ETTI.

Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

IP Multicast
The purpose of this lab is to study IP multicast, IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol), and the multicast routing protocols PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) DM (Dense Mode) and PIM SM (Sparse Mode).

1. Network setup
1.1. We use the network configuration shown in Figure 1. The instructions given in the following are for the variant of this lab that uses the network emulator GNS3. 1.2. Create the network topology shown in FIgure 1 using GNS3. All routers are Cisco 2621, configured with a double Fast Ethernet interface Cisco2600-MB-2FE in slot 0 and a double serial interface WIC-2T in the slot wic 0. All hosts shown in Figure 1 are actually Cisco 2621 routers with a Cisco2600-MB-2FE interface, because currently we don't have a better way to emulate multicast receivers.

Figure 1. Network configuration. 1.3. Start a router and then adjust the Idle PC parameter (ask the instructor, if necessary). Then start the entire network. 1.4. Configure IP and RIP on the routers as shown in Figure 1. An example showing the basic configuration and verification commands is provided in Annex A1 for RC. - On each serial link, one of the interfaces (DCE connector) must generate the clock signal. Use the following convention: the interface with lower IP address generates the clock signal. For each such interface add the command clockrate 2000000. The interfaces will operate at 2 Mbps. - Check if the router configuration is correect and if the routers operate properly (see Annex A1). - If correct, save the configuration using the command copy running-config startup-config. 1.5. Configure the hosts according to figure 1. An example showing the basic configuration and verification commands is provided in Annex A2 for HC. Test the connectivity between them using ping. 1.6. Save the configured network topology in a file using GNS3. 1.7. Starting and stopping multicast senders and receivers. - All experiments will use the multicast address 239.2.3.9. 1

ETTI. Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

- You can use the following commands to make our pseudo-hosts (HA-HD) join or leave the multicast group (in real life, an application running on the host calls API functions for this purpose, but the effect in the network is the same): - The "host" joins the multicast group - start multicast receiver: conf t int f0/0 ip igmp join-group 239.2.3.9 - The "host" leave the multicast group - stop multicast receiver: conf t int f0/0 no ip igmp join-group 239.2.3.9 - You can start a multicast sender at a "host" using the command: ping 239.2.3.9 repeat 100 This transmission will last only 200 seconds (execute again the command when necessary or use a larger repeat value). You can stop the multicast sender using the escape sequence ctrl-shift-6.

2. Multicast configuration for PIM-DM

2.1. Activate multicast routing using PIM-DM on each router using the following sequence of commands: - Enter global configuration mode: configure terminal - Activate multicast routing globally: ip multicast-routing - Enable multicast routing with PIM DM for each active interface. For example, for router RB, use the following sequence of commands (similar for the other routers): interface f0/0 ip pim dense-mode interface f0/1 ip pim dense-mode interface s0/0 ip pim dense-mode interface s0/1 ip pim dense-mode - Exit configuration mode. Check the configuration and then save it. Enabling PIM on an interface also enables IGMP operation on that interface. 2.2. Test the current status of multicast routing (224.0.1.40 = Cisco-RP-Discovery): - IGMP status: show ip igmp ? (interfaces, groups) - PIM status: show ip pim ? (interface, neighbor) - Multicast routing table: show ip mroute

3. IGMP operation
3.1. Using GNS3 and Wireshark start capturing the packets at the interface of host HA. 3.2. Start the multicast receiver at host HA. Check the IGMP status at router RA (show ip igmp groups). 2

ETTI. Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

Check the PIM-DM routing table (show ip mroute). 3.3. Stop the multicast receiver at host HA. Check the IGMP status at router RA (show ip igmp groups). Check the PIM-DM routing table using (show ip mroute). 3.4. Stop capturing the packets with Wireshark and inspect the IGMP packets exchanged during this test.

4. PIM-DM operation
PIM-DM features: Source-based trees. Data-driven tree setup using RPF: broadcast & prune, graft. Initially, all multicast senders and receivers are stopped. 4.1. Multicast receivers stopped. A multicast sender starts transmission. - Stop all multicast receivers. - Display the multicast routing table of each router in the initial state (show ip mroute). - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.2.2 of router RB. - Start the multicast sender at host HC. - Display the IGMP status (show ip igmp groups) of RC and the multicast routing table of each router. Analyze the changes. Do you see any multicast tree? Explain what happened and why. - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-DM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. 4.2. Multicast sender stopped. Multicast receivers join the multicast group. - Stop the multicast sender, if still active. - Start the multicast receiver at host HD. - Display the IGMP status of RD and the multicast routing table of each router. Analyze the changes. Do you see any multicast tree? Explain what happened. - Start the multicast receiver at host HB. - Display the IGMP status of RB and the multicast routing table of each router. Analyze the changes. Do you see any multicast tree? Explain what happened. 4.3. Multicast receivers started. A multicast sender starts transmission. - Start the multicast sender at host HC. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 4.4. A multicast receiver joins the multicast group during transmission. - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.2.2 of router RB. - Start the multicast receiver at host HA. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-DM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. 4.5. Second multicast sender starts transmission (make sure that HC is still sending). - Start the multicast sender at host HB. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. You should identify two multicast trees. Draw the multicast trees and explain. 4.6. Multicast receivers leave the multicast group during transmission. 3

ETTI. Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

- Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.2.2 of router RB. - Stop the multicast receiver at host HA. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-DM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. - Stop the multicast receiver on host HD. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 4.7. Multicast sender terminates the transmission. - Stop all multicast senders. - Display the multicast routing tables and analyze the changes (soft state: routes expire in several minutes).

