Code: 9A02308

1
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) What is electromechanical energy conversion? Develop the block diagram of general electromechanical energy conversion device using energy balance equation. A 4-pole dc machine has 60 conductors per parallel path and a simplex progressive lap-winding. There are 3 turns per coil and two coil-sides per slot. Find: (i) Number of coils. (ii) Number of slots. (iii) Number of commutator segments. (iv) Back-pitch. (v) Front-pitch. (vi) Commutator-pitch and (vii) Resultant pitch. A 1500 KW, 550 V, 16-pole generator runs at 150 rpm. What must be the useful flux per pole if there are 2500 lap-connected conductors and full-load copper losses are 25 KW? Calculate the area of the poleshoe if the gap flux density has a uniform value of 0.9 T and the no-load terminal voltage, neglecting armature reaction and change in speed. In a 200 V dc compound generator the armature, shunt-field and series-field winding resistances are respectively 0.6 , 150 and 0.3 . The machine is connected to a load of 15 KW, 200 V. Find the total emf generated and the armature current when the machine is connected in (i) long-shunt and (ii) shortshunt. Two dc compound generators are operating in parallel with an equalizer-bar connection. Both machines are supplying a load of 1000 A. The machines have armature resistances of 0.06 and 0.04 , seriesfield resistances of 0.07 and 0.05 and induced emfs of 420 V and 440 V respectively. Calculate the: Current in each armature. Current in each series-field winding. Current in the equalizing-bar. Bus-bar voltage. Draw the speed-current characteristics of all types of dc motors in one figure. Compare them and write your comments. A 4-pole dc motor has a wave connected armature with 77 slots, each slot containing 8 conductors. The flux per pole is 30 mWb and the armature has a resistance of 0.15 when the motor is connected to 250 V supply and the armature draws a current of 70 A driving a load of 17 KW. Calculate: (i) Speed. (ii) Armature torque and (iii) Shaft torque. A 220 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 and field circuit resistance of 230 . It takes a line current of 40 A, when delivering full-load torque. If it is desired to raise the speed by 65 % with the load torque remaining constant, find the additional resistance to be inserted in the field circuit. Two shunt machines loaded for the Hopkinsons test take 15 A at 200 V from the supply. The motor current is 100 A and the shunt currents are 3 A and 2.5 A. If the resistance of each armature is 0. 05 , calculate the efficiency of each machine for its particular conditions of loading.

Max Marks: 70

(a) (b) (c) (d) 6 (a) (b)

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Code: 9A02308

2
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) With neat relevant diagrams derive the expression for mechanical force of a singly-excited system when it is controlled by voltage. A singly-excited system is excited from a voltage source. The relation between flux linkages and current is 2 2 given by i = ( + 3x 6x + 3). Find the expression for force in terms of , if dx is the displacement of the armature in the direction of force. Prove that the laminated core reduces eddy current losses. A 6-pole, dc generator is running at 1500 rpm. It generates 230 V when the useful flux per pole is 0.02 Wb. If the armature has 60 slots, calculate the number of conductors per slot when the machine is (i) lap-wound and (ii) wave-wound. Obtain the expressions for reactance voltage induced in the coil undergoing commutation process, if the commutation is (i) linear and (ii) sinusoidal. A 4-pole, lap-connected dc generator is running at 1500 rpm and delivers a current of 125 A. The commutator of the machine consists of 48 segments. The width of the brush is 1.5 segments and inductance of each armature coil is 0.04 mH. Calculate the reactance voltage by neglecting the thickness of mica insulation, if the commutation is (i) linear and (ii) sinusoidal. The following data gives the magnetization characteristic of a dc shunt generator driven at a speed of 700 rpm. Voltage: 10 20 40 80 120 160 200 240 260 V Field Current: 0 0.1 0.24 0.5 0.77 1.2 1.92 3.43 5.2 A Determine the: Critical field resistance at (i) 700 rpm and (ii) 850 rpm. If the resistance of the field is 50 , find the field rheostat required to vary the voltage between the limits 180 V and 250 V on open-circuit at a speed of 700 rpm. A 25 KW, 250 V dc shunt motor has a full-load armature current of 95 A at 1200 rpm. The armature resistance is 0.16 . Determine: The initial torque developed. The internal torque, if the field current is suddenly reduced to 80 % of its original value. The steady motor speed assuming the load torque to have remained constant. A 5 KW, 250 V, dc shunt motor takes no-load armature current of 4 A at rated voltage and runs at 1200 rpm. The armature circuit resistance is 0.4 and the field resistance is 250 . At rated load and rated voltage, the motor takes 26 A and the armature reaction weakens the field flux by 4%. Calculate the full-load speed and the corresponding electromagnetic torque of the motor. A 400 V, dc shunt motor has rated current of 180 A, and an armature resistance of 0.05 . It is to accelerate load whose torque is constant and of rated value. The starting current should not exceed twice the rated value. Calculate the value of starter resistance and the manner in which it to be divided among several sections. A 500 V dc motor takes a current of 5 A on no-load. The resistance of the armature and field circuits are 0.22 and 250 respectively. Estimate the efficiency when the motor current is 100 A. What is the percentage change of speed between no-load and full-load?

