Ansys Lab Manual

RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
THANDALAM, CHENNAI- 602105
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB MANUAL
ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB
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ME1404
COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LABORATORY
LIST OF E PERIMENTS A! S"#$%&'"() 15 Simulation of Air con itionin! "#"t$m %it& con $n"$r t$m'$ratur$ an $(a'orator t$m'$ratur$" a" in'ut to !$t COP u"in! C )MAT La*+ Simulation of ,# raulic ) Pn$umatic c#lin $r u"in! C ) MAT La*+ Simulation of cam an follo%$r m$c&ani"m u"in! C ) MAT La*+ A)&%*+"+ ,S"#-%. T/.&'#.)' ()%*0 10 Str$"" anal#"i" of a 'lat$ %it& a circular &ol$+ Str$"" anal#"i" of r$ctan!ular L *rac-$t Str$"" anal#"i" of an a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt Str$"" anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of a 5 D com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 ,armonic anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt T&$rmal "tr$"" anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con ucti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con($cti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt TOTAL 2 45 LIST OF E3UIPMENTS 0for a *atc& of 60 "tu $nt"3 C(#-$'./ S*+'.# 178 9:A Color Monitor P$ntium I9 Proc$""or 40 :B ,DD 5;< MB RAM C(%(/ D.+4 J.' P/")'./ S(5'6&/. ANSYS 9$r"ion 7 or lat$"t C ) MATLAB 01 1; lic$n"$" 1; lic$n"$" 10
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LIST OF E ERCISES
A)&%*+"+ ,S"#-%. T/.&'#.)' ()%*0 E.+ No= 1 E.+ No= 5 E.+ No= 6 E.+ No= 4 E.+ No= ; E.+ No= < E.+ No= 7 E.+ No= ? E.+ No= @ E.+ No= 10 S"#$%&'"() E.+ No= 11 Simulation of Air con itionin! "#"t$m %it& con $n"$r t$m'$ratur$ an $(a'orator t$m'$ratur$" a" in'ut to !$t COP u"in! C )MAT La*+ E.+ No= 15 Simulation of ,# raulic ) Pn$umatic c#lin $r u"in! C ) MAT La*+ E.+ No= 16 Simulation of cam an follo%$r m$c&ani"m u"in! C ) MAT La*+ Str$"" anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ > 2i.$ $n "3 Str$"" anal#"i" of a 'lat$ %it& a circular &ol$+ Str$"" anal#"i" of r$ctan!ular L *rac-$t Str$"" anal#"i" of an a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of a 5 D com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# Su''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 ,armonic anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt T&$rmal "tr$"" anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con ucti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con($cti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt
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INTRODUCTION
78&' "+ F")"'. E%.#.)' A)&%*+"+9 2init$ El$m$nt Anal#"i"1 commonl# call$ 2EA1 i" a m$t&o of num$rical anal#"i"+ 2EA i" u"$ for "ol(in! 'ro*l$m" in man# $n!in$$rin! i"ci'lin$" "uc& a" mac&in$ $"i!n1 acou"tic"1 $l$ctroma!n$ti"m1 "oil m$c&anic"1 flui #namic"1 an man# ot&$r"+ In mat&$matical t$rm"1 2EA i" a num$rical t$c&ni4u$ u"$ for "ol(in! fi$l 'ro*l$m" $"cri*$ *# a "$t of 'artial iff$r$ntial $4uation"+ In m$c&anical $n!in$$rin!1 2EA i" %i $l# u"$ for "ol(in! "tructural1 (i*ration1 an t&$rmal 'ro*l$m"+ ,o%$($r1 2EA i" not t&$ onl# a(aila*l$ tool of num$rical anal#"i"+ Ot&$r num$rical m$t&o " inclu $ t&$ 2init$ Diff$r$nc$ M$t&o 1 t&$ Boun ar# El$m$nt M$t&o 1 an t&$ 2init$ 9olum$" M$t&o to m$ntion Au"t a f$%+ ,o%$($r1 u$ to it" ($r"atilit# an &i!& num$rical $ffici$nc#1 2EA &a" com$ to ominat$ t&$ $n!in$$rin! anal#"i" "oft%ar$ mar-$t1 %&il$ ot&$r m$t&o " &a($ *$$n r$l$!at$ to nic&$ a''lication"+ You can u"$ 2EA to anal#B$ an# "&a'$C 2EA %or-" %it& iff$r$nt l$($l" of !$om$tr# i $aliBation an 'ro(i $" r$"ult" %it& t&$ $"ir$ accurac#+ D&$n im'l$m$nt$ into mo $rn comm$rcial "oft%ar$1 *ot& 2EA t&$or# an num$rical 'ro*l$m formulation *$com$ com'l$t$l# tran"'ar$nt to u"$r"+ 78( +8($%: $+. F")"'. E%.#.)' A)&%*+"+9 A" a 'o%$rful tool for $n!in$$rin! anal#"i"1 2EA i" u"$ to "ol($ 'ro*l$m" ran!in! from ($r# "im'l$ to ($r# com'l$.+ D$"i!n $n!in$$r" u"$ 2EA urin! t&$ 'ro uct $($lo'm$nt 'roc$"" to anal#B$ t&$ $"i!n/in/'ro!r$""+ Tim$ con"traint" an limit$ a(aila*ilit# of 'ro uct ata call for man# "im'lification" of t&$ anal#"i" mo $l"+ At t&$ ot&$r $n of "cal$1 "'$cialiB$ anal#"t" im'l$m$nt 2EA to "ol($ ($r# a (anc$ 'ro*l$m"1 "uc& a" ($&icl$ cra"& #namic"1 &# ro formin!1 or air *a! $'lo#m$nt+ T&i" *oo- focu"$" on &o% $"i!n $n!in$$r" u"$ 2EA a" a $"i!n tool+ T&$r$for$1 %$ fir"t n$$ to $.'lain %&at $.actl# i"tin!ui"&$" 2EA '$rform$ *# $"i!n $n!in$$r" from Er$!ularE 2EA+ D$ %ill t&$n &i!&li!&t t&$ mo"t $""$ntial 2EA c&aract$ri"tic" for $"i!n $n!in$$r" a" o''o"$ to t&o"$ for anal#"t"+ FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 &)('8./ :.+";) '((% 2or $"i!n $n!in$$r"1 2EA i" on$ of man# $"i!n tool" amon! CAD1 Protot#'$"1 "'r$a "&$$t"1 catalo!"1 ata *a"$"1 &an calculation"1 t$.t *oo-"1 $tc+ t&at ar$ all u"$ in t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 <&+.: () CAD #(:.%+
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Mo $rn $"i!n i" con uct$ u"in! CAD tool"1 "o a CAD mo $l i" t&$ "tartin! 'oint for anal#"i"+ Sinc$ CAD mo $l" ar$ u"$ for $"cri*in! !$om$tric information for 2EA1 it i" $""$ntial to un $r"tan &o% to $"i!n in CAD in or $r to 'ro uc$ r$lia*l$ 2EA r$"ult"1 an &o% a CAD mo $l i" iff$r$nt from 2EA mo $l+ T&i" %ill *$ i"cu""$ in lat$r c&a't$r"+
FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 =()=$//.)' 6"'8 '8. :.+";) -/(=.++ Sinc$ 2EA i" a $"i!n tool1 it "&oul *$ u"$ concurr$ntl# %it& t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ It "&oul -$$' u' %it&1 or *$tt$r #$t1 drive t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ Anal#"i" it$ration" mu"t *$ '$rform$ fa"t1 an "inc$ t&$"$ r$"ult" ar$ u"$ to ma-$ $"i!n $ci"ion"1 t&$ r$"ult" mu"t *$ r$lia*l$ $($n %&$n limit$ in'ut i" a(aila*l$+ L"#"'&'"()+ (5 FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+ A" #ou can "$$1 2EA u"$ in t&$ $"i!n $n(ironm$nt mu"t m$$t &i!& r$4uir$m$nt"+ An o*(iou" 4u$"tion ari"$"= %oul it *$ *$tt$r to &a($ $ icat$ "'$ciali"t '$rform 2EA an l$t $"i!n $n!in$$r" o %&at t&$# o *$"t / $"i!n n$% 'ro uct"F T&$ an"%$r $'$n " on t&$ "iB$ of t&$ *u"in$""1 t#'$ of 'ro uct"1 com'an# or!aniBation an cultur$1 an man# ot&$r tan!i*l$ an intan!i*l$ factor"+ A !$n$ral con"$n"u" i" t&at $"i!n $n!in$$r" "&oul &an l$ r$lati($l# "im'l$ t#'$" of anal#"i"1 *ut o it 4uic-l# an of cour"$ r$lia*l#+ Anal#"$" t&at ar$ ($r# com'l$. an tim$ con"umin! cannot *$ $.$cut$ concurr$ntl# %it& t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""1 an ar$ u"uall# *$tt$r &an l$ $it&$r *# a $ icat$ anal#"t or contract$ out to "'$cialiB$ con"ultant"+ O<>.='"?.+ (5 FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+ T&$ ultimat$ o*A$cti($ of u"in! t&$ 2EA a" a $"i!n tool i" to c&an!$ t&$ $"i!n 'roc$"" from r$'$titi($ c#cl$" of E $"i!n1 'rotot#'$1 t$"tE into "tr$amlin$ 'roc$"" %&$r$ 'rotot#'$" ar$ not u"$ a" $"i!n tool" an ar$ onl# n$$ $ for final $"i!n ($rification+ Dit& t&$ u"$ of 2EA1 $"i!n it$ration" ar$ mo($ from t&$ '&#"ical "'ac$ of 'rotot#'in! an t$"tin! into t&$ (irtual "'ac$ of com'ut$r "imulation" 0fi!ur$ 1/13+
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2i!ur$ 1/1= Tra itional an + 2EA/ ri($n 'ro uct $($lo'm$nt Traditional product development needs prototypes to support design in progress. The process in FEA-driven product development uses numerical models, rather than physical prototypes to drive development. In an FEA driven product, the prototype is no longer a part of the iterative design loop.
What is Solid Works Simulation

Soli Dor-" Simulation i" a comm$rcial im'l$m$ntation of 2EA1 ca'a*l$ of "ol(in! 'ro*l$m" commonl# foun in $"i!n $n!in$$rin!1 "uc& a" t&$ anal#"i" of $formation"1 "tr$""$"1 natural fr$4u$nci$"1 &$at flo%1 $tc+ Soli Dor-" Simulation a r$""$" t&$ n$$ " of $"i!n $n!in$$r"+ It *$lon!" to t&$ famil# of $n!in$$rin! anal#"i" "oft%ar$ 'ro uct" $($lo'$ *# t&$ Structural R$"$arc& > Anal#"i" Cor'oration 0SRAC3+ SRAC %a" $"ta*li"&$ in 1@?5 an "inc$ it" inc$'tion &a" contri*ut$ to inno(ation" t&at &a($ &a a "i!nificant im'act on t&$ $(olution of 2EA+ In 1@@; SRAC 'artn$r$ %it& t&$ Soli Dor-" Cor'oration an cr$at$ Soli Dor-" Simulation1 on$ of t&$ fir"t Soli Dor-" :ol Pro uct"1 %&ic& *$cam$ t&$ to'/"$llin! anal#"i" "olution for Soli Dor-" Cor'oration+ T&$ comm$rcial "ucc$"" of Soli Dor-" Simulation int$!rat$ %it& Soli Dor-" CAD "oft%ar$ r$"ult$ in t&$ ac4ui"ition of SRAC in 5001 *# Da""ault S#"t$m"1 'ar$nt of Soli Dor-" Cor'oration+ In 50061 SRA Cor'oration" m$r!$ %it& Soli Dor-" Cor'oration+ Soli Dor-" Simulation i" ti!&tl# int$!rat$ %it& Soli Dor-" CAD "oft%ar$ an u"$" Soli Dor-" for cr$atin! an $ itin! mo $l !$om$tr#+ Soli Dor-" i" a "oli 1 'aram$tric1 f$atur$/ ri($n CAD "#"t$m+ A" o''o"$ to man# ot&$r CAD "#"t$m" t&at %$r$ ori!inall# $($lo'$ in a UNIG $n(ironm$nt an onl# lat$r 'ort$ to Din o%"1 Soli Dor-" CAD %a" $($lo'$ "'$cificall# for t&$ Din o%" O'$ratin! S#"t$m from t&$ ($r# *$!innin!+ In "ummar#1 alt&ou!& t&$ &i"tor# of t&$ famil# of Soli Dor-" 2EA
<
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'ro uct" at$" *ac- to 1@?51 Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n "'$cificall# $($lo'$ for Din o%" an ta-$" full a (anta!$ t&i" of $$' int$!ration *$t%$$n Soli Dor-" an Din o%"1 r$'r$"$ntin! t&$ "tat$/of/t&$/art in t&$ $n!in$$rin! anal#"i" "oft%ar$+
Fundamental steps in an FEA pro!ect

