Numbers and Sets

1. Beteiminethevalueofaif
2 +ai
1 +2i
isaiealnumbeianufinuthisiealnumbei.
[4] 99-T
2. Solvetheequation2log
x
S log
3
x =
S
2
.
[6] 99-S
S. Solveequation_
4x
1 x
= S.
[5] 00-S
4. Showthata
2
+b
2
2ab.
Ifx + y +z = c, showthatx
2
+y
2
+z
2

1
S
c
2
.
[2], [2] 01-T
S. uiventhatz
1
= 1 + 2ianuz
2
= S 4i. Expiess
1
z
1
+
1
z
1
2z
2
inthefoima +biwheiea
anubaieiealnumbeis.
[3] 01-S
6. Expiess
_
S9 246inthefoimofp2 +qSwheiepanuqaietheintegeis.
|7]u2
7. If(x +iy)
2
= i, finualltheiealvaluesofxanuy.
|6]uS
8. 0singthelawofalgebiaofsets, showthat, foianysetsAanuB,
(A B) (B A) = (A B) (A B)
[6] 04
9. 0singthelawofthealgebiaofsets, showthat
(A B)
i
(A
i
B) = B
i

[4] 05
1u. Thecomplexnumbeiz
1
anuz
2
satisfytheequationz
2
= 2 2Si
(a)Expiessz
1
anuz
2
inthefoimofa +bi, wheieaanubaietheiealnumbeis.
(b)Repiesentz
1
anuz
2
inanAiganuuiagiam.
(c)Foieachz
1
anuz
2
, finuthemouulus, anuitsaigumentsiniauians.
|6], |1], |4]u6

11. IfA, BanuCaieabitiaiysets, showthat:
|(A B) (B C)] (A C)
i
=
[4] 06

12. Iflog
a
[
x
a
2
= Slog
a
2 log
a
(x 2a), expiessxinteimsofa.
[6] 07
1S. Simplify
(a)
(7 S)
2
2(7 +S)

(b)
2(1 + Si)
(1 Si)
2
wheiei = 1
[3], [3] 07

14. 0singuefinitions, showthat, foianysetsA, BanuC
A (B C) (A B) (A C)
[5] 08
1S. Ifzisacomplexnumbeisuchthat|z| = 1, finutheiealpaitof
1
1 z
.
[6] 08
16. uiventhat:
log
a
(Sx 4a) + log
a
Sx =
2
log
2
a
+log
a
(1 2a)
wheieu < a <
1
2
, finux.
|7]u9





















Polynomials
1. Showthatfoialliealvaluesofx,
x
2
+ x +1
x +1
uoesnotliebetween Sanu1.
[5] 99-T
2. Equationax
2
+bx +c = uwitha, banucasnon zeioconstants, hasiootsanu.
(a)If = , with u, 1, anuequationlx
2
+ mx +n = u, withl, manunasanon
zeioconstants, hasioots( +1)
2
anu( +1)
2
showthat
m
2
ln
=
b
2
ac
.
(b)If > anuequationsx
2
+ px + q = u, withpanuqasnon zeioconstants, hasioots

2
+
2
anu
2

2
, expiesspanuqinteimsa, banuc.
[7], [8] 99-T
S. uiventhatmanunaieconstantsanuthetwoquauiaticequationsSx
2
+mx + 2 = uanu
x
2
+nx + 4 = uhasonecommonioot. Showthat2m
2
+Sn
2
7mn + Su = u.
[5] 99-S
4.uiventhatx + 2isafactoioff(x) = x
3
+ (a +2b)x
2
+(a Sb)x + 8, finuainteimsofb
anufinuq(x)sothatf(x) = (x +2)q(x)holusfoiallvaluesofb.
Beteiminethevaluesofbsothatf(x) = uhasatleasttwouistinctiealioots.
Sketchonuiffeientuiagiam, thegiaphofy = f(x)whenb =
6
S
anub =
2
S
.
[5], [6], [4] 99-S
S. Functionfisuefineubyf(x) =
1
x
, withx Ranux u. Beteiminethesetofvaluesofx
suchthatf(x) > (x 1).
[5] 00-T

6. uiventhatx
3
+mx
2
+nx 6 = uisuivisiblebyx Sanux +2, finumanun.
[5] 00-T

7. uiventhattheax
2
+ bx +c = uhasiootsanu. Showthat:
+ =
b
a
anu =
c
a


(a)If = 2, b = a + c, expiessainteimsofc
(b)Showthatc
3
x
2
+(b
3
Sabc)x a
3
= uhasioots
1

3
anu
1

3
.
[4], [5], [6] 00-T
8. Beteiminethevaluesofksothatthequauiaticequationx
2
+ 2kx +Sk S = uhastwo
uistinctiealioots.
[4] 00-S


9. Showthattheiealiootsofax
2
+ bx +c = u, a uaiegivenby:
x =
b _ b
2
4ac
2a

Beuucethatifm+ni, withm, n R, isaiootofthisequation, thenmniisanotheiioot.
(a)Showthat2 +iisaiootoff(x) = uwheief(x) = 2x
3
Sx
2
2x +1S, anufinuitsothei
ioots.
(b)Finuapolynomialg(x)sothatf(x) xg(x) = 1S 7x. Expiessg(x)inthefoimof
p(x q)
2
+ i, withp, q, i R, finuthemaximum
1
g(x)
.
[5], [5], [5] 00-S

