Formulation of interaction chart for RC column: Uni-Axial :

Formulation of uni-axial bending is straight forward. Following steps are involved in generating the interaction curve: 1. Assume a percent of steel say 1%. 2. he internal resisting forces for the given neutral axis position needs to be calculated using stress-strain relationship of concrete and steel i.e. formulation of ! and " for any given neutral axis is re#uired. he force ! calculated from concrete is nothing but volume of concrete area under the stress-strain curve if the stress-strain curve is put li$e a roof. he ! calculated from steel is the %algebraic& sum of the forces in all bars. 'imilarly the moment " is the moment of all such forces with reference to (.).

*. +ow $eep the neutral axis outside the column say at a distance of 1., - . where . is the maximum dimension of the column. (alculate the ! and " for this neutral axis position. +ow plot this ! and " %you might calculate non dimensional form of this li$e '! 1/&. 0. +ow move the neutral axis about 1.1-. toward the column and find ! and ". +ow plot this ! and ". ,. 2nce the neutral axis reaches inner portion of the column3 the ! gets reduced and at one point3 ! becomes negative. 'top the iteration. /. +ow increase the percent of steel to 2 % and repeat the step. Bi-Axial : Formulation of 4i-axial bending is bit complicated as the formulation of forces become difficult.

alpha

here are two $inds of interaction curve in bi-axial3 a& 5oad contour b& !-" interaction curve he bi-axial case can be imagined as a #uadrant of an onion as shown below. 6f a hori7ontal plane cuts this surface for the given force say p13 the curve obtained is called load contour %for various percent of steel&. 'imilarly if the !-" interaction curve for the given ratio of "8"y3 it is shown. ! "y !

!1

"y "n "2 "x "1 "x "a

Following steps are involved in generating the 5oad contour curve : 1. Assume a percent of steel say 1%. 2. he internal resisting forces for the given neutral axis position needs to be calculated as explained earlier but the neutral axis is $ept at an angle alpha and at a distance from the edge of the column. Formulation of direct e#uation may be difficult and lot of cases can arise %if the shape of

column is other than rectangle3 it adds further complication& if bi-linear stress curve is considered %some code suggests the use of rectangular stress bloc$&. 6 have used numerical techni#ue to ma$e it more generic but it may increase the overall time re#uired for the calculation. *. +ow $eep the neutral axis outside the column edge say at a distance of 1., - . where . is the maximum dimension of the column. 9eep the angle as 7ero. a. "ove the neutral axis toward column and calculate ! for each position. "ove this until the calculated value of ! matches !1. :ou might use method of bisection to ma$e the search faster %method of bisection or binary search is a common numerical method used to pic$ the given value from an ordered table&. +ow the calculate the corresponding " which is nothing but "1 shown in the load contour. b. +ow change the angle as , deg and start from 1., . distance to move toward column as per previous step. (ontinue the same procedure to find "2. c. (ontinue the steps for various angles. ;hen the angle is <1 deg3 the point "n is found %if the shape is not rectangular3 this condition is not true i.e. the angle can be more than <1 deg&. d. !lotting these values gives load contour for 1% of steel. 0. +ow increase the percent of steel to 2% and repeat the step *. Following steps are involved in generating the !-" interaction curve : 1. Assume a percent of steel say 1%. 2. For the given "x and "y 3 find the ratio. +ow $eep the +.A outside the column at a distance of 1., . and $eep the angle changed using binary search to find the internal forces ratio "x8 "y to match the given ratio. +ow calculate the !. !lot the ! and '#rt%"x 2 = "y2&. *. +ow reduce the distance and do the step 2.