WCDMA Physical 001

WCDMA Physical Layer
31.1.2002 Kari Heiska
NOKIA
WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa
What is Physical layer?
Physical layer defines how the data (controlling data and the user data = user traffic) has been structured for the transmission over the airinterface In mobile cellular systems the effect of the physical layer is high because of the characteristics of the radio channel (=air interface) Defines the maximum capacity limits of the system (maximum allowed bit-rate, maximum number of simultaneous users) In practice the physical layer does not necessary limit the capacity but the implementation of the equipments and the radio channel. Big impact on equipment complexity processing power, algorithms
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Main 3G requirements on Physical layer

High bit-rates Flexible variable bit rate both in uplink and in downlink Multi-service Different services have been multiplexed on a single physical connection Efficient packet data Support for All IP-RAN High spectral efficiency
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Functions of the physical layer

Main functions:

Error detection Multiplexing (TrCHCCTrCH), demultiplexing (CCTrCH TrCH) CCTrCH Mapping to physical Channels (PhCH) Modulation, demodulation Spreading, despreading Combination of physical channels Closed loop power control Radio frequency processing (RF) Synchronization (chip, bit, slot, frame) Measurements Macrodiversity (soft(er)-handover)

Channel coding, interleaving, rate matching
Bit-error ratio (BER), Signal-to-Interference ratio (SIR), Transmission power (TxP),
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Physical Channels
W=3.84 Mcps, one time slot 2560 chips Physical channel is characterize with frequency, code, duration and in uplink with phase shift 1 radio frame (10 ms) includes 15 time slots (one slot equals to power control period, 1/(10ms/15)=1500 Hz). Slot structure is just for controlling the physical channel and its radio performance
Superframe (720 ms)
Radio frame (10ms) #0 Slot (0.667 ms) #0

DPDCH
#1
#71
#2
Data Pilot TFCI FBI
#14
UL
DPCCH
TPC
I/Q code multiplexed with complex scrambling
Time multiplexed with complex scrambling DL

Data DPDCH
5 NOKIA
TPC DPCCH
TFCI
Data DPDCH
Pilot DPCCH
Variable bit rate (dedicated channels)
DPCCH (Dedicated physical control channel) is constant bit rate and carries all the information in order to keep physical connection running Reference symbols for channel estimation in coherent detection and for SIR estimation in fast power control Power control signalling bits (TPC) Transport format information (TFCI) = bit rate, interleaving DPDCH (Dedicated physical data channel) is variable bit rate and carriers User data Higher layer signalling, e.g. mobile measurements, active set updates, packet allocations DPDCH bit rate is indicated with TFI bits on DPCCH
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Uplink dedicated physical channel

Procedure in the base station: Estimate the SIR (Pilot) Detect TPC and adjust DL Tx power Detect the used bit-rate and interleaving (TFCI) Detect the data (Data): needs buffering of the Data field
Super frame 720 ms Frame22 Frame 1 1 Frame 10 ms Slot Slot 1 Slot Slot 2 Slot 15 Slot 16 Frame72 72 Frame
DPDCH DPCCH
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Pilot
TFCI
FBI
TPC
Data Data(including (includinguser userdata dataand andhigher higherlayer layersignalling: signalling:measuerements measuerementsand andso soon) on) Slot 0.667 ms = 2/3 ms
There can be several uplink DPDCH for one mobile but only one DPCCH Admission Control (RRM) produces TFCS and estimates the minimum allowed SF DTX for speech example is possible since DPCCH is always ON and possible discontinuous in data part dos not cause audible interference TFCI = Transport Format Combination Indicator TPC = Transmitted Power Control FBI = Feedback information (for Tx antenna diversity, for example) DPDCH spreading factor from 256 (15 ksps) to 4 (960 ksps) DPCCH spreading factor from 256 (15 ksps) = constant For example: SF = 16 3.84e6/16/1000=240 kbps
Speech (AMR codec) 12.2 kbps + 64 kbps packet data + DCCH 3.4 kbps (12.23+643+3.43=238.8 240 kbps) Q (DPCCH) I/Q modulation (QPSK): 1 bit = 1 symbol
I (DPDCH)
Uplink dedicated physical channel
(not the same as DTX in downlink which was for the variable data rate!!)
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Uplink variable rate