1u. uiventhatanuaieiootsofx
2
+Sx + 1 = u. Finuaquauiaticequationwithioots
+
1

anu +
1

.
[5] 01-T
11. uiventhatf(x) = x
3
+px
2
+7x + q, wheiepanuqaieconstants. Whenx = 1,
f
i
(x) = u.
Whenf(x)isuiviueubyx +1, theiemainueiis 16. Finuthevaluesofpanuq.
(a)Showthatf(x) = uonlyhasoneiealioot. Finuthesetofvaluesofxsuchthatf(x) > u.
(b)Expiess
x +9
f(x)
inpaitialfiaction.
[4], [6], [5] 01-T
12. Expiess
1 2x
x
2
(1 +2x
2
)
aspaitialfiaction.
[5] 01-S
1S. Functionfisuefineubyf(x) = x
2n
(p +1)x
2
+ p, wheienanupaiepositiveintegeis.
Showthatx 1isafactoioff(x)foiallvaluesofp.
whenp = 4, x 2isafactoioff(x). Finuthevalueofnanufactoiisef(x)completely.
Withthevalueofnyouhaveobtaineu, finuthesetofvaluesofpsuchthat
f(x) +2x
2
2 = uhasiootswhichaieuistinctanuieal.
[3], [5], [7] 01-S

14. Showthatpolynomials2x
3
9x
2
+ Sx +4hasx 1asfactoi.
Bence,
(a)Finualltheiealiootsof2x
6
9x
4
+Sx
2
+4 = u
(b)Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxsothat2x
3
9x
2
+Sx + 4 < 12 12x.
[2], [5], [6] 02

1S. Showthat 1istheonlyiealiootoftheequationx
3
+Sx
2
+Sx + S = u.
[5] 03

16. Finuthesetofvaluesofxsuchthat 2 < x
3
2x
2
+x 2 < u.
[7] 03

17. Sketch, onthesamecooiuinatesaxes, thegiaphsofy = 2 xanuy = _2 +
1
x
_.
Bence, solvetheinequality2 x > _2 +
1
x
_.
[4], [4] 04

18. Finuallthesolutionsetoftheinequality|x 2| <
1
x
, wheiex u.
[7] 05
19. Thepolynomialp(x) = x
4
+ ax
3
7x
2
4ax +bhasafactoiofx +Sanu, whenuiviueu
byx S, theiemainueiis6u. Finuthevaluesofaanub, anufactoiisep(x)completely.
0singthissubstitutiony =
1
x
, solvetheequation12y
4
8y
3
7y
2
+ 2y +1 = u.
[9], [3] 06

2u. FinutheconstantsA, B, CanuBsuchthat:
Sx
2
+Sx
(1 x
2
)(1 +x)
2
=
A
1 x
+
B
1 +x
+
C
(1 + x)
2
+
B
(1 + x)
3

[8] 07

21. 0singthesubstitutiony = x +
1
x
, expiessf(x) = x
3
4x 6
4
x
+
1
x
3
asapolynomial
iny.
Bence, finualltheiealiootsoftheequationf(x) = u.
[3], [10] 07

22. Thepolynomialp(x) = 2x
3
+4x
2
+
1
2
x khasfactoix +1.
(a)Finuthevalueofk.
(b)Factoiisep(x)completely.
[2], [4] 08
2S. Finuthesolutionsetoftheinequality:
_
4
x 1
_ > S
S
x

[10] 08


24. Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxsatisfyingtheinequality:
x
x + 1

1
x +1

[4] 09

2S. Finuallthevaluesofxify = |S x|anu4y (x
2
9) = 24.
[9] 09

26. Thepolynomialp(x) = 6x
4
ax
3
bx
2
+ 28x + 12, wheieaanubaieiealconstants,
hasfactois(x +2)anu(x 2).
(a)Finuthevaluesofaanub, anuhence, factoiisep(x)completely.
(b)uivethatp(x) = (2x S)|q(x) 41 +Sx
3
], finuq(x), anuueteimineitsiangewhen
x |2,1u].
[7], [8] 09


























Sequences and Series
1. Evaluate
1
1u
2r
.

r=1

Expiessu. 1

asaiationalteiminlowestfoim.
[2], [2] 99-T
2. Finutheexpansionof
(1 + x
2
)
p
(1 x)
q
inascenuingpoweisofxuntiltheteimsx
3
.
(a)Ifp = q =
1
2
, suggestonevalueofxthatenables
_
1S
1u
tobeestimateuusingtheabove
expansion. Bence, estimate
_
1S
1u
anuwiiteyouiansweisaccuiateto4uecimalplaces.
(b)Ifp =
1
S
, anuqliesintheinteival|u,9], finuthelaigestpossiblecoefficientofx
3
.
[5], [7], [3] 99-T
S. Expiess(2 1)
5
inthefoimofa2 + b, wheieaanubaieintegeis.
[3] 99-S
4. Thesumofthefiist2nteimsofaseiiesPis2un 4n
2
. Finuinteimsofn, thesumofthe
fiistnteimsofthisseiies. Showthatthisseiiesisanaiithmeticseiies.
SeiiesQisanaiithmeticseiiessuchthatthesumofitsfiistneventeimsismoiethanthesum
ofitsfiistnouuteimsby4n. Finuthecommonuiffeienceoftheseiies.
IfthefiistteimofseiiesQis1, ueteiminetheminimumvalueofnsuchthattheuiffeience
between thesumofthefiistnteimsofseiiesPanuthesumofthefiistnteimsofseiiesQ
ismoiethan98u.
[4], [5], [6] 99-S

S. Simplify(1 + 2S)
5
(1 2S)
5
.
[4] 00-T
6. (a)IfS
n
uenotesthesumofthefiistnteimsofageometiicseiiesS 1 +
1
S
anu
S

uenotesthesumofinfinityofthisseiies. Finuthesmallestnsuchthat:
|S

S
n
| < u.uuu1.
(b)Thefiistanuseconuteiminanaiithmeticseiiesequaliespectivelythefiistanutheseconu
teiminageometiicseiies. Thethiiuteimofthegeometiicseiiesexceeusthethiiuteimofthe
aiithmeticseiiesbyS. Theaiithmeticseiieshasapositivecommonuiffeienceanuthesum
ofitsfiistthieeteimsequalsS4. Finuthefiistteimofbothseiies. Finualsothecommonuiffeience
oftheaiithmeticseiiesanuthecommoniatioofthegeometiicseiies.
[7], [8] 00-T
7. uiventhatthesumofthefiistnteimsofaseiiesisnlogpq
n+1
. Showthat:
(a)Thenthteimoftheseiiesis logpq
2n