T&$ "tartin! 'oint for an# Soli Dor-" Simulation 'roA$ct i" a Soli Dor-" mo $l1 %&ic& can *$ on$ 'art or an a""$m*l#+ At t&i" "ta!$1 mat$rial 'ro'$rti$"1 loa " an r$"traint" ar$ $fin$ + N$.t1 a" i" al%a#" t&$ ca"$ %it& u"in! an# 2EA *a"$ anal#"i" tool1 %$ "'lit t&$ !$om$tr# into r$lati($l# "mall an "im'l# "&a'$ $ntiti$"1 call$ finit$ $l$m$nt"+ T&$ $l$m$nt" ar$ call$ Efinit$E to $m'&a"iB$ t&$ fact t&at t&$# ar$ not infinit$"imall# "mall1 *ut onl# r$a"ona*l# "mall in com'ari"on to t&$ o($rall mo $l "iB$+ Cr$atin! finit$ $l$m$nt" i" commonl# call$ m$"&in!+ D&$n %or-in! %it& finit$ $l$m$nt"1 t&$ Soli Dor-" Simulation "ol($r a''ro.imat$" t&$ "olution *$in! "ou!&t 0for $.am'l$1 $formation" or "tr$""$"3 *# a""$m*lin! t&$ "olution" for in i(i ual $l$m$nt"+ 2rom t&$ '$r"'$cti($ of 2EA "oft%ar$1 $ac& a''lication of 2EA r$4uir$" t&r$$ "t$'"= Pr$'roc$""in! of t&$ 2EA mo $l1 %&ic& in(ol($" $finin! t&$ mo $l an t&$n "'littin! it into finit$ $l$m$nt" Solution for com'utin! %ant$ r$"ult" Po"t/'roc$""in! for r$"ult" anal#"i" D$ %ill follo% t&$ a*o($ t&r$$ "t$'" $($r# tim$ %$ u"$ Soli Dor-" Simulation+ 2rom t&$ '$r"'$cti($ of 2EA m$t&o olo!#1 %$ can li"t t&$ follo%in! 2EA "t$'"= Buil in! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l Buil in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l Sol(in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l Anal#Bin! t&$ r$"ult"
T&$ follo%in! "u*"$ction" i"cu"" t&$"$ four "t$'" Buil in! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l T&$ "tartin! 'oint to anal#"i" %it& Soli Dor-" Simulation i" a Soli Dor-" mo $l+ :$om$tr# of t&$ mo $l n$$ " to *$ m$"&a*l$ into a corr$ct an r$a"ona*l# "mall $l$m$nt 7
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m$"&+ T&i" r$4uir$m$nt of m$"&a*ilit# &a" ($r# im'ortant im'lication"+ D$ n$$ to $n"ur$ t&at t&$ CAD !$om$tr# %ill in $$ m$"& an t&at t&$ 'ro uc$ m$"& %ill 'ro(i $ t&$ corr$ct "olution of t&$ ata of int$r$"t1 "uc& a" i"'lac$m$nt"1 "tr$""$"1 t$m'$ratur$ i"tri*ution1 $tc+ T&i" n$c$""it# oft$n r$4uir$" mo ification" to t&$ CAD !$om$tr#1 %&ic& can ta-$ t&$ form of $f$aturin!1 i $aliBation an )or cl$an/u'1 $"cri*$ *$lo%=
It i" im'ortant to m$ntion t&at %$ o not al%a#" "im'lif# t&$ CAD mo $l %it& t&$ "ol$ o*A$cti($ of ma-in! it m$"&a*l$+ Oft$n1 %$ mu"t "im'lif# a mo $l $($n t&ou!& it %oul m$"&1 corr$ctl# Ea" i"E1 *ut t&$ r$"ultin! m$"& %oul *$ too lar!$ an con"$4u$ntl#1 t&$ anal#"i" %oul ta-$ too muc& tim$+ :$om$tr# modifications allo" for a simpler mesh and shorter com'utin! tim$"+ Al"o1 !$om$tr# 'r$'aration ma# not *$ r$4uir$ at allC "ucc$""ful m$"&in! $'$n " a" muc& on t&$ 4ualit# of !$om$tr# "u*mitt$ for m$"&in! a" it o$" on t&$ "o'&i"tication of t&$ m$"&in! tool" im'l$m$nt$ in t&$ 2EA "oft%ar$+ ,a(in! 'r$'ar$ a m$"&a*l$1 *ut not #$t m$"&$ !$om$tr# %$ no% $fin$ mat$rial 'ro'$rti$"+ 0t&$"$ can al"o *$ im'ort$ from a Soli Dor-" mo $l31 loa " an r$"traint"1 an 'ro(i $ information on t&$ t#'$ of anal#"i" t&at %$ %i"& to '$rform+ T&i" 'roc$ ur$ com'l$t$" t&$ cr$ation of t&$ mat&$matical mo $l 0fi!ur$ 1/53+ Notic$ t&at t&$ 'roc$"" of cr$atin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l i" not 2EA/"'$cific+ 2EA &a" not #$t $nt$r$ t&$ 'ictur$+
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2i!ur$ 1/5= Buil in! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l The process of creating a mathematical model consists of the modification o #A$ geometry %here removing e&ternal fillets', definition of loads, restraint material properties, and definition of the type of analysis %e.g., static' that "e "ish to perform. B$"%:"); '8. 5")"'. .%.#.)' #(:.% T&$ mat&$matical mo $l no% n$$ " to *$ "'lit into finit$ $l$m$nt" t&rou!& a 'roc$"" of i"cr$tiBation1 mor$ commonl# -no%n a" m$"&in! 0fi!ur$ 1/63+Loa " an r$"traint" ar$ al"o i"cr$tiB$ an onc$ t&$ mo $l &a" *$$n m$"&$ t&$ i"cr$tiB$ loa " an r$"traint" ar$ a''li$ to t&$ no $" of t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt m$"&+
2i!ur$ 1/6= Buil in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l The mathematical model is discreti(ed into a finite element model. This completes the pre-processing phase. The FEA model is then solved "ith one of the numerical solvers availa)le in Solid Works Simulation Sol(in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l ,a(in! cr$at$ t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l1 %$ no% u"$ a "ol($r 'ro(i $ in Solid Works Simulation to 'ro uc$ t&$ $"ir$ ata of int$r$"t 0fi!ur$ 1/63+
ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB Anal#Bin! t&$ r$"ult"
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Oft$n t&$ mo"t ifficult "t$' of 2EA i" anal#Bin! t&$ r$"ult"+ Pro'$r int$r'r$tation of r$"ult" r$4uir$" t&at %$ un $r"tan all "im'lification" 0an $rror" t&$# intro uc$3 in t&$ fir"t t&r$$ "t$'"= $finin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l1 m$"&in! it" !$om$tr#1 an "ol(in!+
Errors in FEA
T&$ 'roc$"" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$" 1/5 an 1/6 intro uc$" una(oi a*l$ $rror"+ 2ormulation of a mat&$matical mo $l intro uc$" mo $lin! $rror" 0al"o call$ i $aliBation $rror"31 i"cr$tiBation of t&$ mat&$matical mo $l intro uc$" i"cr$tiBation $rror"1 an "ol(in! intro uc$" num$rical $rror"+ Of t&$"$ t&r$$ t#'$" of $rror"1 onl# i"cr$tiBation $rror" ar$ "'$cific to 2EA+ Mo $lin! $rror" aff$ctin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l ar$ intro uc$ *$for$ 2EA i" utiliB$ an can onl# *$ controll$ *# u"in! corr$ct mo $lin! t$c&ni4u$"+ Solution $rror" cau"$ *# t&$ accumulation of roun /off $rror" ar$ ifficult to control1 *ut ar$ u"uall# ($r# lo%+
A closer look at finite elements

M$"&in! "'lit" continuou" mat&$matical mo $l" into finit$ $l$m$nt"+ T&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt" cr$at$ *# t&i" 'roc$"" $'$n " on t&$ t#'$ of !$om$tr# m$"&$ 1 t&$ t#'$ of anal#"i"1 an "om$tim$" on our o%n 'r$f$r$nc$"+ Solid Works Simulation off$r" t%o t#'$" of $l$m$nt"= t$tra&$ ral "oli $l$m$nt" 0for m$"&in! "oli !$om$tr#3 an "&$ll $l$m$nt" 0for m$"&in! "urfac$ !$om$tr#3+B$for$ 'roc$$ in! %$ n$$ to clarif# an im'ortant t$rminolo!# i""u$+ In CAD t$rminolo!# E"oli E $not$" t&$ t#'$ of !$om$tr#= "oli !$om$tr# 0a" o''o"$ to "urfac$ or %ir$ fram$ !$om$tr#31 in 2EA t$rminolo!# it $not$" t&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt+
Solid elements
T&$ t#'$ of !$om$tr# t&at i" mo"t oft$n u"$ for anal#"i" %it& Solid Works Simulation i" "oli CAD !$om$tr#+ M$"&in! of t&i" !$om$tr# i" accom'li"&$ %it& t$tra&$ ral "oli $l$m$nt"1 commonl# call$ Et$t"E in 2EA Aar!on+ T&$ t$tra&$ ral "oli $l$m$nt" in Solid Works Simulation can $it&$r *$ fir"t or $r $l$m$nt" 0 raft 4ualit#31 or "$con or $r $l$m$nt" 0&i!& 4ualit#3+ T&$ u"$r $ci $" %&$t&$r to u"$ raft 4ualit# or &i!& 4ualit# $l$m$nt" for m$"&in!+ ,o%$($r1 a" %$ %ill "oon 'ro($1 onl# &i!& 4ualit# $l$m$nt" "&oul *$ u"$ for an anal#"i" of an# im'ortanc$+ T&$ iff$r$nc$ *$t%$$n fir"t an "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" i" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/4+
10
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2i!ur$ 1 /4= Diff$r$nc$" *$t%$$n fir"t an "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" First and the second order tetrahedral elements are sho"n )efore and after deformation. *ote that the deformed faces of the second order element may assume curvilinear shape "hile deformed faces of the first order element must remain fiat. 2ir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" &a($ four no $"1 "trai!&t $ !$"1 an flat fac$"+ T&$"$ $ !$" an fac$" r$main "trai!&t an flat aft$r t&$ $l$m$nt &a" $.'$ri$nc$ $formation un $r t&$ a''li$ loa + 2ir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ lin$ar fi$l of i"'lac$m$nt in"i $ t&$ir (olum$1 on fac$"1 an alon! $ !$"+ T&$ lin$ar 0or fir"t or $r3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l !i($" t&$"$ $l$m$nt" t&$ir nam$= fir"t or $r $l$m$nt"+ If #ou r$call from t&$ M$c&anic" of Mat$rial"1 "train i" t&$ fir"t $ri(ati($ of i"'lac$m$nt+ T&$r$for$1 "train an con"$4u$ntl# "tr$""1 ar$ *ot& con"tant in fir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt"+ T&i" "ituation im'o"$" a ($r# "$($r$ limitation on t&$ ca'a*ilit# of a m$"& con"truct$ %it& fir"t or $r $l$m$nt" to mo $l "tr$"" i"tri*ution of an# r$al com'l$.it#+ To ma-$ matt$r" %or"$1 "trai!&t $ !$" an flat fac$" cannot ma' 'ro'$rl# to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#1 a" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/;+
2i!ur$ 1/;= 2ailur$ of "trai!&t $ !$" an flat fac$" to ma' to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#
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REC
A detail of a mesh created "ith first order tetrahedral elements. *otice the imprecise element mapping to the hole+ flat faces appro&imate the face of the cylindrical hole.
S$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" &a($ t$n no $" an mo $l t&$ "$con or $r 0'ara*olic3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l an fir"t or $r 0lin$ar3 "tr$"" fi$l in t&$ir (olum$1 alon! lac$"1 an $ !$"+ T&$ $ !$" an fac$" of "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" *$for$ an aft$r $formation can *$ cur(ilin$ar+ T&$r$for$1 t&$"$ $l$m$nt" can ma' 'r$ci"$l# to cur($ "urfac$"1 a" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/<+ E($n t&ou!& t&$"$ $l$m$nt" ar$ mor$ com'utationall# $man in! t&an fir"t or $r $l$m$nt"1 "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" ar$ u"$ for t&$ (a"t maAorit# of anal#"$" %it& Soli Dor-" Simulation+
2i!ur$ 1/<= Ma''in! cur($ "urfac$" A detail is sho"n of a mesh created "ith second order tetrahedral elements. Second order elements map "ell to curvilinear geometry.
Shell elements
B$"i $" "oli $l$m$nt"1 Soli Dor-" Simulation al"o off$r" "&$ll $l$m$nt"+ D&il$ "oli $l$m$nt" ar$ cr$at$ *# m$"&in! "oli !$om$tr#1 "&$ll $l$m$nt" ar$ cr$at$ *# m$"&in! "urfac$"+ S&$ll $l$m$nt" ar$ 'rimaril# u"$ for anal#Bin! t&in/%all$ "tructur$"+ Sinc$ "urfac$ !$om$tr# o$" not carr# information a*out t&ic-n$""1 t&$ u"$r mu"t 'ro(i $ t&i" information+ Similar to "oli $l$m$nt"1 "&$ll $l$m$nt" al"o com$ in raft an &i!& 4ualit# %it& analo!ou" con"$4u$nc$" %it& r$"'$ct to t&$ir a*ilit# to ma' to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#1 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/7 an fi!ur$ 1/?+ A" $mon"trat$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt"1 fir"t or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ lin$ar i"'lac$m$nt fi$l %it& con"tant "train an "tr$"" %&il$ "$con or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ "$con or $r 0'ara*olic3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l an t&$ fir"t or $r "train an "tr$"" fi$l +
15
REC
2i!ur$ 1/7= 2ir"t or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt This shell element mesh "as created "ith first order elements. *otice the imprecise mapping of the mesh to curvilinear geometry.
2i!ur$ 1/?= S$con or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt Shell element mesh created "ith second order elements, "hich map correctly to curvilinear geometry. C$rtain cla""$" of "&a'$" can *$ mo $l$ u"in! $it&$r "oli or "&$ll $l$m$nt"1 "uc& a" t&$ 'lat$ "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/@+ T&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt" u"$ $'$n " t&$n on t&$ o*A$cti($ of t&$ anal#"i"+ Oft$n t&$ natur$ of t&$ !$om$tr# ictat$" %&at t#'$ of $l$m$nt "&oul *$ u"$ for m$"&in!+ 2or $.am'l$1 'art" 'ro uc$ *# ca"tin! ar$ m$"&$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt"1 %&il$ a "&$$t m$tal "tructur$ i" *$"t m$"&$ %it& "&$ll $l$m$nt"+
16
REC
2i!ur$ 1/@= Plat$ mo $l$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt" 0l$ft3 an "&$ll $l$m$nt" The plate sho"n can )e modeled "ith either solid elements %left' or shell elements %right'. The actual choice depends on the particular re,uirements of analysis and sometimes on personal preferences
2i!ur$ 1/101 *$lo%1 'r$"$nt" t&$ *a"ic li*rar# of $l$m$nt" in Soli Dor-" Simulation+ El$m$nt" li-$ a &$.a&$ ral "oli 1 4ua rilat$ral "&$ll or ot&$r "&a'$" ar$ not a(aila*l$ in Soli Dor-" Simulation+
14
REC
2i!ur$ 1/10= Soli Dor-" Simulation $l$m$nt li*rar# Four element types are availa)le in the Soli Dor-" Simulation element li)rary. The vast ma!ority of analyses use the second order tetrahedral element. -oth solid and shell first order elements should )e avoided. T&$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om 0DO23 of a no $ in a finit$ $l$m$nt m$"& $fin$ t&$ a*ilit# of t&$ no $ to '$rform tran"lation or rotation+ T&$ num*$r of $!r$$" of fr$$ om t&at a no $ 'o""$""$" $'$n " on t&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt t&at t&$ no $ *$lon!" to+ In Soli Dor-" Simulation1 no $" of "oli $l$m$nt" &a($ t&r$$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om1 %&il$ no $" of "&$ll $l$m$nt" &a($ "i. $!r$$" of fr$$ om+ T&i" m$an" t&at in or $r to $"cri*$ tran"formation of a "oli $l$m$nt from t&$ com'on$nt" of no al i"'lac$m$nt1 mo"t oft$n t&$ .1 #1 B i"'lac$m$nt"+ In t&$ ca"$ of "&$ll $l$m$nt"1 %$ n$$ to -no% not onl# t&$ tran"lational com'on$nt" of no al i"'lac$m$nt"1 *ut al"o t&$ rotational i"'lac$m$nt com'on$nt"+
What is calculated in FEA

