Map 54 Epirus-Acarnania

Compiled by W.M. Murray, 1994 Introduction

The first systematic investigations of north-west Greece were carried out during the nineteenth century by Leake (1835), Heuzey (1860), Lolling (1989, for work done in 1876-77), Oberhummer (1887), Partsch (1887; 1889; 1890), and Woodhouse (1897). Progressing slowly over the mountainous terrain on foot, these men recorded in detail many observations that still remain our best evidence for numerous sites throughout the region. In recent years, still more has been learned from the work of Hammond (1967), Dakaris (1971; 1972), Cabanes (1976; 1985; 1986; 1987), TIB Nikopolis, Murray (1982), Bommelj (1987), Pritchett (1994; SAGT 7-8) and others, who often retraced the steps of the early travelers in their search for additional details. Through the combined results of these investigations, a reasonably clear picture has emerged which forms the basis of the map. Generally speaking, the region covered includes many small settlements (both fortified and unfortified) whose ancient names will never be known. My goal has been to include as many of these sites as possible in order to reflect more accurately the distribution of population, and to reduce the apparent significance of those small settlements whose names do happen to be preserved. In order to avoid overcrowding the map (and thus rendering it unintellgible), I have selected those sites that possess one or more of the following characteristics: a fortification wall sufficient to enclose at least 0.1 hectare; building foundations appropriate for a small settlement; and tombs in sufficient numbers to represent the cemetery of a settlement rather than, say, one familys grave enclosure. The region also includes a great many fortresses and towers (cf. Plutarch, Aratus 50.7). As many as possible of these are marked, although a number of small signal towers and small open sites are omitted for the sake of clarity in a few areas of dense habitation. Likewise omitted for the same reason are several small bridges recorded by Dakaris (1972, 186-87) in Thesprotia. Throughout, the goal has been to reflect the sites reported in the fundamental accounts by Hammond (1967), Dakaris (1971; 1972) and TIB Nikopolis for Epirus; by Oberhummer (1887), Murray (1982) and Pritchett (1994; SAGT 7-8) for Acarnania; and by Woodhouse (1897) and Bommelj (1987) for Aetolia. Because no comparable account yet exists for the islands, it has not proved possible to be quite so rigorous there. Homeric toponyms are omitted unless they are attested as actual place names by later ancient writers. Thus Nerikos and Same are marked, but not Scherie, which is never referred to as an historical place. It has sometimes been difficult to locate sites mentioned by early travelers, either because the remains have since disappeared, or because the nineteenth century names have changedeven more than once. In the northern regions of the map, the sites are less well documented, detailed maps are less easy to obtain, and much of the scholarship appears only in inaccessible Albanian journals. It is common to have two or more sites associated with an ancient name, because in most areas the number of sites greatly exceeds the number of preserved names. Question marks reflect such uncertainties. Although the strings of settlements reaching inland from the coast reveal that the region was originally criss-crossed by a net of foot- and bridle-paths, these are omitted. An attempt has been made, however, to indicate certain significant routes that passed through the region. Since the evidence seldom reveals their exact course over a long distance, many stretches are marked as approximate only. For details, consult the journeys of the early travelers mentioned above, Cabanes (1976) Map 2, and the discussions of Hammond (1967, 690-700), Axiote (1980) and Pritchett (1994, 179-241). Representation of the changing positions of coastlines and coastal lakes calls for an equally conservative approach. Good evidence exists to show that some regions have experienced a relative rise in sea level of almost 11 ft since antiquity (Murray 1982, 460-62; 1988). This encroachment by the sea (partly due to land subsidence) is not uniform across the entire region. In addition, near the rivers it has been offset to an unknown degree by the

804

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA

deposition of alluvial sediments. Although a clear picture of the ancient coastline, based on geological evidence, has yet to be published, I have attempted to follow such evidence as exists (such as for the Achelous delta). Where it does not, certain changes attested by ancient authors are at least reflected. Where it is impossible to establish the exact degree of change, the modern coastline is left unaltered, but the main areas likely to have been affected are rendered as swamp, following the example of Dakaris in his studies of Thesprotia and Kassopia. My earlier determination of the broad outlines of the coastlines progression past Oiniadai toward the Oxeiai islands (Murray 1985) now calls for modification in the light of Freitag (1994), which convincingly exploits the literary testimonia to demonstrate a more complex situation. As a result, I have now drawn the mouth of the R. Achelous with the help of J.C. Kraft, who relies on a study of sediment cores made by Villas (1984). Moreover, in recognition of the doubts raised by Freitag, the coastal lake Melite appears only as an Unlocated Toponym.

Directory
All place names are in Greece unless otherwise noted Abbreviations
DioCaliph HNC 010 IG 2 TIB Nikopolis Dionysius Calliphontis filius, Anagraphe tes Hellados, in GGM I, 238-43 Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, Hellenic Nautical Chart 010: Kerkira I. Ipiros Coasts, Athens, 1960 (corrected 1983) G. Klaffenbach, Inscriptiones Acarnaniae, 9.1, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1957 P. Soustal, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 3, Nikopolis und Kephallenia, DenkWien 150, 1981

Note: For commentary on Polybius references, see Walbank 1957.