DPDCH bit rate can change frame-by-frame (10 ms) Higher bit rate requires more transmission power Also DPCCH power is higher for higher bit-rates in order to enable accurate channel estimation Continuous transmission regardless of the bit rate No audible interference problems like in GSM Admission control in RNC allocates those bit rates that can be used on physical layer
power Higher bit rate Lower bit rate Medium bit rate
DPDCH DPCCH
10 ms frame
9 NOKIA
10 ms frame
10 ms frame
Dedicated uplink PhCH

DPDCH fields
Slot Format #i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Channel Bit Rate (kbps) 15 30 60 120 240 480 960 Channel Symbol Rate (ksps) 15 30 60 120 240 480 960
DPCCH fields
Slot Format #i 0 0A 0B 1 2 2A 2B 3 4 5 5A 5B Channel Bit Rate (kbps) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Channel Symbol Rate (ksps) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 SF Bits/ Frame 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Bits/ Slot 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Npilot NTPC NTFCI NFBI Transmitted slots per radio frame 15 10-14 8-9 8-15 15 10-14 8-9 8-15 8-15 15 10-14 8-9
SF 256 128 64 32 16 8 4
Bits/ Frame 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600
Bits/ Slot 10 20 40 80 160 320 640
Ndata 10 20 40 80 160 320 640
256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256
6 5 4 8 5 4 3 7 6 5 4 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
2 3 4 0 2 3 4 0 0 2 3 4
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
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Downlink dedicated physical channel

Time multiplexed DPCCH and DPDCH: DCH is carried by DPDCH Discontinuous transmission in DPDCH fields in order to handle variable data rates
Super frame 720 ms Frame22 Frame 1 1 Frame 10 ms Slot Slot 1 Slot Slot 2 Slot 15 Slot 16 Frame72 72 Frame
Data1 DPCCH
TPC DPDCH
TFCI
Data2
Pilot DPCCH
DPCCH DPDCH Slot 0.667 ms = 2/3 ms
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Downlink dedicated physical channel

DPDCH and DPCCH are now time multiplexed (The audible interference is not a problem in DL) The DPDCH and DPCCH have the same power and the same SF DPDCH spreading factor from 512 (7.5 ksps) to 4 (960 ksps) For example: SF = 8 3.84e6/8/1000=480 ksps=960 kbps Speech (AMR codec) 12.2 kbps + 384 kbps packet data + DCCH 3.4 kbps (12.23+3843+3.43=1198.80 960 (puncturing)) I/Q modulation (QPSK): 2 bit = 1 symbol
Q DPDCH/DPCCH
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Downlink Variable Rate

DPDCH bit rate can change frame-by-frame (10 ms) Rate matching done to the maximum bit-rate of the connection Lower bit rates obtained with discontinuous transmission (no audible interference) The usable DL bit-rate allocated by the Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms (in this case Admission Control) Discontinuous transmission:
Maximum bit-rate Data absent Lower bit-rate
DPCCH: Pilot + power control DPDCH: Data

13 NOKIA WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa
Downlink DPDCH and DPCCH fields

Slot Channel Channel Format Bit Rate Symbol #i (kbps) Rate (ksps) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 60 60 60 60 120 240 480 960 1920 7.5 7.5 15 15 15 15 15 15 30 30 30 30 60 120 240 480 960 SF Bits/Frame Bits/ Slot TOT 150 150 300 300 300 300 300 300 600 600 600 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 40 40 40 40 80 160 320 640 1280 DPDCH Bits/Slot NData1 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 6 4 6 4 4 20 48 112 240 NData2 2 2 14 14 12 12 8 8 28 28 24 24 56 120 240 496 1008 DPCCH Bits/Slot DPDCH 512 512 256 256 256 256 256 256 128 128 128 128 64 32 16 8 4 60 30 240 210 210 180 150 120 510 480 450 420 900 2100 4320 9120 18720 DPCCH 90 120 60 90 90 120 150 180 90 120 150 180 300 300 480 480 480 NTFCI NTPC 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 8* 8* 8* 8* 8* 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 8 8 8 NPilot 4 4 2 2 4 4 8 8 4 4 8 8 8 8 16 16 16
Half rate speech
144 kbps 384 kbps