Eac& $!r$$ of fr$$ om of $($r# no $ in a finit$ $l$m$nt m$"& con"titut$" an un-no%n+ In "tructural anal#"i"1 %&$r$ %$ loo- at $formation" an "tr$""$"1 no al i"'lac$m$nt" ar$ t&$ 'rimar# un-no%n"+ If "oli $l$m$nt" ar$ u"$ 1 t&$r$ ar$ t&r$$ i"'lac$m$nt com'on$nt" 0or 6 $!r$$" of fr$$ om3 '$r no $ t&at mu"t *$ calculat$ + Dit& "&$ll $l$m$nt"1 "i. i"'lac$m$nt com'on$nt" 0or< $!r$$" of fr$$ om3 mu"t *$ calculat$ + 1;
REC
E($r#t&in! $l"$1 "uc& a" "train" an "tr$""$"1 ar$ calculat$ *a"$ on t&$ no al i"'lac$m$nt"+ Con"$4u$ntl#1 ri!i r$"traint" a''li$ to "oli $l$m$nt" r$4uir$ onl# t&r$$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om to *$ con"train$ + Ri!i r$"traint" a''li$ to "&$ll $l$m$nt" r$4uir$ t&at all "i. $!r$$" of fr$$ om *$ con"train$ + In a t&$rmal anal#"i"1 %&ic& fin " t$m'$ratur$" an &$at flo%1 t&$ 'rimar# un-no%n" ar$ no al t$m'$ratur$"+ Sinc$ t$m'$ratur$ i" a "calar (alu$ 0unli-$ t&$ ($ctor natur$ of i"'lac$m$nt"31 t&$n r$!ar l$"" of %&at t#'$ of $l$m$nt i" u"$ 1 t&$r$ i" onl# on$ un-no%n 0t$m'$ratur$3 to *$ foun for $ac& no $+ All ot&$r r$"ult" a(aila*l$ in t&$ t&$rmal anal#"i" ar$ calculat$ *a"$ on t$m'$ratur$ r$"ult"+ T&$ fact t&at t&$r$ i" onl# on$ un-no%n to *$ foun for $ac& no $C rat&$r t&an t&r$$ or "i.1 ma-$" t&$rmal anal#"i" l$"" com'utationall# int$n"i($ t&an "tructural anal#"i"+
.o" to interpret FEA results

