Section A – Crime, Punishment and Protest Through Time

Answer Question 1, 2, 3 and EITHER 4 or 5.

Study Sources A, B and C

Source A :Proclamation by Elizabeth I, July 1596.

"Her Majesty understanding that several blackamoors have lately been

brought into this realm, of which kind of people there are already too
many here… Her Majesty's pleasure therefore is that those kind of people
should be expelled from the land."

Source B: A cucking-stool or ducking-stool in the seventeenth

Century

Source C: Equal Opportunities Statement of the Metropolitan Police,

2005

The Metropolitan Police Service seeks to employ a

workforce which reflects the diversity of background and
culture within which we operate and to provide a working
environment free from any form of harassment,
intimidation, victimisation or unjustifiable
discrimination.

All members of the Service will demonstrate their

commitment to these principles and will challenge
behaviour which is unacceptable, in particular on the
grounds of nationality, gender, race, colour, ethnic or
national origin, disability, sexual orientation or marital
status.

1. Study sources A, B and C. How have approaches to discrimination

changed between the sixteenth century and the present day? Explain
your answer using these sources and your own knowledge.
(8)
2. Why was transportation introduced as a punishment? (8)

Study Source D

Source D
The modern police force is an example of rapid change. In the 1870s, the
constable patrolled his beat on foot. Police records were made and kept
locally. The constable's means of communication was a whistle to call for
help. At the end of the twentieth century, police records are kept on a
computer. The police national computer system holds records of
fingerprints, vehicles, etc. Most police constables now do their jobs from
patrol cars. As crime has become more complicated, so has crime
prevention and detection.
From a history textbook published in 1997.

3. Choose ONE of the boxes below. Explain its impact on crime and
law enforcement. Use Source D and your own knowledge in your
answer. (10)
COMPUTERS AND
THE MOTOR CAR
TELECOMMUNICATION

Answer ONE of the following questions.

EITHER:

4. Why did the treatment of conscientious objectors change between

the First and the Second World Wars?

You could include the following in your answer and any other
information of your own.

• Many conscientious objectors acted as stretcher carriers on the

battlefield in the First World War
• In the Second World War the government tried to give
conscientious objectors jobs in farming and industry.
• In both wars special courts, known as tribunals, decided whether
conscientious objectors should be excused from the fighting.
(12)
OR:

5. Why was the seventeenth century a time of the witch craze?

You could include the following in your answer and any other
information of your own.

• In 1590 King James VI of Scotland wrote an important book on

witchcraft.
• At least 50 people were executed in Essex in 1645 because of the
work of Matthew Hopkins.
• In 1717 the last trial for witchcraft took place in England.
(12)

Total 38 marks

Section B – The American West

Study Sources E, F and G and then answer question 6.

Source E: A nineteenth century painting by George Catlin depicting a

buffalo hunt:
Source F: A nineteenth-century description of the way of life of the
Plains Indians.

‘The lodges are taken down in a few minutes by the squaws and
easily transported to any part of the country where they wish to
camp. They generally move six to eight times in the summer,
following the large herds of buffalo. I saw a Sioux encampment of six
hundred lodges taken down and all things packed an on the move in a
very few minutes. The chief sends his runners through the
encampment a few hours before they are to start. At the time
announced, the lodge of the chief is seen flapping in the wind. This
was the signal, and in one minute six hundred lodges were flat upon
the ground.

Source G: A painting from the 1880’s by a Kiowa Indian: Wohaw. It is

called ‘The Red Man’s Dilemma’*. It shows the Indian looking away
from the buffalo and towards the cow and the farm.

* Dilemma = difficult choice

6. ‘By stripping many Indians of their available resources, the

slaughter of the buffalo severely reduced the Indians' capacity to
continue an armed struggle against the United States.’

Use sources E, F, G and your own knowledge to explain whether you

agree with this view. (12)

Total 12 marks

Exam Total 50 marks