KateCerully

PhDPreCandidate GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology

1)Backgroundand Motivation 2)CaseStudy

Objectives Methodology Results Limitations

4)Conclusionsand Recommendations

Background And Motivation

Morethan6million people 18counties Morethan2/5ofCAs landarea 450milesinlength 40to60mileswide SanJoaquinValley(SJV) isthoughttobethemost productiveagricultural regionintheU.S.
Photo:2004MatthewTrump

JustaglimpseofHarrisRanch,thelargest meatlotwestoftheMississippiRiver!

RankedfirstinU.S.milk productionin2006 SJVishometoabout2.5+ millioncattle InAugust2005,theSJVAir PollutionControlDistrict issuedareportidentifying dairiesasamainsourceof volatileorganic compounds(VOCs)and fineparticulatematterin thevalley

For20years,mostimportantairpollutionsources fromdairieswerethoughttobemanureandstorage lagoons RowlandBlakeGrouphasfoundthatethanol, methanol,acetone,andacetaldehydeareproducedin majorquantitiesthroughouttheSJVasbyproductsof yeastfermentationofsilageandphotochemical oxidation

FreeStalls ExercisePens SilagePiles FoodStorage Treatment Lagoon

SilagePiles

SJVclassifiedbytheU.S.EPAasaseriousnonattainment areafortheeighthourfederalozonestandard

VOCs

NO

OxygenatesplayanimportantroleinO3 formationwithin thevalley

Oxygenate Ethanol Methanol Acetone Acetaldehyde

MIR(gO3/gC) 1.69 0.71 0.43 6.84

Lifetime 4days 16days 16days 11hours

MIRvalues:Carter(1998) Lifetimes:SeinfeldandPandis (1998)

CaseStudy

Compareethanol,methanol,andmethane concentrationsfromaircraft,dairyperimeter,andgrid samplesinordertoinvestigatethefollowing: 1)Aredairyfarmsilagepilesgreatlyinfluencing concentrationsseenthroughoutthevalley? 2)Howdotheperimetersamplescomparewith thegriddata?

PerimeterStudy: July23,2009 GridStudy: July24,2009

Flight1: July22,2009 Flight2: July24,2009

Sampleswereanalyzedusinggaschromatography intheRowlandBlakeLab
FlameIonizationDetector ElectronCapture MassSpectrometer

1 - SARPSOURCE #2 [modified by Melissa Yang, 7 peaks manually assigned] 14.45 2 - SARPSOURCE #9 [modified by Melissa Yang, 3 peaks manually assigned] mV

BF7990 BF6201A

Int_Chan_5 Int_Chan_5

13.00

12.00

11.00

10.00

9.00

8.00 9* - Isoprene (B) - 10.482 10 - 10.553 11 - 10.624

4* - acetaldehyde (B) - 7.696 5* - n-Butane (B) - 7.739

1* - Propene (B) - 4.511

2* - Propane (B) - 4.657

7.00

6.00

2 1 4.67 4.26

3* - CH3Cl (B) - 5.976

12* - 2,2-Dimethylbutane (B) - 11.125 min 11.00 11.40

6* - Methanol (B) - 8.695

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

7* - Ethanol (B) - 9.863

10.00

8* - acetone (B) - 10.070

10.50

FigureCourtesyofMelissaYang

Compareethanol,methanol,andmethane concentrationsfromaircraft,dairyperimeter,andgrid samplesinordertoinvestigatethefollowing: 1)Aredairyfarmsilagepilesgreatlyinfluencing concentrationsseenthroughoutthevalley? 2)Howdotheperimetersamplescomparewith thegriddata?

14000

AirplaneSampleTakenUnder1500ft UpwindGridSample DownwindGridSample

MethanolConcentration(pptv)

12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1.600

1.700

1.800

1.900

2.000

2.100

2.200

MethaneConcentration(ppmv)

12000

AirplaneSampleTakenUnder1500ft UpwindGridSample DownwindGridSample

EthanolConcentration(pptv)

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1.600

1.700

1.800

1.900

2.000

2.100

2.200

2.300

MethaneConcentration(ppmv)

Surroundingarea containsmany dairies(allof whichcan influence peripheralcans) Winddirection andspeeds variable Noteveryfarm hassilagepiles

Compareethanol,methanol,andmethane concentrationsfromaircraft,dairyperimeter,andgrid samplesinordertoinvestigatethefollowing: 1)Aredairyfarmsilagepilesgreatlyinfluencing concentrationsseenthroughoutthevalley? 2)Howdotheperimetersamplescomparewith thegriddata?

MethanolConcentration(pptv)

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1.600

UpwindPerimeterSample DownwindPerimeterSample GridSample

1.700

1.800

1.900

2.000

2.100

2.200

MethaneConcentration(ppmv)

14000
EthanolConcentration(pptv)

12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1.600

UpwindPerimeterSample DownwindPerimeterSample GridSample

1.700

1.800

1.900

2.000

2.100

2.200

MethaneConcentration(ppmv)

SilagepilesarecontributingoxygenatestotheCentral ValleyAirBasin Methanolandethanolconcentrationstakenfrom dairyperimetersamplesareconsistentwith concentrationsseenwithintheboundarylayer

PerimeterSamplesonhighendofconcentrations

Gridstudyshowsthatemissionsevenhigherthanour casestudydairyexist

Locateamoresecludedfarmforfuturestudies Carefullydocumentwinddirectionandduration
Samplesmayneedtobeobtainedonadifferentday

Comparesamplestakenaroundfarmswithand withoutsilage

MelissaYang,Dr.Don Blake,Dr.Sherwood Rowlandandtherestof theRowlandBlake ResearchGroup UCI

NSERC NASA FellowSARPStudents Nenes ResearchGroup