CHEMMOTOLOGY

OF FUELS

AND

LUBRICANTS

CHANGE IN QUALITY OF TS-I JET FUEL DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE N. I. Melent'eva, I. V. Malysheva, N. N. Kalitina, and L. N. Savin UDC 62--634.004.4

TS-I fuel has been stored in large tanks that were 98% filled with product, under excess pressure, without any fuel addition or transfer. These are the most favorable c o n d i - ~ tions for storage, particularly in comparison with storage in smaller tanks. The contact area with air is small; the fluctuations of fuel temperature are slight; and there are only limited possibilities for the accumulation of solid contaminants, moisture, or corrosion products in the fuel. Studies of the changes in quality of various batches of TS-I fuel during storage in a large number of tanks have shown that, over a storage period of 5-6 years, the increases in acidity, existent gum content, and quantity of sediment in the static thermal stability test (GOST 9144--59) were very small, no greater than the allowable deviations in parallel tests. In a considerable number of fuel batches, these quality indices did not hhange at all. The fuel after storage had a quality reserve in all of these property indices just mentioned. The other fuel quality indices in accordance with GOST 10227--62 were essentially unchanged, with the exception of the iodine number and the content of mercaptan sulfur, both of which decreased slightly. Certain other fuel quality indices used in a set of qualification test methods were used in a 5-year investigation of TS-I fuel stored in i0 tanks, with the aim of defining storage life more precisely. The TS-I fuel was produced with a mercaptan sulfur content of about 0.005% (GOST 17323-71). Averagedresults from these studies are listed in Table i. The changes in thermal stability during the storage period for most of the fuel batches were no greater than the deviations allowed in parallel determinations. The average quantity of sediment formed in the thermal stability test showed a slight decrease during storage (from 14 to l0 mg/100 ml fuel), and the quantity of resins in the filtrate (which is not standardized in the qualification test procedures) varied between 14 and 17 mg/100 ml of fuel. It TABLE I. Average Values of Quality Indices for i0 Experimental Batches of TS-I Fuel
I -r4
9r l ,--I

4J

Storage period

mm~ Thermal stability (GOST I1802--66), mg/100 ml Sediment Resins Corrosivity at elevated temperature, g/m # Copper Corrosivity under moisture condensation conditions, g/m 2 Bronze Steel Mercaptan sulfur content, %

~ 0 9 t-I 0

4-J l,J ~ Ill

o N 14 14 14 17 12 14 12 17 i0 16 -4

18 Max Not limited

15 Max. Not limited

i0

i0

-5

0.0050 Max.

4 5 4 4 0.0054 0.0050 0. 049

-3 -i ~.001

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. i0, pp. 52-54, October, 1978.

0009-3092/78/0910-0769507.50

9 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation

769

TABLE 2. Thermal Stability of TS-I Fuel According to GOST 17751--72 in ist and 5th Years of Storage in Large Tanks TS-I fuel
batch number
1

Pressure across filter k~f/cm z storage: storagei perioa perioa change ,1 year. 5 year_s_,

2 3 4 5 6 7
8

-0,30 0,45
--

0,24 -0,05 0,02

--

9 10

0,22

0,30 0,18 0,20 0,29 0,13 0,50 0,15 0,07 0,10 0,06

--0,12 --0,25 -6,11

+211o
+0,05 --0,16

TABLE 3.

Test Results o n TS-I Fuel According to Quality Indices o f GOST 10227--62

Middle Volga storage period original C~Bde source of fuel T~afia Bashkiria storage period storage period original original 5 #ears I 6 years 5 years 16 years , 0,77T 13(
15~

5 y2ar-,. 16 ,~=r~
0,783E 140 150 174 213 239
i,32 4,6

Densityp~O
Distillation, *C ]BP 10%

7831 139 150 173 212 239

1,32

0,7831 138 146 . 173 210 235

1,32 4,6

0,777; 137 151 174 207 224 1,~ 5,0 28 0,30 30

0,777~ = 139
152

0,7777 139 153 175 2O8 226 1,25 5,1 27

50% 90%

98% Kinematic visdosity, cSt at 20"C at 4 r Smoke point, mm Acidity, mg KOH/IO0 ml~ Flash point, "C Initialc~]stallization t emperattFe, ~ _ .~ : Iodine numoer; g 12/100 Aromatic h~drocarbon conmnt" % Thermal stabiliW (GO~T 9144- ~9), ._.rot/100 ml Existent gum content, mg/lO0 ml Total sulfur . content, ~o , Mercaptan sulfur content, % Ash content, %

174 20E 224

1,2!