(b)Thisisanaiithmeticseiies.
[2], [3] 00-S
8. Expanu(1 +x)
1
5
inascenuingpoweiofxuntiltheteimsinx
3
. Bytakingx =
1
4u
, finu
theappioximationfoiS2.8
1
5
coiiecttofouiuecimalplaces.
Iftheexpansionof
1 + ax
1 +bx
anu(1 + x)
1
5
aiethesameuntiltheteimsinx
2
, finuthevaluesof
aanub. Bence, showthatS2.8
1
5

2uS
1u1
.
[7], [8] 00-S
9. Expanu(1 +8x)
1
2
intheascenuingpoweiofxuntiltheteimsinx
3
. Bytakingx =
1
1uu
,
finuScoiiecttofiveuecimalplaces.
[4] 01-T
1u. uiventhatS
n
= a +ai + ai
2
+ + ai
n-1
, witha u. ShowthatS
n
=
a(1 i
n
)
1 i
.
uivetheconuitiononisuchthat lim
n
S
n
exists, anuexpiessthislimitinteimsofaanui.
(a)Beteiminethesmallestintegeiofnsuchthat1 +
4
S
+_
4
S
]
2
+ +_
4
S
]
n
> 21.
(b)FinuthesumofinfinityS
2
(1 x)
2
+ S
3
(1 x)
3
+ + S
r
(1 x)

+ anuueteimine
thesetofvaluesofxsuchthatthissumexists.
[5], [5], [5] 01-T
11. Thesumanuthepiouuctofthieeconsecutiveteimsofanaiithmeticpiogiessionaie
Sanu24iepestively. Beteiminethethieepossibleteimsoftheaiithmeticpiogiession.
[5] 01-S
12. Expanu [1
x
n

n
wheienisapositiveintegeiinascenuingpoweiofxuntiltheteims
inx
3
. Ifthecoefficientofx
3
is
1
27
, finun.
Withthisvalueofn, obtaintheexpansion [1
x
n

n
(1 x)
1
2
inascenuingpoweisofxuntil
theteimsinx
3
.
Bence, bytakingx =
1
1u
, finutheappioximationof1uaccuiatetoSuecimalplaces.
[6], [5], [4] 01-S

1S. Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxsuchthatthegeometiicseiies1 + e
x
+e
2x
+
conveiges. Finutheexactvalueofxsothattheseiiesconveigesto2.
[6] 02
14. Expiess
1
4k
2
1
aspaitialfiaction.
Bence, finuasimpleexpiessionfoiS
n
=
1
4k
2
1
n
k=1
anufinu lim
n
S
n
.
[4], [4] 02
1S. Expiess _
1 +x
1 +2x
]
1
2
asaseiiesofascenuingpoweisofxuptoteimsinx
3
.
Bytakingx =
1
Su
, finu62coiiecttofouiuecimalplaces.
[6], [3] 03
16. Expiess0
r
=
2
i
2
+2i
inpaitialfiactions.
0singtheiesultsobtaineu,
(a)Showthat0
r
2
=
1
i
+
1
i
2
+
1
i +2
+
1
(i +2)
2

(b)Showthat 0
r
n
r=1
=
S
2

1
n +1

1
n + 2
, anuueteimineitsvaluesof 0
r

r=1
anu
_0
r+1
+
1
S
r
]

r=1
.
[3], [2], [9] 03
17. Expanu(1 x)
1
2
inascenuingpoweisofxuptotheteimsinx
3
. Bence, finuthevalueof
7coiiecttofiveuecimalplaces.
[5] 04
18. Piovethatthesumofthefiistnteimsofageometiicseiiesa +ai + ai
2
+ is
a(1 i
n
)
1 i
.
(a)ThesumofthefiistfiveteimsofageometiicseiiesisSSanuthesumofthefiisttenteims
ofageometiicseiiesis 1u2S. Finuthecommoniatioanuthefiistteimofthegeometiic
seiies.
(b)Thesumofthefiistnteimsanuthesumtoinfinityofthegeometiicseiies
6 S +
S
2
aieS
n
anuS

iespectively. Beteiminethesmallestvalueofnsuchthat
|S
n
S

| < u.uu1.
[3], [5], [7] 04

19. Foithegeometiicseiies7 + S.S + 1.7S + u.87S +, finuthesmallestvalueofnfoi
whichtheuiffeiencebetweenthesumoffiistnteimsanuthesumtoinfinityislessthan
u.u1.
[6] 05
2u. Expiessf(x) =
x
2
x 1
(x +2)(x +S)
inpaitialfiactions.
Bence, obtainanexpiessionoff(x)inascenuingoiueiof
1
x
uptoteimin
1
x
3
.
Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxfoiwhichtheexpansionisvaliu.
[5], [6], [2] 05
21. Ifxissosmallthatx
2
anuhigheipoweisofxmaybeneglecteu, showthat:
(1 x)
6
[2 +
x
1u

10
2
9
(2 7x)
[4] 06
22. ThenthteimofanaiithmeticpiogiessionisT
n
. Showthat0
n
=
S
2
(2)
2[
10-1
n
17

isthenthteimofageometiicpiogiession.
IfT
n
=
1
2
(17n 14), evaluate 0
n

n=1
.
[4], [4] 06
2S. Expiesstheinfiniteiecuiiinguecimalu.72

(= u.72S2S2S)asafiactioninitsloweist
teims.
[4] 07
24. In the beginning of this year, Mr. Liu and Miss Dora deposited RM10 000 and RM 2 000
respectively in a bank. They receive an interest of 4% per annum. Mr. Liu does not make any
additional deposit nor withdrawal, whereas, Miss Dora continues to deposit RM 2 000 at the
beginning of each of the subsequent years without any withdrawal.
(a) Calculate the total saving of Mr. Liu at the end of nth year.
(b) Calculate the total saving of Miss Dora at the end of nth year.
(c) Determine in which year the total saving of Miss Dora exceeds the total saving of Mr. Liu.
[3], [7], [5] 08
2S. Foithegeometiicseiies6 + S +
S
2
+, obtainthesmallestvalueofniftheuiffeience
betweenthesumofthefiistn +4teimsanuthesumoffiistnteimsislessthan
4S
64
.
[6] 09







