Spread Footing Design

Digital Canal Corporation

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Digital Canal Corporation and the Digital Canal Corporation logo are trademarks of Digital Canal Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Digital Canal Corporation wishes to thank the following people for their efforts in the development of Spread Footing Design: Clint Auderer Dan Horn

Copyright 2010 by Digital Canal Corporation. All rights reserved. Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Digital Canal Corporation has carefully prepared this program, including research, development and testing to ascertain its effectiveness and accuracy. However, no warranty of any kind is made with respect to this program or its related material except as may be expressly stated in the licensing agreement or other contractual document. In no event is Digital Canal Corporation to be liable for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance or use of this program.

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Contents
SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... I GETTING STARTED ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Authorization .......................................................................................................................................................1 Technical Support .................................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 SOLUTION PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................................................4 NOTES .........................................................................................................................................................................5 INPUT PALLETS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 FILE PALLET ..................................................................................................................................................................7 GEOMETRY PALLET.........................................................................................................................................................8 Footing Geometry ................................................................................................................................................9 Soil Properties ....................................................................................................................................................10 LOADS PALLET .............................................................................................................................................................11 Column Loads .....................................................................................................................................................12 Surcharge Loads .................................................................................................................................................14 Load Combinations.............................................................................................................................................15 DESIGN PALLET............................................................................................................................................................16 Material Properties ............................................................................................................................................17 Safety Factors .....................................................................................................................................................18 Dimension Limits ................................................................................................................................................19 Solve ...................................................................................................................................................................20

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Getting Started
Authorization
An Unlock Code is a numeric string that authorizes Digital Canal product(s) to be run on your computer. It is a unique number that corresponds to the Serial Number, which is unique to your computer. To authorize, or unlock, your Digital Canal software, follow the steps below. After launching a Digital Canal program, you will be prompted to authorize your copy of the software.

If you answer No, you will have a 5-day grace period in which you can authorize your software. If you answer Yes, the License dialog box will be displayed.

Press the Request Authorization button to launch the Request Authorization dialog box.

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Fill in your companys information. It is very important that you give complete information so that we can return your unlock code to you with no delays. To send us your request, use one of the following methods: Send button: when you press the Send button, your request is automatically sent to us via the internet. Print button: print the form and fax it to 563-690-2003 Save As button: save the request form to a file and email it to authcodes@digitalcanal.com.

When you receive your unlock code from Digital Canal, type it in the Unlock Code edit field on the License dialog box (below).

Press the Unlock button to complete the process.

Authorization Codes FAQs

Do I have to wait for an Unlock Code before I can run my Digital Canal Software? o No. However, the program will be unable to print during the 5-day grace. We recommend that you request the unlock code as soon as possible. We will make every effort to ensure that you receive your software authorization keys in a timely manner, usually the same day. What happens if I don't contact Digital Canal to get my Unlock Code?

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The software will no longer operate 5 days after installation. Re-installing the software does not restart the grace period. Do I have to obtain authorization codes for each machine running Digital Canal software? o Yes. Unlock codes are machine specific and licenses are sold on a per-machine basis. What if I need to re-install my system? o As long as you re-install on the same hard drive on the same machine, your Unlock Code should work. A new hard drive or CPU will generate a different Serial Number, and your original Unlock Codes will not be recognized. o

Technical Support
At times, you may require help solving a problem. If you do, Digital Canal is available to help you. Before calling, we ask that you consult the programs documentation to see if it has the answer to your question. Technical Support is offered to you free of charge for 60 days after the date of purchase of the module. Support contracts are available at an additional charge through your Account Executive, or Digital Canal will bill you directly for the support time incurred. If you need assistance: Call: (800) 449-5033 (563) 690-2000 (outside the United States) 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Central time, Monday - Thursday 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Central time, Friday support@digitalcanal.com (563) 690-2003

Email: Fax:

To make the support process more efficient, you will be asked to provide us with your company information so that we can assign you a Case ID. Since you will probably be asked to provide information from your computer, we recommend that you call from a telephone that is near your computer. Also, be sure to have the following information ready for the Support Engineer: Software product and version Operating system (Windows XP, Windows Vista, etc.) Background information about your question or problem

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Introduction
Spread Footing Design will design or check an isolated column footing for size and reinforcement requirements. Design loads include vertical compressive and tensile column loads, downward surcharges, moments about both axes (biaxial bending) and horizontal forces. Design calculations are made in accordance with ACI 318-2008. Spread Footing Design is not intended to replace the presence of a qualified structural engineer. Instead, the software augments the capabilities of qualified professionals. A solid working knowledge of the principles of structural engineering is expected of the operator.