R$"ult" of "tructural 2EA ar$ 'ro(i $ in t&$ form of i"'lac$m$nt" an "tr$""$"+ But &o% o %$ $ci $ if a $"i!n E'a""$"E or Efail"E an %&at o$" it ta-$ for alarm" to !o offF D&at $.actl# con"titut$" a failur$F To an"%$r t&$"$ 4u$"tion"1 %$ n$$ to $"ta*li"& "om$ crit$ria to int$r'r$t 2EA r$"ult"1 %&ic& ma# inclu $ ma.imum acc$'ta*l$ $formation1 ma.imum "tr$""1 or lo%$"t acc$'ta*l$ natural fr$4u$nc#+ D&il$ i"'lac$m$nt an fr$4u$nc# crit$ria ar$ 4uit$ o*(iou" an $a"# to $"ta*li"&1 "tr$"" crit$ria ar$ not+ L$tH" a""um$ t&at %$ n$$ to con uct a "tr$"" anal#"i" in or $r to $n"ur$ t&at "tr$""$" ar$ %it&in an acc$'ta*l$ ran!$+ To Au !$ "tr$"" r$"ult"1 %$ n$$ to un $r"tan t&$ m$c&ani"m of 'ot$ntial failur$1 if a 'art *r$a-"1 %&at "tr$"" m$a"ur$ *$"t $"cri*$" t&at failur$F I" it (onMi"$" "tr$""1 ma.imum 'rinci'al "tr$""1 "&$ar "tr$""1 or "om$t&in! $l"$F COSMOS Dor-" can 'r$"$nt "tr$"" r$"ult" in an# form %$ %ant+ It i" u' to u" to $ci $ %&ic& "tr$"" m$a"ur$ to u"$ for i""uin! a E'a""E or EfailE ($r ict+ An# t$.t*oo- on t&$ M$c&anic" of Mat$rial" 'ro(i $" information on (ariou" failur$ crit$ria+ Int$r$"t$ r$a $r" can al"o r$f$r to *oo-"+ ,$r$ %$ %ill limit our i"cu""ion to outlinin! t&$ iff$r$nc$" *$t%$$n t%o commonl# u"$ "tr$"" m$a"ur$"= 9on Mi"$" "tr$"" an t&$ 'rinci'al "tr$""+ @() M"+.+ +'/.++ 9on Mi"$" "tr$""1 al"o -no%n a" ,u*$r "tr$""1 i" a "tr$"" m$a"ur$ t&at account" for all "i. "tr$"" com'on$nt" of a !$n$ral 6/D "tat$ of "tr$"" 0fi!ur$ 1/113+
1<
REC
2i!ur$ 1/11= :$n$ral "tat$ of "tr$"" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&r$$ normal "tr$""$"= I.1 I#1 IB an "i. "&$ar "tr$""$" J.# K J#.1 J#B K JB#1 JB. K J.B T"o components of shear stress and one component of normal stress act on each side of an elementary cu)e. $ue to e,uili)rium re,uirements, the general /-$state of stress is characteri(ed )y si& stress components0 I.1 I#1 IB an J.# K J#.1 J#B K JB#1 JB. K J.B
Not$ t&at (on Mi"$" "tr$"" i" a non/n$!ati($1 "calar (alu$+ 9on Mi"$" "tr$"" i" commonl# u"$ to 'r$"$nt r$"ult" *$cau"$ "tructural "af$t# for man# $n!in$$rin! mat$rial" "&o%in! $la"to/'la"tic 'ro'$rti$" 0for $.am'l$1 "t$$l3 can *$ $(aluat$ u"in! (on Mi"$" "tr$""+ T&$ ma!nitu $ of (on Mi"$" "tr$"" can *$ com'ar$ to mat$rial #i$l or to ultimat$ "tr$n!t& to calculat$ t&$ #i$l "tr$n!t& or t&$ ultimat$ "tr$n!t& "af$t# factor+ P/")="-&% +'/.++.+ B# 'ro'$rl# a Au"tin! t&$ an!ular ori$ntation of t&$ "tr$"" cu*$ in fi!ur$ 1/111 "&$ar "tr$""$" i"a''$ar an t&$ "tat$ of "tr$"" i" r$'r$"$nt$ onl# *# t&r$$ 'rinci'al "tr$""$"= o=1 o51 an 061 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/15+ In Soli Dor-" "imulation1 'rinci'al "tr$""$" ar$ $not$ a" I11 I51 an I6+
17
REC
2i!ur$ 1/15= :$n$ral "tat$ of "tr$"" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&r$$ 'rinci'al "tr$""$"= I11 I51 I6
1nits of measurements Int$rnall#1 Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$" t&$ Int$rnational S#"t$m of Unit" 0SI3+,o%$($r1 for t&$ u"$rH" con($ni$nc$1 t&$ unit mana!$r allo%" ata $ntr# in t&r$$ iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit"= SI1 M$tric1 an En!li"&+ R$"ult" can *$ i"'la#$ u"in! an# of t&$ t&r$$ unit "#"t$m"+ 2i!ur$ 1/16 "ummariB$" t&$ a(aila*l$ "#"t$m" of unit"+
2i!ur$ 1/16= Unit "#"t$m" a(aila*l$ in Soli Dor-" "imulation SI, 2etric, and English systems of units can )e interchanged "hen entering data or analy(ing results in Soli Dor-" "imulation E.'$ri$nc$ in icat$" t&at unit" of ma"" $n"it# ar$ oft$n confu"$ %it& unit" of "'$cific !ra(it#+ T&$ i"tinction *$t%$$n t&$"$ t%o i" 4uit$ cl$ar in SI unit"= Ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5, %&il$ "'$cific !ra(it# in 3*4m/5.,o%$($r1 in t&$ En!li"& "#"t$m1 *ot& "'$cific ma"" an "'$cific !ra(it# ar$ +$.'r$""$ in 3l)4in./5, %&$r$ 3l)5 $not$" $it&$r 'oun ma"" or 'oun forc$+ A" Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$r"1 %$ ar$ "'ar$ muc& confu"ion an trou*l$ %it& "#"t$m" of unit"+
1?
REC
,o%$($r1 %$ ma# *$ a"-$ to 'r$'ar$ ata or int$r'r$t t&$ r$"ult" of ot&$r 2EA "oft%ar$ %&$r$ %$ o not &a($ t&$ con($ni$nc$ of t&$ unit mana!$r+ T&$r$for$1 %$ %ill ma-$ "om$ !$n$ral comm$nt" a*out t&$ u"$ of iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit" in t&$ 'r$'aration of in'ut ata for 2EA mo $l"+ D$ can u"$ an# con"i"t$nt "#"t$m of unit" for 2EA mo $l"1 *ut in 'ractic$1 t&$ c&oic$ of t&$ "#"t$m of unit" i" ictat$ *# %&at unit" ar$ u"$ in t&$ CAD mo $l+ T&$ "#"t$m of unit" in CAD mo $l" i" not al%a#" con"i"t$ntC l$n!t& can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3mm5, %&il$ ma"" $n"it# can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5.Contrar# to CAD mo $l"1 in 2EA all unit" must *$ con"i"t$nt+ Incon"i"t$nci$" ar$ $a"# to o($rloo-1 $"'$ciall# %&$n $finin! ma"" an ma"" $n"it#1 an t&$# can l$a to ($r# "$riou" $rror"+ SI, 2etric, and English systems of units can )e interchanged "hen entering data or analy(ing results in Soli Dor-" "imulation E.'$ri$nc$ in icat$" t&at unit" of ma"" $n"it# ar$ oft$n confu"$ %it& unit" of "'$cific !ra(it#+ T&$ i"tinction *$t%$$n t&$"$ t%o i" 4uit$ cl$ar in SI unit"= Ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5, %&il$ "'$cific !ra(it# in 3*4m/5.,o%$($r1 in t&$ En!li"& "#"t$m1 *ot& "'$cific ma"" an "'$cific !ra(it# ar$ +$.'r$""$ in 3l)4in./5, %&$r$ 3l)5 $not$" $it&$r 'oun ma"" or 'oun forc$+ A" Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$r"1 %$ ar$ "'ar$ muc& confu"ion an trou*l$ %it& "#"t$m" of unit"+ ,o%$($r1 %$ ma# *$ a"-$ to 'r$'ar$ ata or int$r'r$t t&$ r$"ult" of ot&$r 2EA "oft%ar$ %&$r$ %$ o not &a($ t&$ con($ni$nc$ of t&$ unit mana!$r+ T&$r$for$1 %$ %ill ma-$ "om$ !$n$ral comm$nt" a*out t&$ u"$ of iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit" in t&$ 'r$'aration of in'ut ata for 2EA mo $l"+ D$ can u"$ an# con"i"t$nt "#"t$m of unit" for 2EA mo $l"1 *ut in 'ractic$ &i" c&oic$ of t&$ "#"t$m of unit" i" ictat$ *# %&at unit" ar$ u"$ in t&$ CAD mo $l+ T&$ "#"t$m of unit" in CAD mo $l" i" not al%a#" con"i"t$ntC l$n!t& can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3mm5, %&il$ ma"" $n"it# can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5.Contrar# to CAD mo $l"1 in 2EA all unit" must *$ con"i"t$nt+ Incon"i"t$nci$" ar$ $a"# to o($rloo-1 $"'$ciall# %&$n $finin! ma"" an ma"" $n"it#1 an t&$# can l$a to ($r# "$riou" $rror"+ In t&$ SI "#"t$m1 %&ic& i" *a"$ on m$t$r" 3m5 for l$n!t&1 -ilo!ram" 3kg5 for ma"" an "$con " 3s5 for tim$1 all ot&$r unit" ar$ $a"il# $ri($ from t&$"$ *a"ic unit"+ In m$c&anical $n!in$$rin!1 l$n!t& i" commonl# $.'r$""$ in millim$t$r" 3mm5, forc$ in N$%ton 3*5, an tim$ in "$con " 3s5. All ot&$r unit" mu"t t&$n *$ $ri($ from t&$"$ *a"ic unit"= 3mm5, 3*5, an 3s5.Con"$4u$ntl#1 t&$ unit of ma"" i" $fin$ a" a ma"" %&ic&1 %&$n "u*A$ct$ to a unit forc$ $4ual to IN1 %ill acc$l$rat$ %it& a unit acc$l$ration of 1 mm)"5+T&$r$for$1 t&$ unit of ma"" in a "#"t$m u"in! 3mm5 for l$n!t& an 3*5 for forc$1 i" $4ui(al$nt to 11000 -! or on$ m$tric ton+ Con"$4u$ntl#1 ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in m$tric tonn$ 3tonne4mm/5. T&i" i" criticall# im'ortant to r$m$m*$r %&$n $finin! mat$rial 'ro'$rti$" in 2EA "oft%ar$ %it&out a unit mana!$r+ Notic$ in fi!ur$ 1/ 14 t&at an $rron$ou" $finition of ma"" $n"it# in 3kg4m/5 rat&$r t&an in 3tonne4mm/5 r$"ult" in ma"" $n"it# *$in! on$ trillion 010153 tim$" &i!&$r 0fi!ur$ 1/143+
1@
REC
2i!ur$ 1/14= Ma"" $n"iti$" of aluminum in t&$ t&r$$ "#"t$m" of unit" #omparison of numerical values of mass densities of aluminum defined in this system of units "ith the system of units derived from SI, and "ith the English %I6S' system of units.
50
REC
EA! N(2 1 AIM2
S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 <.&#+ 0Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 Cantil$($r > 2i.$ $n "3
To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n *$am" 0Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 Cantil$($r> 2i.$ $n "3 u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ P/(<%.# D.+=/"-'"()2 0i3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+13 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" 165mm . 5<4mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+1
0ii3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+53 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" 1;0mm . 600mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+5
51
REC
0iii3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+63 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" ;75mm . 1144mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+6
P/(<%.# ,I0 Creation of solid model S(%": -&/' 12 Sketch module0 O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ ri!&t 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 165 G 5<4 mm Feature 2odule0 S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc&1 L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& a l$n!t& 6000mm L o-+ S(%": -&/' 22 Sketch module0 S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t $n fac$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 165 G 5<4 mm Feature 2odule0
55
REC
S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc&5 L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 6000mm L un"$l$ct m$r!$ com'on$nt L o-+ T&$ mo $l mu"t *$ a "oli o*A$ct R$f$r$nc$ 'oint= S-$tc& L 'oint L S$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ L "$l$ct normal (i$% L locat$ a 'oint L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ location of t&$ 'oint a" 5000 mm from ri!&t $n L o-+ S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct "-$tc&6 0'oint3 > to' "urfac$ L o
Analysis the solid model St$' *# "t$' 'roc$ ur$ for t&$ anal#"i"+ Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /ln" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+
56
REC
Static Study:
To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+
Ri!&t clic- on t&$ Static "tu # / Tr$at t&$ "oli 'art 1 > 5 a" a *$am "$'arat$l#+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ "oli 'art fol $r in t&$ "imulation "tu #L "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct Allo# St$$l+
54
REC
Calculate the Joints: To calculat$ t&$ AointL Ri!&t/clic- t&$ Aoint" fol $r in Static "tu # L $ it L calculat$ L o- 0aft$r fin in! i"'la# of no+ of Aoint" mo $l3
5;
REC
Apply Fixtures:
To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$013 at $n AL Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ l$ft $n Aoint %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L S$l$ct immo(a*l$ !$om$tr# L o-+
5<
REC
To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$ 053 at $n B L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t $n AointL S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ !$om$tr# a" fi.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ L S$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ L Ent$r (al($ 0 L In t&$ !ra'&ic %in o% not$ t&$ "#m*ol" of t&$ a''li$ 2i.tur$+
Apply loads: D$ no% $fin$ t&$ loa *# "$l$ctin! 2orc$ from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ T&i" action o'$n" t&$ 2orc$ %in o%+ T&$ 2orc$ %in o% i"'la#" t&$ 'ortion %&$r$ 'oint loa > uniforml# i"tri*ut$ loa i" a''li$ UDL= Ri!&t clic- t&$ loa fol $r L S$l$ct forc$" L "$l$ct t&$ "oli 'art1 L "$l$ct loa ) m L "$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$+ T&i" illu"tration al"o "&o%" "#m*ol" of a''li$ r$"traint an loa L "$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ *$am %it& 501000 N)m of uniforml# i"tri*ut$ loa o($r t&$ "$l$ct$ fac$ L o-+
57
REC
Point Loa = Ri!&t clic- t&$ loa fol $r L S$l$ct forc$" L "$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ L "$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ *$am %it& 501000 N of 'oint loa on t&$ "$l$ct$ 'oint L o-+
5?
REC
Create the mesh: D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis:
Ri!&t/clic-" t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ A "ucc$""ful or fail$ "olution i" r$'ort$ an mu"t *$ ac-no%l$ !$ *$for$ 'roc$$ in! to anal#"i" of r$"ult"+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+
esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ S$l$ct on$ of t&$ follo%in! anal#"$" #ou %ant to "$$= Str$"" i"tri*ution Di"'lac$m$nt i"tri*ution D$form$ "&a'$
5@
REC
Ma-$ "ur$ t&at t&$ a*o($ 'lot" ar$ $fin$ in #our confi!uration1 if not1 $fin$ t&$m+ Onc$ t&$ "olution com'l$t$"1 #ou can a mor$ 'lot" to t&$ R$"ult" fol $r+ You can al"o cr$at$ "u*fol $r" in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r to !rou' 'lot"+ To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ P/(<%.# ,""0 B ,"""0 2ollo% t&$ "am$ 'roc$ ur$ %it& r$4uir$ c&an!$"+ R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ *$am %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& t&$or$tical or anal#tical r$"ult"+
60
REC
EA! N(2 2 Aim:
S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & R.='&);$%&/ -%&'. 6"'8 ="/=$%&/ 8(%.+
To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n r$ctan!ular 'lat$ %it& &ol$" u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ !ro"lem description: A "t$$l 'lat$ %it& 6 &ol$" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm r$"'$cti($l# i" "u''ort$ an loa $ 1 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$+ D$ a""um$ t&at t&$ "u''ort i" ri!i 0t&i" i" al"o call$ *uilt/in "u''ort or fi.$ "u''ort3 an t&at t&$ 50 NN t$n"il$ loa i" uniforml# i"tri*ut$ on t&$ $n fac$1 o''o"it$ to t&$ "u''ort$ fac$+ T&$ cro"" "$ction i" 1; mm . 5; mm+ l$n!t& i" 100mm+ Mat$rial 0Allo# "t$$l3
T K 1;mm
DK6mm DK;mm DK10mm
, K 5;mm
P K 50-N Uniforml# i"tri*ut$
L K 100mm
Creation of the solid model using solid wor#s S#etch module: S-$tc&013 M O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 1; G 5; mmL Dra% t&r$$ circl$" a" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm %it& 5;mm i"tanc$+
61
REC
Feature Module: 2$atur$ 013 M S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& 0O3 L S$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 100mm+ S#etch module: S-$tc& 053 L "$l$ct t&$ front "urfac$ L"$l$ct normal (i$% L Dra% t&r$$ circl$" a" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm %it& 5;mm i"tanc$+ Feature Module: 2$atur$ 053 M S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& 053 L "$l$ct $.tru $ cut L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 1;mm L oAnalysis of the solid model Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /l$n" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+ Static Study: To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct Allo# St$$l+
65
REC
Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L "$l$ct t&$ l$ft $n fac$ L o Apply loads: D$ no% $fin$ t&$ loa *# "$l$ctin! 2orc$ from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ T&$ 2orc$ %in o% i"'la#" t&$ "$l$ct$ fac$ %&$r$ t$n"il$ forc$ i" a''li$ LS$l$ct u"$ r$f$r$nc$ !$om$tr# L S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t 'lan$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$+ L S$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ Mo $l %it& 501000 N of t$n"il$ forc$ uniforml# i"tri*ut$ o($r t&$ $n fac$+
Create the mesh:
D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis: Ri!&t/clic-in! t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ A "ucc$""ful or fail$ "olution i" r$'ort$ an mu"t *$ ac-no%l$ !$ *$for$ 'roc$$ in! to anal#"i" of r$"ult"+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+ esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ Str$""1 "&o%in! in normal . ir$ction Di"'lac$m$nt1 "&o%in! r$"ultant i"'lac$m$nt" To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ R.+$%'2
66
REC
T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ r$ctan!ular 'lat$ %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& t&$or$tical or anal#tical (alu$"+ EA! N(2 1 S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & R.='&);$%&/ L B/&=4.' A"#2 To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n r$ctan!ular L Brac-$t 0Dall Brac-$t3 u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ P/(<%.# :.+=/"-'"()2 An L/"&a'$ *rac-$t i" "u''ort$ an loa $ a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 6/1+ D$ %i"& to fin t&$ Di"'lac$m$nt" an "tr$""$" cau"$ *# a ;1000 N %&ic& i" <0P inclin$ + In 'articular1 %$ ar$ int$r$"t$ in "tr$""$" in t&$ corn$r %&$r$ t&$ ; mm roun $ !$ 0fill$t3 i" locat$ + Mat$rial :r$# Ca"t Iron+
600mm R @0mm R 70mm
;000N 1;0mm <0Q
70mm
T&ic-n$"" 6;mm
Creation of the solid model S#etch module: O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% t&$ r$4uir$ "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion"L mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" L"$l$ct fill$t mo $ L$nt$r ra iu" ;mmL"$l$ct t&$ "'$cifi$ $ !$"Lo-+
64
REC
Feature Module: S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" 7 "$l$ct mi 'lan$ o'tion L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 17+;mm+ S-$tc& Point= S$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L normal (i$% L ra% a lin$ 0"-$tc& 53 from t&$ c$ntr$ of t&$ &ol$ %&ic& i" <0Q inclin$ to t&$ ($rtical+ S$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L locat$ t&$ int$r"$ction 'oint of <0Q inclin$ lin$ > "-$tc& 6 Lo-+ R$f$r$nc$ 'oint= S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ 'oint !$om$tr# L "$l$ct "-$tc& 6 'oint > inn$r "urfac$ of t&$ &ol$ L o-+
Analysis of the solid model Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /ln" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+ Static Study: To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art
6;
REC
fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct :r$# Ca"t Iron+ Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # In 2i.tur$"L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L "$l$ct t&$ mo $l fac$ 0l$ft $n fac$3 %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L o-+ Apply loads: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2orc$ fol $r L S$l$ct forc$ L S$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ in or $r to loa t&$ Mo $l %it& ;000 N of %&ic& i" <0Q inclin$ ++ T&i" illu"tration al"o "&o%" "#m*ol" of a''li$ r$"traint an loa Create the mesh: D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis: Ri!&t/clic-in! t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+ esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ Str$""1 "&o%in! (on Mi""$" "tr$""$" Di"'lac$m$nt1 "&o%in! r$"ultant i"'lac$m$nt" Onc$ t&$ "olution com'l$t$"1 #ou can a mor$ 'lot" to t&$ R$"ult" fol $r+ You can al"o cr$at$ "u*fol $r" in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r to !rou' 'lot"+ To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+
6<
REC
R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ L / Brac-$t %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& anal#tical (alu$"+ EA!M(!4 S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 &) &A"-+*##.'/"= =(#-().)' A"#2 To '$rform "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt+ P/(<%.# :.+=/"-'"()2 Creation of the solid model S#etch module: O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ to' 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% t&$ r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion"L mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" 1000mm . 1;mm Lo-+ S$l$ct "-$tc& L ra% c$ntr$ a.i" L o-+ Feature Module: S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& L "$l$ct r$(ol($ 7 "$l$ct t&$ c$ntr$ a.i"L r$(olution an!l$ @0Q+ Surface Module: S$l$ct "urfac$ L mi "urfac$ L"$l$ct t&$ t%o out$r fac$" Lo-+ Ri!&t clic- t&$ "urfac$ mo $l L $ it $finition L $nt$r t&ic-n$"" 1;mm L o-+
Analysis of the solid model Simulation Module:

