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CONTENTS CONTENTS
CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS
1. lntroduction 1-8
Importance of Electrical Energy
Generation of Electrical Energy
Sources of EnergyComparison of
Energy SourcesUnits of Energy
Relationship among Energy Units
EfficiencyCalorific value of Fuels
Advantages of Liquid Fuels Over Solid
FuelsAdvantages of Solid Fuels Over
Liquid Fuels.
2. Generating Stations 9-40
Generating StationsSteam
Power StationSchematic Arrange-
ment of Steam Power Station
Choice of Site for Steam Power
StationsEfficiency of Steam Power
StationEquipment of Steam Power
StationHydroelec tric Power
StationSchematic Arrangement
of Hydroelectric Power Station
Choice of Site for Hydroelectric
Power StationsConstituents of Hydroelectric PlantDiesel Power Station
Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power StationNuclear Power Station
Schematic Arrangement of Nuclear Power StationSelection of Site for
Nuclear Power StationGas Turbine Power PlantSchematic Arrangement
of Gas Turbine Power PlantComparison of the Various Power Plants.
(viii)
3. VariabIe Ioad on Power
Stations 41-68
Structure of Electric Power System
Load CurvesImportant Terms and
Fac torsUnits Generated per
AnnumLoad Duration CurvesTypes
of LoadsTypic al demand and
diversity factorsLoad curves and se-
lection of Generating UnitsImportant
points in the selection of UnitsBase
load and Peak load on Power Station
Method of meeting the Load
Interconnected grid system.
4. fconomics of Power
Generation 69-86
Economics of Power Generation
Cost of Electrical EnergyExpressions
for Cost of Electrical EnergyMethods
of determining Deprec iation
Importance of High Load Factor.
S. Tariff 87-100
TariffDesirable characteristics of a
TariffTypes of Tariff.
6. Power lactor
lmprovement 101-126
Power FactorPower TriangleDisadvantages
of Low FactorCauses of Low Power Factor
Power Factor ImprovementPower Factor
Improvement EquipmentCalculations of
Power Factor CorrectionImportance of Power
Factor improvementMost Economical Power
FactorMeeting the Increased kW demand on
Power Stations.
(ix)
7. SuppIy Systems 127-1S8
Electric Supply SystemTypical A.C.
Power Supply SchemeComparison of
D.C. and A.C. TransmissionAdvan-
tages of High Transmission Voltage
Various Systems of Power Transmission
Comparison of Conductor Material in
Overhead SystemComparison of
Conductor Material in Underground
SystemComparison of Various Systems
of TransmissionElements of a
Transmission LineEconomics of Power TransmissionEconomic Choice
of Conductor SizeEconomic Choice of Transmission Voltage
Requirements of satisfactory electric supply.
8. MecbanicaI Design of Overbead Iines 1S9-201
Main components of Overhead
LinesConduc tor Materials
Line SupportsInsulatorsType of
InsulatorsPotential Distribution over
Suspension Insulator StringString
EfficiencyMethods of Improving
String EfficiencyImportant Points
CoronaFactors affecting Corona
Important TermsAdvantages and
Disadvantages of CoronaMethods
of Reducing Corona EffectSag in
Overhead LinesCalculation of
SagSome Mechanical principles.
9. fIectricaI Design of Overbead Iines 202-227
Constants of a Transmission Line
Resistance of a Transmission LineSkin
effectFlux LinkagesInductance of a
Single Phase Overhead LineInduc-
tance of a 3-Phase Overhead Line
Conc ept of self-GMD and mutual
GMDInductance Formulas in terms of
GMDElectric PotentialCapacitance
of a Single Phase Overhead Line
Capacitance of a 3-Phase Overhead Line.
(x)
10. Performance of Transmission Iines 228-263
Classific ation of overhead
Transmission LinesImportant Terms
Performance of Single Phase Short
Transmission LinesThree-Phase Short
Transmission LinesEffect of load p.f.
on Regulation and Effic ienc y
Medium Transmission LinesEnd
Condenser MethodNominal T
MethodNominal Method Long
Transmission LinesAnalysis of Long
Transmission LineGeneralised
Constants of a Transmission Line
Determination of Generalised
Constants for Transmission Lines.
11. Underground CabIe
264-299
Underground Cables
Construction of CablesInsulating
Materials for CablesClassification
of CablesCables for 3-Phase
ServiceLaying of Underground
CablesInsulation Core Cable
Dielectric Stress in a Single Core
CableMost Ec onomic al
Conduc tor Size in a Cable
Grading of CablesCapacitance
GradingIntersheath Grading
Capacitance of 3-Core Cables
Measurement of C
c
and C
e