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Culture Documents
Bd. 7 (1979), pp. 141-153 Published by: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25150051 . Accessed: 04/05/2012 10:37
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Anthony
Leahy
Most origin
of
the and R.
name in 8)
of
Osiris the
with
its j by and
first
these has
(Gardiner Erman
the
in
his
discussion
characterises
played of the
listed name3
it
Worterbuch
merely
appears
and me: in a
in
very
the
early
restricted
Eighteenth
context.
Dynasty
The
but
following
only
for
examples
short
are
period
known to
1)
of Hatshepsut, modified for Tuthmosis Sarcophagus of the Eighteenth (W.C. Hayes, Royal Sarcophagi IV) 157-61, C, pi. 1935, of Sarcophagus (Ibid., 161-3, Hatshepsut V-VI) D, pi. long III after his
I Dynasty,
Princeton
2)
3)
of Tuthmosis I, made Sarcophagus in the of Tuthmosis tainly reign 53. E, pi. VII) 163-5, (Ibid., of Sarcophagus (Ibid., 165-7, Sarcophagus in: (Hayes, III Tuthmosis F, pi. VIII-XI)
death,
almost
cer
4)
5)
tomb, VI.)
. My draft
no.
71
1 2
I See
here
Kitchen
graphic a number
such
as
comments A, 1976,
>pL on
| a
thanks version
are of
due this
to
Dr. article.
K.
3 *
recently
Helck,
121-4.
92-5.
142
Anthony
Leahy
SAK 7
6)
A number
mut, no.
of
35 3.
the
second
"secret"
tomb
of
Senen
mortuary
temple
of
Hatshepsut
at
Deir
el-Bahari.
confined arrogation
tombs is
royal sarcophagi of royal pre the reign or III, are either queen Tuthmosis of to con the of
and be the
termed fact
el-Bahari
limits on the of
not occur does rj ^ of Hatshepsut, made when she was only on that successor of Amenhotep the II, writing is presumably to be sought but
It was
Its j for
so
origin as
restricted
in why
not
a its
used
simple use
again
substitution should
until
divine
remains
determinative7,
unclear.
have
the
Late
Period,
when
it
is
used
quite
I would private inscriptions. can be fairly ance precisely a quo which terminus indicates
occurs must be.
indiscriminately that the date suggest and that established, how late an inscription
in of this
both this
royal
and
in
dated
cartouche of of
is
a block
from
Me of
ruler
a daughter Dynasty
course, only
While
"first"
occurrence
the
the not
first
actual extensive,
that
first
we
know
instance,
of
and
may,
in
fact,
when good
be
the
considerably
extant for
later
than
is that
especially nevertheless,
documentation thinking
there
are,
reasons
the fifth
reappearance Dynasty9.
of
does
not
antedate
the
advent
of
the
Twenty
5 6 7 Gardiner, William 6, A, pi. Gardiner of of 8 A-F. RecTrav see 1972, chronology Kenneth deities Isis on Egypt, C. Hayes, I and
186-7. Royal
Cf.
Lesko,
in: of
JARCE the
noted
Sarcophagi XII-XIII. 167-8, G, pi. that the is pennant rarely 8). It is mentioned -
1967, Dynasty, a it
113-8,
esp. Princeton
noteworthy here,
in
Hayes,
Royal
Sarcophagi,
now JE 33902. the For CXLIII block is in Cairo, 20-1, 1897, Rudamun, A. Third The Intermediate Period in Egypt Warminster Kitchen, (-TIP), on the notes and Klaus and Nubian of 322 "The Baer, Egypt: kings Libyan of Dynasties to XXVIn JNES XXII in: (o). 1973, 32, 20, 19,
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
143
The
number
of
dated
documents and it is
of
the
Third that
to
Period of Osiris
in
is tends,
contexts
relatively
because of
small,
its
unfortunate
funerary
connotations,
occur
which
of Montu
are
not
from
precisely
Deir el-Bahari1
datable,
,
such
and not
as
in
the
the
coffins
"secular**
of
the
royal
priests
inscrip
tions, the
as
the
Karnak which
and
records of
of the for
Nile
stelae constitute
Period13 is
its
significant, which
inscription
found
or Twenty-third Twenty-second common the Twenty-fifth from ly The of built touches In the chapel the date by of of Osiris the III hk3 dt
of any king of the reign and that it becomes increasing onwards. a confirmation striking In the Bubastite portion, car with inscribed the and and jj^ ^^J] | are dated out below), from occur once15. used16.