Solution Procedure
Soil pressures and working loads are used to size the footing or check an existing one for overturning, sliding and uplift. Two values of allowable soil pressure can be specified. One is used to check against the average pressure on the footing, while the other will check the absolute maximum soil pressure. In areas where code officials make no differentiation between allowable soil pressures, the same value can be used for both inputs. For a footing with uniaxial bending, the program will allow for part of the footing to be in an uplift situation (the resultant force falling outside of the Kern limit). When this situation is encountered the standard pressure formula of: = Is modified to: = Where e is the eccentricity: = Footings with biaxial bending will be sized so that no negative pressures exist due to bending. The program uses the concept of gross and net pressure. First the total gross pressure is calculated using the applied loads, total surcharge, overburden and weight of the footing. The net pressure is then calculated as the gross pressure minus the overburden pressure and the differential weight of the footing and displaced soil. Thus only the added contribution of the weight of the footing above that of the soil that it displaces is included in the net pressure. The net pressure is then compared to the allowable pressures. While some engineers design footings using gross pressure, the most widely accepted procedure is to design footings only for loads that occur in addition to the in situ forces already on the soil (net). To resist direct uplift, the program utilizes the surcharge, overburden, weight of the footing & soil and shear strength (if any) in a failure zone surface that extends perpendicularly above the footing. The program conservatively neglects any contribution due to a sloped failure surface. The procedure is similar to that of Bowles. Horizontal loads are resisted by a combination of friction along the bottom surface of the footing and passive pressure on the footing face. If this is not sufficient, the program will size a key along the entire width of the footing on which additional passive pressure will act to resist the excess applied loads. 6 +

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By default, Spread Footing Design uses load combinations per ACI 318-2008, but the user may add, delete or modify these. When computing soil pressures, the program does not reduce the transient loads such as wind loads as was commonplace in older building codes. If the user would like to reduce these loads then they can enter the load with the reduction factor and then increase the load factor (for concrete design) accordingly. The design computations and code checks of the concrete are based on various sections of ACI Standard 318-2008. The two-way shear stresses are determined in a manner similar to the procedure used for flat plate floors, which allows for 2,3 or 4-sided resisting areas that may result from the column location being close to the edge of the footing. All concrete design is based on ultimate strength design (USD). Spread Footing Design will determine a minimum amount of reinforcement to resist shrinkage and temperature forces but does not require a minimum amount of flexural reinforcement.

Notes
Maximum Reinforcement: The maximum reinforcement ratio (ACI 10.3.5) is not checked for the top steel (negative moments). In the vast majority of cases, negative moments in the footing will require less steel than the positive moments (bottom steel), which is designed using this constraint. In the case of vertical uplift, the footing will generally become so large that the minimum steel requirement is more likely to govern. Although a footing with uplift and large surcharge loads might be able to produce a large enough moment to cause a problem, this is quite rare. Biaxial Soil Pressures: Since the soil pressure distribution for footings with uplift due to biaxial loads is not readily available and the pressure distribution under the footing is used to compute design shears (ultimate loads), the program sizes the footing so that biaxial corner pressures are greater than or equal to zero for both service and ultimate conditions. Column Bearing: Spread Footing Design checks the bearing capacity of the concrete under the column. If a baseplate is present, the program simply checks the bearing stress on the footing concrete. If no baseplate is specified, the column is considered to be made of concrete. In this case, a required area of dowel steel is given when the concrete bearing capacity is inadequate to transfer the column load. Column Bearing: When both column and baseplate dimensions are specified, Spread Footing Design uses the average of the baseplate and column dimensions for the loaded area. The issue is not well addressed by the code; our general impression is that the full area defined by the base plate is appropriate. However, our research indicated that some texts use the area defined by a perimeter drawn trough the bolt holes in the plate. For the sake of simplicity, the usage of the average of the plate and column dimensions is a reasonable approximation. Column Bearing: When computing the bearing capacity of the column - footing interface, the program assumes that at least the minimum column reinforcing steel (0.5%) is present. When required, the computed dowel steel is adjusted accordingly. Column Bearing: Provisions of ACI 10.14 are applied to the bearing capacity. Note that a column offset can affect the column bearing capacity!