Matrices
1. IfA = [
1 4
2 1
, B = [
u 1
S 2
anuC = [
S 4
21 19
, finumatiixXsuchthatAXB = C.
[5] 99-S
2. (a)uiven
N = _
2 S 1
1 u 4
1 1 1
_
ShowthatN
3
SN
2
+ 8N24I = u. BeuuceN
-1
.
(b)uivenmatiices:
A = _
1 2 S
S 2 1
S 1 2
_anuB = _
S 1 7
1 7 S
7 S 1
_
FinuAB. Bencesolvethesimulteneousequation:
Sx +y +7z = 8
x + 7y Sz = 16
7x Sy +z = 14
[7], [8] 99-S
S. uiven:
P = _
1 1 2
1 2 1
2 1 1
_
(a)FinuRsuchthatR = P
2
4P I.
(b)ShowthatPR +4I = .
[3], [2] 00-S
4. IfN = _
4 2 2
S 4 S
2 4 2
_anuN = _
2 2 1
u 2 S
2 6 S
_, finuNNanuNN.
Bence, finuN
-1
.

During the school holidays, a supermarket offers three sales packages A,B and C for shirts, long
pants and shoes with brand name Tampan. The number of each item and the offer price for each
package are shown in the following table.
Sales Packages Number of shirts Number of long
pants (pairs)
Number of shoes
(pairs)
Offer price (RM)
A 4 2 2 190
B 3 4 3 295
C 2 4 2 250

By representing the prices of a shirt, a pair of long pants and a pair of shoes as x, y and z
respectively, obtain a matrix equation representing the information above.
Solve the matrix equation you have obtained to determine the price of each item.
[6], [3], [6] 00-S
S. IfA = [
1 2
S 4
, B = [
1 2
1 S
, finuCsothatA = BCB
-1
.
[3] 01-S
6. NatiicesAanuBaiegivenas:
A = _
S 2 u
1 1 1
4 u 1
_anuB = _
1 2 2
S S S
4 8 1
_
FinuABanuueuuceA
-1
.

In conjunction with the XXI SEA Games which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Syarikat
Wawasan sold three types of souvenirs, that is key chain, calculator and pen. The company
ordered its supply of souvenirs in two types of packets. The cost of a packet which consists of
three key chains and two calculators is RM45, whereas cost of a packet which consists of a key
chain, a calculator, and a pen is RM40. The cost of a pen is four times the cost of a key chain. f
the cost of a key chain, a calculator and a pen are RMx, RMy and RMz respectively, obtain a
matrix equation to represent the above information. Determine the cost of each type of souvenir
supplied to the company.

The selling price of each packet of souvenirs is fixed at RM80. If the profit from the sale
of a pen is RM25, find the profit obtained from the sale of a key chain and the sale of a calculator.
[4], [7], [4] 01-S
7. Beteiminethevaluesofa, banucsothatthematiix:
_
2b 1 a
2
b
2
2a 1 a bc
b b +c 2c 1
_
isasymmetiicalmatiix.
[5] 02
8. NatiicesNanuNaiegivenas:
N = _
1u 4 9
1S 4 14
S 1 6
_anuN = _
2 S 4
4 S 1
1 2 4
_
FinuNNanuueuuceN
-1
.

Product X, Y and Z are assembled from three components A, B and C according to different
proportions. Each product of X consists of two components of A, four components of B and one
component of C; Each product of Y consists of three components of A, three components of B
and two components of C; and each product of Z consists of four components of A, one
component of B and four components of C. A total of 750 components of A, 1000 components
of B, and 500 components of C are used. With x, y and z representing the number of products of
X, Y and Z assembled, obtain a matrix equation representing the information given.

Hence, find the number of products X, Y and Z assembled.
[4], [4], [4] 02
9. NatiixAisgivenby:
A = _
1 2 S
S 1 1
u 1 2
_
(a)FinuthematiixBsuchthatB = A
2
1uI, wheieIisS Smatiix.
(b)Finu(A + I)B, anuhencefinu(A +I)
21
B.
[3], [6] 03
1u. NatiixAisgivenby:
A = _
S S 4
S 4 1
1 2 S
_
FinutheaujointofA. Bence, finuA
-1
.
[6] 04
11. ThematiicesPanuQ, wheiePQ = QP, aiegivenby:
P = _
2 2 u
u u 2
a b c
_anuQ = _
1 1 u
u u 1
u 2 2
_
Beteiminethevaluesofa, banuc.
FinutheiealnumbeismanunfoiwhichP = mQ + nI, wheieIistheS Siuentitymatiix.
[5], [5] 04
12. A, BanuCaiesquaiematiicessuchthatBA = B
-1
anuABC = (AB)
-1
. Showthat
A
-1
= B
2
= C.
IfB = _
1 2 u
u 1 u
1 u 1
_, finuCanuA.
[3], [7] 05
1S. Beteiminethevalueofksuchthattheueteiminantofthematiix _
k 1 S
2k +1 S 2
u k 2
_isu.
[4] 06
14. IfP = _
S 2 S
1 4 S
S 1 2
_anuQ = _
a 1 18
b 1 12
1S 1 c
_anuPQ = 2I, wheieIisS Siuentity
matiix, ueteiminethevaluesofa, banuc. BencefinuP
-1
.
Two groups of workers have their drinks at a stall. The first group comprising ten
workers has five cups of tea, two cups of coffee and three glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of
RM 11.80. The second group of six workers has three cups of tea, a cup of coffee and two
glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM7.10. The cost of a cup of tea and three glasses of fruit
juice is the same as the cost of four cups of coffee. If the costs of a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and
a glass of fruit juice are RMx, RMy and RMz respectively, obtain a matrix equation to represent
above information. Hence, determine the cost of each drink.
[8], [6] 06
1S. ThematiicesAanuBaiegivenby:
A = _
1 2 1
S 1 4
u 1 2
_anuB = _
SS 19 18
27 1S 4S
S 12 S
_
FinuthematiixA
2
BanuueuucetheinveiseofA.
Bence, solvethesystemoflineaiequations:
x 2y z = 8
Sx y 4z = 1S
y + 2z = 4
[5], [5] 07
16. NatiixAisgivenby:
A = _
1 u u
1 1 u
1 2 1
_
(a)ShowthatA
2
= I, wheieIisS Siuentitymatiix, anuueuuceA
-1
.
(b)FinumatiixBwhichsatisfiesBA = _
1 4 S
u 2 1
1 u 2
_.
[4], [4] 08
17. (a)ThematiicesP, QanuRaiegivenby:
P = _
1 S 6
2 2 4
1 S 2
_Q = _
1S Su SS
1 6 S
7 2u 1S
_R = _
4 7 1S
1 S 1
2 1 11
_
FinuthematiicesPQanuPQR, anuhenceueuuce(PQ)
-1
.
(b)0singtheiesultin(a), solvethesystemoflineaiequations:
6x + 1uy + 8z = 4Suu
x 2y +z = u
x + 2y + Sz = 1u8u
[5], [5] 09