225
1,25 5,1

4,6 29 None 32

4,7 2r 0,3',

29

29

28
0,29 31 --60

0,28 31 --60 l,l 17,0

33 --60
--

32 -60 1,2 7,0

2~

7,% o
7,0 5,2

l.I
L8,0

do
7,0 4,2 1,2
0,16 ,

7,0 5,4
3,0 0,06 0,0017 0,0028

5,4
3,0 0,06 0,00 ~ 0,001

6,9 2,6
0,16

5,7 1,5

6,0 1,5 0,16

0,0025 0,0012

2,6
0,06

2,9
0,18

2,6
0,17

0,15 0~011

0,0020 0,0028

0,0026

0,0027

0,0026
0,0010

None

0,0032 ! 0,0012:

Note. N o n e of the samples contained any hydrogen sulfide, water-soluble acids or bases, solid contaminants, or water. All Samples passed the copper-strip corrosion test (3 h at 100~

770

TABLE 4.

Results Obtained on TS-I Fuel by Qualification Test Methods _ _ Crude r f Limits specified in Middle Volga [ Bashkiria Tatari_____.~a qualification test storage period storase period stora~ prqcadures 5 years ] 6 years . 5 years] 6 yearsl--~yygrs[ 6 years

Corrosion at 120~ with copper ~rrosion,. g/r~ z deposits, g [ m " sltidge, rn-g/lO0 ml Mercap~an s~fur contentj .%. . . . Carbon deposit numberLuminometer number Corrosionwith water saturation, g/~eel bronze Thermal stability accordin= to COST. 11802-68, rag/101) ml sediment resins Thermal stability under dynamic pressure d~Sp,'kgf/cm z preheater deposit rating Microlement content, wt. % vanadium nickel cobalt Characteristics of combustion in small chamber complsmnessof combustion with a = 4 Quantity of carbon deposit in 1 h

Max.

15

8,5 5,5 0,0010 0,0038 87 62 3,2 2,6

Max. Max. Min.

o,oo~ 95 55

Max. 18. Not limited Min. Max. Max. None 300 0,85 ,2

6,4 21,5 280 0,85 0,5

<lO--S <3.10 -6

conditions filter plu~.~in~ time, r~in

Below I0"s

<~1.10-s

Min. Max. Max.

0,94 4,5 1

0,96 2,5 0,51 1,7 23,3 78,0

of oper~ion., Contentof bicyclic 9 aromatic ttydrocarbom, ~o wea~,,mm critical load,kgf

criterion, %

Antiwear properties by KIIGA method

Not limited Not limited Not limited

Note. All fuels passed tests for interaction with water. contained any free alkali or naphthenic acids.

None of the fuels

was estalbished that the corrosivity of the experimental batches of fuel varied over wide limits; however, the average corrosion values, as determined at elevated temperatures in the presence of steel and bronze, indicated a certain decrease in corrosivity of the TS-I fuel during storage. This decrease in corrosivity is apparently related to oxidation of the most reactive mercaptans during storage. The data obtained in annual determinations of mercaptan sulfur content indicate a slight decrease in almost all batches of fuel, this decrease averaging 0.001%. The thermal stability was also determined by the dynamic method of GOST 17751--72 on several of the fuel batches when they were first stored and when they were removed from storage. These tests showed that, after 5 years of storage, all fuel batches met the requirements of the qualification test procedure for filter pressure drop after 5 h of test (Table 2) and for the amount of deposits in the preheater (rating of less than 2). The three batches of TS-I fuel obtained from crudes produced in different fields (Bashkiria, Tataria, and the Middle Volga) were examined for conformance to the qualification test requirements by four different organizations, after the fuels had been stored 5 and 6 years. The results of these tests showed that the TS-I fuel, after 5 and 6 years of storage, still met the requirements of the specifications and the qualification test procedures. No deterioration in fuel quality during the 6th year of storage was observed in any of the quality indices (see Tables 3 a n d 4). The results of these tests indicate the TS-I fuel retains its quality over 6 years of storage. Hence, the storage life of TS-I fuel in large tanks must be set at 6 years. 771