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Input Pallets
Spread Footing Design represents a new direction in software technology. It utilizes Microsofts Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) technology, which is described in the following quote taken from Microsofts website: Windows Presentation Foundation is a powerful addition to the application developer or designer's toolbox. As the strategic presentation foundation for future releases of Windows, it provides a model which takes full advantage of the underlying graphical hardware and offers support for everything from standalone applications to Web browser-based applications to documents. In other words, WPF is the future of Windows. In fact, Windows Vista was built using WPF technology. If you have used Windows Vista, you will have undoubtedly noticed that it is has much higher quality graphics, improved ergonomics and is much more stable and secure than any previous versions of Windows. What does WPF mean to your Digital Canal Software? 1. WPF technology enabled us to replace traditional menus and toolbars with more ergonomic controls. Similar to Microsofts Office Ribbon, Digital Canals Input Pallets are specifically designed to guide you through the operation of the program as well as make all of the programs functionality readily available. WPF applications utilize very high quality graphics, which can fully utilize the capabilities of modern graphics cards. Programs not utilizing these technologies will look quite coarse and blurry in comparison. Integration of Microsofts DirectX technology. DirectX is a graphics programming language, similar to OpenGL, which is used to build very high quality graphic software. Most video games and many CAD applications are built with DirectX. Portability. WPF applications are very modular in nature; this will allow us to integrate programs in ways we never have before.

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File Pallet

The File pallet found in Spread Footing Design contains commands typically found in all Windows applications. These commands are briefly described in the table below: Icon Command New Open File Save Save As Close Units Set Defaults Description Starts a new file by loading default values. Opens an existing input file. Save the current data using the current file name. Save the current data with a new file name. Close the program. Set the system of units for both inputs and outputs. Copies the current value of all the inputs and saves them to a file that is loaded (as default inputs) each time the program is loaded or a new problem started. Input information about the job to be printed in the report. Open the manual.

Job Information Help

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Geometry Pallet

The Geometry Pallet is used to input the footing geometry and soil properties, these inputs are described in the following pages:

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Footing Geometry

Field Column Dimensions

Description The Column Dimensions are the section dimensions of the column or pedestal that rests on the footing. If the Z dimension is left blank, the column is assumed to be round with a diameter equal to the X dimension. Column Dimensions are used to determine the critical design section in the footing. Column Offsets specify the distance between the centroid of the column and the centroid of the footing. By default, the centroids are assumed to coincidethe default offset distances are zero. The distance to the bottom steel and top steel (if any) measured from the respective footing face to the centroid of the steel. The Footing Dimensions are the plan dimensions of the footing parallel to the X and Zaxes. If both dimensions are entered, the program will operate in check mode and check the footing using these dimensions. If either dimension is left blank, the program will determine it. If both dimensions are left blank the program will design a square footing. The Base Plate Dimensions are the plan dimensions of the base plate parallel to the X and Z-axes. If either value is left blank, it is assumed that there is no base plate. Like the Column Dimensions, the Base Plate Dimensions are used to determine the critical design sections in the footing. The minimum depth of the footing; if the program is run in design mode the program will increment this value to find the required thickness. If the program is run in check mode (i.e. both footing dimensions are specified) the program will not change the thickness and warns if the thickness is inadequate. Allowable soil pressure is entered as two values. The Vertical value is the average pressure permitted under the footing, and is computed as the average of the pressures at the four corners. The Flexural value is the absolute maximum soil pressure permitted under the footing, taken as the largest of the corner pressures.

Column Offsets

Steel Offsets Footing Dimensions

Base Plate Dimensions

Minimum Thickness

Allowable Soil Pressure

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Soil Properties

Field Friction Density

Description The coefficient of friction between the footing and the soil below it. Friction is used to compute the footings sliding resistance. Density is the soil density for the soil in the vicinity of the footing. The density is primarily used to compute the weight of the soil above the top of the footing and to determine the in situ pressure at the bottom of the footing. Cohesion is the shear strength of the soil attributed to its stickiness; generally characteristic of clay type soils. Values have units of force per unit area. Phi Angle is the value of the angle of internal friction for the soil below the footing. The angle of internal friction is used with the Cohesion to determine the shear strength of the soil. Footing Depth is the distance from the bottom of the footing to the soil surface.

Cohesion Phi Angle

Footing Depth

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Loads Pallet

Spread Footing Design designs/checks footings subject to column loads (moment, shears and axial forces) as well as surcharges (area loads) on the footing. The Loads Pallet is used to input the loads and define load combinations. These commands are described in the following pages.