New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu # L "$l$ct N$% Stu # L"tatic Lo-+ Static Study:
67
REC
To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l L ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial L Allo# "t$$l L o-+ Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # In 2i.tur$"L "$l$ct A (anc$ !$om$tr# L "$l$ct "#mm$tr# L "$l$ct t&$ $n fac$" 0l$ft > ri!&t $n fac$3 %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L o-+ Apply loads: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2orc$ fol $r L S$l$ct Pr$""ur$ L S$l$ct t&$ inn$r "urfac$ of t&$ "$ctor LEnt$r 'r$""ur$ 1+;M'a L o-+ Create the mesh: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& L "$l$ct Automatic tran"ition Lo-+ un the analysis: S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution esults: T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ "tr$""$" i"'lac$m$nt" "train"
R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& anal#tical (alu$"+
6?
REC
EA! N(2 5
M(:. 5/.C$.)=* &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2 D =(#-().)'
EA! N(2 6
M(:. 5/.C$.)=* &)&%*+"+ (5 <.&#+ ,C&)'"%.?./, S"#-%* S$--(/'.:, F"A.: .):+0

6@
REC
EA! N(2 D
H&/#()"= &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'
EA! N(2 E
T8./#&% +'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'
40
REC
EA! N(2 F
AIM:
C():$='"?. 8.&' '/&)+5./ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'
EA! N(2 10
C()?.='"?. 8.&' '/&)+5./ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'
41
REC
MATLAB O?./?".6 (5 '8. MATLABG E)?"/()#.)'
INTRODUCTION=
T&$ MATLABS &i!&/'$rformanc$ lan!ua!$ for t$c&nical com'utin! int$!rat$" com'utation1 (i"ualiBation1 an 'ro!rammin! in an $a"#/to/u"$ $n(ironm$nt %&$r$ 'ro*l$m" an "olution" ar$ $.'r$""$ in familiar mat&$matical notation+ T#'ical u"$" inclu $ H Mat& an com'utation H Al!orit&m $($lo'm$nt H Data ac4ui"ition H Mo $lin!1 "imulation1 an 'rotot#'in! H Data anal#"i"1 $.'loration1 an (i"ualiBation H Sci$ntific an $n!in$$rin! !ra'&ic" H A''lication $($lo'm$nt1 Inclu in! !ra'&ical u"$r int$rfac$ *uil in! MATLAB i" an int$racti($ "#"t$m %&o"$ *a"ic ata $l$m$nt i" an arra# t&at o$" not r$4uir$ im$n"ionin!+ It allo%" #ou to "ol($ man# t$c&nical com'utin! 'ro*l$m"1 $"'$ciall# t&o"$ %it& matri. an ($ctor formulation"1 in a fraction of t&$ tim$ it %oul ta-$ to %rit$ a 'ro!ram in a "calar nonint$racti($ lan!ua!$ "uc& a" C or 2ORTRAN+ T&$ nam$ MATLAB "tan " for matri& la)oratory+ MATLAB %a" ori!inall# %ritt$n to 'ro(i $ $a"# acc$"" to matri. "oft%ar$ $($lo'$ *# t&$ LINPACN an EISPACN 'roA$ct"+ To a#1 MATLAB $n!in$" incor'orat$ t&$ LAPACN an BLAS li*rari$"1 $m*$ in! t&$ "tat$ of t&$ art in "oft%ar$ for matri. com'utation+
45
REC
SIMULINK INTRODUCTION2 Simulin- i" a !ra'&ical $.t$n"ion to MATLAB for mo $lin! an "imulation of "#"t$m"+ In Simulin-1 "#"t$m" ar$ ra%n on "cr$$n a" *locia!ram"+ Man# $l$m$nt" of *locia!ram" ar$ a(aila*l$1 "uc& a" tran"f$r function"1 "ummin! Aunction"1 $tc+1 a" %$ll a" (irtual in'ut an out'ut $(ic$" "uc& a" function !$n$rator" an o"cillo"co'$"+ Simulin- i" int$!rat$ %it& MATLAB an ata can *$ $a"il# tran"f$rr$ *$t%$$n t&$ 'ro!ram"+ In t&$"$ tutorial"1 %$ %ill a''l# Simulin- to t&$ $.am'l$" from t&$ MATLAB tutorial" to mo $l t&$ "#"t$m"1 *uil controll$r"1 an "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m"+ Simulin- i" "u''ort$ on Uni.1 Macinto"&1 an Din o%" $n(ironm$nt"C an i" inclu $ in t&$ "tu $nt ($r"ion of MATLAB for '$r"onal com'ut$r"+ T&$ i $a *$&in t&$"$ tutorial" i" t&at #ou can (i$% t&$m in on$ %in o% %&il$ runnin! Simulin- in anot&$r %in o%+ S#"t$m mo $l fil$" can *$ o%nloa $ from t&$ tutorial" an o'$n$ in Simulin-+ You %ill mo if# an
46
REC
$.t$n t&$"$ "#"t$m %&il$ l$arnin! to u"$ Simulin- for "#"t$m mo $lin!1 control1 an "imulation+ Do not confu"$ t&$ %in o%"1 icon"1 an m$nu" in t&$ tutorial" for #our actual Simulin- %in o%"+ Mo"t ima!$" in t&$"$ tutorial" ar$ not li($ / t&$# "im'l# i"'la# %&at #ou "&oul "$$ in #our o%n Simulin- %in o%"+ All Simulin- o'$ration" "&oul *$ on$ in #our Simulin- %in o%"+
1+ 5+ 6+ 4+ ;+
Startin! SimulinMo $l 2il$" Ba"ic El$m$nt" Runnin! Simulation" Buil in! S#"t$m"
S'&/'"); S"#$%")4 Simulin- i" "tart$ from t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman = MM SimulinAlt$rnati($l#1 #ou can &it t&$ Simulin- *utton at t&$ to' of t&$ MATLAB %in o% a" "&o%n *$lo%=
D&$n it "tart"1 Simulin- *rin!" u' t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# *ro%"$r+