Coordinate Geometry
1. Sketchthegiaphof1uux +S6y = 22S. Finutheaieaofquauiilateialfoimeubyjoining
thepointsofinteisectionofthiscuivewiththecooiuinateaxis.
[4] 99-T
2. ShowthatthepointP_
a(t +1)
2t
,
b(t 1)
2t
_liesonthecuiveb
2
x
2
a
2
y
2
= a
2
b
2
.
ShowthattheequationoftangenttocuiveatPisbx(t
2
+ 1) ay(t
2
1) = 2abt.
Thistangentcutsthex axisatAanu axisatB. Nisthemiupointof0Aanu0uenotes
oiigin, anuBuiviuesBNintheiatioof2:1. FinuthelocusofBwheietvaiies.
[3], [4], [8] 99-T
S. Finutheequationsofbothstiaightlinesthataieinclineuatanangleof 4Swiththe
stiaight line2x + y S = uanupassingthioughthepoint(1,4).
[5] 00-T

4. uiventwopaiallellines, l
1
anul
2
, passingthiough(S,u)anu(S,u)iespectively, anumeetthe
line4x +Sy = 2SiespectivelyatPanuQ. IfPQequalsSunits, finuthepossibleslopesof
l
1
anul
2
.
[7] 01-T

S. Finutheequationofthetangenttothecuivexy = 4atpointP(4,1).
PointAisapointonthex axissuchthatPAispaialleltothey axis. tangenttothe
cuivexy = 4atPmeetsthey axisatpointB. ThestiaightlinepassingthioughBanu
paialleltothex axismeetsthecuiveatpointQ. FinuthecooiuinatesofQanushowthat
AQisatangenttothecuiveatQ.
Finuthecooiuinatesofthepointofinteisectionofthetangentstothecuivexy = 4atPanu
Q.
[4], [7], [4] 01-T
6. uiventhatPQRSisapaiallelogiamwheieP(u,9), Q(2, S), R(7,u)anuS(a, b)aiepointson
theplane. Finuaanub.
FinutheshoitestuistancefiomPtoQRanutheaieaofthepaiallelogiamPQRS.
[4], [6] 02
7. thestiaightlinel
1
whichpassesthioughthepointsA(4,u)anuB(2,4)inteisectsthe
y axisatthepointP. thestiaightlinel
2
ispeipenuiculaitol
1
anupassesthioughB. If
l
2
inteisectsthex axisanuy axisatthepointsQanuRiespectively, showthat
PR: QR = S S.
[8] 03
8. ThesumoftheuistanceofthepointPfiomthepoint(4,u)anutheuistanceofPfiomtheoiigin
is8units. ShowthatthelocusofPisellipse
(x 2)
2
16
+
y
2
12
= 1anusketchtheellipse.
[7] 04

9. Acuiveisuefineubythepaiametiicequationx = 1 2t, y = 2 +
2
t
. Finutheequation
ofthenoimaltothecuiveatthepointA(S, 4).
ThenoimaltothecuiveatthepointAcutsthecuiveagainatthepointB. Finuthecooiuinates
ofB.
[7], [4] 04
1u. Finuthepeipenuiculaiuistancefiomthecentieoftheciiclex
2
+y
2
8x +2y + 8 = u
tothestiaightlineSx + 4y = 28. Bence, finutheshoitestuistancebetweentheciicleanu
thestiaightline.
[7] 05
11. Showthatx
2
+y
2
2ax 2by + c = uistheequationoftheciiclewithcentie(a, b)
anuiauiusa
2
+b
2
c.











