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mc (t

P 2

= 0.0436 1.005 (111 - 25) kJ/s = 3.768348 kW to surroundings Q5.8 In water cooling tower air enters at a height of 1 m above the ground level and leaves at a height of 7 m. The inlet and outlet velocities are 20 m/s and 30 m/s respectively. Water enters at a height of 8 m and leaves at a height of 0.8 m. The velocity of water at entry and exit are 3 m/s and 1 m/s respectively. Water temperatures are 80C and 50C at the entry and exit respectively. Air temperatures are 30C and 70C at the entry and exit respectively. The cooling tower is well insulated and a fan of 2.25 kW drives the air through the cooler. Find the amount of air per second required for 1 kg/s of water flow. The values of cp of air and water are 1.005 and 4.187 kJ/kg K respectively. (Ans. 3.16 kg/s) Let air required iswa kg/s
1

t)

Solution:

a2

gZ

a 1

w a

Vw
1

gZ

w 1

dQ

waha + + 1 1 2000

1000 V2
a2

+ w h + + + 2000 1000 dt 1 1 2
w

gZ
2 w

V
2

gZ dW
2

wa
a V2 = 30 m/s a t2 = 70C

=waha + + + w h + + + 2 2 2 2 2000 1000 2000 1000 dt dQ =wa = w (say) and dt = 0 ww =ww = 1 kg/s 1
1 2 2

V1 = 3 m/s, t1 = 80C

7m

8m

V1 = 20 m/s t = 30C
a
a p

V2 = 1 m/s, t2 = 50C
w
2

= 1.005 kJ/kg - K

1m dW dt = - 2.25 kW

0.8 m

w =w
w p
1

= 1 kg/s

c = 4.187 kJ/kg - K

(h ha) 1 2

g + 10002 V
w 2

a 1

(Z
w
2

a 2

Z ) g
w

2000

=(hw hw) +

(Z

dW )+

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal
or Q5.9 1 3 + 9.81 (0.8 8) 2.25 = 4.187 (50 80) + 1000 2000 - w 40.509 = -127.9346 w = 127.9346 = 3.1582 kg/s 3.16 kg/s 40.509
2 2

Chapter 5

Air at 101.325 kPa, 20C is taken into a gas turbine power plant at a velocity of 140 m/s through an opening of 0.15 m2 cross-sectional area. The air is compressed heated, expanded through a turbine, and exhausted at 0.18 MPa, 150C through an opening of 0.10 m2 crosssectional area. The power output is 375 kW. Calculate the net amount of heat added to the air in kJ/kg. Assume that air obeys the law pv = 0.287 (t + 273) Where p is the pressure in kPa, v is the specific volume in m 3/kg, and t is the temperature in C. Take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. (Ans. 150.23 kJ/kg)

Solution:

Volume flow rate at inlet (V) = V1A1 m3/s = 21 m3/s


1

Inlet mass flow rate (

0.287 293 w RT 2 Volume flow rate at outlet = (V2 )= 2 p 2


1

w)=

p 1 V1 RT
1

= 101.325

21

= 25.304 kg/s

= 25.304

0.287 423 180

= 17 m3/s

1 p = 101.325 kPa
1 t1 = 1 A1

dW CC 2 dt
2

= 375 kW

20C V = 140 m/s = 0.15 m2

2 p = 0.18MPa = 180 kPa t2 = 150C A = 0.1 m


2 V2 = 2

Velocity at outlet =

V 17 2 = = 170.66 m/s A 0.1


2

171 m/s

Using S.F.E.E. 2 2 dQ dW w h + V1 + 0 + = w h + V2 + 0 + 1 1 2000 2000 2 2 dt dt w = w = w = 25.304 kg/s 2 2 1 2 dW V V dQ 2 1 + = w(h h ) + 1 dt 2 2000 dt 2 2 = w C (t t ) + V V dW 2 1 + Page 48 of 265 2000
p 2 1

dt

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal
2 2 = 25.304 1.005 (150 20) + 171 + 375 kW 14 0 2000 = 3802.76 kW

Chapter 5

dQ dQ dt dm =

3802.76 25.304

= 150.28

kJ kg

Q5.10

A gas flows steadily through a rotary compressor. The gas enters the compressor at a temperature of 16C, a pressure of 100 kPa, and an enthalpy of 391.2 kJ/kg. The gas leaves the compressor at a temperature of 245C, a pressure of 0.6 MPa, and an enthalpy of 534.5 kJ/kg. There is no heat transfer to or from the gas as it flows through the compressor. (a) Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas assuming the gas velocities at entry and exit to be negligible. (b) Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas when the gas velocity at entry is 80 m/s and that at exit is 160 m/s. (Ans. 143.3 kJ/kg, 152.9 kJ/kg) V
2

Solution:

(a)

+ + + =h + + 2 2000 1000 dm 2000 1000 dm For V1 and V2 negligible and Z1 = Z2 so dW dm = h1 - h2 = (391.2 - 5345) kJ/kg = -143.3 kJ/kg i.e. work have to give h
1

gZ
1

dQ

gZ
2

dW

t1 = 16C p = 100 kPa h1 = 391.2 kJ/kg


1

t2 = 245C p = 0.6 mPa = 600 kPa h2 = 534.5 kJ/kg =0


2

2 dQ dt
2

(b)

V1 = 80 m/s; V2 = 160 m/s So dW = (h1 V V h2 ) +


1 2 2

dm 2 = 143.3 + 80 0

2000 2 kJ/kg = (-143.3 - 9.6) kJ/kg 16

2000 = -152.9 kJ/kg i.e. work have to give Q5.11 The steam supply to an engine comprises two streams which mix before entering the engine. One stream is supplied at the rate of 0.01 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2952 kJ/kg and a velocity of 20 m/s. The other stream is supplied at the rate of 0.1 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2569 kJ/kg and a

velocity of 120 m/s. At the exit from the engine the fluid leaves as two Page 49 of 265

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