T

AASTHO LRFD

I. (Longitudinal steel reinforcement)

.
(For interior beam)

Mu 1537.51kN m

(Ultimate moment)

(Geometry of section)

bw 400mm

h 850mm

ts 190mm

be 2220mm

cover 40mm

D v 10mm

DB 32mm

sH 40mm

(Effective depth) 3

d h cover Dv DB sH

f'c 30MPa

DB

712 mm

fy 400MPa

1.
T
(Check of T-section)

0.9

ts

T Mnf 0.85f'c ts be d

Beam

"is Tee-section"

if

Mu Mnf

"is Rectangular section"

otherwise

Beam "is Rectangular section"

(depth of compression concrete block)

a d

2Mu
0.85f'c be

43.727 mm

5972.751 kN m

Beam

"is Tee-section"

a ts

if

"is Rectangular section"

otherwise

Beam "is Rectangular section"

2. (Case of Rectangular section)

As

0.85f'c a be
fy

As 9

( 32mm)

61.884 cm

72.382 cm

3.

(Neutral axis)

1 0.85 0.05
a

c
c
d

As fy
0.85f' c be
a
1

f'c 28MPa
7MPa

0.836

51.145 mm

61.199 mm

0.086 < 0.42, OK

f'c
min 0.03
0.0023
fy

As
bw d

0.0254

> min 0.0023 ,OK

4. (Moment Strength)
(net tensile strain)

dt h cover D v

DB

784 mm

u 0.003

t u

dt c
c

> 0.005, tension-controlled section

0.03543

( resistance factor)

0.9

Mn As fy d 1788.668 kN m
2

FS

Beam

Mn
Mu

"is safe."

, OK

1.163
FS 1.0

if

"is not safe."

"is safe."

otherwise

.
(For exterior beam)

Mu 1697.75kN m

(Ultimate moment)

(Geometry of section)

bw 400mm

h 850mm

ts 190mm

be 2050mm

cover 40mm

D v 10mm

DB 32mm

sH 40mm

(Effective depth) 3

d h cover Dv DB sH

f'c 30MPa

DB

712 mm

fy 400MPa

1.
T
(Check of T-section)

(depth of compression concrete block)

a d
Beam

2Mu
0.85f'c be

"is T-section"

52.627 mm
if

a ts

"is Rectangular section"

otherwise

Beam "is Rectangular section"

2. (Case of Rectangular
section)

As

0.85f'c a be
fy

As 9

( 32mm)

68.777 cm

72.382 cm

3.

(Neutral axis)

1 0.85 0.05
a

c
c
d

As fy
0.85f' c be
a
1

f'c 28MPa
7MPa

0.836

55.386 mm

66.274 mm

0.093 < 0.42, OK

f'c
min 0.03
0.0023
fy

As
bw d

0.0254

> min 0.0023 ,OK

4. (Moment

Strength)
(net tensile
strain)

dt h cover D v
t u

dt c
c

DB

784 mm

0.03249

u 0.003

> 0.005, tension-controlled

section

( resistance factor)

0.9

Mn As fy d 1783.142 kN m
2

FS

Beam

Mn

"is safe."

, OK

1.05

Mu

FS 1.0

if

"is not safe."

"is safe."

otherwise

II. (Transversal steel reinforcement)

(design data):

f'c 30 MPa

fy 400 MPa

As 72.382 cm

be 2220mm

h 850 mm

d 712 mm

1. dv
-

dv = max d

As fy
0.85f' c be

a
2

0.9de 0.72h

51.145 mm

de d 712 mm

dv1 d

a
2

686.428 mm

dv2 0.9de 640.8 mm

dv3 0.72h 612 mm

dv max dv1 dv2 dv3 686.428 mm

- (Case of Truck load)

i. (Moment)

L 12m
a dv 0.686 m

b L a 11.314 m

a b

0.647 m

3( b 4.3m)

0.401 m

3( b 2 4.3m)

0.155 m

(Axle Force)

P1 35kN

P2 145kN

MTr

P3 P2 145 kN

Pi i 157.444 kN m

i 1
ii. (shear force)

L dv
L

L dv 4.3m
L

0.943

0.584

L dv 2 4.3m
L

0.226

V Tr

i 1

Pi v 229.368 kN
i

- (Case of Lane load)

w 9.3

kN
m

i. (Moment)

