ASSIGNMENT-II

What are the characteristics of Management? Management is an activity Invisible Force Goal Oriented Accomplishment through the efforts of Others Universal activity
Art as well as Science

Multidisciplinary Knowledge Management is distinct from ownership

Need at all levels

I.

Management is an activity: Management is an activity which is concerned with the efficient utilization of human and non-human resources of production Invisible Force: Management is an invisible force. Its existence can be felt through the enterprise or institution it is managing. Goal Oriented: Management is goal oriented as it aims to achieve some definite goals and objectives Accomplishment through the efforts of Others: Managers cannot do everything themselves. Universal activity: Management is universal. Management is required in all types or organizations.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

2. How many Importance of Management?

The points below bring out the significance or importance of management 1. Encourages Initiative 2. Encourages Innovation 3. Facilitates growth and expansion 4. Improves life of workers 5. Improves corporate image 6. Motivates employees 7. Optimum use of resources 8. Reduces wastage 9. Increases efficiency 10. Improves relations 11. Reduces absenteeism and labour turnover 12. Encourages Team Work

3. Briefly explain the Managerial functions?

Managerial

Functions

The functions which describe managerial job, when put together, make up the management process. This process is analyzed into key functions of management viz., planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Planning, organizing and controlling which deal mostly with non-human aspects are known as mechanics of management, whereas staffing and direction which are primarily concerned with human aspects constitute dynamics of management. In the conceptual scheme, though the functions are listed out in a sequence, I practice they are interlocked as a system. As all functions are not equally important for all managers, time spent by them for each of these functions varies according to their levels in the organization. These functions has been discussed below

Planning: Planning refers to anticipate the opportunity, problems and conditions and choosing from among the alternative future courses of action.

Organizing function: The organizing function of management is the process of defining and grouping of activities and creating authority relationship among them.
Staffing: Planning the organization with suitable personnel constitutes the staffing function. It involves selection, training and development, compensation, and appraisal of subordinates by the manager. Manpower planning and manpower management looks after these activities and try to ensure suitable methods of remuneration and performance appraisal of the employees.

Directing Function: involves managing people and the work through the means of motivation, proper leadership, effective communication and coordination. A manager must develop ability to command. He should issue orders and instructions without arousing any resentment among the subordinates. He must be able to secure willing obedience from his subordinates without destroying their initiative and creativity. Moreover, it requires a sound communication system to enable exchange of ideas and information for common understanding.

Controlling Function: enables management to ensure that achievement is in accordance with the established plans it involves:

Establishing

performance

standards

for

evaluating

results.

Performance

on

the

basis

of

records

and

reports

on

the

progress

of

work.

Performance evaluation against the standards set

4. Describe the Organizing process & Function

1. Fixing the objectives of the organisation At the top level, administrative management first fixes the common objectives of organisation. 2. Finding activities must for achieving objectives After fixing the objectives, the top-level management prepares a list of different activities (or works) which are required to be carried out for achieving these objectives. 3. Grouping the similar activities All similar or related activities having a common purpose are grouped together to make departments. 4. Defining responsibilities of each employee The responsibilities (duties) of each employee are clearly defined. This will result in the selection of a right person for the right post / job. 5. Delegating authority to employees Each employee is delegated (surrender or given) authority. Without authority, the employees cannot carry out their responsibilities. 6. Defining authority relationship When two or more persons work together for a common goal, it becomes necessary to clearly define the authority relationship between them.

7. Providing employees all required resources After defining the authority relationships, the employees are provided with all the material and financial resources, which are required for achieving the objectives of the organisation. 8. Coordinating efforts of all to achieve goals This is the last stage or step in the process of organisation. Here, the efforts of all the individuals, groups, departments, etc. are brought together and co-coordinated towards the common objectives of the organisation.

Organizing Function of Management

1. Identification of activities - All the activities which have to be performed in a concern have to be identified first. For example, preparation of accounts, making sales, record keeping, quality control, inventory control, etc. All these activities have to be grouped and classified into units. 2. Departmentally organizing the activities - In this step, the manager tries to combine and group similar and related activities into units or departments. This organization of dividing the whole concern into independent units and departments is called departmentation 3. Classifying the authority - Once the departments are made, the manager likes to classify the powers and its extent to the managers. This activity of giving a rank in order to the managerial positions is called hierarchy. 4. Co-ordination between authority and responsibility - Relationships are established among various groups to enable smooth interaction toward the achievment of the organizational goal.

SUBJECT: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ASSIGNMENT-II

Compare the direct environmental forces indirect environmental forces ?