44
REC
O'$n t&$ mo $lin! %in o% %it& N$% t&$n Mo $l from t&$ 2il$ m$nu on t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r a" "&o%n a*o($+ T&i" %ill *rin! u' a n$% untitil$ mo $lin! %in o% "&o%n *$lo%+
4;
REC
M(:.% F"%.+ In Simulin-1 a mo $l i" a coll$ction of *loc-" %&ic&1 in !$n$ral1 r$'r$"$nt" a "#"t$m+ In a ition to ra%in! a mo $l into a *lan- mo $l %in o%1 'r$(iou"l# "a($ mo $l fil$" can *$ loa $ $it&$r from t&$ 2il$ m$nu or from t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't+ You can o'$n "a($ fil$" in Simulin- *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman in t&$ MATLAB comman %in o%+ 0Alt$rnati($l#1 #ou can loa a fil$ u"in! t&$ O'$n o'tion in t&$ 2il$ m$nu in Simulin-1 or *# &ittin! CtrlTO in Simulin-+3 MM fil$nam$ T&$ follo%in! i" an $.am'l$ mo $l %in o%+
4<
REC
A n$% mo $l can *$ cr$at$ *# "$l$ctin! N$% from t&$ 2il$ m$nu in an# Simulin- %in o% 0or *# &ittin! CtrlTN3+ B&+"= E%.#.)'+ T&$r$ ar$ t%o maAor cla""$" of it$m" in Simulin-= *loc-" an lin$"+ Bloc-" ar$ u"$ to !$n$rat$1 mo if#1 com*in$1 out'ut1 an i"'la# "i!nal"+ Lin$" ar$ u"$ to tran"f$r "i!nal" from on$ *loc- to anot&$r+ B%(=4+ T&$r$ ar$ "$($ral !$n$ral cla""$" of *loc-"= Continuou" Di"continuou" Di"cr$t$ Loo-/U' Ta*l$" Mat& O'$ration" Mo $l 9$rification Mo $l/Di $ Utiliti$" Port" > Su*"#"t$m" Si!nal Attri*ut$" Si!nal Routin! Sin-"= U"$ to out'ut or i"'la# "i!nal" Sourc$"= U"$ to !$n$rat$ (ariou" "i!nal" U"$r/D$fin$ 2unction" Di"cr$t$= Lin$ar1 i"cr$t$/tim$ "#"t$m $l$m$nt" 0tran"f$r function"1 "tat$/ "'ac$ mo $l"1 $tc+3 Lin$ar= Lin$ar1 continuou"/tim$ "#"t$m $l$m$nt" an conn$ction" 0"ummin! Aunction"1 !ain"1 $tc+3 Nonlin$ar= Nonlin$ar o'$rator" 0ar*itrar# function"1 "aturation1 $la#1 $tc+3 Conn$ction"= Multi'l$.1 D$multi'l$.1 S#"t$m Macro"1 $tc+ Bloc-" &a($ B$ro to "$($ral in'ut t$rminal" an B$ro to "$($ral out'ut t$rminal"+ Unu"$ in'ut t$rminal" ar$ in icat$ *# a "mall o'$n trian!l$+ Unu"$ out'ut t$rminal" ar$ in icat$ *# a "mall trian!ular 'oint+ T&$ *loc"&o%n *$lo% &a" an unu"$ in'ut t$rminal on t&$ l$ft an an unu"$ out'ut t$rminal on t&$ ri!&t+
47
REC
L").+ Lin$" tran"mit "i!nal" in t&$ ir$ction in icat$ *# t&$ arro%+ Lin$" mu"t al%a#" tran"mit "i!nal" from t&$ out'ut t$rminal of on$ *loc- to t&$ in'ut t$rminal of anot&$r *loc-+ On$ $.c$'tion to t&i" i" a lin$ can ta' off of anot&$r lin$1 "'littin! t&$ "i!nal to $ac& of t%o $"tination *loc-"1 a" "&o%n *$lo%+
Lin$" can n$($r inA$ct a "i!nal into anot&$r lin$C lin$" mu"t *$ com*in$ t&rou!& t&$ u"$ of a *loc- "uc& a" a "ummin! Aunction+ A "i!nal can *$ $it&$r a "calar "i!nal or a ($ctor "i!nal+ 2or Sin!l$/In'ut1 Sin!l$/Out'ut "#"t$m"1 "calar "i!nal" ar$ !$n$rall# u"$ + 2or Multi/In'ut1 Multi/Out'ut "#"t$m"1 ($ctor "i!nal" ar$ oft$n u"$ 1 con"i"tin! of t%o or mor$ "calar "i!nal"+ T&$ lin$" u"$ to tran"mit "calar an ($ctor "i!nal" ar$ i $ntical+ T&$ t#'$ of "i!nal carri$ *# a lin$ i" $t$rmin$ *# t&$ *loc-" on $it&$r $n of t&$ lin$+ S"#-%. EA&#-%.
4?
REC
T&$ simple mo $l 0from t&$ mo $l fil$" "$ction3 con"i"t" of t&r$$ *loc-"= St$'1 Tran"f$r 2cn1 an Sco'$+ T&$ St$' i" a "ourc$ *loc- from %&ic& a "t$' in'ut "i!nal ori!inat$"+ T&i" "i!nal i" tran"f$rr$ t&rou!& t&$ lin$ in t&$ ir$ction in icat$ *# t&$ arro% to t&$ Tran"f$r 2unction lin$ar *loc-+ T&$ Tran"f$r 2unction mo ifi$" it" in'ut "i!nal an out'ut" a n$% "i!nal on a lin$ to t&$ Sco'$+ T&$ Sco'$ i" a "in- *loc- u"$ to i"'la# a "i!nal muc& li-$ an o"cillo"co'$+ T&$r$ ar$ man# mor$ t#'$" of *loc-" a(aila*l$ in Simulin-1 "om$ of %&ic& %ill *$ i"cu""$ lat$r+ Ri!&t no%1 %$ %ill $.amin$ Au"t t&$ t&r$$ %$ &a($ u"$ in t&$ "im'l$ mo $l+ M(:"5*"); B%(=4+ A *loc- can *$ mo ifi$ *# ou*l$/clic-in! on it+ 2or $.am'l$1 if #ou ou*l$/clic- on t&$ ETran"f$r 2cnE *loc- in t&$ simple mo $l1 #ou %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
4@
REC
T&i" ialo! *o. contain" fi$l " for t&$ num$rator an t&$ $nominator of t&$ *loc-H" tran"f$r function+ B# $nt$rin! a ($ctor containin! t&$ co$ffici$nt" of t&$ $"ir$ num$rator or $nominator 'ol#nomial1 t&$ $"ir$ tran"f$r function can *$ $nt$r$ + 2or $.am'l$1 to c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to "U5T5"T11 $nt$r t&$ follo%in! into t&$ $nominator fi$l = V1 5 1W an &it t&$ clo"$ *utton1 t&$ mo $l %in o% %ill c&an!$ to t&$ follo%in!=
%&ic& r$fl$ct" t&$ c&an!$ in t&$ $nominator of t&$ tran"f$r function+ T&$ E"t$'E *loc- can al"o *$ ou*l$/clic-$ 1 *rin!in! u' t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
;0
REC
T&$ $fault 'aram$t$r" in t&i" ialo! *o. !$n$rat$ a "t$' function occurrin! at tim$K1 "$c1 from an initial l$($l of B$ro to a l$($l of 1+ 0in ot&$r %or "1 a unit "t$' at tK13+ Eac& of t&$"$ 'aram$t$r" can *$ c&an!$ + Clo"$ t&i" ialo! *$for$ continuin!+ T&$ mo"t com'licat$ of t&$"$ t&r$$ *loc-" i" t&$ ESco'$E *loc-+ Dou*l$ clic-in! on t&i" *rin!" u' a *lan- o"cillo"co'$ "cr$$n+
;1
REC
D&$n a "imulation i" '$rform$ 1 t&$ "i!nal %&ic& f$$ " into t&$ "co'$ %ill *$ i"'la#$ in t&i" %in o%+ D$tail$ o'$ration of t&$ "co'$ %ill not *$ co($r$ in t&i" tutorial+ T&$ onl# function %$ %ill u"$ i" t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 %&ic& a''$ar" a" a 'air of *inocular" in t&$ u''$r 'ortion of t&$ %in o%+ R$))"); S"#$%&'"()+ To run a "imulation1 %$ %ill %or- %it& t&$ follo%in! mo $l fil$= "im'l$5+m l Do%nloa an o'$n t&i" fil$ in Simulin- follo%in! t&$ 'r$(iou" in"truction" for t&i" fil$+ You "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in! mo $l %in o%+
B$for$ runnin! a "imulation of t&i" "#"t$m1 fir"t o'$n t&$ "co'$ %in o% *# ou*l$/clic-in! on t&$ "co'$ *loc-+ T&$n1 to "tart t&$ "imulation1 $it&$r "$l$ct Start from t&$ Simulation m$nu 0a" "&o%n *$lo%3 or &it Ctrl/T in t&$ mo $l %in o%+
;5
REC
T&$ "imulation "&oul run ($r# 4uic-l# an t&$ "co'$ %in o% %ill a''$ar a" "&o%n *$lo%+ If it o$"nHt1 Au"t ou*l$ clic- on t&$ *loc- la*$l$ E"co'$+E
Not$ t&at t&$ "imulation out'ut 0"&o%n in #$llo%3 i" at a ($r# lo% l$($l r$lati($ to t&$ a.$" of t&$ "co'$+ To fi. t&i"1 &it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton 0*inocular"31 %&ic& %ill r$"cal$ t&$ a.$" a" "&o%n *$lo%+
Not$ t&at t&$ "t$' r$"'on"$ o$" not *$!in until tK1+ T&i" can *$ c&an!$ *# ou*l$/clic-in! on t&$ E"t$'E *loc-+ No%1 %$ %ill c&an!$ t&$ 'aram$t$r" of t&$ "#"t$m an "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m a!ain+ Dou*l$/clic- on t&$ ETran"f$r 2cnE *loc- in t&$ mo $l %in o% an c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to
;6
REC
V1 50 400W R$/run t&$ "imulation 0&it Ctrl/T3 an #ou "&oul "$$ %&at a''$ar" a" a flat lin$ in t&$ "co'$ %in o%+ ,it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 an #ou "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in! in t&$ "co'$ %in o%+
Notic$ t&at t&$ auto"cal$ *utton onl# c&an!$" t&$ ($rtical a.i"+ Sinc$ t&$ n$% tran"f$r function &a" a ($r# fa"t r$"'on"$1 it com'r$""$ into a ($r# narro% 'art of t&$ "co'$ %in o%+ T&i" i" not r$all# a 'ro*l$m %it& t&$ "co'$1 *ut %it& t&$ "imulation it"$lf+ Simulin- "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m for a full t$n "$con " $($n t&ou!& t&$ "#"t$m &a r$ac&$ "t$a # "tat$ "&ortl# aft$r on$ "$con + To corr$ct t&i"1 #ou n$$ to c&an!$ t&$ 'aram$t$r" of t&$ "imulation it"$lf+ In t&$ mo $l %in o%1 "$l$ct Param$t$r" from t&$ Simulation m$nu+ You %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
;4
REC
T&$r$ ar$ man# "imulation 'aram$t$r o'tion"C %$ %ill onl# *$ conc$rn$ %it& t&$ "tart an "to' tim$"1 %&ic& t$ll Simulin- o($r %&at tim$ '$rio to '$rform t&$ "imulation+ C&an!$ Start tim$ from 0+0 to 0+? 0"inc$ t&$ "t$' o$"nHt occur until tK1+0+ C&an!$ Sto' tim$ from 10+0 to 5+01 %&ic& "&oul *$ onl# "&ortl# aft$r t&$ "#"t$m "$ttl$"+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o. an r$run t&$ "imulation+ Aft$r &ittin! t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 t&$ "co'$ %in o% "&oul 'ro(i $ a muc& *$tt$r i"'la# of t&$ "t$' r$"'on"$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+
;;
REC
B$"%:"); S*+'.#+ In t&i" "$ction1 #ou %ill l$arn &o% to *uil "#"t$m" in Simulin- u"in! t&$ *uil in! *loc-" in Simulin-H" Bloc- Li*rari$"+ You %ill *uil t&$ follo%in! "#"t$m+
2ir"t #ou %ill !at&$r all t&$ n$c$""ar# *loc-" from t&$ *loc- li*rari$"+ T&$n #ou %ill mo if# t&$ *loc-" "o t&$# corr$"'on to t&$ *loc-" in t&$ $"ir$ mo $l+ 2inall#1 #ou %ill conn$ct t&$ *loc-" %it& lin$" to form t&$ com'l$t$ "#"t$m+ Aft$r t&i"1 #ou %ill "imulat$ t&$ com'l$t$ "#"t$m to ($rif# t&at it %or-"+ G&'8./"); B%(=4+ 2ollo% t&$ "t$'" *$lo% to coll$ct t&$ n$c$""ar# *loc-"= Cr$at$ a n$% mo $l 0N$% from t&$ 2il$ m$nu or Ctrl/N3+ You %ill !$t a *lan- mo $l %in o%+
;<
REC
Clic- on t&$ Li*rar# Bro%"$r *utton to o'$n t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r+ Clic- on t&$ Sourc$" o'tion un $r t&$ $.'an $ Simulin- titl$ to r$($al 'o""i*l$ "ourc$" for t&$ mo $l+
;7
REC
Dra! t&$ St$' *loc- from t&$ "ourc$" %in o% into t&$ l$ft "i $ of #our mo $l %in o%+
;?
REC
2rom t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r1 ra! t&$ Sum an :ain from EMat& O'$ration"E o'tion foun un $r t&$ Simulin- titl$+
S%itc& to t&$ EContinuou"E o'tion an ra! t%o in"tanc$" of t&$ Tran"f$r 2cn 0 ra! it t%o tim$"3 into #our mo $l %in o% arran!$ a''ro.imat$l# a" "&o%n *$lo%+ T&$ $.act ali!nm$nt i" not im'ortant "inc$ it can *$ c&an!$
;@
REC
lat$r+ Xu"t tr# to !$t t&$ corr$ct r$lati($ 'o"ition"+ Notic$ t&at t&$ "$con Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- &a" a 1 aft$r it" nam$+ Sinc$ no t%o *loc-" ma# &a($ t&$ "am$ nam$1 Simulin- automaticall# a''$n " num*$r" follo%in! t&$ nam$" of *loc-" to iff$r$ntiat$ *$t%$$n t&$m+
Clic- on t&$ ESin-"E o'tion t&$n ra! o($r t&$ ESco'$E icon
<0
REC
M(:"5* B%(=4+ 2ollo% t&$"$ "t$'" to 'ro'$rl# mo if# t&$ *loc-" in #our mo $l+ Dou*l$/clic- #our Sum *loc-+ Sinc$ #ou %ill %ant t&$ "$con in'ut to *$ "u*tract$ 1 $nt$r T/ into t&$ li"t of "i!n" fi$l + Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- #our :ain *loc-+ C&an!$ t&$ !ain to 5+; an clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- t&$ l$ftmo"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc-+ C&an!$ t&$ num$rator to V1 5W an t&$ $nominator to V1 0W+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- t&$ ri!&tmo"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc-+ L$a($ t&$ num$rator V1W1 *ut c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to V1 5 4W+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Your mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
<1
REC
C&an!$ t&$ nam$ of t&$ fir"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- *# clic-in! on t&$ %or " ETran"f$r 2cnE+ A *o. an an $ itin! cur"or %ill a''$ar on t&$ *loc-H" nam$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+ U"$ t&$ -$#*oar 0t&$ mou"$ i" al"o u"$ful3 to $l$t$ t&$ $.i"tin! nam$ an t#'$ in t&$ n$% nam$1 EPI Controll$rE+ Clican#%&$r$ out"i $ t&$ nam$ *o. to fini"& $ itin!+
<5
REC
Similarl#1 c&an!$ t&$ nam$ of t&$ "$con Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- from ETran"f$r 2cn1E to EPlantE+ No%1 all t&$ *loc-" ar$ $nt$r$ 'ro'$rl#+ Your mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
C()).='"); B%(=4+ 6"'8 L").+ No% t&at t&$ *loc-" ar$ 'ro'$rl# lai to!$t&$r+ 2ollo% t&$"$ "t$'"+ out1 #ou %ill no% conn$ct t&$m
Dra! t&$ mou"$ from t&$ out'ut t$rminal of t&$ St$' *loc- to t&$ u''$r 0'o"iti($3 in'ut of t&$ Sum *loc-+ L$t !o of t&$ mou"$ *utton onl# %&$n t&$ mou"$ i" ri!&t on t&$ in'ut t$rminal+ Do not %orr# a*out t&$ 'at& #ou follo% %&il$ ra!!in!1 t&$ lin$ %ill rout$ it"$lf+ You "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in!+
<6
REC
T&$ r$"ultin! lin$ "&oul &a($ a fill$ arro%&$a + If t&$ arro%&$a i" o'$n1 a" "&o%n *$lo%1 it m$an" it i" not conn$ct$ to an#t&in!+
You can continu$ t&$ 'artial lin$ #ou Au"t r$% *# tr$atin! t&$ o'$n arro%&$a a" an out'ut t$rminal an ra%in! Au"t a" *$for$+ Alt$rnati($l#1 if
<4
REC
#ou %ant to r$ ra% t&$ lin$1 or if t&$ lin$ conn$ct$ to t&$ %ron! t$rminal1 #ou "&oul $l$t$ t&$ lin$ an r$ ra% it+ To $l$t$ a lin$ 0or an# ot&$r o*A$ct31 "im'l# clic- on it to "$l$ct it1 an &it t&$ $l$t$ -$#+ Dra% a lin$ conn$ctin! t&$ Sum *loc- out'ut to t&$ :ain in'ut+ Al"o ra% a lin$ from t&$ :ain to t&$ PI Controll$r1 a lin$ from t&$ PI Controll$r to t&$ Plant1 an a lin$ from t&$ Plant to t&$ Sco'$+ You "&oul no% &a($ t&$ follo%in!+
T&$ lin$ r$mainin! to *$ ra%n i" t&$ f$$ *ac- "i!nal conn$ctin! t&$ out'ut of t&$ Plant to t&$ n$!ati($ in'ut of t&$ Sum *loc-+ T&i" lin$ i" iff$r$nt in t%o %a#"+ 2ir"t1 "inc$ t&i" lin$ loo'" aroun an o$" not "im'l# follo% t&$ "&ort$"t 0ri!&t/an!l$ 3 rout$ "o it n$$ " to *$ ra%n in "$($ral "ta!$"+ S$con 1 t&$r$ i" no out'ut t$rminal to "tart from1 "o t&$ lin$ &a" to ta' off of an $.i"tin! lin$+ To ta' off t&$ out'ut lin$1 &ol t&$ Ctrl -$# %&il$ ra!!in! t&$ mou"$ from t&$ 'oint on t&$ $.i"tin! lin$ %&$r$ #ou %ant to ta' off+ In t&i" ca"$1 "tart Au"t to t&$ ri!&t of t&$ Plant+ Dra! until #ou !$t to t&$ lo%$r l$ft corn$r of t&$ $"ir$ f$$ *ac- "i!nal lin$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+
<;
REC
No%1 t&$ o'$n arro%&$a of t&i" 'artial lin$ can *$ tr$at$ a" an out'ut t$rminal+ Dra% a lin$ from it to t&$ n$!ati($ t$rminal of t&$ Sum *loc- in t&$ u"ual mann$r+
<<
REC
No%1 #ou %ill ali!n t&$ *loc-" %it& $ac& ot&$r for a n$at$r a''$aranc$+ Onc$ conn$ct$ 1 t&$ actual 'o"ition" of t&$ *loc-" o$" not matt$r1 *ut it i" $a"i$r to r$a if t&$# ar$ ali!n$ + To mo($ $ac& *loc-1 ra! it %it& t&$ mou"$+ T&$ lin$" %ill "ta# conn$ct$ an r$/rout$ t&$m"$l($"+ T&$ mi l$" an corn$r" of lin$" can al"o *$ ra!!$ to iff$r$nt location"+ Startin! at t&$ l$ft1 ra! $ac& *loc- "o t&at t&$ lin$" conn$ctin! t&$m ar$ 'ur$l# &oriBontal+ Al"o1 a Au"t t&$ "'acin! *$t%$$n *loc-" to l$a($ room for "i!nal la*$l"+ You "&oul &a($ "om$t&in! li-$=
2inall#1 #ou %ill 'lac$ la*$l" in #our mo $l to i $ntif# t&$ "i!nal"+ To 'lac$ a la*$l an#%&$r$ in #our mo $l1 ou*l$ clic- at t&$ 'oint #ou %ant t&$ la*$l to *$+ Start *# ou*l$ clic-in! a*o($ t&$ lin$ l$a in! from t&$ St$' *loc-+ You %ill !$t a *lan- t$.t *o. %it& an $ itin! cur"or a" "&o%n *$lo%
<7
REC
T#'$ an r in t&i" *o.1 la*$lin! t&$ r$f$r$nc$ "i!nal an clic- out"i $ it to $n $ itin!+ La*$l t&$ $rror 0$3 "i!nal1 t&$ control 0u3 "i!nal1 an t&$ out'ut 0#3 "i!nal in t&$ "am$ mann$r+ Your final mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
<?
REC