reappearance and the Takeloth form by victory (c. jjjg Shebitku, stela 727
Osorkon of Rudamun,
added the
reign
and jj *} Peksater
Examples
door-jamb j ca also
It name early
is
surely Re or
not
coincidence in Dynasties,
that a number of
| also
appears
as of
determinative the
of Die (Ibid.,
Re-Harakhte
Twenty-sixth Totenstelen,
agyptischen
e.g. Gluckstadt
112),
(Ibid., Bosticco, and tive
Oxford
201, Le
E.
A. stele
3922
9905;
(Ibid.,
RdE 20, di Thebes. a lintel the
fig.
1968, epoca
- all 100)
162-4, tarda
1973,
from Abydos;
Florence Leningrad is
Cairo
T.
2479 1098
27/1/25/14
(Ibid.,191; (Munro, a determina 216
egiziane from on in -
fig. of
10
| sign 1, Fall 10, no. 1967, (Expedition on a Twenty-fifth name stela Dynasty OIM 6408 and Abydos, (El Amrah 31). pi. des de Montou, Cairo 1913. anthropoides pretres New Kingdom in Egypt, Warminster (=LNK), 1975,
used
as
11 12 13 14
92 ff.
PM Von The Beckerath, most recent in: JARCE 5, of of in: JEA Mon. 1966, lists 43-55. of hk3 donation are 1900, and 16-30 54. and stelae based 125-34. the pi. on is the 146-9, that of Kessler, in:
collection
SAK 2,
My of in remarks the
1975,
on texts
104 n.
the
3.
Osiris dp RecTrav*22, XXI-XXVIII pi. 59, 1973, incomplete publication the photographs on Redford's report
chapel
15 16
Leclant, of
preliminary XVIII-XXII.
22, 125-8;
Thebains,
144
Anthony
Leahy
SAK 7
on wife
Amenirdis of Kushite
I, rule and
who
was
until
B.C.19. but in
Shabako *3 is
inscriptions increases
found, in
number of
occurrences
Taharka20.
substantially
the
reign
In in end
(i.e.
figure each of
by
1,
I have from
the
forms of the
of
the
name
of
Osiris
current
Twenty-second dated
king. a
only
reign of
inscriptions
particular
listed
unnecessarily
in
the
appendix.
long, but
The
because
period
of
of
the
time
small
thus
represented
of documents
may
seem
ex
number
the
over
the
absolute to are,
in
complete of range be of
should
frequency
occurrence I have
to
compress
included
I have and
an
the
have
attempted
on those
kings to
lines
arrangement
would
not
affect
the
pattern.
17 18
Ill, JE it
ll.18; 32022-3;
46.116. Amelineau, is Abydos here dead For the 1895-6; followed died and Z'AS by before 43, 1906, 49.Since whereas that the of name Piye 715). see name 1973, of from from was Kar Memphis, objects I at of For
father, Kashta, is that probable distinction RdE in: read as between 8, 1951,
m3c-hrwy
living as Piye
Piankhy, table
c. before (i.e. Piye on Kushite monuments, kings correct of the the reading cited in:JNES 32, by Baer, 1973, several 7, 1906, bronze 20 sites: 44; was and of (m). Examples statue bronze found contained Amenirdis
19
480, on
13; of
32,
statue 142,
3, Theban the
probably
origin cartouches
21
on the other Habu, hand, only jg to in addition the monuments cited in See, career of Montuemhat whose lasted from the I tichus 60. 139-40. Leclant, Montouemhat, For the of the latter part contemporaneity
(RecTrav 4-18). 1901, 23, some of the appendix, inscriptions of Taharka that of Psamme into reign 169. see of Dynasty 22 and Dynasty 23, the
Kichen,
TIP,
146.