( Influence line area):

H 3 0.647 m
AI

BH
2

3.883 m

B L 12 m
2

MLn w AI 36.112 kN m

ii. (shear force)

v L dv
3

AI

5.333 m

V Ln w AI 49.599 kN
- (Case of dead loads)
i. DC:

slab 10.34

kN

stem 6.47

Pdia 5.89kN

kN
m

10

kN
m

M ( x) = 0.5w x( L x)
V ( x) = w( 0.5L x)

(Construct the moment and shear diagram)

M ( x w) 0.5w x( L x)
x1 0

L
10

V ( x w) w( 0.5L x)

Moment diagram
0

Moment (kN.m)

50
100
150

Slab
Stem

200

Value
250

Span length (m)

10

12

Mslab M dv slab 40.15 kN m

Mstem M dv stem 25.123 kN m

dv
Mdia Pdia
2.022 kN m
2
MDC Mslab Mstem Mdia 67.294 kNm

Shear force diagram

100

Shear force (kN)

60

20
20

Slab
Stem

60

Value
100

Span length (m)

V stem V dv stem 34.379 kN

V slab V dv slab 54.942 kN

V dia

Pdia
2

2.945 kN

V DC Vslab Vstem V dia 92.266 kN

ii. DW:

DW 3.675

kN
m

MDW M dv DW 14.27 kN m

V DW V dv DW 19.527 kN

10

12

mgM 0.668

mgv 0.774

Mu 1.25MDC 1.5MDW 1.75mgMMTr( 1 33%) MLn

Mu 392.527 kN m
V u 1.25V DC 1.5VDW 1.75mgvVTr( 1 33%) VLn
V u 625.008 kN
2.

v 0.9

bv b w 400 mm

Vu
vu
2.529 MPa
v b v dv
vu
f'c

0.0843

3. x

38deg

Es 2 10 MPa
Mu
x
4.

dv

0.5Vu cot ( )
2Es As

0.000336

dv 686.428 mm

vu
f'c

0.084 < 0.1

x 0.000336 < 0.5 10

30.8deg
2.50

30.8 deg

38deg

Mu
x

dv

30.8 deg

0.5Vu cot ( )
0.000379

2Es As

x 0.000379

vu
f'c

0.0843

30.8deg
2.50

5.
(Shear strength provided by steel)

Vs

Vu
v

0.083MPa

f'c

b d 382.396 kN
MPa v v

6. (Spacing of transversal bar)

Av 2

( 10mm)
4

157.08 mm

( )

Av fy dv
Vs

cot ( ) 189.203 mm

-
(maximum stirrup spacing)

Av fy

smax1

346 mm
f'c

0.083MPa

b
MPa v

min 0.4dv 300mm

smax2

min 0.8dv 600mm

if

Vu 0.1f'c bv dv

otherwise

smax2 549 mm

spro Floor min s smax 10mm 180 mm

smax min smax1 smax2 346 mm

7.

T As fy 2895.292 kN

V
s

Right side

Mu

0.9dv

Av fy dv
spro

cot ( ) 401.947 kN

V u

0.5Vs cot ( ) 1463.197 kN

v

Left side T 2895.292 kN

Concrete

"is enough"

if

"is not enough"

Leftside Right side

otherwise

Concrete "is enough"

III.

(Control of Cracking) [A5.7.3.4]

= 1
s

123000e
s fs

dc

0.7 h dc

2dc

( 2)

e 0.75

dc 40mm 10mm
s 1
-

0.7 h dc

66 mm

1.12

fs =

dc

32mm

n M ( d x)
Icr

MDL 302.58kN m 17.67kNm 66.15kNm 386.4 kNm

MLL_IM 639.37kN m
M MDL MLL_IM 1025.77 kN m
Ec 4800MPa

f' c
MPa

Es
n round
8
Ec

-
Icr

2.629 10 MPa

nA 2nAs d
nA
x s s
b
beff
beff
eff

n8

As 72.382 cm

n As
be

be 2220 mm

2
2n As d
n As

168.399 mm
be
b
e

1
3
2
6
4
Icr be x n As ( d x) 2.065 10 cm
3
fs

n M( d x)
Icr

216.074 MPa

d 712 mm

< ts 190 mm, OK.