5. PIM-SM configuration
5.1. Replace PIM-DM by PIM-SM. The steps and commands used for PIM-SM basic configuration are similar to those used for PIM-DM. Modify the configuration of each router using the following commands: - Enter global configuration mode: configure terminal - Configure a rendezvous-point (RP) router. We choose RB as rendezvous-point (simplified, single RP): ip pim rp-address 192.168.2.2 - Set the threshold for switching to SPT to 100 Kbps (default: 0, immediate setup): ip pim spt-threshold 100 - Enable multicast routing with PIM SM for each active interface. For example, for router RB: interface f0/0 ip pim sparse-mode interface f0/1 ip pim sparse-mode interface s0/0 ip pim sparse-mode interface s0/1 ip pim sparse-mode - Exit configuration mode. Check and save the current configuration. 5.2. Test the current status of multicast routing (224.0.1.40 = Cisco-RP-Discovery): - PIM status: show ip pim ? (interface, neighbor) - Multicast routing table: show ip mroute

6. PIM-SM operation
PIM-SM features: Shared trees. Control-driven tree setup using RPF. Source-based tree optimization. Initially, all multicast senders and receivers are stopped. 6.1. Multicast receivers join the group (shared tree). - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.5.2 of router RB. - Start the multicast receiver at host HD.

ETTI. Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

- Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-SM packets exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim"). Explain what happened. - Display the IGMP status of RD and the multicast routing table of each router. Analyze the changes. Do you see any multicast tree? Explain what happened. - Start the multicast receiver at host HB. - Display the IGMP status of RB and the multicast routing table of each router. Analyze the changes. Do you see any multicast tree? Explain what happened. 6.2. Multicast sender starts transmission - without SPT optimization. - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.4.2 of router RB. - Start the multicast sender at host HC. - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-SM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 6.3. A multicast receiver joins the multicast group during transmission. - Start the multicast receiver at host HA. - Display the multicast routing tables and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 6.4. Multicast sender transmits - with SPT optimization (make sure that HC is still sending). - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.7.2 of router RD. - Modify the configuration of each router in order to reduce the SPT threashold to 0 using the following commands: configure terminal ip pim spt-threshold 0 - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-SM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 6.5. Second multicast sender starts transmission (make sure that HC is still sending). - Start the multicast sender at host HB. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 6.6. Multicast receivers leave the multicast group during transmission. - Start packet capture at the interface 192.168.2.2 of router RB. - Stop the multicast receiver at host HA. - Stop packet capture and inspect the PIM-SM packets and the multicast packets (ICMP Echo Request) exchanged during this test (Wireshark filter: "pim or icmp"). Explain what happened. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. - Stop the multicast receiver on host HD. - Display the multicast routing table of each router and analyze the changes. Draw the multicast tree according to the routing tables and explain what happened. 6.7. Multicast sender terminates the transmission. - Stop all multicast senders. - Display the multicast routing tables and analyze the changes (routes expire in several minutes).

ETTI. Lab: IP multicast (V1)

Octavian Catrina, 2012

Annex: Review of basic configuration commands

Router interfaces - abbreviated interface names: Cisco router family 2600 Cisco2600-MB-2FE f0/0, f0/1 WIC-2T (Serial) s0/0, s0/1

A1. Example of basic router configuration Adapt this example to your network topology (check how the serial interfaces are connected!). Initial configuration for router RC (IP and RIP, no multicast, some abbreviations): Router> enable Router# conf term Router(config)# hostname RC RC(config)# int f0/0 RC(config-if)# ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 RC(config-if)# int s0/0 RC(config-if)# ip address 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.0 RC(config-if)# clockrate 2000000 RC(config-if)# int s0/1 RC(config-if)# ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0 RC(config-if)# exit RC(config)# router rip RC(config-router)# version 2 RC(config-router)# no auto-summary RC(config-router)# network 192.168.4.0 RC(config-router)# network 192.168.6.0 RC(config-router)# network 192.168.7.0 RC(config-router)# Ctrl-Z RC# show run RC# show int RC# show ip proto RC# show ip route RC# copy run start A2. Example of "host" configuration Initial configuration for "host" HC, connected to RC (actually, a router): Router# conf term Router(config)# hostname HC HC(config)# int f0/0 HC(config-if)# ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 HC(config-if)# exit HC(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.6.1 RC(config)# Ctrl-Z RC# show run RC# show int RC# ping ... RC# copy run start