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
145
Fig.
(a)
(b)
(c)
^
Sheshonk Osorkon I I x x
^
x
i
x
M"
x x
fi
(d)
Sheshonk Osorkon
Harsiese
x II II x x x x
x
Takeloth *Sheshonk
Pamai x
II xxx x III
x
x x
(e)
V x x x I x III x x III
x x x
x x
(f)
xxx xxx x x
xxx
are No examples attested IV or Iuput II. Osorkon fied pi. (a) Osorkon, am XIII. Graphic the spelling
variants
, "^^Jl
^^
, 3 , jITS H
<3 *. ( in the EL occurs I occurs w in the no.
derivation
,Jf" ^j$, ,
tomb of Osorkon
f,
II -
, Td
Montet,
(e)
on
stela is represent
usual value
from attested s
Atfieh. at and
stp on
name
Edfu it is
the
43,
2 20).*^^
from
suggest
as
r may
derive on the
from
the prin
1945,
108)
same
determinative^-.
(f) *
The in:
may
be
scribal
error,
but
cf.
Osing,
on
stone
monuments
from
these
reigns
146
Anthony
Leahy
SAK 7
It
should
be
clear their
from
the
appended
list provenance
that are
both
the
types
of
in
and any
geographical of
distortion In view
produced by the multiplicity does at seems not that to years common, form that I, it and the stelae indicate at and Memphis. gradual in
_ __^
in was
which not
occur
establish in Egypt
early
increasingly predominant noteworthy Psammetichus preservation, so Serapeum seems common origin to not
gradually the
replacing Dy before
Twenty-sixth at Memphis in
while
result the part one of on only years B.C. 20-1 this justified for this of spell in ortho
or
to 644
I22
We are northward
assuming
graphy .
a Theban
probably movement
so
far
from
any more
of
the been
chronology studied It of is
of in not (for is
to
the
briefly
Baer24.
possible
as a
permutations work)
dating
data
reader
the
to
of
Kitchen's
Jcj
but
criterion
some
comment
depends
usefulness
on
to
an give of TIP,
absolute Kitchen
to
the
of long
Gomaa27 to
Bierbrier*s from a
LNK2B.
idea
support
22
M.
are
des with
steles the
du to
attributed
de I,
pennant
26
27 28
272 Die
and
in:
Bierbrier, Fiirstentiimer
LNK, des
x. Wiesbaden 78-80.
LNK,
Faruk 83-4. LNK,
100.
libyschen Deltas, 1974,
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
147
of
the
in
the
of and period
Osiris Takeloth of of as
hk3
dt III
at in
Karnak. a re
their
co-regency, occurs
The
Rudamun
and twice?) (perhaps rest of the building29. at least of his Takeloth accession, III.
followed Since
very
depicted senior I, her Shepenwepet colleague, not at that the time been had yet is, adopted case was built, 19 of the Wadi Gasus in in which the year the chapel - Osorkon Ill's nine to cannot of these refer any kings scription31 III nor Rudamun Takeloth and neither teenth would have year passed - and can to so high a date refer would have reached II, Iuput only reign stite of the part seem it would chapel30 she that whereas as The those Osorkon main fer of
proves
already difference of
by
Bierbrier32. Kitchen's is reduced III33 is revised when applied is that II, five
years
757-754
B.C.)
and that
Baer s3-ist
772-?) Osorkon
demonstration
result to at
Osorkon least
a
which
instead
of at
the
five
For of by
convenience the
I have
tabulated
below
re of
arguments35:
29
RecTrav
30
JEA 133-4 and 22, 1900, ones in the of the third painted a further same indication time, of Rudamun reign statement that in in PM (g), Amenirdis scene this of the addition or III II2, and 205 Osorkon Mon. second the (5)
The cartouche 23. 1973, 59, room which were apparently of Amenirdis that the adoption followed are III by depicted Baer, in: JNES is
of all
is
The
32, quite
king the is
remains
the
representation
24 18, The wrong. Shebitku the of that 59, king the of 1973,
31 32 33
34
pi.