To "a($ #our mo $l1 "$l$ct Sa($ A" in t&$ 2il$ m$nu an t#'$ in an# $"ir$ mo $l nam$+ S"#$%&'"() No% t&at t&$ mo $l i" com'l$t$1 #ou can "imulat$ t&$ mo $l+ S$l$ct Start from t&$ Simulation m$nu to run t&$ "imulation+ Dou*l$/clic- on t&$ Sco'$ *loc- to (i$% it" out'ut+ ,it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton 0*inocular"3 an #ou "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in!+
T&4"); @&/"&<%.+ 5/(# MATLAB In "om$ ca"$"1 'aram$t$r"1 "uc& a" !ain1 ma# *$ calculat$ in MATLAB to *$ u"$ in a Simulin- mo $l+ If t&i" i" t&$ ca"$1 it i" not n$c$""ar# to $nt$r t&$ r$"ult of t&$ MATLAB calculation ir$ctl# into Simulin-+ 2or $.am'l$1 "u''o"$ %$ calculat$ t&$ !ain in MATLAB in t&$ (aria*l$ N+ Emulat$ t&i" *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman at t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't+ NK5+; T&i" (aria*l$ can no% *$ u"$ in t&$ Simulin- :ain *loc-+ In #our Simulinmo $l1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ :ain *loc- an $nt$r t&$ follo%in! in t&$ :ain fi$l + N
<@
REC
Clo"$ t&i" ialo! *o.+ Notic$ no% t&at t&$ :ain *loc- in t&$ Simulin- mo $l "&o%" t&$ (aria*l$ N rat&$r t&an a num*$r+
No%1 #ou can r$/run t&$ "imulation an (i$% t&$ out'ut on t&$ Sco'$+ T&$ r$"ult "&oul *$ t&$ "am$ a" *$for$+
70
REC
No%1 if an# calculation" ar$ on$ in MATLAB to c&an!$ an# of t&$ (aria*l$" u"$ in t&$ Simulin- mo $l1 t&$ "imulation %ill u"$ t&$ n$% (alu$" t&$ n$.t tim$ it i" run+ To tr# t&i"1 in MATLAB1 c&an!$ t&$ !ain1 N1 *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! at t&$ comman 'rom't+ NK; Start t&$ Simulin- "imulation a!ain1 *rin! u' t&$ Sco'$ %in o%1 an &it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton+ You %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! out'ut %&ic& r$fl$ct" t&$ n$%1 &i!&$r !ain+
71
REC
B$"i $" (aria*l$"1 "i!nal" an $($n $ntir$ "#"t$m" can *$ $.c&an!$ *$t%$$n MATLAB an Simulin-
S"#$%&'"() $+"); MAT LAB2 EAN( 2 15 S"#$%&'"() (5 S-/"); M&++ S*+'.# 7/"'"); M&'%&< F$)='"()+2 D&#-.: +-/"); +*+'.# In t&i" $.am'l$1 %$ %ill cr$at$ a Simulin- mo $l for a ma"" attac&$ to a "'rin! %it& a lin$ar am'in! forc$+
A ma"" on a "'rin! %it& a ($locit#/ $'$n ant am'in! forc$ an a tim$/ $'$n ant forc$ actin! u'on it %ill *$&a($ accor in! to t&$ follo%in! $4uation=
T&$ mo $l %ill *$ form$ aroun t&i" $4uation+ In t&i" $4uation1 HmH i" t&$ $4ui(al$nt ma"" of t&$ "#"t$mC HcH i" t&$ am'in! con"tantC an H-H i" t&$ con"tant for t&$ "tiffn$"" of t&$ "'rin!+ 2ir"t %$ %ant to r$arran!$ t&$ a*o($ $4uation "o t&at it i" in t$rm" of acc$l$rationC t&$n %$ %ill int$!rat$ to !$t t&$ $.'r$""ion" for ($locit# an 'o"ition+ R$arran!in! t&$ $4uation to accom'li"& t&i"1 %$ !$t=
75
REC
To *uil t&$ mo $l1 %$ "tart %it& a H"t$'H *loc- an a H!ainH *loc-+ T&$ !ain *loc- r$'r$"$nt" t&$ ma""1 %&ic& %$ %ill *$ $4ual to ;+ D$ al"o -no% t&at %$ %ill n$$ to int$!rat$ t%ic$1 t&at %$ %ill n$$ to a t&$"$ $4uation" to!$t&$r1 an t&at t&$r$ ar$ t%o mor$ con"tant" to con"i $r+ T&$ am'in! con"tant HcH %ill act on t&$ ($locit#1 t&at i"1 aft$r t&$ fir"t int$!ration1 an t&$ con"tant H-H %ill act on t&$ 'o"ition1 or aft$r t&$ "$con int$!ration+ L$t c K 0+6; an l$t - K 0+;+ La#in! all t&$"$ *loc- out to !$t an i $a of &o% to 'ut t&$m to!$t&$r1 %$ !$t=
B# loo-in! at t&$ $4uation in t$rm" of acc$l$ration1 it i" cl$ar t&at t&$ am'in! t$rm an "'rin! t$rm ar$ "umm$ n$!ati($l#1 %&il$ t&$ ma"" t$rm i" "till 'o"iti($+ To a 'lac$" an c&an!$ "i!n" of t$rm" *$in! "umm$ 1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ "um function *loc- an $ it t&$ li"t of "i!n"=
76
REC
Onc$ %$ &a($ a $ 'lac$" an corr$ct$ t&$ "i!n" for t&$ "um *loc-1 %$ n$$ onl# conn$ct t&$ lin$" to t&$ir a''ro'riat$ 'lac$"+ To *$ a*l$ to "$$ %&at i" &a''$nin! %it& t&i" "'rin! "#"t$m1 %$ a a H"co'$H *loc- an a it a" follo%"=
74
REC
T&$ (alu$" of HmH1 HcH an H-H can *$ alt$r$ to t$"t ca"$" of un $r/ am'in!1 critical/ am'in! an o($r/ am'in!+ To accurat$l# u"$ t&$ "co'$1 ri!&t/clict&$ !ra'& an "$l$ct EAuto"cal$E+ T&$ m l/fil$ can no% *$ "a($ + T&$ follo%in! i" a "am'l$ out'ut %&$n t&$ mo $l i" run for 60 it$ration"+
7;
REC
7<
REC
EANO216 S"#$%&'"() (5 A"/-=():"'"()"); (5 & 8($+. Air Con itionin! of a ,ou"$= Simulation of Room ,$at$r T&i" illu"trat$" &o% %$ can u"$ Simulin- to cr$at$ t&$ Air Con itionin! of a &ou"$ / Room ,$at$r+ T&i" "#"t$m $'$n " on t&$ out oor $n(ironm$nt1 t&$ t&$rmal c&aract$ri"tic" of t&$ &ou"$1 an t&$ &ou"$ &$atin! "#"t$m+ T&$ airYcon ition1+m fil$ initialiB$" ata in t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$+ To ma-$ c&an!$"1 %$ can $ it t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$ ir$ctl# or $ it t&$ m/fil$ an r$/loa t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$+ O'$nin! t&$ Mo $l In t&$ MATLAB %in o%1 loa t&$ mo $l *# $.$cutin! t&$ follo%in! co $ 0"$l$ct t&$ co $ an 'r$"" 2@ to $(aluat$ "$l$ction3+ m lKZairYcon ition01ZC o'$nY"#"t$m0m l3C T&$ ,ou"$ ,$atin! Mo $l M(:.% I)"'"&%"I&'"() D&$n t&$ mo $l i" o'$n$ 1 it loa " t&$ information a*out t&$ &ou"$ from t&$ airYcon ition1+m fil$+ T&$ M/fil$ o$" t&$ follo%in!= D$fin$" t&$ &ou"$ !$om$tr# 0"iB$1 num*$r of %in o%"3 S'$cifi$" t&$ t&$rmal 'ro'$rti$" of &ou"$ mat$rial" Calculat$" t&$ t&$rmal r$"i"tanc$ of t&$ &ou"$ Pro(i $" t&$ &$at$r c&aract$ri"tic" 0t$m'$ratur$ of t&$ &ot air1 flo%/ rat$3 D$fin$" t&$ co"t of $l$ctricit# 0R"+4+00)-D&r3 S'$cifi$" t&$ initial room t$m'$ratur$ 010 $!+ C$l"iu" K ;0 $!+ 2a&r$n&$it3 Not$= Tim$ i" !i($n in unit" of &our"+ C$rtain 4uantiti$"1 li-$ air flo%/rat$1 ar$ $.'r$""$ '$r &our 0not '$r "$con 3+ M(:.% C(#-().)'+ S.' P(")'
77
REC
ES$t PointE i" a con"tant *loc-+ It "'$cifi$" t&$ t$m'$ratur$ t&at mu"t *$ maintain$ in oor"+ It i" "$t at ?< $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it %&ic& i" $4ual to 60 $!r$$" C$nti!ra $+ B# $fault+ T$m'$ratur$" ar$ !i($n in 2a&r$n&$it1 *ut t&$n ar$ con($rt$ to C$l"iu" to '$rform t&$ calculation"+ T8./#(+'&' ET&$rmo"tatE i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at contain" a R$la# *loc-+ T&$ t&$rmo"tat allo%" fluctuation" of ; $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it a*o($ or *$lo% t&$ $"ir$ room t$m'$ratur$+ If air t$m'$ratur$ ro'" *$lo% ?1 $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it1 t&$ t&$rmo"tat turn" on t&$ &$at$r+ D$ can "$$ t&$ T&$rmo"tat "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H)T&$rmo"tatHW3C H.&'./ E,$at$rE i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at &a" a con"tant air flo% rat$1 EM otE1 %&ic& i" "'$cifi$ in t&$ airYcon ition+m M/fil$+ T&$ t&$rmo"tat "i!nal turn" t&$ &$at$r on or off+ D&$n t&$ &$at$r i" on1 it *lo%" &ot air at t$m'$ratur$ T,$at$r 0;0 $!r$$" C$l"iu" K 155 $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it *# $fault3 at a con"tant flo% rat$ of M ot 01-!)"$c K 6<00-!)&r *# $fault3+ T&$ &$at flo% into t&$ room i" $.'r$""$ *# t&$ E4uation 1+ E4uation 1= 0 [) t3 K 0T &$at$r \ Troom3]M ot]c %&$r$ c i" t&$ &$at ca'acit# of air at con"tant 'r$""ur$+ D$ can "$$ t&$ ,$at$r "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H),$at$rHW3C C(+' C&%=$%&'(/ ECo"t CalculatorE i" a :ain *loc-+ ECo"t CalculatorE int$!rat$" t&$ &$at flo% o($r tim$ an multi'li$" it *# t&$ $n$r!# co"t+ T&$ co"t of &$atin! i" 'lott$ in t&$ EPlotR$"ult"E "co'$+ H($+. E,ou"$E i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at calculat$" room t$m'$ratur$ (ariation"+ It ta-$" into con"i $ration t&$ &$at flo% from t&$ &$at$r an &$at lo""$" to t&$ $n(ironm$nt+ ,$at lo""$" an t&$ t$m'$ratur$ tim$ $ri(ati($ ar$ $.'r$""$ *# E4uation 5+ E4uation 5 0 [) t3lo""$" K0Troom \ Tout3 ) R$4 %&$r$ R$4 i" t&$ $4ui(al$nt t&$rmal r$"i"tanc$ of t&$ &ou"$+
7?
REC
D$ can "$$ t&$ ,ou"$ "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H),ou"$HW3C M(:.%"); '8. E)?"/()#.)' D$ mo $l t&$ $n(ironm$nt a" a &$at "in- %it& infinit$ &$at ca'acit# an tim$ (ar#in! t$m'$ratur$ Tout+ T&$ con"tant *loc- EA(! Out oor T$m'E "'$cifi$" t&$ a($ra!$ air t$m'$ratur$ out oor"+ T&$ EDail# T$m' 9ariationE Sin$ Da($ *loc- !$n$rat$" ail# t$m'$ratur$ fluctuation" of out oor t$m'$ratur$+ D$ can (ar# t&$"$ 'aram$t$r" an "$$ &o% t&$# aff$ct t&$ &$atin! co"t"+ R$))"); '8. S"#$%&'"() &): @"+$&%"I"); '8. R.+$%'+ D$ can run t&$ "imulation an (i"ualiB$ t&$ r$"ult"+ O'$n t&$ EPlotR$"ult"E "co'$ to (i"ualiB$ t&$ r$"ult"+ T&$ &$at co"t an in oor ($r"u" out oor t$m'$ratur$" ar$ 'lott$ on t&$ "co'$+ T&$ t$m'$ratur$ out oor (ari$" "inu"oi all#1 %&$r$a" t&$ in oor" t$m'$ratur$ i" maintain$ %it&in ; $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it of ES$t PointE+ Tim$ a.i" i" la*$l$ in &our"+ $(alc0H"im0m l3H3C o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l H)PlotR$"ult"HW31 R$mar-" T&i" 'articular mo $l i" $"i!n$ to calculat$ t&$ &$atin! co"t" onl#+ If t&$ t$m'$ratur$ of t&$ out"i $ air i" &i!&$r t&an t&$ room t$m'$ratur$1 t&$ room t$m'$ratur$ %ill $.c$$ t&$ $"ir$ ES$t Point8+
7@
REC
EANO2 1D CAM &): FOLLO7ER SYSTEM A cam an follo%$r "#"t$m i" "#"t$m)m$c&ani"m t&at u"$" a cam an follo%$r to cr$at$ a "'$cific motion+ T&$ cam i" in mo"t ca"$" m$r$l# a flat 'i$c$ of m$tal t&at &a" &a an unu"ual "&a'$ or 'rofil$ mac&in$ onto it+ T&i" cam i" attac&$ to a "&aft %&ic& $na*l$" it to *$ turn$ *# a''l#in! a turnin! action to t&$ "&aft+ A" t&$ cam rotat$" it i" t&$ 'rofil$ or "&a'$ of t&$ cam t&at cau"$" t&$ follo%$r to mo($ in a 'articular %a#+ T&$ mo($m$nt of t&$ follo%$r i" t&$n tran"mitt$ to anot&$r m$c&ani"m or anot&$r 'art of t&$ m$c&ani"m+
E.aminin! t&$ ia!ram "&o%n a*o($ %$ can "$$ t&at a" "om$ $.t$rnal turnin! forc$ i" a''li$ to t&$ "&aft 0for $.am'l$= *# motor or *# &an 3 t&$ cam rotat$" %it& it+ T&$ follo%$r i" fr$$ to mo($ in t&$ Y 'lan$ *ut i" una*l$ to mo($ in t&$ ot&$r t%o "o a" t&$ lo*$ of t&$ cam 'a""$" t&$ $ !$ of t&$ follo%$r it cau"$" t&$ follo%$r to mo($ u'+ T&$n "om$ $.t$rnal o%n%ar forc$ 0u"uall# a "'rin! an !ra(it#3 'u"&$" t&$ follo%$r o%n ma-in! it -$$' contact %it& t&$ cam+ T&i" $.t$rnal forc$ i" n$$ $ to -$$' t&$ follo%$r in contact %it& t&$ cam 'rofil$+ Di"'lac$m$nt Dia!ram"=
?0
REC
Di"'lac$m$nt ia!ram" ar$ m$r$l# a 'lot of t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" 0 i"tanc$"3+ T&$"$ t%o i"'alc$m$nt" ar$= 1+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r an 5+ t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt 0 i"tanc$3 rotat$ *# t&$ cam
In t&$ ia!ram "&o%n o''o"it$ %$ can "$$ t&$ t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&$ t%o iff$r$nt arro%"+ T&$ !r$$n arro% r$'r$"$ntin! t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r i+$+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r+ T&$ mu"tar arro% 0cur($ arro%3 "&o%" t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt tra($ll$ *# t&$ cam+
Not$= An!ular rotat$ +
i"'lac$m$nt i" t&$ an!l$ t&rou!& %&ic& t&$ cam &a"
If %$ $.amin$ t&$ ia!ram "&o%n *$lo% %$ can "$$ t&$ r$lation"&i' *$t%$$n a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram an t&$ actual 'rofil$ of t&$ cam+ Not$ onl# &alf of t&$ i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram i" ra%n *$cau"$ t&$ "$con &alf of t&$ ia!ram i" t&$ "am$ a" t&$ fir"t+ T&$ ia!ram i" corr$ct from a t&$or$tical 'oint of (i$% *ut %oul &a($ to c&an!$ "li!&tl# if t&$ cam %a" to *$ actuall# ma $ an u"$ + D$ %ill con"i $r t&i" a littl$ mor$ in t&$ t&$ follo%in! "$ction / Uniform 9$locit#+
?1
REC
Uniform 9$locit#= Uniform 9$locit# m$an" tra($llin! at a con"tant "'$$ in a fi.$ ir$ction an a" lon! a" t&$ "'$$ or ir$ction onHt c&an!$ t&$n it" uniform ($locit#+ In r$lation to cam an follo%$r "#"t$m"1 uniform ($locit# r$f$r" to t&$ motion of t&$ follo%$r+ No% l$tH" con"i $r a t#'ical i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram %&ic& i" m$r$l# a 'lot of t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" 0 i"tanc$"3+ T&$"$ t%o i"'lac$m$nt" ar$= 1+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r an 5+ t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt 0 i"tanc$3 of t&$ cam L$t u" con"i $r t&$ ca"$ of a cam im'artin! a uniform ($locit# on a follo%$r o($r a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm for t&$ fir"t &alf of it" c#cl$+ D$ "&all ta-$ t&$ c#cl$ in "t$'"+ 2ir"tl# if t&$ cam &a" to im'art a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm on follo%$r o($r &alf it" c#cl$ t&$n it mu"t im'art a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm^1?0Q for $($r# 1Q turn$ *# t&$ cam i+$+ it mu"t mo($ t&$ follo%$r 0+1<7mm '$r $!r$$ turn+ T&i" i"tanc$ i" to muc& to "mall to ra% on a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram "o %$ %ill con"i $r t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ "tart1 at t&$ $n of t&$ &alf c#cl$1 t&$ $n of t&$ full c#cl$ an at c$rtain ot&$r int$r(al" 0t&$"$ int$r(al" or t&$ l$n!t& of t&$"$ int$r(al" %ill *$ $ci $ on lat$r3+
?5
REC
S'&/' (5 '8. C*=%. E): (5 5"/+' H&%5 (5 '8. 1?0Q C*=%. E): (5 '8. F$%% C*=%. 6<0Q
A);%. '8. =&# /('&'.: '8/($;8 0Q
8&+ D"+'&)=. #(?.: <* '8. 5(%%(6./ 0mm 60mm 0mm
D$ "&all con"i $r t&i" in t$rm" of a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram= 2ir"t %$ %ill 'lot t&$ !ra'&+ B$for$ oin! t&i" %$ mu"t fir"t con"i $r t&$ incr$m$nt" t&at %$ %ill u"$+ D$ %ill u"$ millim$t$r" for t&$ follo%$r i"'lac$m$nt incr$m$nt" an *$cau"$ 1Q i" too "mall %$ %ill u"$ incr$m$nt" of 60Q for t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt+ Onc$ t&i" i" on$ t&$n %$ can ra% t&$ i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram a" "&o%n *$lo%+ Not$ a "trai!&t lin$ from t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ "tart of t&$ motion to t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ $n of t&$ motion r$'r$"$nt" uniform ($locit#+ D"+-%&=.#.)' D"&;/&# 5(/ U)"5(/# @.%(="'*
Sim'l$ ,armonic Motion= 2or t&i" t#'$ of motion t&$ follo%$r i"'lac$m$nt o$" not c&an!$ at a con"tant rat$+ In ot&$r %or " t&$ follo%$r o$"nHt tra($l at con"tant "'$$ + T&$ *$"t %a# to un $r"tan t&i" non/uniform motion i" to ima!in$ a "im'l$ '$n ulum "%in!in!+
Uniform Acc$l$ration an R$tar ation= T&i" motion i" u"$ %&$r$ t&$ follo%$r i" r$4uir$ to ri"$ or fall %it& uniform acc$l$ration1 t&at i" it" ($locit# i" c&an!in! at a con"tant rat$+
?6
REC
To conclu $ t&i"= A cam can im'art t&r$$ t#'$" of motion on it" follo%$r= Uniform ($locit# Sim'l$ &armonic motion Uniform acc$l$ration an r$tar ation
Eac& of t&$"$ motion" can *$ r$'r$"$nt$ *# a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram+
?4
REC
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Ansys Lab Manual