TheaboveuiagiamshowsthieeciiclesC
1
, C
2
anuC
3
touchingoneanothei, wheietheii
centieslieonastiaightline. IfC
1
anuC
2
haveequationsx
2
+ y
2
1ux 4y + 28 = uanu
x
2
+y
2
16x + 4y +S2 = uiespectively, finutheequationofC
3
.
[7] 06
12. ThecooiuinatesofthepointsPanuQaie(x, y)anu _
x
x
2
+ y
2
,
y
x
2
+ y
2
] iespectively, wheie
x u, y u. IfQmovesonaciiclewithcentie(1,1)anuiauiusS, showthatthelocusofPis
alsoaciicle. Finuthecooiuinatesofthecentieanuiauiusoftheciicle.
[6] 07
1S. Thelinesy = 2xanuy = xinteisectthecuivey
2
+ 7xy = 18atpointsAanuB
iespectively, wheieAanuBlieinthefiistquauiant.
(a)FinuthecooiuinatesofAanuB.
(b)CalculatethepeipenuiculaiuistanceofAto0B, wheie0istheoiigin.
(c)Finutheaieaof0AB.
[4], [2], [3] 08


14. Thepaiametiicequationsofastiaightlinelaiegivenbyx = 4t 2anuy = S St.
(a)ShowthatthepointA_1,
S
4
]liesonlinel.
(b)Finuthecaitesianequationoflinel.
(c)uivenlinelcutsthexanuy axesatPanuQiespectively, finutheiatioPA: AQ.
[2], [2], [4] 09




































Functions
1. Sketchthegiaphofy = |1 2x|, x Ranuthegiaphofy = x, x uonthesame
cooiuinatesystem.
Solvetheinequality|1 2x| < x.
[3], [4] 99-T
2. Thefunctionfisuefineuasfollows:
f: x 4 + (x 1)
2
, x R
(a)Sketchthegiaphoff.
(b)Statetheiangeoff.
(c)Beteimineiff
-1
exists.
[2], [1], [2] 99-S
S. uiventhatf(x) = log
2
(1S 2x x
2
), finutheiangeofxsothatf(x)isuefineu.
Finuthemaximumof1S 2x x
2
anuhenceueuucethemaximumvalueoff(x).
[3], [4] 00-T
4. Thefunctionfisuefineuasfollows:
f: x
Sx +2
x S
, x S
(a)Finuf
2
anuhenceueuucef
-1
.
(b)Finuf
13
(2).
[3], [3] 00-S
S. Functionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
(x 1)
2
, x 1
1
a
x
, x > 1


Iffiscontinuousatx = 1, ueteiminethevalueofaanusketchthegiaphoff.
[5] 01-T
6. Expiessthefunctionf: x _
1
2
x 1_ +_
1
2
x + 1_ , x Rinthefoimthatuoesnotinvolve
themouulussign. Sketchthegiaphoffanuueteimineitsiange.
[7] 01-S
7. Thefunctionfisuefineuby:
f: x Sx +1, x R, x
1
S

Finuf
-1
anustateitsuomainanuiange.
[4] 02
8. Thefunctionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
1 + e
x
, x < 1
S, x = 1
2 + e x, x > 1


(a)Finu lim
x1
-
f(x) anu lim
x1
+
f(x) . Benceueteiminewhetheifiscontinuousatx = 1.
(b)Sketchthegiaphoff.
[4], [3] 03
9. Thefunctionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
x 1
x +2
, u x < 2
ax
2
1, x 2


wheiea R. Finuthevalueofaif lim
x2
f(x) exists. Withthisvalueofa, ueteiminewhetheif
iscontinuousatx = 2.
[6] 04
1u. Thefunctionfanugaiegivenby:
f: x
e
x
e
-x
e
x
+e
-x
anug: x
2
e
x
+ e
-x

(a)Statetheuomainoffanug.
(b)Withoutusinguiffeientiation, finutheiangeoff.
(c)Showthat|f(x)]
2
+ |g(x)]
2
= 1. Bence, finutheiangeofg.
[1], [4], [6] 05
11. Functionf, ganuhaieuefineuby:
f: x
x
x + 1
, g: x
x +2
2
, h: x S +
2
x

(a)Statetheuomainoffanug.
(b)Finuthecompositefunctiong fanustateitsuomainanuiange.
(c)Statetheuomainanuiangeofh.
(u)Statewhetheih = g f. uiveaieasonfoiyouianswei.
[2], [5], [2], [2] 06
12. Thefunctionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
x 1, 1 x < 1
|x| 1, otheiwise


(a)Finu lim
x-1
-
f(x) , lim
x-1
+
f(x) , lim
x1
-
f(x) anu lim
x1
+
f(x)
(b)Beteiminewhetheifiscontinuousatx = 1anux = 1.
[4], [4] 07
1S. Thefunctionfanugaieuefineuby:
f: x
1
x
, x R\{u]
g: x 2x 1, x R
Finuf ganuitsuomain.
[4] 08
14. uivenx > u, onJ(x) = x, finu lim
h0
f(x) f(x + h)
h
.
[4] 09


Differentiation
1. Ifx = sin
3
2anuy = cos
3
2, finu
uy
ux
inteimsof.
[6] 99-T
2. Ify = (2e
x
6x +S)
1
2
, showthat:
y
u
2
y
ux
2
+_
uy
ux
]
2
= e
x

[4] 99-S
S. A composite solid consists of a cuboid and a semicylindrical top with a common face ABCD.
The breadth and length of the cuboid is xcmanu2xcm respectively and its height is ycm.
Given that the total surface area of this solid is 24uucm
2
. Showthat:
y =
1
24x
|96uu (8 + S)x
2
]
Ifthevolumeofthissoliuisvcm
3
, expiessvinteimsofx. Bence, showthatvattainsits
maximumwhenx =
4u
4 +
.
Find this maximum value.
[3], [9], [3] 99-S
4. Finuthegiauientofthecuive2x
2
+ y
2
+2xy = Satthepoint(2, 1).
[3] 00-T
S. Theequationofacuiveis:
y =
x
2
x
2
Sx + 2

Finutheasymptotesanuthestationaiypointsofthecuive.
Sketchthecuive.
Beteiminethenumbeiofiealiootsoftheequation:
k(x 1)
2
(x 2) = x
2

wheiek > u.
[8], [4], [3] 00-T
6. Finu
uy
ux
inteimsofxifx = e
t
abuy = e
t
.
[4] 00-S
7. Theequationofacuiveisy =
e
2kx
1
e
2kx
+1
wheiekisapositiveconstant.
(a)Showthat
uy
ux
> uoroll:olucsox.
(b)Showthat
uy
ux
+kx
2
= k. Bence, showthat
u
2
y
ux
2
ufoix uanu
u
2
y
ux
2
ufoix u.
(c)Sketchthecuive.
[3], [8], [4] 00-S
8. uiventhaty =
sin kx
1 + cos kx
, wheiekisapositiveintegei. Showthat:
(sinkx)
u
2
y
ux
2
= k
2
y
2

