Mixtures

Chapter 4 Section 3
 Describe the 3 properties of mixtures
 Describe 4 methods of separating the
parts of a mixture
 Analyze a solution in terms of its solute
and solvent
 Explain how concentration affects a
solution
 Describe the particles in a suspension
 Explain how a colloid differs from a
solution and a suspension

Objectives
 A combination of 2 or more substances
that are not chemically combined

 No chemical change occurs

 Each substance keeps its identity

 You cannot always see all components of

a mixture

Properties of Mixtures
 Not all mixtures are easy to separate

 Common ways to separate mixtures:

◦ Distillation
 Based on boiling points of the components
◦ Magnet
 Elements that are attracted separate out
◦ Centrifuge
 Separates mixtures by the densities of the
components

Separating Mixtures
 http://blog.crispen.org/images/distillation.jpg

Distillation
 http://image.tutorvista.com/content/chemistry-concepts/magnetic-separation-process.jpeg

Magnetic separation of Mixtures

 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Blood-centrifugation-scheme.png

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xW3FQUQ2DYI/Rp4DF1r_0HI/AAAAAAAAAhY/B5MzdxVSV6I/s400/centrifugation.png

Centrifuge
 Compound: specific mass ratio

 Mixture: no definite ratio

 Ex: Granite pg. 100 Fig. 3 in text

Ratio of Components in a Mixture

Mixtures Compounds

Made of elements, compounds, Made of elements

or both

No change in original properties Change in original components

of components

Separated by physical means Separated by chemical means

Formed using any ratio of Formed using a set ratio of

components components

Mixtures vs. Compounds

 A mixture that appears to be a single
substance
 2 or more substances distributed evenly:
dissolving

 Solute: the substance that is dissolved

 Solvent: the substance in which the

solute is dissolved

Solutions
 Soluble: able to dissolve

 Insoluble: Unable to dissolve

 Ex: salt water is a solution (apply the

vocabulary)

 When 2 liquids or 2 gases form a solution,

the largest amount of substance is the
solvent

Solutions
Solutions: apply your vocabulary
States Examples

Gas in gas Dry air (oxygen in nitrogen)

Gas in liquid Soft drinks (CO2 in water)

Liquid in liquid Antifreeze (alcohol in water)

Solid in liquid Salt water (NaCl in water)

Solid in solid Brass (Zn in Cu)

Examples of Solutions
 Particles are so small they never settle
out

 Cannot be removed by filtering

 Particles are so small they do not scatter

light

Particles in Solutions
 Amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

 Expressed in g/mL of solvent

 Concentrated or dilute

Concentration of Solutions
http://wwwsci.seastarchemicals.com/images/faq_co3.jpg
 The maximum amount of solute that can
dissolve

 The ability of a solute to dissolve in a

solvent at a certain temperature

Solubility
  Most solids are soluble in liquids at higher
temperatures

 Gases become less soluble in liquids as

the temperature increases

 Ex: soft drinks going flat at high temps

Dissolving Gases in Liquids

http://romunov.blogsome.com/images/kozarec.jpg
  Mixing

 Heating

 Crushing

Dissolving Solids Faster in Liquids

http://www.thehomeherbalist.com/images/pic_pestal.jpg
  A mixture in which the particles of a
material are dispersed throughout a liquid
or gas but are large enough that they
settle out

 Can be separated through a filter

 Ex: snow globe

Suspensions
http://seattlest.com/attachments/seattle_courtney/snow-globe.jpg
 Mixtures that have properties between
solutions and suspensions

 Particles are dispersed throughout but not

heavy enough to settle

 Ex: milk, mayonnaise, stick deodorant,

gelatin, whipped cream

Colloids
  Small than particles in suspension, but
can scatter light

 Cannot be separated by filtration

 Particles are small enough to pass

through a filter

Colloids
http://www.science4u.info/virtuallab/_images/image_aut_nep_science.gif
 Which of the following is not a solution:
air in a scuba tank, muddy water, a soft
drink, or salt water?

 When iodine is dissolved in alcohol, which

is the solute, and which is the solvent?

Quick Quiz