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RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

THANDALAM, CHENNAI- 602105

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB MANUAL

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LABORATORY

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

What is Solid Works Simulation

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

Fundamental steps in an FEA pro!ect

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

A closer look at finite elements

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

What is calculated in FEA

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

.o" to interpret FEA results

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

EA! N(2 1 AIM2

S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 <.&#+ 0Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 Cantil$($r > 2i.$ $n "3

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

EA! N(2 2 Aim:

S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & R.='&);$%&/ -%&'. 6"'8 ="/=$%&/ 8(%.+

P K 50-N Uniforml# i"tri*ut$

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

;000N 1;0mm <0Q

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

Analysis of the solid model Simulation Module:

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

M(:. 5/.C$.)=* &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2 D =(#-().)'

M(:. 5/.C$.)=* &)&%*+"+ (5 <.&#+ ,C&)'"%.?./, S"#-%* S$--(/'.:, F"A.: .):+0

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

H&/#()"= &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'

T8./#&% +'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

C():$='"?. 8.&' '/&)+5./ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'

C()?.='"?. 8.&' '/&)+5./ &)&%*+"+ (5 & 2D =(#-().)'

ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB

M(:. 5/.C$.)=* &)&%+"+ (5 <.&#+ ,C&)'"%.?./, S"#-% S$--(/'.:, F"A.: .):+0

D&$n it "tart"1 Simulin- rin!" u' t&$ Simulin- Lirar# *ro%"$r+

Eac& of t&$"$ motion" can $ r$'r$"$nt$ # a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram+