Hng dn s dng LaTeX

1. Gii thiu LaTeX

1.1 Xut X
Tin thn l TeX, mt ngn ng nh dng vn bn do Donald Knuth pht minh, minh rt kh s dng. LaTex, c pht minh bi Leslie Lamport, da trn TeX nhng d s dng hn. Ngy nay LaTeX c s dng rng ri trong cng ng khoa hc v tip tc nhn c nhiu s ng gp, b sung tnh nng.

1.2 u im v khuyt im
Khuyt im: Khng trc quan sinh ng, khng thy c nh dng ca vn bn trong lc ang son tho t chuyn i Phi thc hin thao tc S rt vt v nu mun kt hp nhiu kiu nh dng phc tp vo trong cng tp tin LaTeX (nh ti liu hng dn thc hnh bn ang xem) u im: nh dng vn bn u, chuyn nghip. nh dng cng thc ton, m ngun lp trnh, ch mc, mc lc, ph lc, ti liu tham kho d dng

1.3 Cu trc chung ca mt tp tin LaTeX

Phn chnh gia \documentclass{} v \begin{document} gi l phn m u (preamble). Mt s lnh nh dng vn bn nm trong phn ny.

Trong , phn documentclass cho bit ta ang son tho loi vn bn no, mt s loi vn bn c h tr bi LaTeX:

\documentclass documentclass {###}

article report book proc slides letter

Loi vn bn
bi bo khoa hc, bo co (ngn), vn bn gm nhiu chng: bo co (y ), sch (nh), lun vn sch k yu hi ngh trnh chiu th t

Ngoi ra, trong phn documentclass ta cn c th thit lp mt s nh dng chung cho ton vn bn nh l:

\documentclass documentclass [***] {###}

10pt, 11pt, a4paper, letterpaper, titlepage, notitlepage onecolumn, twocolumn landscape fleqn leqno

ngha
kch thc ch kh giy cha 1 trang lm trang ba vn bn trnh by thnh 1 hoc 2 ct kh giy nm ngang cng thc khoa hc nm bn tri thay v gia s th t ca cc cng thc khoa hc nm bn tri thay v bn phi

2.

Son tho LaTeX bng MikTeX

2.1 Ci t chng trnh MikTeX 2.2 Bin dch tp tin .tex sang tp tin .pdf

Yu cu thc hnh: Sinh vin s dng chng trnh MikTeX nhp vo on vn bn trn v bin dch thnh file pdf xem kt qu.

3.

nh dng th

3.1 n tp l thuyt
Cu trc chung ca mt l th:

Lu : Cc khong trng hay du xung dng ty tin trong tp tin .tex s khng c hin th

hin th cc k t c bit nh &, #, $, %, {, th phi c du \ ng trc

3.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Letter.tex Yu cu thc hnh STT 1 Thi gian 5 pht Yu cu Vit tip l th th 2 tr li li l th th 1 Gi Vit tip vo cui tp tin Letter.tex

4.

nh dng bi bo khoa hc

Cc tp tin lin quan: Article.tex, Article.toc Yu cu thc hnh STT 1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 7 pht 3 pht 3 pht Thi gian 3 pht Yu cu Gi Bin dch ra file pdf v xem cu Bm Ctrl T trc ca mt bi bo khoa hc Phn thng tin tc gi Thm vo thng tin tc gi th 2 s dng lnh \and Thm hoc b thng tin v ngy dng lnh \date hin ti Phn tm tt ni dung Trong LaTeX khng c sn To mt lnh mi cho phn Lit lnh ny nn phi dng lnh k t kha \newcommand khai bo mt lnh mi t tn l \Keyword Thm phn Lit k t kha, dng Dng lnh \Keyword va to lnh va to trong phn 3.1 trong phn 3.1 Phn ni dung chnh c phn ni dung chnh Thay i cp nh s th t \setcounter{secnumdepth}{} cho phn ni dung Phn mc lc To mc lc cho vn bn \tableofcontents Thay i cp trong phn Mc \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} lc Thm phn Ti liu tham kho \addcontentsline{toc}{}{} vo trong Mc lc

3.2 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3

3 pht 5 pht 3 pht 3 pht 3 pht 5 pht

5.

nh dng ta
Ta c th vit ring mt s phn trong mt tp tin .tex ring ri dng lnh \input{} ni tp tin vo. V d to mt tp tin ta ring t tn l title.tex ri thm n vo mt tp tin khc tn l Test_Title.tex. Trong phn ta , ta thng s dng cc hiu ng hnh nh thm phn bt mt nh l: thay i c ch: \huge, \LARGE,\large thay i kiu ch: \textsc, \emph, \bfseries, thm hnh nh: \usepackage{graphicx} v \includegraphic

5.1 n tp l thuyt

5.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Test_Title.tex, title.tex Yu cu thc hnh STT 1 Thi gian 2 pht Gi Thay i ga tr Thay i dy ca ng nm ngang linewidth trong file Test_Title.tex Thay i gi tr trong Thay i ln ca khong cch sau khi phn \\[...] trong tp tin xung dng title.tex Dng lnh Thay i hnh minh ha \includegraphics Thm thng tin tc gi th 4 nh hnh sau Dng lnh \minipage thm vo tc gi th 4 Yu cu

2 3

3 pht 5 pht

5 pht

6.

nh dng trang

6.1 n tp l thuyt
Kch thc trang (Page size) S dng th vin geometry cho php ta la chn nhiu kiu nh dng kch thc trang c sn:

Ngoi ra, th vin geometry cho php ta t do xc nh kch thc trang v:

Nu mun, , ta cng c th nh dng chi tit hn na:

Tiu u trang v cui trang (Header v Footer) S dng th vin fancyhdr cho php ta to tiu u v cui trang nhiu v tr: Header Footer \lhead [trang chn] {trang l} \lfoot [trang chn] {trang l} \chead [trang chn] {trang l} \cfoot [trang chn] {trang l} \rhead [trang chn] {trang l} \rfoot [trang chn] {trang l} Trong , th vin fancyhdr h tr sn mt s lnh: Mt s lnh c sn \thepage \leftmark \ \rightmark \thesection Chia ct (Column) Nu ch cn chia vn bn thnh 2 ct n gin: \documentclass[twocolumn]{article} {article} Nu mun chia nhiu ct hn ta s dng th vin multicol Chia c ti 10 ct S lng ct mi phn c th khc nhau, nh dng khc nhau nh dng ng phn cch gia cc ct ngha S th t trang hin ti Tiu chng (book chapter) mc (article section) S th t mc (section number)

V tr bn tri chnh gia bn phi

Hng trang (Orientation) Mc nh l hng thng ng (portrait), nu mun chnh hng nm ngang (landscape) cho tt c trang th thm v tham s sau: \usepackage [,landscape,] {geometry}
Nu ch cn mt s trang nm ngang thi th dng th vin

\usepackage {pdflscape} Khung vn bn (Minipage) Ging vi khung vn bn (textbox) trong MSWord, s dng lnh: \begin{minipage} [so_hng] { rng} so_hng: t: canh theo dng u tin trong khung b: canh theo dng cui cng trong khung Mt s nh dng khc \newline hoc \\: xung dng \linebreak [number]: ngt dng ngay ti v tr chn lnh ny. number t 0 (khng ngt c th thi) n 4 (ngt lin ti ch). \newpage: sang trang mi \newpage [number]: xung dng \nopagebreak [number]: khng cho php ch ny xung dng

6.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Page_Layout.tex, Minipage.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT
1 2

Thi gian
5 pht 5 pht

Yu cu
Thay i kch thc trang To tiu u v cui trang cho cc trang chn v l khc nhau Thay i dy ca ng phn cch tiu u v cui trang Chia on vn bn c sn thnh 10 ct, dy ng phn cch gia cc ct l 1pt Chnh hng trang nm ngang cho tt c trang trong tp tin

3 pht

3 pht

3 pht

Gi S dng th vin geometry vi cc tham s khc nhau S dng th vin fancyhdr, ch mt s loi vn bn thuc dng 1 mt (article) Thay i dy ng phn cch bng lnh \headrulewidth v \footrulewidth S dng th vin multicolum chia ct v lnh \columnseprule xc nh dy ca ng phn cch Sng dng lnh th vin geometry v truyn tham s

3 pht

Page_Layout landscape Trong tp tin Minipage.tex, canh cho dng cui cng trong Chnh tham s cho minipage khung vn bn ngay hng vi thnh b (bottom) cc dng vn bn khc

7.

nh dng on vn

7.1 n tp l thuyt
Chnh khong cch gia cc on, gia cc dng trong on vn bn
Khong cch gia cc on

\setlength{\parskip}{gi_tr_khong_cch}
Khong cch li u dng

\setlength{\parindent}{gi_tr_khong_cch}
Khong cch gia cc dng: \usepackage{setspace}

\setstretch{1.6} \doublespacing Canh l cho on vn bn Canh l Canh u hai bn Canh gia Canh tri Canh phi To danh sch
1. To danh danh sch nh s

Environment
\begin{center} \end{center} \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} \end{flushright}

Cu lnh
\centering{} \raggedright{} \raggedleft{}

\begin{enumerate} \item \item \end{enumerate}

2. Thay i cch nh s th t

\renewcommand{\theenum}{kiu_s{cp_}}

\renewcommand{\labelenum}{\theenum}
trong :

kiu_s \arabic \alph \Alph \roman \Roman

V d 1, 2, 3, a, b, c, A, B, C, i, ii, iii, I, II, III,

cp_ enumi enumii enumiii

Ghi ch Danh sch cp 1 Danh sch cp 2 Danh sch cp 3

To danh danh sch ch mc

\begin{itemize} \item \item \end{itemize}

To danh sch s dng k t c bit

\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{k_t}
Th vin pifont h tr rt nhiu k t c bit la chn, dng lnh \ding{m_k_t}. Xem trong tp tin Special Character - Pifont Wikibooks.png chn la cc m k t. V d:

\usepackage{pifont} \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ding{m_k_t}} Ch thch vn bn

Dng lnh: <t mun ch thch>\footnote{ni dung ch thch}

To siu lin kt
Dng th vin url, v d: \url{www.} Dng th vin hyperref, cho php dng cm t thay th cho on a ch di ngon, v d: \href{www}{Cm t i din}

Mc nh s c khung mu bao quanh on siu lin kt, ta c th thay i nh dng siu lin kt bng th vin hyperref:

\usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{danh_sch_tham_s, pdftex}

trong , danh_sch_tham_s c th c mt hoc nhiu tham s sau, mi tham s cch nhau du phy

tham s colorlinks= urlcolor= linkcolor= Trch dn nguyn vn

Ghi ch true nu khng mun c khung bao quanh false th s c khung bao quanh mu ca nhng siu lin kt n trang web, v d red, green, blue, magenta, mu ca nhng siu lin kt khc, v d red, green, blue, magenta,

Trch dn nhng cu ngn

\begin{quote} \end{quote}
Trch dn on vn

\begin{quotation} \end{quotation} Gi ng vn bn gc
Thng dng trnh by cc cu lnh, cc k t c bit trong vn bn:

\begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
hoc

\verb$...$

c th thay k t $ bng k t bt k

7.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Paragraph.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT 1
2

Thi gian 3 pht

5 pht 5 pht

3
3.1

Yu cu Thay i khong cch gin dng Canh l on vn bng cch dng lnh Danh sch To danh sch con cp 2 nh sau:

Gi Dng th vin setspace Dng cch lnh \centering, \raggedleft, \raggedright \begin{enumerate}

1. Hc son tho vn bn phi bit: (a) Word, Writer, Docs (b) LaTeX 2. i hc th phi: (a) Hc bi (b) Lm bi

\item \begin{enumerate} \item \end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}

3.2

7 pht

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5
5.1

5.2

5 pht

Dng cp lnh Thay i cch nh s th t trong \renewcommand danh sch nh sau: {\theenumi} I/ Hc son tho vn bn cn bit: {\Roman{enumi}/} A: Word, Writer, Docs \renewcommand B: LaTeX {\labelenumi} II/ i hc th phi: {\theenumi} A: Hc bi thay i danh sch cp 1. B: Lm bi Tng t cho cp 2. Thm vo mt ch thch vn bn \footnote{} Siu lin kt i tn vn bn thay th trong cu lnh to siu lin kt bng \href nh dng li cc siu lin kt: khng c khung bao quanh i mu siu lin kt n trang \usepackage{hyperref} web thnh mu \hypersetup{} i mu siu lin kt n phn ch thch vn bn (footnote) thnh mu xanh dng

8.

nh dng bng biu

8.1 n tp l thuyt
To bng biu \begin{tabular}[canh_chiu_dc]{nh_dng_}

canh_chiu_dc: canh theo chiu dc b c t

pha di ca chnh gia (mc nh) pha trn ca

nh_dng_: xc nh mt s c im cho bng biu l c

canh u bn tri canh u chnh gia

r | hoc ||

canh u bn phi cnh ca bng biu dng n hoc i

Xc nh rng ca mt trong bng

Mc nh, rng ca ty thuc vo vn bn trong . Tuy nhin ta c th c nh rng ca , khi , vn bn trong nu di hn chiu rng ca s t ng xung dng. V d:

\begin{tabular} { | l | l | l | p{5cm} |} To nhiu ct ging nhau

Ta c th to nhiu ct c nh dng ging nhau theo c php:

\begin{tabular} { *{s_lng_ct} {nh_dng_} } Trn cc trn nhiu ct \multicolumn {s_c} {canh_l} {ni dung}
V d: \begin{tabular}{| c | c | c | c |} \multicolumn {2} {| c |} {}

Trn cc trn nhiu dng

S dng th vin

\usepackage {multirow} \multirow {s_ct} {*} {ni_dung}

C php lnh

\multirow{4}{*}{Defenders} S dng phn mm h tr to bng

OpenOffice: http://calc2latex.sourceforge.net/ Microsoft Excel: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/excel2latex/ Matlab: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/4894matrix2latex

V d to bng bng MSExcel 2007:

 Chy tp tin Excel2LaTeX.xla To bng bng Microsoft Excel Chn bng mun chuyn i Add-Ins

Convert table to LaTeX

Mt hp thoi s xut hin, c k v chn la cc thit lp cn thit Chn Browse nhp ng dn v tn tp tin lu, v d t tn l Sheet1.tex Cui cng bm nt Save to File.

Gi s ta mun nhp bng ny vo tp tin Test.tex (nm cng th mc vi tp tin Sheet1.tex), trong tp tin Test.tex ta s thm lnh sau: \input{Sheet1.tex} Khi bin dch nu c li, nhp vo k t e v bm Enter d li v sa li. V d nh MikTeX khng hiu lnh \bigsrut th ta xa n i ri bin dch li.

 Mt lu quan trng l nu khi to bng trong Excel c s dng ting Vit th khi lu xung tp tin Sheet1.tex s b li. Cch khc phc l bm nt Copy to the Clipboard Sau to ra mt tp tin Sheet1.tex trng Dn ni dung trong clipboard vo (bm Ctrl V) Cui cng lu li v s dng bnh thng.

8.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Table.tex, Excel2LaTeX.xla Yu cu thc hnh

STT

Thi gian

Yu cu

Gi

10 pht

To tp tin MyTable.tex, trong to bng bng LaTeX v nh dng theo mu sau: Xem cc v d mu trong tp tin Table.tex Cng c excel2latex khi chuyn To bng trn bng Excel v dng cng c excel2latex i pht sinh chuyn i sang tp tin ExcelTable.tex, sau thm mt s li, bng ny vo tp tin MyTable.tex cn phi sa li ri mi thm vo c.

15 pht

9.

Chn nh v v hnh

9.1 n tp l thuyt
Chn nh \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{figure}[h] \includegraphics[thuctnh1=, thuctnh2=, ] {tn_tp_tin_nh} \end{figure} Thuc tnh = Gi tr width = xx Ch thch
Chiu rng nh = xx pt, in, mm,

height = xx keepaspectratio = xx

Chiu cao nh = xx pt, in, mm, nu mun gi nguyn t l gia chiu rng v chiu cao th thay xx bng true, ngc li l false phng to, thu nh t l xx xoay trn 1 gc xx

scale = xx angle = xx V hnh

\usepackage{picture} \begin{picture} (0,0) %Xc nh im lm gc ta \put(honh_, tung_){i_tng} \end{picture}

9.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Graphic.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT 1

Thi gian 5 pht

Yu cu Ch thch nh cho nh 1 v nh 2 Canh cho tm im ngay con mo

Gi
\caption Thay i to trong lnh \put{circle}

3 pht

10. Ch thch, gn nhn v tham chiu cho

10.1 n tp l thuyt
Ch thch cho hnh nh \begin{figure} \caption [vn bn rt gn] { vn bn ch thch } \label{}

\end{figure} Ch thch cho hnh nh, bng biu \begin{table} \caption [vn bn rt gn] { vn bn ch thch } \label{} \end{table} To danh sch hnh nh
S dng lnh \listoffigures s to ra danh sch hnh nh trong ng thi to ra file xxx.lof. Mi ln mun chnh sa li danh sch ny cn xa tp tin ny trc.

To danh sch bng biu

S dng lnh \listoftables s to ra danh sch hnh nh trong ng thi to ra file xxx.lot. Mi ln mun chnh sa li danh sch ny cn xa tp tin ny trc.

