MOCK PAPER III ANSWER KRY

1. Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH 2. . Due to small size and presence of four valence electrons, carbon formsstrong bonds with other carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur. 3. Functions of food chain: i) Food chain maintains ecological balance. ii) Food chain helps in transforming solar energy into chemical energy amongst the various members of the food chain. 4. a. Valency remains same on moving from top to bottom in a particular group. This is because the outermost electronic configuration of all the elements in a group remains same. b. Atomic size decreases on moving from left to right in a period. This is because the number of shells remains same but the nuclear charge increases. Due to this, electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus and decrease the atomic size. 5. - Retina contains light sensitive cells known as rods and cones. These cells get activated upon illumination and generate electrical signals pulses. - The electrical signals are sent to the brain through optic nerves. - In the brain, the signals are processed, interpreted and the objects in front of the eye are perceived. 6.(a) Water shed management A scientific method of developing land and water resources to increase the biomass production without causing ecological imbalance. (b) The advantages are: i) Watershed management only increases the production and income of the watershed community. ii) It also mitigates droughts and floods. iii) It increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs. Any two reasons would suffice. 7. a) i. Dams ensure round the year water supply to the crop fields and help

raise agricultural production. ii. Generation of electricity. iii.Control flooding which either stops or slows the amount of water in river. iv. Water from a dam is supplied to the people in towns and cities through pipelines. In this way, construction of dams ensures continuous water supply in the region.

(Any two reasons would suffice) 8. Coal and petroleum were formed from the degradation of bio-mass millions of years ago and hence these are resources that will be exhausted in the future no matter how carefully we use them. And then we would need to look for alternative sources of energy. Various estimates as to how long these resources will last us exist and one is that at present rates of usage, our known petroleum resources will last us for about forty years and the coal resources will last for another two hundred years. But looking to other sources of energy is not the only consideration when we look at the consumption of coal and petroleum. Since coal and petroleum have been formed from biomass, in addition to carbon, these contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. When these are burnt, the products are carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur. When combustion takes place in insufficient air (oxygen), then carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. Of these products the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous at high concentrations and carbon dioxide is a green-house gas. Coal and petroleum is that they are huge reservoirs of carbon and if all of this carbon is converted to carbon dioxide, then the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going to increase leading to intense global warming.

9. At the time of sunrise and sunset when the sun is near the horizon, the sunlight has travel the greatest distance through the atmosphere to reach us. During this long journey of sunlight, most of the shorter wavelength blue-color present in it is scattered out and away from our line of sight. So, the light reaching us directly from the rising sun or setting sun consists mainly of longer wavelength red color due to which the sun appears red. Thus, at sunrise and sunset the sun itself as well as the surrounding sky appears red. 10. A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect image on the same side of the object. v = -20 cm, f = -25 cm, u = ? 1/v -1/u = 1/f 1/u = 1/(-20) 1/(-25) 1/u = -1/100

u= -100cm 1 Thus object distance is 100 cm. Magnification= v/u = -20/ (-100) = + 0.5 1 Thus image is erect, virtual and is half of the size of object.

11. (a) Accommodation (b) Ciliary muscles. (c) No image is formed at the blind spot because no nerve cells are present their to carry the information of image to the brain. 12. (a) i) Yellow: dominant Green: recessive ii) Round: dominant Wrinkled: recessive (b)Inheritance is the transmission of genetically controlled characteristics (or traits) from one generation to the next.

13. (a) Archaeopteryx looks like a bird but it has many other features which are found in reptiles. It has feathered wings like those of birds but teeth and tail like those of reptiles. Archaeopteryx is, therefore, a connecting link between the reptiles and birds and hence suggests that the birds have evolved from the reptiles. (b) Evolution may be defined as the formation of wide varieties of organisms which have been evolved from pre existing organisms through their gradual changes (variations) since the beginning of life. (c) The ratio of tall and dwarf plants in F2 progeny was 3:1, when he reproduced the plants obtained in F1 progeny by self pollination.

14. (a) Placenta. (b) (i) Seminal vesicles- secretions of these glands provide nourishment to sperms. (ii) Uterus- after fertilization embryo gets implanted on uterus and develops there.

15. (a) The process of fusion of male gamete (sperm) with the female gamete (egg) to produce zygote is called fertilization. (b) External Fertilization The fusion of male gamete with the female gamete outside the body of female is called external fertilization. Example- fish, frog, etc. Internal Fertilization The fusion of male gamete with the female gamete inside the body of female is called internal fertilization. Example- birds and mammals.

(c ) The site of fertilization in female human being is the fallopian tube.

16.

17. (a)Fossils are the impressions or remains of ancient life found preserved in the sedimentary rocks. (b) The two ways of determining the age of fossils are: (i) If we dig into the earth and start finding fossils, it is reasonable to suppose that the fossils we find closer to the surface are more recent than the fossils we find in deeper layers. (ii) The second way of dating fossils is by detecting the ratios of different isotopes of the same element in the fossil material.

18. (a) X is ethyl ethanoate. (b) It is saponification reaction. (c) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

19. (a) Physical and chemical properties of elements are determined by their atomic numbers which is equal to the number of electrons.

By using the number of electrons, we can find out the number of valence electrons and hence the physical and chemical properties. (b) According to Modern Periodic Law, elements are arranged in the Modern Periodic Table in the increasing order of their atomic numbers. Isotopes have the same atomic number and different atomic mass. So, though they have different atomic masses still they are given the same position in the Modern Periodic Table. 20. (a) When the object is between Focus and Optical centre, the image formed is: (i) Virtual and erect (ii) Beyond focus (iii) Highly magnified

(b) During its passage from one medium to another the light ray changes its path at the boundary face separating the two surfaces. (c ) The lens is a diverging lens.

