Wcdma Arch 001

UMTS Architecture, protocols and logical Channels
25.1.2002 Kari Heiska
NOKIA
WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa
Contents
High level UMTS architecture Those architecture blocks, interfaces and functions that has impact on radio network planning (RNP) Radio Interface Protocol Architecture and Logical Channels Medium Access Control (MAC) Radio Link Control (RLC) Packet data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) Transport Channels Common and dedicated transport channels Multiplexing to physical channels Basic physical layer functions
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High level UMTS architecture

UMTS designed to support different applications with different Quality of Service profiles (QoS)
speech, video, web-browsing,
UMTS includes different entities
User equipment (UE) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Radio Interface (Uu) CN-UTRAN Interface (Iu)
And different interfaces Both Interfaces are divided into two protocols
User plane protocols to transport the service (Radio Access Bearer (RAB) Service) Control plane protocols to control the RAB and the connection between UE and CN
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Access Stratum Specific to Access Technique: Provides services through Service Access points to NonAccess Stratum This means: transfer of radio related information and coordinating radio resources between UE and access network Non-Access Stratum Provides access link between UE and CN which consist of: 1) One or more independent and simultaneous UE-CN Radio Access Bearer Services 2) Only one signaling from CN to UE
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Radio Access Bearer (RAB)

Service provided by the Access Stratum to the Non-Access Stratum in order to transfer user data between CN and UE RAB is described by a set of parameters (attributes) which define the QoS profile of that particular service/application

For example: maximum allowed delay for the packet call, maximum allowed bit error rate, minimum data rate, etc. One profile for one RAB RAB service includes Radio Bearer Service and Iu bearer service Radio Bearer Service covers Radio interface transport and uses UTRA FDD and is realized by the Radio Link Control protocol user plane (RLC-U) Iu bearer service includes attributes that defines CN specific QoS attributes Radio network controller maps the RAB QoS RB QoS
TE MT UTRAN CN Iu edge CN gateway
End-to-end Service UMTS Bearer Service Radio Access Bearer Service Legend: TE = Terminal Equipment MT = Mobile Termination Radio Bearer Service UTRA Service Iu Bearer Service Physical Bearer Service CN Bearer Service Backbone Bearer Service Backbone Phys. Bearer Service External Bearer Service
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Protocol architecture and logical channels

Radio interface protocols are needed to set up Radio Bearer Service Radio interface protocols consist of three protocol layer: Physical layer, L1 Data link layer, L2. L2 includes

Medium access layer (MAC) Radio Link Layer (RLC), which includes (Includes Control (C) and user (U) planes) Packet data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) (Includes U plane only) Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC), (Includes U plane only) One protocol: Radio Resource Control (RRC) (C-plane only)
Network layer, L3
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These protocols are needed to set up, reconfigure and release the Radio Bearer services
C-plane signalling U-plane information
higher L3 sub-layers
control
payload
control control
control
control
PDCP
PDCP
L2/PDCP
L2/MAC L2/RLC
RRC
BMC
L3
includes higher layer control data L1 overhead
L2/BMC
L1data amount
RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical Channels (LoCH), MAC provides logical channels for data transfer services to the layers above MAC
MAC
L2/MAC
Transport Channels (TrCH),

PHY
L1
information transfer service, which L1 offers to MAC and higher layers
Physical channels
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Medium Access Control (MAC)
Mapping Logical Channels onto appropriate Transport Channel providing efficient use of transport channels
Main MAC functions Based on instantaneous source rate it selects the appropriate transport format (TF) within an assigned transport format set (TFS) for active TrCH Transport Format is based on transport format combination set (TFCS) assigned by RRC Priority handling between data flows

Multiplexing and demultiplexing of RLC PDUs (protocol data units) onto Transport Blocks (TB). One Radio frame consists of one or several Transport blocks Traffic Volume measurements and reporting to RRC TrCH switching decisions from RRC
TFC for which high data rate transport channel will be selected Priority handling between UE(s)
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MAC to physical layer

TFS is a collection of possible TF of transport channel 1
different incoming data amounts
LoCH1 LoCH2 LoCH3 LoCH4

TFS TF1 TF2 TFN TF TF TF TF
100 B
10B
50B
60B
The combination of current TrCHs determine the TFCS in RRC
RRC
TrCH1
TrCH2
TrCH3
TrCH4
TFCS
MAC
All possible available combinations produced by the admission control (AC) in RNC
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Transport Format Combination (TFC)
Data exchange example between MAC and the physical layer (2 DCH)
TB Transmission Time Interval TB TTI TB TTI
DCH1
Transport Block
MAC Chooses TFC/TFCS Controls the dynamic part/TB's/TTI
Transport Block TB TTI Transport Block TTI
Transport Block Set (TBS)
TB TB TTI
DCH2
Transport Format Set (TFS) TBs same static part Variable dynamic part
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Transport Format (TF) Dynamic part (TB size, TBS size) Semi static part (TTI, CRC, etc) (TFI)
Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS)
Formats and Configurations

Transport Block (TB) Basic data unit between L1 and L2 (MAC) L1 adds CRC to each TB Transport Block Set (TBS) Consists of transport Blocks from L1 and L2 within the same time instant Transport Block Size Number of bits in TB, which is fixed within a TBS Transport Block Set Size Number of bits in TBS Transmission Time Interval (TTI) Periodicity at which a TBS is transferred by the physical layer. Multiple of minimum interleaving period. So MAC delivers one TBS to the physical layer every TTI

Transport Format (TF) Format offered between L1 and MAC for the delivery of a TBS during a TTI on a given TrCH. Consist of dynamic part (TB size, TBS size) and semi static part (TTI, coding, ) Transport Format Set (TFS) A set of TFs associated with a TrCH. Same semi static part in all TF inside one TFS Example DCH: TB size of 336 bits (320 (payload)+16 (RLC header)) 2 TB per TBS, 10 ms TTI 3362/10=67.2 kbps, user bit-rate 3202/10=64 kbps Variable rate either by changing TBS size or TB size per TTI Transport Format Combination (TFC) Combination of currently valid TFs submitted to L1 simultaneously on a CCTrCH of a UE

Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS) Set of TFCs on a CCTrCH MAC (L2 control) chooses the TFC to be transmitted. This means that it can change the bit rate very quickly without asking from RRM algorithms (L3 control). L3 controls the semi static part which is the same inside TFS Transport Format Indicator (TFI) Label for TF: Includes TF attributes used for communication between L1 and MAC (L2) Transport Format Indicator (TFCI) Used to inform the receiving side of the currently valid TFC L1 builds TFCI from TFs of each transmitted TrCH and puts the information to dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH) transmitted on air With TFCI the receiving side is able to identify TFC

Transport Format Combination x Transport Format Combination x+1
RAB1 RAB2
Transport format set
RABn
Transport format
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Logical Channels
The type of information defines the type of logical channels Two types of logical channels: control channels and traffic channels

BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel. Broadcasting system control information in downlink (DL) PCCH: Paging Control Channel. Paging information in DL when network does not know the mobile location CCCH: Common Control Channel. Carries common control information (UL and DL) DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel. Point-to-point channel for dedicated control information (UL and DL) DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel. Point-to-point channel for user information (UL and DL) CTCH: Common Traffic Channel. Dedicated user information for all or a group of specified UEs (DL)
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Mapping of logical Channels to Transport channels (TrCH)
Logical Channels
UpLink CCCH DTCH/DCCH DownLink BCCH PCCH CCCH CTCH DTCH/DCCH MAC SAPs
Transport Channels
RACH CPCH DCH

(FDD only)
BCH PCH
FACH
DSCH DCH
BCCH CCCH DTCH DCCH PCCH CTCH

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Broadcast Control Channel Common Control Channel Dedicated Traffic Channel Dedicated Control Channel Paging Control Channel Common Traffic Channel
BCH CPCH DCH DSCH FACH PCH RACH
Broadcast Channel Common Packet Channel Dedicated Channel Downlink Shared Channel Forward Access Channel Paging Channel Random Access Channel

Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol
Main functions Segmentation of data coming from higher layers (PDUs) to payload units (PU) Buffering Error correction by retransmission (AM mode) Ciphering Maintenance of QoS defined by upper layers Each RLC is configured by RRC to operate in one of following modes for one Radio Bearer (RB) service: Transparent Mode (TM)
Unacknowledged Mode (UM)

no overhead added
Acknowledged Mode (AM)
no retransmission protocols in use Received data is either marked or discarded Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mechanism for error correction
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Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol
The mode is the same in uplink and in downlink The mode is determinated by Admission Control (AC) from RAB attributes and CN domain information In all RLC modes CRC (cyclic redundancy check) error detection is done in L1 and the results is delivered to RLC with the data Radio Network Planning effects: In AM mode the number of retransmissions have to be taken into account. Increases the overall data amount The delay experienced by the user when receiving packet call depends the date amount in the RLC buffer L2 header in RLC: 16 bits in AM, 8 bits for UM and 0 bits from TM: User bit rate for dimensioning is given by the L1 bit-rate reduced by L2 header
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Packet data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

User plane only For packet switched (PS) data only Compression of TCP/IP and RTP/UDP/IP headers. Important to have efficient data transmission over radio Transmitting SDUs (Service Data Unit = is for example TCP packets) to correct RLC entity
Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)

User plane only Provides Broadcast/Multicast services Utilized UM RLC mode (CTCH mapped to FACH)
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Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol (Layer 3) The major part of the control signaling between UE and UTRAN is RRC messages Most of these messages are part of RRM algorithms Connection management procedures of RRC:


Broadcast of system information Used to control the UE mobility Establish, reconfigure and release Radio Bearers Paging, Control of ciphering Initial cell selection and cell reselection (handovers) Controlling the UE measurement reporting criterias Outer loop power control
RRC states
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Idle Mode After power on terminal stays in Idle Mode until a request to establish RRC connection All access stratum connections are closed Cell_DCH Using dedicated physical channel / physical shared channel Terminal performs measurements Cell_FACH No dedicated channel allocated to the terminal Using FACH and RACH for signaling or small data amounts UE listens to the BCH Cell_PCH Radio network controller knows the location of the UE Reachable via paging message URA_PCH Low battery consumption state, cell update only when URA changes
Transport channels
Data generated at higher layer is carried over the air interface with transport channels, which are mapped onto different physical channels Variable rate transport channel in order to provide bandwidth on demand services Each TrCH is coupled with a TFI Several services can be multiplexed into one Coded Composite Transport Channel (CCTrCH) The physical layer combines the TFI from different TrCHs to the TFCI (TFCI bits are carrier over the air), which informs the receiver about which TrCHs (TFC/TFCS) are active for the current frame Only one physical control channel per connection The transport channel may have a different number of blocks and at any moment not all the TrCHs are necessary active In UTRAN the interface between physical and higher layers is represented by the Iub interface (interface between base station and base station controller)
Transport channels
Interface between higher layers and the physical layer
TrCH 1 TrCH 2
Transport Block
Transport Block
TB & Error Indication
TFI
Transport Block
TFI
Transport Block
TFI
TFI
Higher Layers (UTRAN: MAC/FP) Physical Layer (Node B: L1)

TFCI Coding & Multiplexing TFCI Decoding Decoding & De-multiplexing
Physical Control CHannel

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Physical Data CHannels
Physical Control CHannel
Physical Data CHannels
Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels

Transport Channel Physical Channel DPDCH DPCCH RACH CPCH PRACH PCPCH CPICH BCH FACH PCH SCH (Synchronization Channel) (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) (Acquisition Indication Channel) (Paging Indication Channel P-CCPCH S-CCPCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) (Physical Random Access Channel) (Physical Common Packet Channel) (Common Pilot Channel) (Primary Common Control Physical Channel) (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel)
Transport channels
dedicated channel
DCH
common channels
shared channels
DSCH
PDSCH AICH PICH
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Transport channels
Dedicated Transport Channels Only one dedicated Transport Channels, DCH Mapped onto a DPDCH Reserved for a single user Carriers all the information intended for the given user coming from higher layers, including data for the actual service (speech frames, etc...) and control information (HO commands, UE measurements, etc) A separate TrCH is not needed because of the support of the variable bit rate and service multiplexing The dedicated physical channel is characterized by inner loop PC, fast data rate change on a frame-by-frame basis and the possibility of transmission to a certain part of the cell Supports soft and softer HO
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Transport channels
Common Transport Channels Resource divided between all or a group of user in a cell (inband id is needed) They do not have soft/softer HO, but some of them can have fast PC (e.g. CPCH, DSCH) Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Forward Access Channel (FACH)
Is used to transmit information specific to UTRA network or for a given cell (e.g. RACH codes, cell access slots, cell type transmit diversity methods, etc) Is mapped onto P-CCPCH (downlink data channel, only)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Carries downlink control information to terminals known to be located in the given cell Used also to transmit downlink packet data (small packets) There can be more than one FACH in a cell Mapped onto S-CCPCH Carries data relevant to the paging procedure The paging message can be transmitted in a single cell or many cells (URA), depending on the system configuration Mapped onto S-CCPCH
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Transport channels
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH)
Carries uplink control information from the terminal, such as request to setup a connection Used to send small amounts of uplink packet data (NRT) Mapped onto PRACH Carries uplink packet-based used data Used uplink inner loop PC (DL-DPCCH) The transmission may last several frames in contrast with one or two frames for the RACH message Mapped onto PCPCH Carries dedicated user data and/or control information Can be shared in time between several users Is a pure data channel always associated with a downlink DCH Supports the use of downlink inner loop PC (associated UL DPCCH) No soft-handover Mapped onto PDSCH
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
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Downlink TrCH coding + multiplexing

MAC and higher layers Spreading/Scrambling and Modulation
Rate matching
CCTrCH
Radio frame segmentation
TrBk concatenation / Code block segmentation
Physical channel mapping
2nd insertion of DTX indication
2ndinterleaving/RF
TrCH Multiplexing
Physical channel segmentation
CRC attachment/TB
1st insertion of DTX indication
1st interleaving/TTI
PhCH #2 PhCH #1
Channel coding
Rate matching
TrCH #1
DTX for Variable Rate Handling/SF after MUX
Puncturing or better repetition Static Rate Matching (Eb/No balancing or Es/No matching)
The transmission time interval is transport-channel specific from the set {10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms}
Uplink TrCH coding + multiplexing

MAC and higher layers Spreading/Scrambling and Modulation
Rate matching
CCTrCH
Radio frame segmentation
TrBk concatenation / Code block segmentation
Physical channel mapping
2ndinterleaving /RF
TrCH Multiplexing
Physical channel segmentation
Radio frame equalisation
CRC attachment / TB
Channel coding
interleaving / TTI
PhCH #2 PhCH #1
Rate matching
TrCH #1
No DTX but dynamic rate matching for Variable Rate Handling (SF) after MUX Puncturing or better repetition
Data arrives to the coding/multiplexing unit in form of transport block sets once every Transmission Time Interval
TrCH multiplexing
Error Detection CRC bits for each Transmission Block (TB) In the reception TBs are delivered to L2 with error estimation This estimation is used 1) as a quality measure in macro diversity combining and 2) directly in L2 for the re-transmission purposes (RLC) In CRC Calculation, the entire transport block is used to calculate the CRC parity bits for each transport block TBs fitting to code blocks Channel coding Convolutional coding (1/2 or 1/3) with low data rates. Turbo Coding (1/3) for high bit rates with high TBS size increases the number of bits to 2 (1/2) or 3 (1/3) the incoming TrCH bit-rate
TrCH multiplexing
Radio frame equalization for the interleaving (UL) 1st interleaving (TTI) for delay resistant services 20, 40, 80 ms interleaving lengths Rate matching to mach the number of bits to the bits available on a single DPCH radio frame by puncturing or repetition takes into account all TrCHs which are active in the frame Rate matching attribute makes it possible to back calculate the bitrate of each TrCHs in the reception 2nd interleaving over 10 ms after TrCH multiplexing Block interleaving for each physical channel The number of bits given for a physical channel at this stage is exactly the number that the spreading factor of that frame can transmit
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Variable rate
TrCH multiplexing
Downlink
Performed after TrCH multiplexing to mach the total multiplexed data rate to physical channel data rate In downlink the fast variable rate has been implemented by DTX (Discontinuous Transmission). This means that if the bit rate is below the maximum (set by L3) there is a silent period in the frame Different TrCH don't have a dynamic impact on rate matching on other TrCH and therefore 2nd DTX for all TrCH is needed If the total bit rate of CCTrCH exceeds the maximum data rate of DPCH the multicode transmission is possible. This means that CCTrCH can be splitted to several physical channels with their own codes Rate matching of all TrCH before multiplexing to mach the data rate to physical channel The variable data rate can be achieved by changing the spreading factor of the physical channel
Uplink

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Example for DL DCH (Packet data 64, 128, 384 kbps)

Transport block
CRC attachment TrBk concatenation #1
640
The number of TrChs = 1 Transport block size = 640 bits #B

640
#1
640
CRC
16
#B
640
CRC
16
Transport block Size 64 kbps 640*B bits (B = 0, 1) 128 kbps 640*B bits (B = 0, 1, 2) 384 kbps 640*B bits (B = 0, 1, 2, , 6) CRC =16 bits Coding Turbo coding, coding rate = 1/3 TTI = 10 ms
Turbo coding R=1/3
656* B
Tail bit attachment
1968*B
Tail Rate matching Insertion of DTX indication 1st interleaving

1968*B 12
1968* B+12+N RM
1968* B+12+N RM +N DI
1968* B +12+N RM +N DI
To TrCH Multiplexing
Example: 3 TrCHs 3 possible TFCSs
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Variable rate and QoS

When combining two or more services (each having their own fixed parameters for channel coding, QoS target) into a physical channel and one fast closed loop power control function is used for all services, the service having highest Eb/No requirement sets the operation point The minimum QoS requirement is met for one service, while other services are received with "too high quality" meaning unnecessary overhead in the received signal Each TrCH can have different interleaving length and can therefore support for different delay requirements Different quality is obtained by rate matching Higher quality required more repetition coding applied
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UMTS Architecture, protocols and logical Channels

25.1.2002 Kari Heiska

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

High level UMTS architecture

UMTS includes different entities

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

High level UMTS architecture

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

High level UMTS architecture

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

includes higher layer control data L1 overhead

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

Transport Channels (TrCH),

information transfer service, which L1 offers to MAC and higher layers

Protocol architecture and logical channels

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

MAC to physical layer

different incoming data amounts

LoCH1 LoCH2 LoCH3 LoCH4

The combination of current TrCHs determine the TFCS in RRC

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Transport Format Combination (TFC)

MAC Chooses TFC/TFCS Controls the dynamic part/TB's/TTI

Transport Block TB TTI Transport Block TTI

Transport Block Set (TBS)

Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS)

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Formats and Configurations

Formats and Configurations

Formats and Configurations

Formats and Configurations

Transport format set

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

RACH CPCH DCH

BCCH CCCH DTCH DCCH PCCH CTCH

BCH CPCH DCH DSCH FACH PCH RACH

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

Unacknowledged Mode (UM)

Acknowledged Mode (AM)

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

Packet data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Protocol architecture and logical channels

WCDMA_arch.PPT/ 25.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

TB & Error Indication

TB & Error Indication

TB & Error Indication

TB & Error Indication

Higher Layers (UTRAN: MAC/FP) Physical Layer (Node B: L1)

Physical Control CHannel

Physical Data CHannels

Physical Control CHannel