Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M
uch has been said about concrete and its wide range of usage in the construction field, but all too little has been said of the cost of labor for the installation of this important material. It is absurd simply to say that a unit or block of work is worth so many dollars because it cost your company a certain price for the same type of work on a previous project of the same nature. To the limited field of literature on the subject of labor units for the placement of concrete, a comprehensive new book has been added: Estimators General Construction Manhour Manual, compiled by John S. Page, and published by the Gulf Publishing Company of Houston, Texas. It covers, among other things, the placement of concrete in various forms and under va ri o u s conditions. This comprehensive information provides an authoritative source of data on labor units in manhours that will prove valuable to the general construction contractor, as well as architectural, engineering and plant personnel concerned with construction labor cost. As an estimating tool there are two features which particularly contribute to this book: (1) It covers practically every type of concrete construction that will be encountered on residential, commercial and industrial building including forms, reinforcing steel, and concrete placement. (2) Each table of manhour units contains adequate explanations of the specific operations covered. By special permission of the publishers, Concrete Construction is privileged to present a portion of the manhour unit data relating to its field. the crews The six classifications of production elements are: general economy, project supervision, labor relations, job conditions, equipment conditions and weather conditions. Using the scale indicated by the five numbered ranges above, the estimator evaluates each of the six factors in percentages and obtains the average of these six percentages in order to determine the overall productivity efficiency of his crews on the particular project under consideration. As an example let us assume that the estimator rates these six production elements as follows: 1. General Economy 75% 2. Project Supervision 3. Labor Relations 4. Job Conditions 5. Equipment 6. Weather 70% 65% 60% 70% 50%
PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS
To intelligently use the manhour unit data presented in these tables, the user must give consideration to several factors that tend to affect the productive efficiency of his crews as compared to the productive efficiency of the crews upon whose efforts the table units are based. To assist the user in making these adjustments, the author reports that the tables are based upon a productivity efficiency rate of 70 percent, which he considers average. As a guide to the basis he used in arriving at this percentage, he classifies productivity efficiency into five ranges as follows: 1. Very Low 10- 40% 2. Low 3. Average 4. Very Good 41- 60% 61- 80% 81- 90%
Total 390% Since there are six elements involved, we must now divide the total percentage by the number of elements to arrive at an average percentage of productivity: 390 percent 6 = 65 percent average productivity efficiency. As previously mentioned, the manhour tables are based on an average productivity efficiency of 70 percent; thus these units would have to be increased 5 percent above the tabulated values in order to be applicable to the project under consideration.
5. Excellent 91-100% Before an overall productivity efficiency is obtained, the estimator must first arrive at estimates of six important production elements that will affect the efficiency of
CREW FOR COMPOSITE RATE: One General Foreman One Foreman Five Carpenters Two Laborers One Truck Driver Total for 60 hours
$214.32
2 hours @ $3.94$ 7.88 8 hours @ $3.69$ 29.52 8 hours @ $3.44$137.60 8 hours @ $1.95$ 31.20 4 hours @ $2.03$ 8.12 $214.32
For the project under consideration, with the productivity efficiency rated at 65 percent, the manhour rate would be evaluated by multiplying $3.572 by 1.05, which equals $3.75: composite rate for 65 percent productivity. Simply by multiplying the number of manhours estimated for a given block or item of work by the arrived at composite rate, a total estimated direct labor cost, in dollar value, can easily and accurately be obtained, whether it be now or ten years from now and for any geographical location in the world.
The labor unit tables on this and the following pages are reprinted from Estimators General Construction Manhour Tables copyrighted 1961 by Gulf Publishg Company, Box 2608, Houston 1, Texas.
Manhours
Carpenter
Laborer
Total
Foundation or Basement Walls Fabricate .038 Erect .042 Strip & clean .007 Total .082 Tilt-Up Walls Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Using 2X4 Lumber Clamps Fabricate .030 Erect .026 Strip & clean .008 Total .064 Using Metal Clamps Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total
Manhours
Item
Carpenter
Laborer
Total
Foundation Walls to 8' High Erect & brace .053 Strip & clean .011 Total .064 Foundation Walls 8' to 12' High Erect & brace Strip & clean Total .051 .010 .061
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .003 .003 .006 Total
Walls Ground to 8' High Erect & Brace Strip & clean Total Walls 8' to 16' High Erect & Brace Strip & clean Total Walls 16' to 20' High Erect & Brace Strip & clean Total
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .002 .002 .004 Total
Re-Use Factors
Re-use factor manhours are average for the minor replacement or repair of all types of wood forming. The manhours shown should be substituted for the initial fabrication manhours for all form work, in accordance with its estimated re-uses. If major repairs are required for reuse of form work, it should be charged at initial fabrication cost for that particular type of form work. Manhours Item Repairs First Re-use Repairs Second Re-use Repairs Third Re-use Repairs Subsequent Re-uses Oiling after each use Carpenter .01 .02 .03 .04 Laborer .003 .004 .006 .007 .005 Total .013 .024 .036 .047 .005
Manhours Item Laborer Carpenter Oper. Engr. .03 .03 Oiler Total
Footings
MANHOURS PER CUBIC YARD Manhours include complete placement and vibration of concrete for the items listed. Manhours in this and following tables do not include necessary craft stand-by time, fabrication of special ramps or finishing of concrete.