XIX.XXI).
143-5.
35
in:
JARCE
5,
1966,
45,
no.
13.
JNES 35,
1976,
276.
148
Anthony
Leahy
SAK 7
Fig.
Baer/ -
Wente
Bierbrier/Kitchen 793 803 787 759 757 754 720 715 can in to
I IV III III II
804
ff.
754
or
the
two
is
thus that
only
ten
and
it
Rudamun tomb
per
daughter's
years
allowing
twenty-five
generation36.
Even
as
as
this
has
some
immediate These
results cannot
for all
the be ex
Intermediate be noted be
jta
Period.
Takeloth,
assumed ,
cannot
since
in c. of bility
after years
the before be
death the
of
Takeloth known
II
would
be
earliest
therefore by
Takeloth's mentioned
envisaged
Rudamun, Osorkon
Kitchen40,
brother. on a
III,
daughter ist-nsyt
CG 4103542
not an earlier
respectively
king of
must
that
have
name.
been
offspring
of
Takeloth
III
and
to
year
Serapeum to them
stelae
should editors43.
also
be
given
later |
published 6 of year
212
36 37
span see
of
in
Egypt,
or
at
least
in
38
39
ASAE 54,
Kitchen,
1956,
TIP,
27.
467, 14 table ff. 32, 1973, 11.
*
41 **2 43
TIP,
ASAE 54, Alexandre 1913. The logue
290.
1956, Moret, (Bruyere) Sarcophages the ... editors l'epoque are well a in l'epoque their saite, introduction Cairo Cata
VII-XV.
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
149
years
later
20-21
than
of
the
Psammetichus
envisaged
I may
terminus
well
a quo.
be
correct
However,
as
three
those
of
dates
the
are
stelae
have date third loth very not it of that to Apis date. (i.e. does be a
been tentatively assigned higher of 10 + x years but no cartouche, of the Twenty-second Apis II. As the editors point since doubtful,, stela and may be suggested 14 of Shabako can in be the not that only even no. Dynasty, out, come the monument from
dates. was
No. assigned
20,
which
bears
a to Take is II is the
by Mariette 14 of year of such an Apis of Takeloth In view burial, No. 175 clear. to its
this,
may year
20 belongs and
postulated
discerned to no.
is
not
style
173,
to
and this Dynasty, the fourth Apis is undated, Pamai) those actually as none of
correct
dated these
Twenty-second Dynasty, no cartouche, and 2 of Pamai year (nos. are dated and enable be which would
that, stylistic
stelae
characteristics to a particular context but established Osiris $oes Takeloth of King not III Piye.
dating
cannot Apis, they should rather derive - that here the ortho reappear and until i.e.
for the graphy jj ^ the tion after royal 740-30 B.C., during
name
Rudamun,
a genera in about
44
Kush 8,
1960,
62-76.
15o
Anthony
Leahy
SAK
APPENDIX The monuments fig. of this on which the period are is based, listed Dynasty Sheshonk I stela Dedication Alabaster block endowment Temple Tanis Canopic jars JEA 27, Brugsch, RecTrav Montet, X-XII 1941, 83-95, pi. 949 817. Thes., 1. 4 35, 1909, 31, XLIX Tanis, IIIlpl. 22 name below. of Osiris occurs, and
on which
1 above
I statues Private Stela of Iwelot, son of Osorkon I stela Private of Cenotaph Iwapti son of Sheshonk I
of the Iwelot exact and dates Iwapti of are their
CG 42189. 42216 BM 1224 - Guide (Sculpture) no. 777 215, JEA 53, 63-8 1967, VII. BIFAO 75, 1975, pi.
included deaths being under Osorkon unknown.
1909, IX
monuments
for
convenience,
Sheshonk
Osorkon
II Hathor Private Usurped Festival Tanis Tomb chapel statues statue hall PM II2, 203-445 42225 CG 42213. Ahnas IV, Naville, el-Medineh, pi. C. 1 (BM 1146) VII. Naville, Festival-Hall, pi. X. XXII XXIV-XXVI. I, pi. Tanis, Montet, XXXI-XXXV 17 Ibid., 58, fig. 1-8 JEA 46, 1960, 3-23, pi.
