
771.92
9.08
10744.90
%
l/s
m
m
s2/ m2
mm
8/ g*p^2 =
8/ g*p^2*f =
r.p.m.
3000
1500
1000
750
600
0.08
0.002
TURBINA PELTON
dchorro =
Nmero de chorros =
c1
(m/ s)
90.00
72.00
57.60
46.08
36.86
29.49
23.59
18.87
15.10
90
1
Hneta_chorro
(mca)
412.84
264.22
169.10
108.22
69.26
44.33
28.37
18.16
11.62
(mm)
(adim.)
Q
(lps)
572.55
458.04
366.44
293.15
234.52
187.61
150.09
120.07
96.06
195.531559
450.00
H neta chorro (mca)
400.00
350.00
300.00
250.00
Series1
200.00
Poly. (Series1)
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
0.00
200.00
400.00
Q (lps)
600.00
800.00
13
De: http://html.rincondelvago.com/centrales-hidroelectricas_3.html
Velocidad especfica (Ns)
Tipo de turbina
Hasta 18
800
18 a 25
800 - 400
26 a 35
400 - 100
26 a 35
800 - 400
36 a 50
400 - 100
51 a 72
55 a 70
Francis lentsima
400 - 200
70 a 120
Francis lenta
200 - 100
120 a 200
Francis media
100 - 50
200 a 300
Francis veloz
50 - 25
300 a 450
25 - 15
400 a 500
Hlice velocsima
Hasta 15
270 a 500
Kaplan lenta
50 - 15
500 a 800
Kaplan veloz
15 a 5
800 a 1100
Kaplan velocsima
400 - 100
Tipo de Turbina
Intervalo de Ns
Pelton de un chorro
Pelton de 2 chorros
Turgo
Mitchell- Banki
Francis
Hlice
Kaplan
10 a 35
10 a 45
20 a 80
20 a 90
70 a 500
600 a 900
350 a 1000
De: http://tar5.eup.us.es/tar/formatec/tagua/t02_transporte_del_agua.pdf
A1
Angulo
(A2/ A1
(A2/ A1
(grados)
C
C
2
0.20
0.20
4
0.13
0.13
6
0.20
0.20
10
0.42
0.42
1.40
20
0.89
0.82
C = 8E-06ngulo3 - 0.0014ngulo
R2 = 0.9674
1.20
1.00
C = 6E-06ngulo3 - 0.0011ngulo
R2 = 0.9777
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
34
1.22
1.10
40
1.18
1.09
50
1.08
1.05
60
1.03
1.02
70
1.01
1.01
90
1.00
1.00
Accesorio o singularidad
Entrada recta a una tubera, a ras desde un depsito
K
0.5
0.01 a 0.05
0.8 a 1.0
Expansin brusca
1.0
1.0
10.0
0.5
0.01 a 0.05
0.8 a 1.0
1.0
1.0
10.0
(segn Steeter)
0 (segn Manual de
GUNT)
A2/ A1
K ensanchamiento brusco
Cc estrechamiento brusco
K estrechamiento brusco
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.80
0.04
0.77
0.09
0.60
0.16
0.70
0.18
0.40
0.36
0.65
0.29
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00
K vs. A2/ A1
Linear (K vs. A2/ A1)
0.50
1.00
1.50
A2/ A1
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.200.00
K vs. A2/ A1
Poly. (K vs. A2/ A1)
0.50
1.00
A2/ A1
1.50
0.20
0.64
0.62
0.38
0.10
0.81
0.61
0.41
0.01
0.98
0.60
0.44
Accesorio o singularidad
2.5
Codo estndar
0.9
Del Manual de Prcticas de GUNT
0.75
0.60
K = 2.5*
K 90
Caso de un tubo liso:
1,13 y para tubos rugosos:
= 1,68.
P ara una pieza de
rige liso = 0,24 y
0,36.
Bifurcacin
Qd
j
Kd
Qa
Del Manual de Prcticas de GUNT
Qa
Del Manual de Prcticas de GUNT
T
T
T
0.40 a 1.0*
1.8 a 3.1*
3.6 a 6.2*
1.8
2.5
0.9
0.75
0.60
= 2.5* K90
K 90 *(/90)
= 45 0
rugoso =
Ka
Kd
Qa/ Q
0.40 a 1.0*
1.8 a 3.1*
3.6 a 6.2*
Ka
j
Kd
Qa/ Q
Ka
j
Kd
Qa/ Q