14
The spreading factor = the number of orthogonal spreading codes With spreading factor of 4 and with 3 parallel code channels, 2 Mbps can be reached
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Codes in WCDMA
Two type of codes in WCDMA: Channelization Codes (Spreading code, short code, orthogonal code)

Scrambling Codes (=long code)

Length is dependent on spreading factor Used for channel separation from the single source Good orthogonality properties => decreased interference Useage have to be managed: If one code with low spreading factor is used, the code in the same code tree branch can not be used Same codes in every cell / mobiles and therefore the additional scrambling code is needed Very long (38400 chips), many codes available Uplink: to separate different mobiles Downlink: to separate different cells/sectors Good correlation properties:
The correlation between two codes (two mobiles) is low The autocorrelation is low when the phase shift 0. Then the multipath propagation does not have big impact on the interference levels
Channelisation code
Scrambling code
DATA
data rate
15 NOKIA
Chip Rate (W)
Chip Rate (W)
Orthogonal Codes in Downlink

Codes c1=[-1 1 1 -1], c2=[1 1 1 1] are orthogonal: c1*c2T=0 If two downlink users use orthogonal codes (+ same scrambling code) they dont interfere each other in MS reception. This is the case when there is only one multipath channel. In a channel with several multipaths, the orthogonality does not hold anymore and also DL channels begin to interfere each others Orthogonal codes have to be reserved for dedicated channels common channels soft-handover users shared channels1 The maximum capacity with one set of orthogonal codes under one scrambling code: Full rate speech (SF=128): 98 channels Half rate speech <7.95 kbps (SF=256): 196 channels Data: 2.5 Mbps The code channels does not limit the capacity in practice but the interference of the network Second set (code tree) can be obtained by using 2nd scrambling code increases the interference due to loss of orthogonality Needed in smart antenna applications
Long and short codes

Short Code = Channelisation Code Uplink Usage Downlink Long Code = Scrambling Code Uplink Separation of mobiles Downlink Separation of cells Separation of Separation of different users DPDCH and DPCCH within one sector from the same MS 4, 8, 256 chips, depends on bitrate 4, 8, 512 chips, depends on bit-rate
Length
Number of Codes
= spreading factor (sf=4
4 codes)
1) 10 ms = 38400 10 ms = 38400 chips chips 2) 256 chips can be used with advanced receiver algorithms 16.8 million 512, easier to find by MS and still easy to plan by network planner (different codes in adjacent cells)
Code Family
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Gold code (long 10ms code) Factor (OVSF). The codes used have to be orthogonal. Have to be managed by the system
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The tree of orthogonal short codes in DL

Hierarchical selection of short codes from a "code tree" to maintain orthogonality Several long scrambling codes can be used within one sector to avoid shortage of short codes
C3(0) = [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]
C2(0) = [ 1 1 1 1 ] C3(1) = [ 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ]
... ...
C1(0) = [ 1 1 ]
C3(2) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 ] C2(1) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 ] C3(3) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1] C3(4) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 ] C2(2) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 ]
... ... ... ... ... ...
Example of code allocation
C0(0) = [ 1 ]
C1(1) = [ 1 -1 ]
C3(5) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 ] C3(6) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 ] C2(3) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 ] C3(7) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 ]
Spreading factor: SF = 1
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SF = 2
SF = 4
SF = 8
Two code layer scheme, downlink