Tanis Tanis
Harsiese
Canopic Statue
of
jars king
Medinet
Habu
Sarcophagus
Medinet
Habu
V,
10
45
I who
owe was
the
name of of the reading me a to send kind enough reading >J_ ]ff given of JL
Osiris latex by
in copy
this of Mon.
Mr.
CI. part
tion. being
The
275 in
E., the
a misinterpretation
other
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
151
Takeloth Karnak
II Bubastite Portal at Karnak, Reliefs and Inscriptions OIP 74, III, 18, col. 1954, pi. 3. 13 cols. 33; pi. 21, 153 ff. ASAE 54, 1956, Montet, Tanis, I, 83, fig. 27
Memphis
Tomb of Sheshonk, son of Osorkon II Ushabtis Tanis III Bubastite portal statue Private stela Donation stela Donation stela Donation Tomb Tanis Donation Donation stela stela
Delta West
Delta
col. 15 Reliefs 22, ...III, pi. CG 42232 61 ASAE 16, 1916, 59-67 JARCE 8, 1969-70, 41-5 RecTrav 1913, 35, XXIX. III, Montet, Tanis, pi. XXXIII XXXI. OIM 10511, unpub. Chicago Vostoka Moscow 5647; Epigraphica 1951 , 95-8 5,
Pamai
Memphis
Serapeum
stelae
S6rap6um
V Donation Serapeum stelae stelae JEA 6, 1920, ... Catalogue 11) and 31-3. 56-7, nos. 35-42 VII pi. 28 (Year 26. 37) (Year
23
I Private
actually owner of to the
statues
bear a
CG 42226-7
cartouche which is but dated as to its owner Pedubast, is it the can
Iuput Tell
The
I el-Moqdam
attribution of
Door
this
hinge
object to the
RecTrav
first
30,
Iuput
1908,
is
202
tentative see
Kitchen,
TIP,
98.
152
Anthony
Leahy
SAK
Osorkon Karnak
III Chapel hk3 Karnak Chapel Private Scarab K3mcm of Osiris dt RecTrav 22, B Chamber PM II2, 223, 42 CG 42222-4. ASAE 21,1921, 1900, U; 42229 25 129, LD Text III, III,
of
Osiris
stela
RecTrav chamber 1900, 22, 130, B and C chamber 132, 172-5 RecTrav 15, 1893, 2 XXIV, Abydos,III, pi.
Takeloth as Takeloth III, see
For Kitchen,
the
Usermaatre
Rudamun
Karnak Medinet
The view tomb of
Habu*
of the his brevity
RecTrav RecTrav
the is listed
22, 19,
reign here
1900, 1897,
of for
134, 20-1,
Wall
CXLIII
in
Rudamun, convenience.
Dynasty Bocchoris
Memphis Serapeum stelae
24
Catalogue
...
nos.
92-7.
101
25
52
statue Theology
Theology" text.
17,
pi.
"Memphite an earlier
debatable,
if
it
1979
The
name
of
Osiris
153
22, Mon.
1909,
126-7 269,
stela
(Edinburgh
than Good the God
ThSbains, 444)
reign Shebitku, of
The
Edinburgh as
is
probably a was
Karnak
44,
nb bnh
Chapel p3 dd Statues
100,
LXII-LXIII
Statues Tomb of
Serapeum
Leclant, Sacerdoces, 45-66, VIII-XV pi. XVI-XXII Ibid., 75-83, pi. Mon Thfcbains, Leclant, pi. LXXXVI
Catalogue ..., 125.127-8
The j*^
asterisk occurs.
indicates
the
inscriptions
in
which
the
spelling
Queen
fig.
an apparently iso I have noted article, completely a Middle a on is context. false This door Kingdom j^in of Amenemhat in: wife III, Dahshour, published by De Morgan, this of
p. "^ was .101. always If De a Morgan's potential copy writing is correct, of the then name of it may Osiris, in
but
actual
it
does
usage.
not
affect
the
argument
put
forward
here
regarding
its