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Abstract - Rotating electrical machines play an important role in the world’s industrial life. Hence there is a strong demand on their
reliable and safe operation. Their faults and failures can lead to excessive downtimes and generate enormous costs in reduced output,
emergency maintenance and lost revenues. Therefore the fault detection methods of electrical machines are of real interest. For the
rotor faults diagnosis of induction machines one of the most widely used methods is the so-called motor current signature analysis
(MCSA). This method can be applied both to the squirrel-cage and to the wound rotor induction motors. For current measurements
and data processing virtual instruments are proposed. In this paper some results obtained in the case of the wound rotor induction
machine will be presented.
Fig. 4. The measured line currents of the tested wound rotor induction motor
As it can be clearly seen in the figure the The pulsation's speed of the resulting magnetic
magnitude of the currents is intensifying with the flux and also of the line currents is given by the sum of
increase of the load. the above mentioned two speeds: n p = n1 + n 2 = 2n1 s .
Beside this inherent effect a pronounced
As it was stated out previously the basis of the
fluctuation of the line currents can be also observed in
current signature analysis is the detection of those (so-
the case of the induction motor having a rotor fault.
called sideband) harmonic components of the measured
This phenomena easily can be explained: in the
line current which are significantly increased when a
three-phase induction motor under perfectly balanced
fault appears in the motor.
conditions (healthy motor) only a forward rotating
Upon the theoretical expectations in the case of
magnetic field is produced, which rotates at
the wound rotor induction motor having rotor faults the
synchronous speed, n1 = f1 p , where f1 is the supply significant sideband frequencies are given by:
frequency and p the pole-pairs of the stator windings.
When a rotor fault appears the three-phase f = f1 (ν + 2ks ), ν = 1, 3, 5K , k = ±1, 2, 3K (1)
system becomes unbalanced and an additional, a
where ν is the harmonics order and k an integer number.
backward rotating magnetic field is produced, which is
The expected increased sideband frequencies
rotating at the slip speed, n 2 = n1 (2s − 1) , with respect
computed upon (1) are given in Table 1.
to the stator.
5. CONCLUSIONS 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As it can be seen from Fig. 5. several sideband The researches were supported by the National
harmonics appeared in the plotted power spectrum of Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education
the line current due to the rotor fault. The frequencies of (Romanian Ministry of Education and Research),
these harmonics depend on the slip and implicit of the respectively by the Sapientia Foundation (Cluj,
load and can be precisely determined using equation (1). Romania) to the authors.
To exemplify this the sideband harmonics in the
case of the faulty motor at the rated load are highlighted 7. REFERENCES
in Fig. 6. 1. Kim, K., and Parlos, A.G., "Model-Based Fault
Diagnosis of Induction Motors Using Non-Stationary
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2. Thomson, W.T., and Gilmore, R.J., "Motor Current
Signature Analysis to Detect Faults in Induction Motor
Drives – Fundamentals, Data Interpretation, and
Industrial Case Histories," Proceedings of 32nd
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3. Milimonfared, J. et al., "A Novel Approach for Broken
Rotor Bar Detection in Cage Induction Motors," IEEE
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4. Szabó, L., Bíró, K.Á., and Dobai, J.B., "On the Rotor
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Fig. 6. The sideband frequencies of the faulty motor Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference
As it can be seen, almost all of the frequencies MicroCAD '2003, Miskolc (Hungary), Section J
given in Table 1 were found in the analysed power (Electronics and Electrotechnics), 2003, pp. 81-86.
spectrum. This means that both the applied diagnosis 5. Ertoglu, N., "New Era in Engineering Experiments: an
method (MCSA) and equation (1) are well suited for the Integrated and Interactive Teaching/Learning
proposed rotor faults detection. Approach, and Real-Time Visualisations,"
The applied VIs are useful and can be utilised International Journal of Education, vol. 14 (1998),
also to the fault detection of other type of motors. no. 5., pp. 344-355.