Cell
Lo n (s g c cr od am e bl lay in e g) r
LC0 LC LC 22
LC1
od e
la ye r
Sh or tc
SC0-SCn SC0-SCn
SC0-SCn
Orthogonal sets of SCs within one LC phase
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Downlink shared channel (DSCH) (1/2)

The number of orthogonal codes in downlink is limited and the code is reserved according to the maximum bit rate in transport format set variable bit rate connections consume a lot of code resources downlink shared channel concept which uses the same branch of the code tree DSCH is shared between a group of downlink users For packet data services Existence of data on DSCH for a particular user can be indicated with TFCI (frame basis) or with higher layer signalling (slower) Associated with DL dedicated channel (DCH): TPC, decoding info DSCH is not frame synchronized with the corresponding dedicated channel
Slot 0.667 ms DSCH Physical channel 2 (SPCH) Pilot TPC TFCI DPCCH
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Data DPDCH
Frame structure for the DSCH when associated to a DCH.
Downlink shared channel (DSCH) (2/2)

SF=16 SF=8
P1 t1
SF=8
SF=4
SF=16 SF=8 SF=16 SF=32
t2
P2
SF=16
DSCH branch
t3
P3
SF=32
Basic allocation principle: P1P2P3

Uplink Common Channels
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

With Random Access Channel (RACH) power ramping is needed with preambles since the initial power level setting in the mobile is very coarse with open loop power control Preamble: mobile sends 256 repetitions of 16 chip (1 preamble = 4096 chips) signature sequence with increasing power L1 acknowledgement: base station acknowledges the sequences received with high enough power level (AICH = Acquisition Indication CH) Mobile RACH message follows the acknowledgement Can be used also for Data transmission Message part length 10 or 20 ms L1 ACK / AICH Downlink / BS Not detected
P2 P1
RACH
SF=256 to 16 short packets 1 or 2 frames
Uplink / MS Preamble
23 NOKIA
Preamble
Message part
Physical Common Packet Channel (CPCH)

Extenssion for RACH: for data transmission, same data-rate as in UL DPDCH RACH preamble signature sequences are used Initial access channels indicated by CSICH channel Differences to RACH: Several Frames, Fast Power Control, no SHO Collision detection preamble part: RACH preamble signature sequences used, different scrambling code reduces the collision probability (because of many frames and more data to loose). Power control information from DPCCH Maximum duration (N*10msec) from the network
CPCH AP-AICH CPCH-CD, CA-ICH
DL
P1 P0 Pj Pj
Message Part
UL
4096 chips [10] msec Access Preamble Collision Resolution Preamble N*10 msec Control Data
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Downlink Common Channels
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Downlink Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary and secondary CPICH Primary CPICH
Unmodulated, fixed rate, fixed power channel scrambled with the cell specific primary scrambling code Used as a phase reference 15 kbps, SF=256 (Cch,256,0) Used in handover measurements: CPICH Ec/I0 Used for channel estimation
Pre-defined symbol sequence Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits = 10 symbols
Slot #0 Slot #1
Slot #i Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
Secondary CPICH
Used with multiple antenna beams
Frame #0 Frame #1
Frame #i Tsuper = 720 ms
Frame #71
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Carrying the Broadcast Channel (BCH) Contains random access codes, code channels of other common channels Pure DATA channel: channel estimation from Common pilot channel Needs to be demodulated by all the terminals in the system: High Tx power needed Fixed data rate (30 kbps=15ksps), channellization code length 256 Cch,256,0 No power control
27 NOKIA 256 chips (Tx OFF) Data 18 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
Tf = 10 ms
Frame #0 Frame #1
Frame #i
Frame #71
Tsuper = 720 ms
P-CCPCH and SCH are time multiplexed (SCH used in TxOFF period of above shown figure)
Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

For initial cell search for the MS The Primary SCH consists of a modulated code of length 256 chips which is identical for every cell of the system The Secondary SCH (S-SCH) consists of repeatedly transmitting a length 15 sequence of modulated codes of length 256 chips, the Secondary Synchronisation Codes (SSC), transmitted in parallel with the Primary SCH. The SSC is denoted csi,k where i = 1, 2, , 64 is the number of the scrambling code group, and k = 0, 1, , 14 is the slot number SSC code of each slot is one of 16 codes out of total number of 256 orthogonal short codes
Slot #0 Primary SCH acp acp acsi,1 Slot #1 acp acsi,14 Slot #14
Secondary acsi,0 SCH 256 chips 2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame

Cell Search Procedure

MS knows the 256 chip code word of the Primary SCH (P-SCH) = system specific code The Matched Filter (MF) output in MS tells the time location of the P-SCH and also S-SCH (P-SCH and S-SCH are time aligned) Chip, symbol and slot synchronization MS checks in each slot position 16 possible SSC sequences (240 checkings) and selects which gives the highest correlation value 15 codes, 1 for each slot This cyclic shift is unique and it gives the frame synchronization and the scrambling code group (64 scrambling code groups each having 8 codes = 512 scrambling codes)
Read P-CCPCH to decode BCH: System and cell specific BCH information
MS correlates each 8 scrabling codes with CPICH and finds the scrambling code of the cell by finding the maximum correlation value
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Other DL Common Channels

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) Carries Forward Access Channel (FACH) and Paging Channel (PCH) which can be mapped to same or different S-CCPCH SF=256 (15 ksps) to 4 (960 ksps) No TPC Active only when data available Acqusistion Indicator Channel (AICH) User for RACH channel indication For the detection of AICH MS used Common pilot channel To all MS in the cell: high power, low data rate Paging Indicator channel (PICH) A terminal registered to the network is allocated a paging group When there are paging messages coming for any UEs of that group the Paging Indicator will be send on PICH. After that UE decodes the next PCH message on S-CCPCH to find out whether there was paging messages intended for it This procedure decreases the power consumption of the UE
Timing and synchronization

Network Synchronization distribution of the synchronization references to nodes Node Synchronization estimation and compensation of timing between nodes (BSs) Timing relationship between Physical Channels SFN transmitted on P-CCPCH used as a timing reference SCH, CPICH, P-CCPCH and PDSCH have identical frame timing S-CCPCH timing offset from P-CCPCH is multiple of 256 DPCH timing offset from P-CCPCH is multiple of 256 Transport Channel Synchronization CFN is a unique number for RRC connection and is associated with each Transport Block Set (TBS). BFN is the BS common frame counter (0-4095) RFN is the RNC common frame counter (0-4095) CFN is mapped to SFN of the first radio frame used for TBS transmission (L1L2) by using Frame Offset parameter computed by RNC In SHO the Frame Offsets of different links are selected by RNC in order to have timed transmissions over air interface
31
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Timing and synchronization

Radio Interface Synchronization Serving RNC transmit the default offset value to UE in order to inform the UE when the frames in the downlink are expected. The offset is generated so that the transmitting frames are not overlapping in order to avoid high power caused by transmitting pilot symbols Radio Interface synchronization is necessary to assure that the UE receives radio frames synchronously from different cells in order to minimize UE buffers UE measures the timing of DPCH and the target cell SFN and report it to RNC. RNC informs BSs about the timing difference which rounds it to closest 256 chip boundary and then uses it for the downlink DPCH transmission
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Radio frame timing

256 chips
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Uplink spreading on dedicated channels

Uplink channelization code Uplink scrambling code
DPDCH {-1,1}
QPSK modulation
d is the amplitude coefficient for data channel c is the amplitude coefficient for control channel
DPCCH {-1,1}
34 NOKIA
Uplink spreading on dedicated channels

One DPCCH and up to 6 DPDCH channels can be transmit simultaneously Spread signals (after channelization code) can be multiplied by gain factor (d for DPDCH and c for DPCCH ) The scrambling code is aligned with the radio frame. First scrambling chip corresponds to the beginning of radio frame DPCCH is always spread by code Cch,256,0 When only one DPDCH is to be transmitted the code is Cch,SF,k When more than one DPDCH is to be transmitted the code is Cch,4,k The scrambling code (MS specific) is complex valued. The scrambling code has been formed so that the rotation between chips within one symbol is limited to 90 (better power amplifier efficiency because there is no zero crossnings in the constellation Scrambling code and minimum SF are assigned by network in the beginning of connection
Downlink spreading and modulation

Downlink channelization code
Downlink scrambling code same in all DL channels (except SCH)
complex value input to modulation
cos(t)
I Q
DPDCH bit or DPCCH bit
+
-sin(t)
other DL channel Sum over all DL physical channels except synchronization channel (SCH)
QPSK modulation
Downlink spreading code

Same channelization code (=short code=spreading code) as in uplink (OVSFcode). Orthogonal codes Typically one code tree per cell: Code tree shared between all downlink users Code for CPICH = Cch,256,0 and for P-CCPCH = Cch,256,1 Resource manager assigns the channelization code for other channels Downlink SF does not vary on frame by frame bases, except for DSCH
data rate variation is taken care of with rate matching or with L1 DTX
In multicode tranmissions (high bit rates > 1 Mbps) the parallel code channels have different channellization code under the same scrambling code but the same SF
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Downlink scrambling code

Long scrambling code (218-1=262143 codes) Only 38400 chips from the beginning of the code is used The DL scrambling code is time aligned with the scrambling code of PCCPCH channel which is the timing reference From these only 8192 codes, devidid into 512 sets, are used in WCDMA in order to speed up the cell search Each code set includes 1 primary and 15 secondary scrambling (other PhCH) codes. 512 primary scr. codes has been devided into 64 subgroups Each cell is allocated one primary scrambling code (carrying P-CCPCH, P-CPICH, PICH, AICH and S-CCPCH) Other channels can use the primary scrambling code or secondary code from the same set. If the secondary code is used the orthogonality is lost reduction of system performance

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WCDMA Physical Layer

31.1.2002 Kari Heiska

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

What is Physical layer?

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Main 3G requirements on Physical layer

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Functions of the physical layer

Channel coding, interleaving, rate matching

Bit-error ratio (BER), Signal-to-Interference ratio (SIR), Transmission power (TxP),

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Radio frame (10ms) #0 Slot (0.667 ms) #0

I/Q code multiplexed with complex scrambling

Time multiplexed with complex scrambling DL

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Variable bit rate (dedicated channels)

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Uplink dedicated physical channel

Uplink dedicated physical channel

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Uplink variable rate

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Dedicated uplink PhCH

Bits/ Frame 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600

Bits/ Slot 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

Ndata 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Downlink dedicated physical channel

DPCCH DPDCH Slot 0.667 ms = 2/3 ms

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Downlink dedicated physical channel

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Downlink Variable Rate

DPCCH: Pilot + power control DPDCH: Data

Downlink DPDCH and DPCCH fields

Half rate speech

144 kbps 384 kbps

Scrambling Codes (=long code)

Chip Rate (W)

Chip Rate (W)

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Orthogonal Codes in Downlink

Long and short codes

= spreading factor (sf=4

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

The tree of orthogonal short codes in DL

C3(2) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 ] C2(1) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 ] C3(3) = [ 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1] C3(4) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 ] C2(2) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 ]

... ... ... ... ... ...

Example of code allocation

C3(5) = [ 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 ] C3(6) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 ] C2(3) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 ] C3(7) = [ 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 ]

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Two code layer scheme, downlink

Orthogonal sets of SCs within one LC phase

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Downlink shared channel (DSCH) (1/2)

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Frame structure for the DSCH when associated to a DCH.

Downlink shared channel (DSCH) (2/2)

SF=16 SF=8 SF=16 SF=32

Basic allocation principle: P1P2P3

Uplink Common Channels

WCDMA_physical.PPT/ 31.1.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)