Names
Grid C4 D4 C3 C3 C4 C4 B3 inset C3 C4 C3 C4 D2 D5 C4 C4 C3 D4 D3 C3 D2 C5 D2 C2 Name Acarnania Achelous fl. Thoas fl. Acheron fl. Acherusia L. Actium Actium Pr. Agia Ag. Dimitrios Ag. Georgios Ag. Ioannis Rodakis Ag. Kyriake Ag. Mina Ag. Panagia Ag. Pandeleimona Ag. Sophia Ag. Thomas Agora Agrai(i)s Agriliais Aidonia Aiginion Stagos Ainos M. Aithikia Akropolis Passaron Period CHRL ACHRL ACHRL CHR ACHR ACHRL H L CHR? C HR C?H? C?H? CH L L H CH C?H? C?H H A?HR CH CHR Modern Name / Location Akarnania Akheloos, formerly Aspropotamos Akheron Aktion, formerly Punta Akra Akri near Lagopodon Reference Oberhummer 1887, 2-3 Oberhummer 1887, 14-18; NPauly RE 1 Hammond 1967, 69, 478 RE Aktion RE Aktion Dakaris 1972, 136 Lauffer 1989, 716; TIB Nikopolis 191-92 Lagopodon Dakaris 1971, 52, 80, 96 Drpfeld 1927, 263-65 Dakaris 1972, 132, 199 Benton 1931, 233 Hammond 1967, 177 Murray 1982, 57-61 Vokotopoulos 1984, 129 TIB Nikopolis 270 Dakaris 1972, 138 Hammond 1967, 247 SAGT 8, 34-37 Dakaris 1971, 53, 82 Hakkert, Lex. 3 Partsch 1890, 88a (n.1) Hammond 1967, 477, 681 Hammond 1967, 181-82, 577

near Pramanda Basilica E, Nicopolis

Nea Koutsouphliani? Ainos, formerly Megalo Vouno Gardiki hill

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Grid C5 C3 C4 C3 C4 C3 D3 C4 D4 C3 C3 B3 C1 C3 A2 C4 D3 D4 D4 C2 D5 C2 C3 D4 C5 C3 C3 C3 B2 C3 Name Al(al)komenai Alpokhori Alyz(e)ia Alosum Aiofus Ambracia Ambracius Sinus Ambracus Amphilochia Anactorium Anapos? fl. Ano Kotsanopoulo Ano Rakhi Anthousa Aous fl. Aphas fl. Aphionas Apollo Leukatas, T. Arachthos fl. Arat(h)thos fl. Argeia Argos Amphilochikon? Arktanes Arsinoe = Konope Artemita? Pr. Artemita? Ins. Artista Assos? Astakos Asteria Ins. Batiai Bitia Berenike? Bestia Bodrisht Bouchetion? Bouchaition Boucheta Boucheton Bouga Bouthroton Cephallania Ins. Chalkis Charadra fl. Charadros Charadra Chaonia Chaunoi Cheimerion? Limen = Glykys? Limen Cheimerion? Pr. Corcyra Corcyra Ins. Crania M. = Hieron Oros uke Period ACHR A?CHR CHRL ACHR ACHRL CHR? CHR ACHR C H HR? CHR? HR H HR? ACHR C CHR CH HR C HL? HR? CHR HR ACH CHR? CHR HR ACHRL Khounovina Aristi Ag. Minyas near Assos Astakos Daskaleio Kastri (near Lelovo) Kastrosykia ALB Rogous Modern Name / Location Palaiokastro on Atos Kandila Arta Ambracian Gulf Phidokastro Ag. Petros, near Nea Kamarina Gero Poros Reference Lauffer 1989, 282 Dakaris 1971, 52, 81, 96 Murray 1982, 106-21; TIB Nikopolis 170-71 Kandeles Hammond 1967, 140, 822 RE Hammond 1967, 138-39 Thuc. 2.68.5; Hammond 1967, 247 RE Thuc. 2.82; Pritchett 1994, 227-28 Dakaris 1971, 81 Dakaris 1971, 81, 96 Dakaris 1972, 100, 136 See Map 49 Cabanes 1985, 518-19 Philippson 1956, 432 (no. 146) Drpfeld 1927, 271-74 Oberhummer 1887, 19; RE Thuc. 2.80.8; Hammond 1967, 247 Hammond 1936, 128; SAGT 8, 13-20 Hammond 1967, 526-27, 532 Murray 1985, 104-105; Freitag 1994, 234-35 Hammond 1967, 269-70, 659 StByz ; Hammond 1967, 56-57, 708 RE 1 Partsch 1890, 58 (n. 2) Hammond 1967, 55; Dakaris 1971, 183-88

805

ALB / GRE Louros Arachthos region of Argos Amphilochikon Ag. Ioannes, near Neokhori

Hammond 1967, 49, 578-79; Dakaris 1971, 51, 78-79, 95 Dakaris 1971, 52, 80-81, 96 Hammond 1967, 204-205 Hammond 1967, 456-57, 475; Dakaris 1971, 177-83; TIB Nikopolis 252 Rogoi Hammond 1967, 151 Cabanes 1986, 120-24; TIB Nikopolis 132-34 RE Kephallenia; TIB Nikopolis 175-77 Philippson 1956, 171-72 (no. 152); Hammond 1967, 255, 708 SAGT 8, 27-29 Dakaris 1971, 52, 80; Cabanes 1985, 514-30 See Map 49 Hammond 1967, 701 Gomme 1945, 180-81; Hammond 1967, 475 RE Korkyra; Lauffer 1989, 323-28 RE Korkyra; Lauffer 1989, 323-28 Hammond 1967, 99

D3 B2 B5 D2 D4 C3 B2 B2 B3 A2 A2 B2

H ACHRL ACHRL C?H? C CHR H CHR ACHRL ACHRL C?H?

Butrinti ALB Kephallenia Khaliki? Loutron Kastri at Palaia Philippias ALB

Akra Trophale Kerkyra / Corfu Kerkyra / Corfu ALB

806 Grid B2 D4 B2 C4 C2 B2 D5 D3 B2 D4 C3 D4 D5 C4 B3 C3 D4 inset C3 C3 B3 B3 B3 C3 C4 C5 D2 D4 D3 C3 B2 D3 C4 C3 C2 B2 B2 B3 D3 Name uk e Ajtojt Derion? Derieis? Dhrovian Dioryktos? Perdioricto? Dodona Dodone Doliane Dolicha? Ins. Dovro Dramese Drymos Dryopis Duo Ekklesies Echinades Inss. Echinai Inss. Echinos Elaias Limen Elaias? Limen = Glykys? Limen Elaiatis Elaos? Elatus M. Elat(r)eia? Elea Elimi Elina Elinia Elinoi Ellenika Elleniko Elleniko Elleniko Stathmo Ellenikouli Embesos Ephyra/ Kichyros Epirus Epitaphion Euripos? Euroia? Eurymenai? Gardiki Gitana Titana Glykys?/ Elaias?/ Cheimerion? Limen Gourgiana Period ACHL C?H?

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Modern Name / Location ALB Skortou ALB Peratia Dodone Reference TIB Nikopolis 138 ifliku; Islami 1982 SAGT 8, 81-85 Hammond 1967, 120 RE Leukas, col. 2234; Murray 1982, 190-92 Hammond 1967, 168-72; TIB Nikopolis 143 Hammond 1967, 86-87; Dakaris 1972, 112, 206 RE Echinades Hammond 1967, 251 Dakaris 1972, 147-48 TIB Nikopolis 148 DioCalliph 30; Hammond 1967, 425 Bommelj 1987, 107 Stamna RE SAGT 8, 93-97 Dakaris 1972, 96 Thuc. 1.46.4; Hammond 1967, 446 Bommelj 1987, 75; SAGT 7, 18-39 Pliny, NH 4.53 Hammond 1967, 52, 477-78; Dakaris 1971, 171-75 Dakaris 1972, 37, 97-99, 201 Hammond 1967, 79-80; Dakaris 1972, 100-102, 144, 203 Hammond 1967, 678; Dakaris 1972, 102-104, 145-46, 203 StByz ; Hammond 1967, 678 Dakaris 1972, 95 Drpfeld 1927, 260 Philippson 1956, 500 (no. 110) Hammond 1967, 260 SAGT 8, 33-34 Hammond 1967, 244-45 Hammond 1967, 64-65, 478; Dakaris 1972, 80, 95, 199-200 Hammond 1967, 3, 476, 828 Hammond 1967, 152 SAGT 8, 90-93; H.-J. Gehrke Dakaris 1972, 136-37, 200-201; TIB Nikopolis 158 Glyky Hammond 1967, 173, 527; TIB Nikopolis 158 Glyky, 173 Kastritsa Dakaris 1972, 158-59 Hammond 1967, 83-86, 693; Dakaris 1972, 150; Prka-Alexandri 1993, 103-106 Strabo 7.7.5; Hammond 1967, 475 Hammond 1967, 513-14, 547 Gomme 1945, 180-81 Hammond 1967, 152

C?H? C?HRL? ACHRL C?HR? HR C?H?R? H L A?R C?HL CHR H C?H C H R ACHR CRL CHR CHR H H C?H? C?H? C?H? C?H? C?H?R? ACHR ACHRL C?H? H HRL CHL H CH HR/ CH/ C H

Koutsilaris at Paliokklesi region of Ambracia near Stamna Echinades Vonitsa plain Cheimerion region of Ephyra Kastro at Ag. Georgios (above Sideroporta) Vrakhionas Paliorophon Khrysavgi, formerly Veliane near Koutsi, formerly Polynerion Dymokastro, formerly Elimokastro? at Tsangari on Marathia near Koutsouphliani Mesopotamon Epeiros ALB / GRE Rouga Glyky Kastritsa between Gardiki and Plagia Gkoumani near Ormos Ag. Ioannou

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Grid D5 D2 B3 B2 C3 C2 C4 C3 C4 D3 C4 D3 D3 B2 C2 D3 C2 A3 B2 A2 A2 C5 C5 D5 C4 D2 C3 B2 C2 C3 inset C4 B3 B2 A2 A2 C3 C3 C4 C3 D4 C4 C3 D3 C3 C3 C5 Name Gouria Gradetsi Grika Hadrianopolis Adrianoupolis Hani Emin Aga Helikranon? Hellomenon Herakleia? Herakleia? Hieron Oros/ Crania M. Hieros Limen Herakleous Horreum = Orraon Idomene Maior Idomene Minor Igoumenitsa Ilion? Inachos fl. Ioannina Ionium Mare Ioustinianoupolis Istone? M. Istone? M. Ithaca Ithaca Ins. Ithoria Kakavoula Kalarritai Kalenzion Kalivo Kalokhori Kalogeritsa Kalogeros Kammania = Kestrine Karnos Ins. Karteri Kasnetsi Kassiope Kassiope Pr. Kassope Kassopia Kastellaki Kastri Kastri Kastri Lithies Kastrion Kastriotissa Kastriza Kastro Kastro tou Sordatou Period H C?H? H HRL C?H? H C H H HR C?HR? C C R?L? R L L CHR CHR ACHRL ACHRL CHR HR C?H? H? ACHR C?H? C?H? ACHR CHR H RL HRL HR ACHR CH C?H C?H? C?H H ACH C?H H A?CH C?H at Bregu i Melanit, above Nepravishta ALB Pantokrator (N Kerkyra) Ag. Deka (central Kerkyra) Polis Ithake Ag. Ilias tower on Sklavaina road ALB E Kalokhori Modern Name / Location N Megali Gotista Sofratik near Libohov ALB Khrisorrakhi, formerly Zagoriani near Nydri near Strevina Thesis Lekka Valaora Mytikas Ormos Palaiokoula Alonaki Despotikon, formerly Kretsounista Reference Bommelj 1987, 84 Hammond 1967, 181 Dakaris 1972, 140 TIB Nikopolis 146-48; Cabanes 1986, 119 Hammond 1967, 157-58 Polyb. 2.6.2; Hammond 1967, 194, 596 Partsch 1889, 21; W. Murray Cabanes 1985, 528 (but cf. 524) SAGT 8, 97-101 Hammond 1967, 140 Murray 1982, 114-21 SAGT 8, 43-45 SAGT 8, 45-46 Dakaris 1972, 204 Philippson 1956, 667 (no. 90); Hammond 1967, 197, 696 See Map 55 TIB Nikopolis 165-67 See Map 1 Procop., Aed. 4.1.36; TIB Nikopolis 146-48 Dryinupolis RE Korkyra, cols. 1408-1409 RE Korkyra, cols. 1408-1409 RE Ithake, col. 2299; Lauffer 1989, 282-83 KlPauly Bommelj 1987, 74 Ag. Ilias Murray 1982, 138-41 Hammond 1967, 178-79 Hammond 1967, 176 Hammond 1967, 98; Budina 1981, 7-8 Hammond 1967, 189 Hammond 1967, 158 Benton 1931, 213-17

807

Kalamos Kassiopi Akra Kassope Kamarina near Mytikas near Derviziana near Mytikas

fortified settlement near Thesprotiko

RE 1 Dakaris 1972, 144 Dakaris 1972, 205 RE Korkyra, col. 1413; TIB Nikopolis 172 RE Korkyra, col. 1407; Elias 1997, 78 (=HNC 010) Dakaris 1971, 101-33; Lauffer 1989, 307-308 Demosthenes 7.32; StByz Rhomaios 1930, 144 Philippson 1956, 106 (no. 78); Hammond 1967, 163-64 Murray 1982, 87-91 Murray 1982, 192-95 Hammond 1967, 67, 540; Dakaris 1971, 164-70 Hammond 1967, 149-50; SAGT 8, 41-47 Hammond 1967, 69; Dakaris 1972, 100, 135 Dakaris 1971, 52, 79-80 Partsch 1890, 73

808 Grid inset B2 C3 C4 C2 D2 C3 B3 B2 B2 C3 C3 C4 D3 B2 D2 C3 C3 C2 B2 B2 C4 C3 C3 C1 D4 C3 D4 C5 D3 C3 D4 D4 B2 D4 inset B3 D2 B2 C4 C4 C4 B3 D3 B3 D4 inset B2 C5 Name Kat' Eleos Kato Aetos Kato Mousiotitsa Katokhori Kato Zalongon Kelaithoi Kerasson Kerentza Kestria? Kestrine/ Kammania Kheimadio Khoika Khortata Khuka Kichyros = Ephyra Kiraios Sinus Kitios M. Kleisoura 1 Kleisoura 2 Klimatia Klisia Kodra e Ducs Kokkino Stephani Kokkinopilo Komaros Limen Konitsa Konope/ Arsinoe Korone Koronta Krane Kranioi Kraneia? Krania Krenai? Krithote Pr. Ktismata Kyathos? fl. Kyllene Kynos Kephale? Pr. Lakmon M. Lemiko Leucas Leucas Ins. Leukadia Ins. Leukata(s) Pr./ Leukas Petra Leukimma Pr. Liapokhori Limani Ozia Limnaia Limni Keriou Litharostrougga Logarata Period H?R? H H C?H? C?H? CH CH CH CH CH CH CH A H? C H C?H? CH C?H? L HL? C?H H?R? HR L

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Modern Name / Location Reference Benton 1931, 218 Dakaris 1972, 152 Hammond 1967, 157; Dakaris 1971, 80 Drpfeld 1927, 261 Hammond 1967, 188 Hammond 1967, 526, 532, 703 Dakaris 1971, 80 Dakaris 1972, 96, 134 Hammond 1967, 94-95, 677 Hammond 1967, 446, 480, 701; Cabanes 1987 Dakaris 1971, 53, 82 Dakaris 1972, 97, 137 Drpfeld 1927, 169 Hammond 1967, 152 Hammond 1967, 451, 474 Hammond 1967, 281 Dakaris 1971, 80 Dakaris 1971, 53, 82 Hammond 1967, 191-92 Hammond 1967, 86 Hammond 1967, 97; Dakaris 1972, 151; TIR Nicopolis 282 Zmini Murray 1982, 208-11 Dakaris 1971, 96 Strabo 7.7.5; Elias 1997, 65 (=HNC 212/1) Philippson 1956, 76 (no. 5); Hammond 1967, 273 StByz ; Bommelj 1987, 77 Angelokastron (A) Dakaris 1972, 134-35 SAGT 8, 102-103 Partsch 1890, 80 Hammond 1967, 140 Dakaris 1971, 80 Hammond 1936, 133; 1967, 248 (n. 1); SAGT 8, 20-22 Bursian 1862, 118 Hammond 1967, 200 Woodhouse 1897, 210 See Map 58 RE Korkyra, col. 1407 Strabo 7.5.8; Hammond 1967, 451 Hammond 1967, 90; Dakaris 1972, 159-60 RE; Murray 1988 RE RE Leukas, col. 2236; Elias 1997, 55 (=HNC 21) RE Korkyra, col. 1407 SAGT 8, 40-41 TIB Nikopolis 227-28 Paxos Saraga 1991; SAGT 8, 2-6 Hdt. 4.195.3; Mller 1987, 915-18 Dakaris 1972, 157-58 Partsch 1890, 68

Aetos ALB region between R. Thyamis and R. Pavla

gulf S Buthroton Avgo SW Klimatia Zmineci ALB

Limani Komaros (S extremity of Ormos Nikopoleos) Angelokastron Khrysovitsa Argostolion Sikies Palioavli Akra Tourkovigla SW Ktismata Dimikos, formerly Neskhio Akra Asprokavos Lakmon near Tsamandas ALB Kalligoni Leukas, Leukada Akra Doukato, formerly Kavos Kyras Akra Lefkimis Amphilochia (Karavassaras)

ACHRL H ACH CHR CH H CH HR H HR L CHR H ACHRL ACHRL CHRL CHR C?H? L CH C H C?H?

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Grid C4 D4 D4 C4 B2 B3 B2 C3 B3 B2 C4 B3 C5 D4 D3 D4 D4 C3 B2 C2 B3 C3 C4 D5 C5 C3 C4 C3 C4 D5 D4 B1 B2 C2 C2 C4 C4 C3 C3 D5 D5 B2 C5 C4 C3 D2 C4 Name Lykoniko Lykovitsi Lysimacheia Magoula Maiandria? Makrykhora Malan Mandrotopos Margariti Masklinitsa Mavroneri Mazarakia Mazata Medion Mesokhora Metropolis? Metropolis Mikhalitsi Molossis Moni Sosinou Morphe Mouzakeika Myrtountion L. Nasos Nea Skala Nekromanteion Nerikos? Neritos? Nicopolis Nydri Oiniadai Olpai Omphales Onchesmos Anchiesmos Anchialos Onopernoi Oraiokastron Ormos Vathy 1 Ormos Vathy 2 Oropos? Orraon/ Horreum Oxeiai/ Thoai Inss. Paianion Palaiokastro Palaiokastro Palaiokatouna Palaiokhori Palaiokhori Palairos Period C?H? C?H ACHR C?H HR H C?H? H HR CHR C?H? H C?H? CH C?H? ACH C A?CH CHR C?H? HR? CH HR H RL ACH C RL L CHR? CH CH C?HRL CH C?H?L? RL? A?C? A?C?HR H/ H A?HR H C?H? C?H? C?H? CH CH CHR Trikardo Agrilovouni Sarand, formerly Santi Quaranta ALB formerly Lakhanokastron inner harbor of Nicopolis formerly Limena Vatheos, on Meganisi Voulista Panagia Ammotopos Oxia, Koutsilaris Mastron at Mavropoulon W Pronnoi SE Palaiokatuna Yiatelyio Kekhropoula Modern Name / Location Reference SAGT 8, 108-13 Heuzey 1860, 364-67 SAGT 6, 136; Bommelj 1987, 94

809

Mourstianou Karalibeu ALB

N Mavroneri spring above Karysata Katuna Palaiomanina near Olpai fortified site Limni Voulkaria Portes on Skoupas villa and basilica at Miampeli / Ag. Athanasios Ag. Georgios Palaio-Preveza

Klaffenbach 1935, 718; SAGT 8, 97 Hammond 1972, 659, 677-78 Kara-Ali-Bey; Budina 1981, 8 Dakaris 1972, 143-44 Hammond 1967, 97 Dakaris 1972, 137 Dakaris 1972, 202 Dakaris 1972, 108, 150, 204 Drpfeld 1927, 260-61 Dakaris 1972, 143 Partsch 1890, 68 SAGT 7, 83-88 Hammond 1967, 251 SAGT 7, 8-15; Murray 1982, 24 SAGT 8, 26 Dakaris 1971, 51, 78-79 Hammond 1967, 673-76, 683 Hammond 1967, 196 Dakaris 1972, 142-43, 202 Dakaris 1971, 52, 82 Oberhummer 1887, 19 Murray 1985a TIB Nikopolis 259; Lauffer 1989, 319 Dakaris n.d. 3-22 Murray 1982, 189-90 Lauffer 1989, 469-71; TIB Nikopolis 213-14 TIB Nikopolis 216 RE 1 SAGT 8, 22-25 Hammond 1967, 704-705 TIB Nikopolis 255-56 H. Saranda; Cabanes 1986, 119-20 Hammond 1967, 532, 538-39, 565 Hammond 1967, 270-71; TIB Nikopolis 191 Lachanokastron Leake 1835 I, 196; Hammond 1967, 48 Benton 1931, 232 Dakaris 1971, 52, 80, 96; Cabanes 1985, 518-19 Cabanes 1985, 518-24 Oberhummer 1887, 21-22; RE Bommelj 1987, 96 Mastron Philippson 1956, 91 n. 4 (no. 13) Partsch 1890, 74 Drpfeld 1927, 256-58 Hammond 1967, 164; Dakaris 1971, 52, 81 Hammond 1967, 251 RE; Murray 1982 141-56

810 Grid C5 B5 C2 C2 C3 C3 C5 C2 D5 C3 B2 D2 D3 B3 B3 B2 B2 B2 D4 C4 A2 B2 C4 B3 B2 D3 B2 B2 D4 B3 C3 B2 C4 C3 C4 A2 D4 A1 C4 C5 B3 C2 C3 A2 B2 C5 Name Palatia Pale Paliouri-Dragoumi [Pambotis L.] Pandosia? Pandosia L. Panormos Passaron Paracheloitis Paramythia Parapotamos Paroraia Patiopoulo Paxoi Inss. Paxos Ins. Pec Pelodes Limen Pente Ekklesies Petitaros fl. Phagia Phalakron Pr. Phanota? Phara Phaskomelia Philiates Phloriada Phoinike 1 Phoinike 2 Phoitiai Photike Phrosyne Plakoti Pogonia Polystaphylon Poros Poseidion Pr. Pras? Prichhit Profitis Elias Pronnoi Propaxos Ins. Psina Pteleon M. Ptychia Ins. Pyrgos Pyrgos Period C?H? CHR C?H? L

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Modern Name / Location near Ag. Evphimia Lixouri Limni Pamvotida, formerly Limni Ioanninon Trikastro near Trikastron Hormos Phiskardo near Radotovi (Rodotopion) lower R. Acheloos floodplain Reference Partsch 1890, 67-68 Partsch 1890, 90 Philippson 1956, 87 (no. 91); Hammond 1967, 192 Procop., Aed. 4.1.40; Euststathius, Commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam 1.121 (Od. 3.189); Hammond 1967, 185 Hammond 1967, 162, 477-78, 673; Dakaris 1971, 52, 81, 96 Hammond 1967, 673 Partsch 1890, 64; RE Korkyra, col. 206 Hammond 1967, 183, 576-77 Strabo 10.2.19; Oberhummer 1887, 24 Dakaris 1972, 80, 99, 140, 201; Lauffer 1989, 509-10 Prka-Alexandri 1993, 109 Hammond 1967, 458, 477, 684 Heuzey 1860, 315; Philippson 1956, 193 (no. 124) RE RE Paxoi Philippson 1956, 68 (no. 44) Hammond 1967, 445-46 Hammond 1967, 89; Dakaris 1972, 149 Livy 43.22.8; Oberhummer 1887, 19 Murray 1982, 195-97 Strabo 7.7.5; Elias 1997, 77 (=HNC 010) Hammond 1967, 676; Dakaris 1972, 112, 156-57 Partsch 1889, 20 Dakaris 1972, 102, 145 Hammond 1967, 86 Heuzey 1860, 310 Hammond 1967, 112-17; TIB Nikopolis 234-35 Hammond 1967, 118 SAGT 7, 4-8 Hammond 1967, 73-74; Dakaris 1972, 201-202; Lauffer 1989, 509 Dakaris 1972, 132 Dakaris 1972, 149 Murray 1985a Hammond 1967, 57 Drpfeld 1927, 261-62 Strabo 7.7.5; RE Suppl. 14, Poseidion 16 SAGT 8, 113-14 Hammond 1967, 122 Faisst 1990 Partsch 1890, 74 Pliny, NH 4.52; RE Paxoi Hammond 1967, 190; Dakaris 1972, 94 Hammond 1967, 477 RE Ptychia; TIB Nikopolis 264-65 H. Stephanos Dakaris 1972, 104; Prka-Alexandri 1993, 106-109 Partsch 1890, 64

A?CHR? R HR C?HR HR? A?CHRL ? HRL C?H C?H? HR HR H?R? HR H H A?CH? HR CH CH CH C?H? C?H? ACHRL R?L CH RL H H C?H C?H? C?H? HR H H?R? CH CHR R CH? HR C?H?RL A?CHR HR

flanks of Mt. Peristeri Paxoi Paxos ALB Gji i Butrintit ALB formerly Ouzdina Megalo Potamos Akra Taxiarkhis Ravene Pyrgi S Philiates Finiq ALB near Mesopotam Ag. Georgios, formerly Porta Liboni

harbor of Palairos Akra Skala (on Hexamili) ALB Pelegriniatza near Pigeras ALB Poros Antipaxoi fortified settlement above Psina Zalongo Vido fort at Igoumenitsa tower near Plagia

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Grid B2 C5 C3 B2 A2 C3 C2 D4 D4 C5 D4 B2 B3 B2 C3 C2 D3 B3 C4 C4 D4 C3 D1 B3 B3 C5 C5 C2 C4 C4 A1 C3 B2 D3 B2 B2 D3 C4 C2 B2 Name Qare Rakhi Riza Riziani Roda Romano Salonike Sarandiniko Sardiniena Same Samos Sauria? Selo Sevasto Sinou Sistrouni Skamneli Solomos Spatharaioi Spelaion Sterna Stratos Stratike Strongyli (S)Tymphaia Sybota Inss. Sybota? Limen Syria Syria Talares Taphiae? Inss. Taphos Ins. Taphias Ins. Taphiusa Ins. Tatzat Themelo Thesprotia Theudoria? Thoai Inss. = Oxeiai Inss. Thyamis Pr. Thyamis fl. Thyamon M. Thyrreion T(o)maros M. Torone Period R C?H HR? C?H C CHR H HR H CHR CH H H C?H? HRL C?H? C?H? H A?CHRL A?CH A?CHR C?H?RL? CHRL C C?H? C?H? C?H HRL HRL C?H? H CHR H H CHRL? C CHR CHR CH Sivota (Nisi Sivota and Nisi Ag. Nikolaos) Limani Mourto tes Oraias to Kastro, near Palatia (fort) tes Oraias to Kastro, near Pronnoi Meganisi, Kalamos, Kastos Meganisi ALB Theodoriana Akra Kalamas Thyamis, formerly Kalamas Makrynoros Thyrion, formerly Ag. Vasilios Tomaros, formerly Olytsika Khersonesos Lygias, formerly Lygaria Same Rigani ALB ALB Modern Name / Location NW Moursi ALB Reference Dakaris 1972, 206 Partsch 1890, 73 Hammond 1967, 50; Dakaris 1971, 79, 95 Hammond 1967, 88; Dakaris 1972, 112, 147-48 Leekley 1981, 2 Dakaris 1971, 52, 81, 96

811

Dakaris 1972, 132 Pritchett 1994, 192-95 Leake 1835 IV, 252; Philippson 1956, 193 n. 1 (no. 119) RE Kephallenia, col. 205; Lauffer 1989, 319 SAGT 7, 8-15 Hammond 1967, 205 Dakaris 1972, 139-40 Hammond 1967, 90 Hammond 1967, 165; Dakaris 1971, 52, 81, 96; TIB Nikopolis 257-58 Hammond 1967, 263 Philippson 1956, 193 n. 1 (no. 122); Hammond 1967, 242 Dakaris 1972, 136 Benton 1931, 230 Murray 1982, 200-206 RE 3; SAGT 6, 137-39 Polyb. 4.63.10; Oberhummer 1887, 34 Hammond 1967, 61; Dakaris 1971, 52, 79, 95 See Map 55 Gomme 1945, 182; TIB Nikopolis 267 Hammond 1967, 498 (n. 2); Elias 1997, 74 (=HNC 010) Partsch 1890, 68 Partsch 1890, 75 Strabo 9.5.12; Hammond 1967, 458 Pliny, NH 4.53; Oberhummer 1887, 20-21 Oberhummer 1887, 21 Pliny, NH 36.150 Philippson 1956, 63 n. 4 (no. 39) Dakaris 1972, 134 Hammond 1967, 478, 677-78 Philippson 1956, 156 (no. 151) Hammond 1967, 706 RE 1; Hammond 1967, 446-47 Hammond 1967, 247 SAGT 8, 85-90 Strabo 7.7.11; Hammond 1967, 844 Dakaris 1972, 32-34, 105-108, 147

near Theriakision near Spartokhori Sourovigli

812 Grid D4 B3 C3 D3 C3 C3 B2 D2 B2 C4 B5 B2 C2 B2 C3 C4 C2 C4 D3 D2 C2 C3 C4 C4 inset inset D4 C3 C5 Name Torybeia? Tyrbeion? Toryne? Toskesi Tourka Tripolitai Tripolissoi Tsangari Tsourila Tymphaia = (S)Tymphaia Tymphe? M. Vagalat Vasiliki Vatsa Vavouri Vereniki Vigla Vigla Vigla Vitsa Vlikho Voedros Han Voutonosi Vrosina Vrysoula Xylokastro 1 Xylokastro 2 Zacynthus Zacynthus Ins. Hyrie? Zavitsa Zervokhori Zeus Ainesios, T. Period CH HR H C?H? H H H HRL? C?H? C?H? R H H H H? C?H AC C?H? C?H? C?H? C?H? H CH? C?H

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Modern Name / Location Komboti Parga Reference SAGT 8, 104-108 Hammond 1967, 77, 688 Dakaris 1971, 81 Heuzey 1860, 311; Philippson 1956, 193 n. 1 (no. 121) Hammond 1967, 526 Dakaris 1972, 133 Hammond 1967, 88; Dakaris 1972, 148 Mavrovouni (Khuka Loupou Range) fort KlPauly Hammond 1967, 96 Partsch 1889, 20 Lauffer 1989, 319 Kephallenia Dakaris 1972, 159 Hammond 1967, 188-89 Dakaris 1972, 157 Dakaris 1971, 79 Kolonas 1992 Morgan 1988, 316-17 Drpfeld 1927, 258-60 (pl. 45) Hammond 1967, 151 Hammond 1967, 261; W. Murray Hammond 1967, 187 Dakaris 1971, 81 Benton 1931, 233 Murray 1982, 135-38; Pritchett 1994, 218-21 Leekley 1981, 8; Lauffer 1989, 716-18 KlPauly Zakynthos Heuzey 1860, 417; Murray 1982, 83-86 Dakaris 1972, 138-39 Scholia in Apollonii Rhodii Argonautica 2.297; Partsch 1890, 88; Lauffer 1989, 319

Keramitsas near Strongyli

on Kalamos Is. near Ag. Athanasios, above Kakavoula Zakynthos Zakynthos tower in Mytikas valley atop Mt. Ainos

ACHRL ACHRL C?H H A?C?H?

Aqueducts
Grid B2 C3 Location Bouthroton Nicopolis Period R RL Reference Ugolini 1937, 84-85; Hammond 1967, 98, 109 Doukellis 1995

Bridges
Grid C3 C4 Location Ambracia Leucas Period C?HR? R Reference Hammond 1967, 140 Murray 1982, 251-53

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA

813

Church Cluster
Grid C4 Location on Kephalos Is. Period L Reference TIB Nikopolis 177

Dam
Grid C4 Location E Alyzeia, in Glosses Pass Period C?H? Reference Murray 1984; Knauss 1995

Roads
Itinerary Actium Drymos Actium towards Leucas Elaos? NW Phoinike Nicopolis Hadrianopolis Nicopolis Nicopolis Ambracia E Limnaia S Limnaia N Period RL RL H RL RL RL H C Reference Axiote 1980, 195-96 Murray 1982, 190-92, 254-55; Pritchett 1994, 183-84 Pritchett 1994, 235-39 Hammond 1967, 690-94 Hammond 1967, 694-96; SAGT 3, 287-88 Hammond 1967, 695; SAGT 3, 286-87 Polyb. 5.5.14-6.6 SAGT 8, 1-78

Wall
Grid B2 Location at Dema, across Hexamili peninsula, N Bouthroton Period ACH Reference Hammond 1967, 99; L. Miraj

