1/3/14 False potto - Wikipedia, the free encclopedia

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False potto
Scientific classification
(disputed)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phlm: Chodaa
Cla: Mammalia
Ode: Pimae
Famil: Loiidae
Sbfamil: Peodicicinae
Gen: Pedopoo
Scha, 1996
Specie: P. maini
Binomial name
Pedopoo maini
Scha, 1996
False potto
Fom Wikipedia, he fee encclopedia
The false potto (Pseudopotto martini) i a loioid pimae of nceain
aonomic a fond in Afica. Anhopologi Jeffe H. Scha named i
in 1996 a he onl pecie of he gen Pedopoo on he bai of o
pecimen (coniing onl of keleal maeial) ha had peiol been
idenified a poo (Perodicticus potto). The pecie poenance of he o
pecimen ae nceain, b a lea one ma hae come fom Cameoon.
Scha hogh he fale poo cold een epeen a epaae famil, b
ohe eeache hae aged ha he ppoed diingihing feae of he
animal do no acall diingih i fom he poo; pecificall, he fale poo
hae eeal feae ih We Afican poo.
The fale poo geneall eemble a mall poo, b accoding o Scha i
diffe in haing a longe ail, hoe pine on i neck and che eebae, a
malle, le comple pine on he econd neck eeba, an enepicondla
foamen, a lacimal foa ha i locaed inide he ee ocke, a malle ppe
hid pemola and mola, and highe-coned cheekeeh, among ohe ai.
Hoee, man of hee ai ae aiable among poo; fo eample, one
eeache fond enepicondla foamina in almo half of he pecimen in hi
ample of poo.
Contents
1 Taonom
2 Decipion
3 Diibion and a
4 Refeence
4.1 Lieae cied
Taonom
In a eie of poo (Perodicticus potto) keleon in he collecion of he Anhopological Inie and Mem
of he Uniei of Zich a Ichel, anhopologi Jeffe H. Scha ecognied o pecimen ih ai he
belieed diinc fom all poo, and in 1996 he ed hee o pecimen o decibe a ne gen and pecie of
pimae, Pseudopotto martini.
[1]
The pecific name, martini, hono pimaologi Robe D. Main.
[2]
The eac
poenance of he o pecimen i nknon, and one i epeened b a complee keleon (b no kin) and he
ohe b a kll onl.
[3]
Scha placed boh pecimen in a ingle pecie, b noed ha fhe d migh
indicae ha he o epeen diinc pecie.
[4]
He hogh he elaionhip of he ne fom ee nknon and
difficl o ae and did no aign i o an famil, b poiionall placed i cloe o he famil Loiidae,
ogehe ih he poo, he anganibo, and he loie.
[5]
The dicoe, pblihed in he Anthropological
Papers of the American Museum of Natural Histor, a feaed in Scientific American
[6]
and Science; he
1/3/14 False potto - Wikipedia, the free encclopedia
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The potto (Perodicticus potto,
pictured) is quite similar to the false
potto and may represent the same
species.
Science account noted that Schwartz thought Pseudopotto may represent a new family of primates.
[7]
In 1998, the journal African Primates published three papers by primatologists on the false potto. Colin Groves
affirmed that it was probably distinct from the potto
[8]
and Simon Bearder cited it as an example of unrecognized
taxonomic diversity in lorisids,
[9]
but Esteban Sarmiento compared the new taxon to specimens of the potto and
found that the alleged distinctive traits of the false potto in fact fell within the range of variation of the potto, and that
the false potto was probably not even a species distinct from Perodicticus potto.
[10]
In 2000, primatologist B.S.
Leon agreed that the false potto was not distinct from the subspecies Perodicticus potto potto, but noted that
various forms of potto were distinct enough from each other that there may indeed be more than one species of
potto.
[11]
Opinions since then have been divided: a 2003 compilation of African primate diversity concluded that
there was insufficient evidence that the false potto is a distinct species,
[12]
the primate chapter of the 2005 third
edition of Mammal Species of the World, written by Groves, listed Pseudopotto as a genus but noted that it was
"controversial";
[13]
and Schwartz continued to recognize the false potto as a genus in 2005.
[14]
Also in 2005,
primatologist David Stump reviewed some of the distinguishing features of Pseudopotto in the context of studying
variation among pottos, and found that some but not all of the false potto's traits were found in some pottos, mainly
western populations (subspecies potto).
[15]
Decipion
One of the specimens, AMZ 6698, is an adult female that lived in Zrich
Zoo. It is represented by a virtually complete skeleton, but the skin was
not preserved. According to Schwartz, the skeleton shows signs of
osteoporosis and periodontitis (common in zoo animals), but not of other
pathologies or abnormalities. The right teeth were removed before
Schwartz studied the specimen.
[3]
Schwartz selected this specimen as the
holotype.
[16]
The other specimen, AMZ-AS 1730, is a subadult male
collected in the wild, of which only the skull, including the mandible
(lower jaw), was preserved. The dentition includes both permanent and
deciduous teeth.