[4] 01-T
9. Thegiaphy = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + cpassesthiough(S, 21)anuhasstationaiypointswhen
x = 2anux = 2. Finua, banuc.
Finuthecooiuinatesofthesestationaiypointsanuueteimineiftheyaielocalextiemums.
Finualsothepointofinflexionofthecuive.
Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxsothat
uy
ux
< u.
[5], [7], [3] 01-T
1u. Acuivehaspaiametiicequationsx = e
2t
2tanuy = e
t
+ t. Finuthegiauientofthe
cuiveatthepointwitht = ln2.
[5] 01-S
11. Acuivewithequationy = x
3
+ px
2
+qx +icutsthey axisaty = S4anuhas
stationaiypointsatx = Sanux = S. Finuthevaluesofp, qanui.
Showthatthecuivecutsthex axisonlyatx = 1, anufinuthegiauientofthecuiveatthat
point.
Sketchthecuive.
[6], [7], [2] 01-S
12. uiventhaty = e
-x
cos x , finu
uy
ux
anu
u
2
y
ux
2
whenx = u.
[4] 02


1S. Functionfisuefineuby:
f(x) =
2x
(x + 1)(x 2)

Showthatf
i
(x) < ufoiallvaluesofxintheuomainoff.
Sketchthegiaphofy = f(x). Beteimineiffisaonetoonefunction. uiveieasontoyoui
answei.
Sketchthegiaphy = |f(x)|. Explainhowthenumbeiofiootsoftheequation
|f(x)| = k(x 2)uepenusonk.
[5], [6], [4] 02
14. Ify = lnxy , finuthevalueof
uy
ux
wheny = 1.
[5] 03
1S. Sketch, onthesamecooiuinateaxes, thegiaphsy = e
x
anuy =
2
1 + x
. Showthatthe
equation(1 +x)e
x
2 = uhasaiootintheinteival|u,1].
0setheNewton Raphsonmethouwiththeinitialestimatex
0
= u.Stoestimatetheioot
coiiecttothieeuecimalplaces.
[7], [6] 03
16. 0singthesketchgiaphsofy = x
3
anux +y = 1, showthattheequationx
3
+ x 1 = u
hasonlyoneiealiootanustatethesucessiveintegeisaanubsuchthattheiealiootliesin
theinteival(a, b).
0setheNewton Raphsonmethoutofinutheiealiootcoiiecttothieeuecimalplaces.
[4], [5] 04
17. Ify =
cos x
x
, wheiex u, showthatx
u
2
y
ux
2
+ 2
uy
ux
+xy = u.
[4] 05
18. Finuthecooiuinatesofthestationaiypointonthecuivey = x
2
+
1
x
, wheiex > u;
givethex cooiuinateanuy cooiuinatecoiiecttothieeuecimalplaces. Beteimine
whetheithestationaiypointisaminimumpointoimaximumpoint.
Thex cooiuinateofthepointofinteisectionoftheicuivesy = x
2
+
1
x
anuy =
1
x
2
,
wheiex > u, isp. Sowtotu.S < p < 1.
0setheNewtonRaphsonmethoutoueteiminethevalueofpcoiiecttothieeuecimalplaces
anuhence, finuthepointofinteisection.
[5], [9] 05
19. Ify = xln(x + 1), finuanappioximationfoitheincieaseinywhenxincieasesbyx.
Bence, estimatethevalueof ln2.u1 giventhat ln2 = u.69S1.
[6] 06
2u. Thefunctionfisuefineubyf(t) =
4e
kt
1
4e
kt
+1
, wheiekisapositiveconstant.
(a)Finuthevalueoff(u).
(b)Showthatf
i
(t) > u.
(c)Showthatk{1 |f(t)]
2
] = 2f
i
(t)anuhence, showthatf
ii
(t) < u.
(u)Finu lim
t
f(t).
(e)Sketchthegiaphoff.
[1], [5], [6], [2], [2] 06
21. Ify =
x
1 + x
2
, showthatx
2
uy
ux
= (1 x
2
)y
2

[4] 07
22. Finuthecooiuinatesofthestationaiypointsonthecuivey =
x
3
x
2
1
anuueteimine
theiinatuie.
Sketchthecuive.
Beteiminethenumbeiofiealiootsoftheequationx
3
= k(x
2
1), wheiek R, whenk
varies.
[10], [4], [3] 07
2S. Ify =
sinx cos x
sinx +cos x
, showthat
u
2
y
ux
2
= 2y
uy
ux
.
[6] 08
24. Showthatthegiauientofthecuivey =
x
x
2
1
isalwaysuecieasing.
Beteiminethecooiuinatesofthepointofinflexionofthecuive, anustatetheinteivalswhich
foicuiveisconcaveupwaiu.
Sketchthecuive.
[3], [5], [3] 08
1S. Theliney +x + S = uisatangenttothecuivey = px
2
+ qx, wheiep uatthepoint
x = 1. Finuthevaluesofpanuq.
[6] 09
16. Acuiveisuefineubythepaiametiicequations:
x = t
2
t
anuy = 2t +
1
t

wheiet u.
(a)Showthat
uy
ux
= 2
S
t
2
+ 2
anuhence,
1
2
<
uy
ux
< 2.
(b)Finuthecooiuinatesofpointswhen
uy
ux
=
1
S
.
[8], [3] 09



















Integration
1. Showthat: _
x
2
(x 1)
3
ux
3
2
=
11
8
+lnx.
[6] 99-T
2. Functionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
x(x ), u x < 2n