Max Marks: 70

2 (a) (b)

3 (a) (b)

(a) (b)

5 (a) (b) (c) 6

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Code: 9A02308

3
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) Derive the expression for electrical energy input in a singly-excited system. 2 2 The -I characteristic of an electromagnetic relay is given by i = 125 x for 0 < i < 5 A and 0 < x < 7 cm. If the air-gap is 6 cm and a current of 3 A is flowing through the coil, calculate the (i) energy stored in the field. (ii) co-energy and (iii) force acting on the armature. Explain the purpose of pole-shoe in dc machines with the help of diagrams. Distinguish between lap and wave windings in detail. Discuss the consequential effects of armature reaction. A 4-pole, 148 A dc shunt generator with 660 conductors is wave-wound. The field current is 1.6 A. Find the de-magnetizing and cross-magnetizing ampere turns per pole at full-load if the: (i) Brush-axis is positioned on GNA and (ii) Brushes are shifted from GNA by an 8 electrical. Differentiate between the self and separately-excited dc generators. Calculate the number of series turns per pole required on a compound generator to enable it to maintain the voltage constant at 460 V between no-load and full-load of 100 KW. Without any series winding, it is found that the shunt current has to be 2 A on no-load and 2.65 A on full-load to maintain the voltage constant at 460 V. Number of turns per pole on the shunt winding are 2000. Draw and explain the external characteristics of dc compound generator when it is over, under and level compounded. A shunt generator is to be connected into a level-compounded generator by the addition of a series field winding. From a test on the machine with shunt excitation only, it is found that the shunt current is 2.0 A to give 300 V on no-load and 4.0 A to give same voltage when the machine is supplying full-load current of 150 A. The shunt winding has 1000 turns per pole. Find the number of series turns required per pole. A 22 KW, 250 V, dc shunt motor has a full-load armature current of 75 A at 1100 rpm. The armature resistance is 0.19 . Determine: The initial torque developed. The internal torque if the field current is suddenly reduced to 70% of its original value. The steady motor speed in part (a), assuming the load torque to have remained constant. A 250 V, dc shunt motor has an armature current of 16 A when running at 900 rpm against full-load torque. The armature resistance is 0.5 . What resistance must be inserted in series with the armature to reduce the speed to 550 rpm at the same torque? What will be the speed if the load torque is halved with this resistance in the circuit? Assume the flux to remain constant. Enumerate the various losses in a dc machine. Which of these losses are constant? Derive the expressions for the efficiency of a dc generator and a dc motor.

Max Marks: 70

2 (a) (b) 3 (a) (b)

4 (a) (b)

5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b) (c) 7

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Code: 9A02308

4
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) All energy conversion devices use magnetic field as coupling medium rather than electrical field. Explain why. What is field energy? How mechanical energy and field energy are related in a singly-excited linear system? Explain basic phenomenon of induction of emf in the armature winding of a dc generator. A 4-pole dc generator is wound with 480 conductors. The magnetic flux and the speed are such that emf generated in each conductor is 2 V. Each conductor is capable of carrying a current of 6 A. Calculate the following when the machine is both lap and wave-wound. (i) Terminal voltage on no-load, (ii) Output current on full-load and (iii) Power output at full-load Estimate the number of turns of inter-pole winding required to neutralize the effect of armature reaction. Calculate the AT per each inter-pole required to neutralize the effect of armature mmf in the inter-polar gap for an 8-pole dc generator with 97 slots each containing 500 ampere-conductors. The inter-polar gap is 1.0 cm and flux density in the gap is 0.4 T. Neglect the leakage and the effect of iron parts of circuit. A 6-pole, wave-connected, long-shunt cumulatively compounded dc generator supplies a load current of 75 A at 500 V. If the shunt-field, series-field and armature resistances are 250 , 0.03 and 0.07 respectively, total brush drop is 3 V, shunt-field flux is 60 mWb and series-field flux is 10 mWb, Determine the induced emf and the armature current. Calculate the speed of the machine. If the machined is connected in short-shunt what is the new speed of the machine to supply same load at same voltage. Draw the external characteristics of all types of generators in one figure and compare them. Two dc shunt generator are operating in parallel. Their no-load voltages are 250 V and characteristics are linear. At 220 V, generator-1 can deliver 300 KW and generator-2 can deliver 600 KW. Find the total load P and load supplied by each at 230 V. Derive an expression for gross torque produced by the armature of a dc motor. A dc motor having armature resistance of 0.24 takes an armature current of 80 A at 300 demagnetizing AT / pole. The machine has 8-poles and 800 lap-connected conductors. The flux per pole is 0.042 Wb. Calculate the speed and gross torque developed by the armature. A dc shunt motor takes an armature current of 50 A at its rated voltage of 240 V. Its armature circuit resistance is 0.2 , if an external resistance of 1 is inserted in series with the armature and the field flux remains un-changed, then calculate: Percentage change in speed for same load torque. Percentage change in speed for half of the load torque. Explain the experimental procedure to conduct brake test on a dc shunt motor with the help of connection diagram. How the efficiency of the machine can be calculated from the test results?

Max Marks: 70

2 (a) (b)

3 (a) (b)

(a) (b) (c)

5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b)

(a) (b) 8

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