Continuous Wall Type Chute Buggies Crane & bucket Conveyor & buggy Spread Type Footings Chute Buggies Crane & bucket Conveyor & buggy Heavy Mat or Pile Cap Chute Buggies Crane & Bucket
.03 .03
.03
.04
.03 .03
.06
.05
.06
.06
Manhours Item Grade Beams Chute Buggies Crane & bucket Conveyor & buggy Laborer Carpenter Oper. Engr. _ .03 .07 Oiler Total
.04
.03
Foundation or Basement Walls Chute .55 Buggies 1.00 Crane & bucket .99 Conveyor & buggy 1.00
.04
.04 .07
.04
Manhours
Piers
MANHOURS PER CUBIC YARD Manhours include set-up time and the placement and vibration of concrete for square and round piers as described. Additional allowance has been given to the placement of concrete in round piers due to the fact that additional care must be taken in this type of formwork.
Item Square Piers Chute Buggies Crane & bucket Conveyor & buggy Round Piers Chute Buggies Crane & bucket Conveyor & buggy
Laborer
Carpenter
Oiler Total
.05
.06
.05
.06 .11
.06
Manhours Item Walls Ground to 8' High Hoist & buggies Crane & bucket Crane, bucket & buggies Conveyor & buggies Walls 8' to 16' High Hoist & buggies Crane & bucket Crane, bucket & buggies Walls 16' to 20' High Hoist & buggies Crane & bucket Crane, bucket & buggies Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .07 .09 Total
.07 .09
.07 .09
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Exterior Columns Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total Interior Columns Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total
Manhours Item 12" Round Fabricate & erect Strip Total 24" Round Fabricate & erect Strip Total 30" Round Fabricate & erect Strip Total 36" Round Fabricate & erect Strip Total Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Radial Walls to 4' High Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total Radial Walls 4' to 12' High Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total Retaining Wall to 10' High Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total
Columns
MANHOURS PER CUBIC YARD Manhours are for the placing and vibrating of the listed types of columns. Additional allowance has been given to the placement of round columns due to the fact that additional care must be taken in this type of formwork. Manhours do not include craft standby time, the fabrication, installation and dismantling of hoist or the finishing of concrete.
Item Exterior Square Columns Hoist & buggies Crane, bucket & buggies Interior Square Columns Hoist & buggies Crane, bucket & buggies Round Columns (Interior) Hoist & buggies Crane, bucket & buggies Column Caps Hoist & buggies Crane, bucket & buggies
Laborer
Oiler r .08
Total
1.43 .99
1.57 1.15
1.79 1.24
.16 .10
.10
1.95 1.44
1.87 1.30
.17 .11
.11
2.04 1.52
2.40 1.95
.15 .12
.12
2.55 2.19
Manhours Item Pre-Cast Panels 6" Thick Place Concrete Finish & Cure Erect Panels Laborer Cement Finisher .015 Iron Worker .120 Total
.147 .002
Manhours Item Square Beams Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total Shored Beam & Girder Fabricate Erect Strip & clean Total Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 Total
Hung from Steelbeam & Girder Fabricate .027 Erect .073 Strip & clean .014 Total .114
Item
Laborer
Carpenter
Oiler Total
.55 .65
.04
.07
.59 .79
Radial Walls 4' to 12' High Crane & bucket .85 Conveyor .70 Retaining Wall to 10' High Crane & Bucket 1.10 Conveyor .90
.09 .07
.09
1.03 .77
Manhours
.10 .09
.10
1.30 .99
Item
Laborer
Carpenter
Oiler Total
Square Beams & Girder Hoist & buggies Crane ,bucket & buggies Elevated Floor Slabs Hoist & buggies Crane ,bucket & buggies Ground Floor Slab Chute Buggies Crane & Bucket
1.88 1.43
.11
2.07 1.65
1.56 1.09
.16 .10
.10
1.72 1.29
.04
.10
.10
Manhours Item Carpenter Laborer Truck Driver .001 .001 .002 .001 .001 .002 .001 .001 .002 Total
Flat Slab with Wood Shores Make-up & erect Strip & clean Total
.036 .036 .072 .030 .036 .066 .009 .020 .029 Manhours
