Code: 9A14302

1
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechatronics)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) (a) (b) How are systems classified? What is the importance of each type? Define the thermodynamic equilibrium. How is it different from steady state?

Max Marks: 70

Write short note on constant volume gas thermometer. State the first law of thermodynamics and prove that for a non-flow process, it leads to the energy equation Derive an expression for the charge of entropy for a non flow process. Two Carnot engines work in series between the source and sink temperatures of 550 K and 350 K. If both engines develop equal power determine the intermediate temperature. Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency of Otto cycle in terms of compression ratio. In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16, and at the beginning of isentropic compression, the temperature is 15 and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the temperature at the end of the constant pressure process is 1480 . Calculate: (i) Cut- off ratio. (ii) Heat supplied per kg of air. (iii) Cycle efficiency. (iv) Mean effective pressure. Draw the Joule cycle on the P-V and T-S planes and explain the process. Derive an expression for the COP of the vapor compression cycle. How the internal combustion engines are classified? Briefly explain. Discuss with help of the suitable sketches the following: (i) Wet sump lubrication. (ii) Dry sump lubrication. Draw the working of a simple carburetor and explain its working principle. What do you mean by pre-ignition? How can it be detected? Explain with a neat sketch the working of constant volume combustion turbine. The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 20 . The pressure of the air after compression is 4 bar. The isentropic efficiency of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The air fuel ratio used is 90:1. It flow rate of air is 3.0 kgs, find: (i) Power developed and (ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle. Assume kJ/kgK and of air and gases. Calorific value of fuel = 41,800 kJ/kg.

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

(a) (b) (a) (b)

(a) (b) (a) (b)

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Code: 9A14302

2
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechatronics)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b) State the terms: (i) State. (ii) Property. (iii) Process and (iv) Cycle. Describe in detail about reversible and irreversible with examples.

Max Marks: 70

Describe an experiment to develop the ideal gas temperature scale. How is it constructed? Explain the first law of thermodynamics as referred to a closed system undergoing a cyclic change. Give the following statements of second law of thermodynamics: (i) Clausius statement and (ii) Kelvin - Plank statement. A fluid undergoes a reversible adiabatic compression from 0.5 MPa, 0.2 m3 to 0.05 m3 according to the law constant. Determine the change in enthalpy, internal energy and entropy, and the heat transfer and work transfer during the process. What is a cycle? What is the difference between an ideal and actual cycle? The pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 35 at the beginning of a cycle and its compression ratio is 10. Fix the maximum temperature at 1000 and calculate the efficiency of Otto and diesel cycles for these conditions. Draw the Brayton cycle on the P-V and T-S planes and explain the processes. The inlet conditions to a Brayton cycle are 1 bar and 300 K. The cycle pressure ratio is 6.5. The temperature at the inlet to the turbine is 500 K. Calculate the performance parameters of the cycle. Draw the valve timing diagram of four stroke S.I engine and mark the various processes as it. Discuss the reasons for their variations. Sketch the battery igniter system and explain its working. Explain the phenomena of auto igniter; explain how auto igniter is responsible for knocking in S.I engines. What is meant by delay period? Explain its importance in C.I. engines. Explain with neat sketch closed cycle gas turbine plant. A gas turbine unit receives air at 1 bar and 300 K and compresses it adiabatically to 6.2 bar. The compressor efficiency is 88%. The fuel has a heating value of 44,186 kJ/kg and the fuel-air ratio is 0.017 kJ/kg of air. The turbine internal efficiency is 90%. Calculate the work of turbine and compressor per kg of air compressed and thermal efficiency. For products of combustion Cp= 1.147 kJ/kgK and *****

3 (a) (b)

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6 (a) (b) 7 (a) (b) 8 (a) (b)

Code: 9A14302

3
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechatronics)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b)