[3]
Specimens of Pseudopotto are at least superficially
similar to pottos,
[17]
but according to Schwartz, they differ in a number of
traits. Among lorisids, Schwartz saw similarities between the false potto
and true pottos as well as angwantibos and slow lorises (Ncticebus).
[4]
The false potto is comparable in size to the smallest pottos, but falls
within their range of metrical variation;
[18]
small size is also seen in
western pottos.
[11]
The tail, according to Schwartz, is longer than in the potto.
[19]
He does not provide measurements of the tail of
AMZ 6698 and notes that at least one vertebra is missing,
[20]
but Sarmiento counted 11 caudal vertebrae in an
illustration of AMZ 6698
[21]
and Groves counted at least 15.
[8]
However, Sarmiento found that the number of
caudal vertebrae ranges from 5 to 17, with an average of 11, in pottos.
[21]
Relatively long tails are also common in
the western form of the potto,
[22]
, though according to Stump the tail of Pseudopotto is longer than any seen in
pottos.
[23]
The false potto allegedly has shorter spines on its cervical (neck) and first and second thoracic (chest)
vertebrae,
[24]
but Leon notes that this feature is also seen in western pottos.
[11]
Schwartz writes that the false potto
differs from pottos and angwantibos in lacking a bifid (two-tipped) spine on the second cervical vertebra, but
Sarmiento found this feature in 3 out of 11 potto specimens he examined.
[25]
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The ulnar styloid process (a projection on the ulna, one oI the bones oI the Iorearm, where it meets the wrist) is not
as hooked as in other lorisids, according to Schwartz,
|4|
which Groves suggests may indicate that the wrist is more
mobile.
|8|
Another alleged diagnostic Ieature is the presence oI an entepicondylar Ioramen (an opening near the
distal, or Iar, end oI the bone) on the humerus (upper arm bone);
|26|
however, Sarmiento Iound this Ieature in 4 out
oI 11 specimens, and on one side oI a IiIth,
|25|
and Stump noted that the Ioramen occurred in specimens Irom
across the potto's range.
|23|
The lacrimal Iossa, a depression in the skull, is located on the upper surIace oI the skull in most lorisids, but
Schwartz Iound that it was Iurther to the back, inside the orbit (eye socket) in the Ialse potto and the slow loris.
|27|
Sarmiento Iound this Ieature in 3 out oI 11 pottos examined.
|25|
The coronoid process oI the mandible is said to be
more hooked in the Ialse potto than in the potto and slow loris.
|4|
Other distinguishing Ieatures oI the Ialse potto are in the dentition. Sarmiento notes, however, that captive
specimens may develop abnormalities in the teeth and that some dental characters Schwartz uses are quite variable,
sometimes even Irom one side oI the same individual to another.
|21|
The third upper molar (M3) is more reduced in
the Ialse potto than in any other prosimian, according to Schwartz,
|28|
but Leon notes that western pottos also have
a relatively small M3.
|11|
The third upper premolar (P3) is also reduced, resembling the condition in the Iork-
marked lemurs (Phaner).
|4|
Stump writes that small P3s are also common in western pottos, although the Ialse
potto's P3 is shaped diIIerently.
|23|
Groves notes that P1 is quite long, another point oI similarity with the Iork-
marked lemurs.
|8|
The lower premolars are compressed laterally in Pseudopotto, the cusps on the cheekteeth are
higher, and the cristid obliqua (a crest connected to the protoconid cusp) is at a relatively buccal position (in the
direction oI the cheeks).
|4|
In AMZ 6698, skull length is 59.30 mm (2.335 in) and length oI the right humerus is 57.65 mm (2.27 in).
|29|
Diibion and a
According to records in the Anthropological Institute and Museum, AMZ 6698, the holotype, is Irom "Equatorial
AIrica", and AMZ-AS 1730 is Irom the "Cameroons".
|3|
According to mammalogist Ronald Nowak, these
designations imply that the latter came either Irom modern Cameroon or Iar eastern Nigeria (British Cameroons)
and the Iormer Irom Cameroon or a neighboring state.
|30|
In 1999, Simon Bearder claimed, citing a personal
communication by C. Wild, that Pseudopotto had been seen in the wild
|31|
and in 2001, ornithologist Christopher
Bowden noted the occurrence oI Pseudopotto on Mount Kupe in Cameroon, also citing C. Wild.
|32|
However,
the IUCN Red List notes that while sightings oI the Ialse potto at 820 to 940 m (2690 to 3080 It) on Mount Kupe
had been reported, surveys had Iailed to conIirm its occurrence there, though pottos, some with long tails, had been
Iound. The Ialse potto is not listed separately Irom the potto in the Red List, because the evidence that it is a distinct
species is considered insuIIicient.
|33|
Refeence
1. ^ Schwartz 1996, pp. 2, 8.
2. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 9.
3. `

Schwartz 1996, p. 2.
4. `

Schwartz 1996, p. 10.