Flat Slab with Adjustable Shores Make-up & erect .043 Strip & clean .004 Total .047 Flat Slab Hung from Steel Fabricate & erect Strip & clean Total .041 .005 .046
Item
Carpenter
Laborer
Truck Driver .002 .002 .002 .006 .002 .002 .002 .006
Total
Metal Pan with Adjustable Shores Cut & erect lumber .040 Erect pans & shores .010 Strip & clean Total .050 Metal Pan with Wood Shores Cut & erect lumber .050 Erect pans & shores .010 Strip & clean Total .060
Item
Carpenter
Laborer
Truck Driver .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01
Total
Square Pads 6" to 18" High Ground Floor Build in place .14 Strip & clean .01 Total .15
.18 .04 .22 .20 .05 .25 .22 .06 .28 .24 .07 .31
Square Pads 6" to 18" High Elevated Floors Build in place .16 .03 Strip & clean .01 .04 Total .17 .07 Square Pads to 4' High Ground Floor Fabricate & erect .17 Strip & clean .02 Total .19 Square Pads to 4' High Elevated Floors Fabricate & erect .19 Strip & clean .02 Total .21 .04 .04 .08 .04 .05 .09
Average All Heights & Sizes Fabricate & erect Strip & clean Total Tank Cradle Forms Build in place Strip & clean Total
Manhours Item Unload, Sort & Pile Rods Fabricate Cut and Bend 1/2' round and larger 3/8' round and smaller Place loose without tieing 3/4" round or larger 5/8" round and smaller Place and Tie Rods Walls, columns, etc. Floors Average All Operations All sizes without tieing With tieing Item Welded Wire Mesh Cut & Place Per Ton 1.75 6.00 11.48 7.25 8.78 16.50 22.10 18.51 29.79 Manhours per 100 sq ft .80 Per cwt 0.0875 0.3000 0.5740 0.3625 0.4390 0.8250 1.1050 0.9250 1.4900
Size 0' 8
1 3 1 5
Manhours Each For Overall Length 1' 0" .15 .15 .15 .20 .20 1' 6" .20 .20 .25 .25 .28 .40 .40 .48 .50 .55 2' 0" .20 .20 .28 .28 .30 .43 .45 .50 .55 .58 .65 .70 .75 2' 6" .30 .35 .45 .48 .50 .55 .60 .68 .73 .78 3' 0" .33 .38 .48 .50 .53 .58 .65 .70 .75 .78 3' 6" .50. .53 .5 .60 .668 .75 .78 .80 4' 0" .53 .58 .65 .70 .73 .78 .80 .85
4"
8"
2"
8"
3 7
4"
8"
1
Size
Manhours Each For Overall Length 4' 6 5' 0" .98 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.40 5' 6" 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.40 1.45 1.48 6' 0" 1.15 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.53 6' 6" 1.23 1.28 1.30 1.38 1.43 1.50 1.55 1.60 7' 0" 1.30 1.38 1.40 1.43 1.50 1.58 1.60 1.63 7' 6" 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.48 1.55 1.60 1.63 1.68 8' 0" 1.40 1.54 1.50 1.58 1.60 1.65 1.68 1.70
8"
1
Equipment Foundations
MANHOURS PER CUBIC YARD Manhours are for the placement and vibration of concrete for the items listed. Square pad manhours are based on placing of square pads to 4 feet high either integral with floor or over pre-set dowels on pre-placed floor. Offset, skewed or angled manhours are based on that of placing a large and bulky foundation with offsets or angles or both. Item Square Pads Crane & bucket Crane, bucket & buggies Offset, Skewed & Angled Crane & bucket Crane, bucket & buggies Laborer
1.50 2.00
1.88 1.50
2.44 3.25
.38 .50
.38 .50
3.20 4.25
Item
Integral Topping
Topping Finish
MANHOURS PER SQUARE FOOT Manhours are for topping finish and include mixing and stand-by time where required. Manhours do not include the placing and vibrating of main floors.
2" by hand
2" by machine
2" by hand
2" by machine
1" by hand
Manhours Surface Finish Cement Finisher .045 .030 .015 .030 .001 .003 .003 .002 .250 Laborer .003 .025 Total .045 .030 .015 .030 .001 .003 .006 .002 .500
Concrete Finish
MANHOURS PER SQUARE FOOT Manhours are for the types of finish noted and include all necessary operations. In most areas, craft jurisdiction prevents laborers from helping cement finishers. Should this be the case, use total hours as listed for cement finisher hours. Carborundum Rub Remove Fins or Ties Point & Patch Machine Trowel & Hand Burnish Hand Steel Trowel Woodfloat Broom Screeding Off Cure & Protect Grout Column Bases (1")
PUBLICATION #C620129
Copyright 1962, The Aberdeen Group All rights reserved