bw ( 2 40 mm 2 10mm 32mm )
2
123000

scracking
section

134 mm

mm e

s fs

2dc 249.105 mm

"is critical by cracking"

if

"is not critical by cracking"

s scracking
otherwise

section "is not critical by cracking"

IV. (Investigate the fatigue limit state)
-

z = 0.418m

Xcg = 3.464m

145kN

35kN

4.3m
CL
L = 12m

Xcg
z

145kN4.3m 35kN0
145kN 35kN

4.3m Xcg

3.464 m

0.418 m

L 12 m
2
1

( 0.5L z) ( 0.5L z)
L
2( 0.5L z 4.3m)
( 0.5L z)

2.985 m

0.985 m

MFT 35kN 1 145kN2 467.372 kN m

mgM.SI 0.511

Mfatigue 0.75 mgM.SI MFT( 1 0.15) 205.988 kN m

fmin = 0

ff = fmax fmin

MFTmax Mfatigue 205.988 kN m

fmax

n MDL MFTmax ( d x)
Icr

124.784 MPa

ff fmax 124.784 MPa

r
h

= 0.3

ffat 145MPa 55MPa( 0.3) 161.5 MPa > ff 124.784 MPa, OK.
V.

(Calculate the deflection and camber)

mg = m
-

NL

mg 1.0

Ng

2
5

0.4

limit

800

15 mm

d 712 mm

x 168.399 mm

Ag 685800mm
1.

Ig 4.018 10

Ma M 1025.77 kNm
f'c

fr 0.623MPa

MPa

3.412 MPa

Ig
Mcr fr
231.834 kNm
h ycg

Icr 2.065 10 cm
10

mm

ycg 258.60mm


M 3
M 3
cr
cr

6
4
Ie min
Ig 1
I

I
2.087 10 cm
Ma
Ma cr g

LL IM mg i (1 IM )
i 1

P1 35kN

LL ( x a )

PLL bx 2
(L b2 x 2 )
6 EIL

x 0.5L 0.728m 6.728 m

a 0.5L ( z 4.3m) 10.718 m b L a 1.282 m
1

P1 b x
6Ec Ie L

L 2 b 2 x 2 0.742 mm

P2 145kN

x 6.728 m
a x 6.728 m
2

P2 b x
6Ec Ie L

b L a 5.272 m

L 2 b 2 x 2 9.235 mm

P3 145kN

LL ( x a) =

PLL a
6E I L

2L x x 2 a 2

x 0.5L z 6.418 m

( )

a 0.5L z 4.3m 2.118 m

3

P3 a( L x)
6Ec Ie L

b L a 9.882 m

2L x x 2 a 2 4.702 mm

x3 0.5L z 5.582 m

a3 0.5L 4.3m z 9.882 m

b3 L a3 2.118 m

P3 b3 x3
L 2 b 2 x 2 4.702 mm
3
3
3
6Ec Ie L

Tr mg 1 2 3 ( 1 0.33) 7.809 mm < limit 15 mm, OK

-

25%

( x) =

wx
24E I

L 3 2L x 2 x 3

kN
wLn 9.3
m
Ln

x 0.5L z 6.418 m

wLn x
24Ec Ie

L 3 2L x 2 x 3 4.55 mm

LL mg Ln 25% Tr 3.772 mm < limit 15 mm, OK.

2.

[A5.7.3.6.2]

kN
wDC 16.81
m

kN
wDW 3.675
m

kN
wDL wDC wDW 20.485
m

DL ( x)

wDL x
24Ec Ie

L 3 2L x 2 x 3

x 0

L
10

Deflection (mm)

Dead load deflection (mm)

0
5
10
15

1.2

2.4

3.6

4.8

7.2

8.4

Distance from left support (m)

CL DL ( 0.5L) 10.08 mm
/ (Concentrated load)

9.6

10.8

12

Pdia 5.89kN
dia

1 Pdia L
48

Ec Ie

0.386 mm

6
4
Ie 2.087 10 cm

camber = ( 1 ) i
3

i CL dia 10.466 mm

Ie ( 1 ) i 41.866 mm
6
4
Ig 4.018 10 cm

i
4

1 Pdia L
48

Ec Ig

wDL L

384

Ec Ig

5.437 mm

Ig ( 1 ) i 27.183 mm

camber max Ie Ig 41.866 mm