5. ^ Schwartz 1996, pp. 8, 10, 12.
1/3/14 False potto - Wikipedia, the free encclopedia
4/5 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_potto
6. ^ Leutwyler 1996.
7. ^ Holden 1996.
8. ^

Groves 1998, p. 42.

9. ^ Bearder 1998, p. 43.
10. ^ Sarmiento 1998, p. 45.
11. ^

Leon 2000, p. 210.

12. ^ Grubb et al. 2003, p. 1323.
13. ^ Groves 2005, p. 123.
14. ^ Schwartz 2005, p. 185.
15. ^ Stump 2005, pp. 177178.
16. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 8.
17. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 6; Groves 1998, p. 42; Nowak 1999, p. 494.
18. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 12; Sarmiento 1998, p. 44.
19. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 5.
20. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 3.
21. ^

Sarmiento 1998, p. 44.

22. ^ Leon 2000, p. 210; Stump 2005, p. 177.
23. ^

Stump 2005, p. 177.

24. ^ Schwartz 1996, pp. 1011, fig. 3.
25. ^

Sarmiento 1998, table 1.

26. ^ Schwartz 1996, pp. 5, 10.
27. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 12.
28. ^ Schwartz 1996, p. 10; Groves 1998, p. 42.
29. ^ Schwartz 1996, table 2.
30. ^ Nowak 1999, p. 494.
31. ^ Bearder 1999, p. 279.
32. ^ Bowden 2001, p. 14.
33. ^ Oates et al. 2008.
Lierare cied
Bearder, S.K. (1998). "Pseudopotto: When is a potto not a potto?" (http://www.primate-
sg.org/PDF/AP3.1-2.pdf). African Primates 3 (12): 4344.
Bearder, S. K. (1999). "Physical and social diversity among nocturnal primates: A new view based on long
term research". Primates 40: 267282. doi:10.1007/BF02557715
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02557715).
Bowden, C.G.R. (2001). "The birds of Mount Kupe, southwest Cameroon"
(http://malimbus.free.fr/articles/V23/23013044.pdf). Malimbus 23: 1344.
Groves, C.P. (1998). "Pseudopotto martini: a new potto?" (http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/AP3.1-
2.pdf). African Primates 3 (12): 4243.
Groves, C.P. (2005). "Order Primates". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A
Taonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University
Press. pp. 111184. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
Grubb, P.; Butynski, T.M.; Oates, J.F.; Bearder, S.K.; Disotell, T.R.; Groves, C.P.; Struhsaker, T.T.
(2003). "Assessment of the diversity of African primates". International Journal of Primatolog 24 (6):
13011357. doi:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000005994.86792.b9
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AIJOP.0000005994.86792.b9).
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Holden, C. (ed.) (1996). "Our new relation". Science 21 (5253): 12351237.
doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1235 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.271.5253.1235).
Leon, B.S. (2000). "A review of the validity of the new genus Pseudopotto (Schwartz, 1996)". American
Journal of Phsical Anthropolog. Suppl. 30: 209210. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(2000)111:30+
<199::AID-AJPA13>3.0.CO;2-M (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-
8644%282000%29111%3A30%2B%3C199%3A%3AAID-AJPA13%3E3.0.CO%3B2-M).
Leutwyler, K. (1996). "In brief". Scientific American 24 (4): 2226. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0496-
22a (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0496-22a).
Nowak, R.M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins
University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
Oates, J.F.; Butynski, T.M.; Kingdon, J.; Bearder, S.; Pimley, E.; De Jong, Y. (2008). "Perodicticus
potto" (http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/16629). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
Sarmiento, E. (1998). "The validity of "Pseudopotto martini"" (http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/AP3.1-
2.pdf). African Primates 3 (12): 4445.
Schwartz, J.H. (1996). "Pseudopotto martini: a new genus and species of extant lorisiform primate".
Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural Histor : 114. hdl:2246/271
(http://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F271).
Schwartz, J.H. (2005). "Considering prosimian diversity: why so many galagos and so few lorises?".
American Journal of Phsical Anthropolog. Suppl. 40: 185186. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20217
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.20217).
Stump, D.P. (2005). Taonom of the genus Perodicticus (http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-
05312005-122303/) (PhD thesis). University of Pittsburgh. p. 199.
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Categories: Animals described in 1996 Lorises and galagos Mammals of Africa Monotypic mammal genera
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