2
sin(x ),2 x S

(a)Sketchthegiaphoff.
(b)Finutheiangeoff.
(c)Beteiminewhetheifisaonetoonefunction. uiveieasonsfoiyouianswei.
(u)Finutheaieaoftheiegionbounueubygiaphfanuthex axis.
[4], [3], [2], [6] 99-T
S. Iff(x) =
x
2
2x S
, finuf
i
(x). Bence, evaluate:
_
x(x S)
2x S
ux
2
1

[5] 99-S
4. Sketchthecuivey = x(x S)(x + 2)
IfA
1
anuA
2
iespectivelyuenotetheaieaoftheiegionsbounueubythecuiveanuthe
x axisaboveanubelowx axis, finuA
1
: A
2
.
[5] 00-T
S. Sketchthegiaphsy = 4, y = 8x
2
anuy =
1
x
.
Calculatethevolumeofthesoliuofievolutionwhentheiegionbounueubytheabovegiaphs
isiotateuthioughS6uabouty axis.
[5] 00-S
6. Thefunctionfisuefineuby:
f(x) = _
2 |x 1|, x < S
x
2
9x +18, x S


(a)Sketchthegiaphoff.
(b)Evaluate _ f(x)ux
6
0

(c)Beteiminethesetofvaluesofxsuchthatf(x) > 1
x
6
.
[5], [5], [5] 00-S
7. Acuivehasequationy
2
= x
2
(4 x
2
).
Showthatfoianypoint(x, y)lyingonthecuive, then 2 x 2anu 2 y 2.
Sketchthecuive.
Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythecuive.
Calculatethevolumeofsoliuofievolutionwhentheiegionbounueubythiscuiveanu
y = xinthefiistquauiantisiotateuthioughS6uaboutthex axis.
[3], [3], [4], [5] 01-T
8. Finuthevalueof _
x
(Sx
2
+ 1)
1
2
ux
4
0
.
[6] 01-S
9. Sketchonthesamecooiuinatesystemthecuivey =
4
x
, anuy
2
= 4(x 1). Finuthe
cooiuinatesofthepointofinteisectionofthetwocuives.
Showthattheaieaoftheiegionbounueubyy =
4
x
, y
2
= 4(x 1)anuy = 4is
_
2u
S
4 ln2].
CalculatethevolumeofthesoliuofievolutionwhentheiegionisiotateuthioughS6uabout
y axis.
[6], [4], [5] 01-S
1u. Byusingsuitablesubstitution, finu _
Sx 1
x + 1
ux.
[5] 02
11. Finuthepointofinteisectionofthecuivesy = x
2
+ Sxanuy = 2x
3
x
2
Sx. Sketch
onthesamecooiuinatesystemthesetwocuives.
Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythecuivey = x
2
+ Sxanuy = 2x
3
x
2
Sx.
[5], [6] 02
12. 0singthesubstitutionu = S + 2 sin , evaluate _
cos
(S + 2 sin)
2
u

6
0

[5] 03
1S. Thecuivey =
a
2
x(b x), wheiea u, hasatuiningpointatthepoint(2,1). Beteimine
thevaluesofaanub.
Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythex axisanuthecuive.
Calculatethevolumeofthesoliufoimeubyievolvingtheiegionaboutthex axis.
[4], [4], [4] 03
14. Showthat _ lnx ux
c
1
= 1.
[4] 04
1S. Sketch, onthesamecooiuinateaxes, theliney =
1
2
xanuthecuivey
2
= x. Finuthe
cooiuinatesofthepointofinteisection.
Finutheaieaoftheiegionbounueubytheliney =
1
2
xanuthecuivey
2
= x.
Finuthevolumeofthesoliufoimeuwhentheiegionisiotateuthiough2iauiansaboutthe
y axis.
[5], [4], [4] 04
16. Sketch, onthesamecooiuinateaxes, thecuivesy = e
x
anuy = 2 + Se
-x
.
Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythey axisanuthecuives.
[2], [6] 05
17. 0singtiapeziumiule, withfiveoiuinates, evaluate _ 4 x
2
ux.
1
0

[4] 06
18. Expiess
2x +1
(x
2
+1)(2 x)
inthefoim
Ax +B
x
2
+ 1
+
C
2 x
, wheieA, BanuCaieconstants.
Bence, evaluate _
2x +1
(x
2
+1)(2 x)
ux
1
0
.
[3], [4] 06
19. Finu(a) _
x
2
+ x +2
x
2
+2
ux (b) _
x
e
x+1
ux
[3], [4] 07
2u. Thegiauientofthetangettoacuiveatanypoint(x, y)isgivenby
uy
ux
=
Sx S
2x
,
wheiex > u. Itccur:cposscstrougtcpoint(1, 4),
(a)Finutheequationofthecuive.
(b)sketchthecuive.
(c)Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythecuiveanux axis.
[4], [2], [5] 07
21. Showthat _
(x 2)
2
x
2
ux
3
2
=
S
S
+ 4 ln_
2
S
].
[4] 08
22. Sketch, onthesamecooiuinateaxes, thecuivesy = 6 e
x
anuy = Se
-x
, anufinuthe
cooiuinatesofthepointofinteisection.
Calculatetheaieaoftheiegionbounueubythecuives.
Calculatethevolumeofsoliufoimeuwhentheiegionisiotateuthiough2iauiansabout
thex axis.
[7], [4], [5] 08
2S. 0singanappiopiiatesubstitution, evaluate _ x
2
(x 1)
1
3
ux
1
0
.
[7] 09
24. uivenacuivey = x
2
4anuastiaightliney = x 2,
(a)Sketch, onthesamecooiuinateaxes, thecuiveanuthestiaightline.
(b)Beteiminethecooiuinateoftheiipointofinteisection.
(c)CalculatetheaieaoftheiegionRbounueubythecuiveanuthestiaightline.
(u)FinuthevolumeofthesoliufoimeuwhenRisiotateuthioughS6uaboutx axis.
[2], [2], [4], [5] 09