OR

(a) Real Image (1) Here the rays actually meet at the image point. (2) It can be taken on the screen. (3) It can always inverted.

Virtual Image

(1) Here the rays appear to diverge from the image point. (2) It cannot be taken on a screen. (3) It is always erect.

(b) If we see a water tank, its bottom appears to be raised. The rays coming from the object travel in water in straight line paths until they reach the surface of water. When the rays of light go out in air, they get refracted and bends away from normal. If we extend the refracted rays, then virtual image is formed and the image of the object appears to be raised.

21. .(a) Refractive index of a medium, n = speed of light in air/speed of light in medium Since, speed of light in air is greater than the speed of light in medium, so refractive index of the medium is greater than 1. (b)Laws of refraction of light: (i) The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal to the surface of separation of two media at a point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. (ii) The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant.

(c) cHere, m = 3, u = - 10 cm , Magnification, m = -v u 3 = -v/-10 V=30 cm

By using mirror formula, 1/f = 1/u + 1/v

= 1/30 + 1/-10 1-3/30 1/f=-2/30

f=-30/2 = -15 cm Radius of curvature R=2f = 2 x -15 = -30 Hence Radius curvature = 30 cm

OR (a) Image distance (v), object distance (u) and focal length (f) of a lens are related to each other by the following formula 1/v 1/u = 1/f This is called lens formula. Focus of a convex lens lies on the right side of the lens, hence according to sign convention, the distances measured to the right are taken as positive. So focal length for convex lens is taken as positive. Similarly the focus of concave lens lies on the left side of the lens hence according to sign convention, the distances measured to the left are taken as negative. So its focal length is taken negative. (b) (b)Object distance= -20cm Image distance = ? Focal length = r/2 = +10 cm 1/v- (1/u) = 1/f 1/v - 1/u = 1/f 1/v = 1/f + 1/u 1/v = 1/10 - 1/20 1/v = 1/20 v= 20 cm 1 The image is formed at a distance of 20cm. It is real and inverted.

Size of image can be found out by Magnification = v/u m = 20/-20 m = -1 1 This implies that the image is of same size as that of object and is real and Inverted. Size of object, h1= 8 cm Size of image, h2 = 8 cm

22. (a) (i) Germination: The development of a seedling from a seed under appropriate conditions is called germination. (ii) Fertilization: It is the process of fusion of male gamete and female gamete resulting in the formation of zygote. (b) The attachment of fertilized ovum to the walls of uterus is called implantation. (c) Functions of testes: i. Production of sperms. ii. Production of male hormone testosterone.

OR (a)Since the ovary of the woman releases one egg every month, therefore the uterus also prepares itself every month to receive a fertilized egg. In this process the inner lining of the uterus becomes thick and soft with lots of blood capillaries in it. If however, the egg released by the ovary is not fertilized, then the thick lining of the uterus breaks down and comes out through the vagina in the form of blood and mucous. This is called menstruation. (b) Sexually transmitted diseases are the diseases which are transmitted through sexual contact with infected person.

Examples- Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis, AIDS. (Any two) AIDS caused by HIV damages the human immune system because the virus multiplies in white blood cells.

23. (a) Covalent compounds involve covalent bonding. There are no ions in the covalent compounds. Hence they are poor conductors of electricity. (b) Carbon dioxide gas is evolved. It turns lime water milky. (c) Structural isomers of pentane

OR (a)(i) Ethanol 1 (ii) 2-Bromopropane 1 (b) The formula of the two successive members of homologous series differs by -CH2 unit. 1 (c) Unsaturated hydrocarbons will give a yellow flame with lots of black smoke. (d) Hydrogenation of vegetable oils in the presence of nickel as a catalyst is an example of addition reaction.

24. (a) . Alkene (i) Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond between two carbon atoms are known asalkenes. (ii)formula is CnH 2n (iii) Example: Ethene, Propene Alkyne (i)Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a triple bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkynes. (ii) General formula is CnH 2n-2 (iii) Example: Ethyne, Propyne

(b) . A detergent molecule consists of two ends a hydrocarbon tail which is hydrophobic (water repelling) and a polar head which is hydrophilic (water attracting or loving). When a detergent is dissolved in water, the hydrocarbon tail aligns itself towards the dirt and ionic part aligns itself towards the water. The molecules gather together as clusters, called micelles. When water is agitated, the dirt suspended in the micelles is easily rinsed away. Thus, the cloth gets cleaned.

OR (a) Three characteristics of a homologous series are: (i)Any two adjacent members of a homologous series differ by a CH2 group. (ii)The difference in molecular masses of any two adjacent homologues is 14 u. (iii)All the compounds of a homologous series show similar chemical properties. (b) Valency of carbon is four. In a molecule of methane, carbon shares one electron each with four hydrogen atoms forming four single covalent bonds with four hydrogen atoms. Thus, it satisfies its valency by sharing four electrons with hydrogen atoms.

SECTION B 25.(c) 26.(a) 27.(c) 28.(a) 29.(a) 30.(d) 31.(b) 32.(b) 33.(c) 34.(c) 35.(b) 36.(a) 37.(c) 38.(d) 39.(c) 40.(d) 41.(d) 42.(c)