Unlocated Toponyms
Name Akra Aktion Algos Amphipyrgos Pr. Amymnoi/ Amymnaioi Amymones Amyntai Aphrodite Aineiados, T. Apollonia Appon Arkadia Aspalatheia Athenai Boulibas Period HR L H H H A?H H H L C H C? L Probable Location Acarnania Corcyra, opposite Bouton? fortress in Palaia Epeiros somewhere in S Corcyra tribe in Epirus Epirus Epirus near city of Leucas on sea city on one of Echinades Inss. Epirus fortified position on Zacynthus, see Nellos in Acarnania, on either Taphos Ins. (Meganisi) or Karnos Ins. (Kalamos) Acarnania fortress in Palaia Epeiros Reference StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 40 Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 7.2.3; RE Korkyra, col. 1409 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 RE Korkyra, col. 1407 Hammond 1967, 701-702 Hammond 1967, 701, 703 Hammond 1967, 702 RE Leukas, col. 2234 StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 39 TIB Nikopolis 110 DiodSic 15.45.3 Oberhummer 1887, 39 Murray 1985, 101 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3

814 Name Bounimai/ Bouneima/ Bounimon Chyton Elaphusa Ins. Ericusa Ins. Euboia Europe Genysios Hag. Sabinou Hedones Helega Heraion, T. Hestiaia Homonoia Karmina Kastina Keimenos Kionin Kolophonia Kome Koroneia Lampe Letoia Ins. Listria Malthace Ins. Marathe Ins. Marathos Markiana Marmarata Martios Meleon Campus Melite L. Meliteion M. Melos? Napaioi Nellos Period A?C?H

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Probable Location Epirus, near Trampya Reference StByz ; Hammond 1967, 800

CH R RL? A? L R?L R?L L R?L H L R?L R?L L L R?L L H R R?L R R L R?L R?L H H?R H? H? C

Epirus near Corcyra Ins. near Corcyra Ins. on Corcyra Ins. fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros near city of Leucas on sea Acarnania fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Ambracia Acarnania off Cephallania fortress in Palaia Epeiros near Corcyra Ins. near Corcyra Ins. polis in Acarnania fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros plain NW Phanota (contra Hammond 1967, 631, 686) near Oiniadai and E Acheloos fl.? on Corcyra Acarnania tribe in Epirus mountain or region on Zacynthus, location of fortress called Arkadia fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros between Ambracia and Amphilochia tribe in Molossia between Oiniadai and Stratos fortress in Palaia Epeiros SE shore of Ambracian Gulf fortress in Palaia Epeiros tribe in Epirus Epirus Epirus

StByz Pliny, NH 4.53 Pliny, NH 4.53; TIB Nikopolis 149 Strabo 10.1.15; RE Korkyra, col. 1409 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 RE Leukas, col. 2234 StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 40 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 StByz ; Cabanes 1985, 524 StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 40 Pliny, NH 4.55 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Pliny, NH 4.53 Pliny, NH 4.53 StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 35; RE 1 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Livy 43.23.3; W. Murray Strabo 10.2.21; Freitag 1994, 230-33 RE Korkyra, col. 1409 Oberhummer 1887, 40 StByz KlPauly Zakynthos

Olbos Onalos Oreitai Orestai Palaia Oineiadai Palyros Panormos Parmos Parthyaioi Pergama Pergamis (district)

L R?L H A?C A R?L H L H H?R H?R

Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 DioCalliph 45; Hammond 1967, 462-63 StByz ; Hammond 1967, 462-63 Strabo 10.2.2; Freitag 1994, 226-27 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Wacker 1996 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Hammond 1967, 680 (n. 2) Hammond 1967, 412 Varro, De Re Rustica 2.2.1; Hammond 1967, 412

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA Name Perkos Petroniana Pezion Poseidion Poseidon Prinoessa Ins. Pronathidon Pythonia Ins. Simoeis fl. Sollion Symphygion Talarus M. Tarachie Ins. Tekmon Trampya Trana Troia Tymphaia Xanthos fl. Xeropotamos Period R?L R?L R?L H?R R?L H?R R?L R R A?C R?L HR? R H A?C?H R?L HR H?R L Probable Location fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros fortress in Palaia Epeiros harbor, cape or town in Epirus between Onchesmos and Bouthroton fortress in Palaia Epeiros one of the Taphiae Inss. fortress in Palaia Epeiros near Corcyra Ins. Epirus between Leucas and Palairos on Plagia Pr. Epirus near Dodona near Corcyra Ins. polis in Thesprotia, Epirus Epirus, near Bouneima fortress in Palaia Epeiros Epirus, in Kestria Epirus Epirus fortress in Palaia Epeiros Reference Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Strabo 7.7.5 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Pliny, NH 4.53 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Pliny, NH 4.53 Hammond 1967, 412 Murray 1982, 200-206; Faraklas 1991; Berktold 1993 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Pliny, NH 4.2; Hammond 1967, 39 (n. 2) Pliny, NH 4.53 Livy 45.26; StByz ; Lauffer 1989, 652-53 Lycophron, Alexandra 801; StByz ; Hammond 1967, 815 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3 Hammond 1967, 412 StByz Hammond 1967, 412 Procop., Aed. 4.4.3

815

False Toponyms
Name Charadros fl. Erisyche Olpe? Psophis Reference Polyb. 21.26.7; Hammond 1967, 160 Freitag 1994, 227-28 Hammond 1936, 134; SAGT 8, 22-23 StByz ; Oberhummer 1887, 39 Comment R. Louros literary / mythological place not in Acarnania

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816

MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA

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MAP 54 EPIRUS-ACARNANIA

817

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