Max Marks: 70

Explain the energy is a property of the system. What is a quasi static process? What are the common quasi static processes? Explain how to execute a quasi static expansion from pressure P1 to pressure P2. State the first law of thermodynamics with its limitations. Air flows steady at the rate of 0.5 kg/sec through an air compressor, entering at 7 m/s velocity, 100 3 3 KPa pressure and 0.95 m /kg volume and leaving at 5 m/s, 700 KPa and 0.19 m /kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 90 kJ/kg greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in the compressor jacket absorbs heat from the air at the rate of 58 kW: (i) Compute the rate of shaft work input to the air in kW. (ii) Find the ratio of the inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter. What do you mean by Clausius inequality? Derive the Clausius inequality. An iron cube at a temperature of 400 is dropped into an insulated bath containing 10 kg water at 25 . The water finally reaches a temperature of 50 at steady state. Given that the specific heat of water is equal to 4,186 J/kg K. Find the entropy changes for the iron cube and the water. Is the process reversible? If so why? Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency of the diesel cycle in terms of the compression ratio and cut off ratio. An engine working on Otto cycle is supplied with air at 0.1 MPa, 35 . The compression ratio is 8. Heat supplied is 2,100 kJ/kg. Calculate the maximum pressure and temperature of the cycle, The cycle efficiency and mean effective pressure (For air Cp = 1.005, Cv = 0.718 and R = 0.287 kJ/kgK ) Draw the basic Rankine cycle and derive the expression for its efficiency. Steam at 20 bar, 360 is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.08 bar. It then enters a condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump feeds back the water into the boiler: (i) Assuming ideal process, find per kg of steam the net work and the cycle efficiency. (ii) If the turbine and the pump have each 80% efficiency, find the percentage reduction in the net work and cycle efficiency. With neat sketches explain the working principle of four-stroke spark ignition engine. Discuss the working of fuel injection pump and nozzle. Describe the phenomenon of detonation or knocking in S.I. engines. How can it be controlled? What is meant by ignition delay? Explain in detail. What do you mean by the term gas turbine? How are gas turbines classified? Discuss briefly the methods employed for improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle gas turbine plant.

2 (a) (b)

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5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b) 7 (a) (b) 8 (a) (b)

*****

Code: 9A14302

4
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Mechatronics)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b) 3 (a) (b)

Max Marks: 70

What are the differences between microscopic description of a system and macroscopic description of a system? What is a property? What are the methods of classifying properties? Give examples. State the zeroth law of thermodynamics. How is mercury in thermometer able to find the temperature of a body using the zeroth law of thermodynamics? What is the mechanical equivalent of heat? Describe the Joules experiment. What do you mean by the term entropy? Prove that entropy is a property of a system. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 700 and 50 . The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures of 50 and -25 . The heat transfer to the engine is 2,500 kJ and the net work output of the combined engine refrigerator plants is 400 kJ. Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 50 . Compare the diesel cycle with otto cycle and discuss the limitations. An engine is working on otto cycle with a compression ratio of 7. The initial conditions of air are 303 K and 1.03 bar. The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1420 K. Calculate net work per kg of air, thermal efficiency, peak pressure, heat rejection per kg of air and the mean effective pressure. Derive the expression for the efficiency of the air standard Brayton cycle. Draw the vapor compression cycle on the P-V and T-S planes and explain process. Explain the working of the two stroke engine with neat sketches. Discuss the various types of cooling systems used in I.C engine. Discuss the process of combustion in compression ignition engine, clearly bringing out the importance of delay period. Explain diesel knock, on what factors does it depend. Describe with neat sketches the working of a simple constant pressure open cycle gas turbine. In an air standard regenerative gas turbine cycle the pressure ratio is 5. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 300 K and leaves at 490 K. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000 K. Calculate the cycle efficiency, given that the efficiency of the regenerator and the adiabatic efficiency of the turbine are each 80%. Assume for air, the ratio of specific heats is 1.4. Also show the cycle on a T-S diagram.

(a) (b)

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)

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