Gn nhn \label{nhn}
Qui c: Khi gn nhn cho nh, nhn nn bt u bng figure: hoc hnh: Gn nhn cho bng biu, nhn nn bt u bng table: hoc bng: Gn nhn cho phng trnh ton hc: equation: hoc phngtrnh: Gn nhn cho chng, mc, nn bt u bng chapter:.., section: hoc chng:, phn:

To tham chiu cho ti cc nhn gn

\ref{nhn} : tham chiu n mt nhn \pageref{nhn}: tham chiu n trang cha nhn

10.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Figures_Labels.tex, Figures_ Labels.lof, Figures_ Labels.lot Yu cu thc hnh

STT 1

Thi gian 5 pht

Yu cu To danh sch hnh nh v bng biu

Gi \listoffigures

2 3 4 5

5 pht 3 pht 3 pht 3 pht

\listoftables B cc on ch thch rt gn trong du [] ca lnh \caption v to li danh sch hnh nh. Thm phn tham chiu n mt nh \ref {figure:} Thm phn tham chiu n mt trang \pageref{} Thm phn tham chiu n mt chng, \ref{section:} mc

11. nh dng ch
11.1 n tp l thuyt
Mt vi nh dng c bn (Xem thm trong bi tp mu)

Mt s k t c bit

11.2 Bi tp mu

 Tp tin lin quan: Format_Characters.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT
1

Thi gian
15 pht

Yu cu
Thc hin li cc nh dng c bn

Gi Dng cc lnh trong phn Mt vi nh dng c bn.

12. nh dng kiu ch

12.1 n tp l thuyt
Cc thng s c bn ca phng ch:

encoding: b k t c trong mt phng ch family: phng ch series: hnh dng ch, vd: m va, hp, m v tha shape: hnh dng ch, vd: in nghin, in hoa size: kch thc ch, thng tnh bng n v pt

chn thay i nh dng ch, ta cn thay i cc thng s sau:

Cu lnh \fontencoding { b_m_k_t } \fontfamily { tn_phng_ch } \fontseries { hnh_dng_ch } \fontshape { hnh_dng_ch } \fontsize { c_ch } \linespread { h_s_gin_dng }

Cc gi tr
cmr, cmss, cmtt, ptm, phv, pcr b, m up, sl, it, sc 12pt, 24pt, 1, 1.3, 1.6,

V d 1: Thay i kiu ch cho mt on vn bn bng lnh \selectfont

\fontfamily{pcr} \fontseries{it} \selectfont Ni dung on vn bn.

V d 2: Thay i phng ch mc nh cho ton b vn bn

\renewcommand {\rmdefault} {tn_phng_ch} Mt s lnh nh dng kiu ch Kiu ch Cu lnh Hnh dng ch \textup{}, \textit{}, \textsl{}, \textsc{} \upshape{}, \itshape{}, \slshape{}, \textsc{}

Hnh dng ch C ch

\textmd{}, \textbf{} \mdseries{}, bfseries{} \tiny, \scriptsize, \footnotesize, \small, \normalsize, \large, \Large,\LARGE, \huge, \HUGE

B sung phng ch mi T thc hin Ln trang http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts tm phng ch v th vin tng ng Ti gi th vin tng ng v my Ci t theo tp tin hng dn km theo Dng chc nng Package Management ca LaTeX Ln trang http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/ tm font ch va (hnh a, b), trong c tn ca gi th vin h tr loi phng ch ny (hnh c), v d \usepackage{emerald}.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Thm cu lnh \usepackage{emerald } vo trong tp tin LaTeX v s dng bnh thng. Nu trong my khng c sn th vin ny, mt thng bo s xut hin.

Nu my c kt ni Internet, chn Change Connection Settings v chn mt ngun no ci t gi th vin trc tip t Internet.

12.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Font_basic.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT

Thi gian

5 pht

Yu cu Thm vo mt phng ch mi cha c sn trong LaTeX. nh dng mt on vn theo yu cu: phng ch: mi va thm vo hnh dng ch: in m hnh dng ch: in nghin c ch: 17pt Lu : cc sinh vin phi chn phng ch khc nhau.

Gi
Sinh vin c th t tm th vin v t thm vo hoc dng chc nng Package Management ca MikTeX nh hng dn.

13. nh dng ton hc c bn

13.1 n tp l thuyt
\usepackage{amsmath} Kiu
Text Displayed

Lnh y \begin{math}...\end{math} \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath} \begin{equation*}...\end{equation*}

Lnh ngn gn
\(...\) $...$ \[...\]

V cc lnh nh dng, cc k hiu v cch g biu thc ton hc trong LaTeX, sinh vin xem trong phn bi tp mu.

13.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Math.tex Yu cu thc hnh

STT

Thi gian

Yu cu

Gi

5 pht

nh dng biu th ton hc nh sau: