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(1ﻣﻔﻬﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ:
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ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ،ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺹ ،ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ،ﺜﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻑ ،ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻑ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺎﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ
ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ،ﺃﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ
ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ،ﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﹸﺘﻌ ّﺩل ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ.
(2ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻊ
ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻊ:
ﺍﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎل.
ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻊ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ا دد ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ،
) ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻭﺘﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻝﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ(.
f m ≈ 444 Hz اور ب <= 4,5div :ادد ا اs= 500 µs/div :
ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﻭ 10 −5 s / div :ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ f P = 18.10 4 Hz = 180kHz .ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﺭﺭﺩ ﺠﺩ ﻋﺎل.
ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﺴﻴﺔ <=2V/divﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ . U p = 4V :
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( 5ﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯ
(ﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ:
ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎ ،ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﺹ :ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺍﺀ .
ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺍﺀ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﻝﺔ u s (t ) :ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺇﻀﻁﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺀ ) u1 (t ).u 2 (t
: k ،ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ . )us(t) =k. u1(t) .u2(t
) u 2 (t ) = u p (t ﻭ: u1 (t ) = u m (t ) + U O ﻤﻊ :
) u s (t ) = k [u m (t ) + U O .].u p (t ﻭﻤﻨﻪ :
u s (t ) = k [U m cos ω m .t + U O .].U p . cos ω p .t
Um
ﺒﺤﻴﺙ m ،ﻫﻲ :ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ. =m ﻭ: ﻨﻀﻊ A = k .U p .U o :
Uo
ω m = 2π . f m
(Um.min ه Um.maxو U m : ه )U M : ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻻﻝﺔ Um.maxﻭ Um.min :
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U M = 3div.2V / div = 6V
U m = 1div.2V / div = 2V
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= fm = ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻥ ≈ 444 Hz :
4,5div.500.10 s / div 2,25.10 −3 s
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ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ: ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺤﺭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﺯ XYﻝﺭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺫﺒﺫﺏ ،ﺒل ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل
(Iﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ:
(
(1ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ:
(
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(2ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺸﺢ: Filtres:
– ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺭﺭ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ،ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻗﻁﺏ RCﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﻝﻲ.
-ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺭﺭ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ،ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ
ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ .ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻗﻁﺏRCﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻱ.
Sbiro abdelkrim
Lycée agricole oulad –taima région d’Agadir Maroc
Mail : sbiabdou@yahoo.fr
msn : sbiabdou@hotmail.fr
pour toute observation contactez moi
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