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Column Loads
Column loads are unfactored working loads imposed on the footing from the column. These values will generally be the opposite (multiplied by negative one) of the reactions given in a frame analysis. It is important to realize that the loads are unfactored, so reactions from analyses should be taken from the load case results, not those from load combinations. Spread Footing Design can design footings to accommodate groups of columns. The resulting design will be for a spread footing that will be suitable for all of the inputted columns. The Load Manager (below) is used to enter the unfactored loads for up to 10 columns.

Field New

Description The New button launches the Loads Input dialog box (below), which is used to enter axial forces, biaxial moments and horizontal forces acting on the footing. The Edit button launches the Loads Input dialog box (below), which is used to view and edit values previously input. The Copy button launches the Copy Load dialog box, which is used to copy a column load. The program will prompt for a new ID & Description. The Delete button is used to permanently remove column loads from the project.

Edit

Copy

Delete

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Loads Input

Field ID Description Dead, Live, Wind, Earthquake, Roof

Description An index number used to identify the column loading. An alpha-numeric string used to identify the column loading. Working loads (axial force and moments) for each of the respective load cases. Values are assumed to occur at the column center. Loads are input at the bottom of the footing the diagram below is meant to illustrate the sign convention only. Notes: Roof loads include roof live loads, rain loads and snow loads. Note the sign convention; axial column forces are negative downward.

Horiz. Load

The total working horizontal or shearing force at the base of the column. The input value should include the sum of dead, live, wind, earthquake, roof and any other loads. Horizontal loads are used for stability (sliding) checks. Horizontal loads act at the bottom of the footing.

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Surcharge Loads

Surcharge loads are uniform area loads placed over the footing. Surcharge loads of different magnitudes can be placed on each of the four footing quadrants defined from the column center (not the footing center!). Surcharge loads are treated like dead loads and factored accordingly. Positive surcharge loads act downward as illustrated below; only positive values can be entered.

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Load Combinations

Field New

Description The New button launches the New Combination dialog box, which is used to create a new load combination and define the load factors for each of the available load cases (dead, live, wind, earthquake and roof). The Edit button launches the Edit Combination dialog box, which is used to view or change load factors of a selected combination. The Copy button copies the selected load combination and adds it to the end of the list. The Remove button permanently removes the selected load combination from the list. The ACI 2008 button clears the load combination list and restores it with the combinations listed in the ACI 318-2008.

Edit

Copy Remove ACI 2008

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Design Pallet

The Design Pallet is used to define material properties, safety factors, dimension limits and to perform the design. These commands are described in the following pages.

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Material Properties

Field Steel Yield (fy) Concrete Strength (fc) Concrete Density

Description The yield stress of the reinforcement. The compressive strength of the footing concrete. The weight density of the footing concrete. If a value of less than 115 pcf is input, Spread Footing Design considers the concrete lightweight. Lightweight concrete has reduced strength and increased development length requirements. The compressive strength of the column concrete. The Column fc is used to check the bearing stresses at the column-footing interface.

Column (fc)

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Safety Factors

Field Uplift Overturning Sliding

Description Ratio of uplift resistance to uplift forces. Uplift resistance is generally provided by footing weight, soil weight and shear strength of the soil. Ratio of overturning resistance to overturning forces. Overturning resistance is generally provided by footing & soil weight and the lever arm created by the footing dimensions. Ratio of sliding resistance to sliding forces. Sliding resistance is generally provided by friction, cohesion and passive soil pressure. Sliding resistance can be increased with a footing key.

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Dimension Limits

Field Length Increments

Description Length Increments define the change in dimensions (footing length, thickness and key depth) used by the program to step toward the best solution. Length Increments should be small enough to give economical designs but large enough to make construction practical. The default values were chosen to balance these. The Footing Dimension Limits are used to constrain the footing size. Minimum and maximum dimensions are input to prevent the program from outputting designs that are not feasible because of space limitations, construction practices or economics. The program defaults to values that will result in appropriate designs in most cases. As there are an infinite number of combinations of dimensions and steel areas that will satisfy given design criteria, it is necessary to establish some additional constraints on the footing. Spread Footing Design uses the ratio of the length of the footing side(s) to thickness for this (Minimum and Maximum Ratios). Like the Minimum and Maximum dimensions described above, the program defaults to values that generally result in appropriate designs.

Footing Dimension Limits

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Solve

The Solve command initiates the solution process. Once complete, the program will generate a report and launch it in the program assigned by Windows to the RTF extension (generally Microsoft Word). Notes: RTF extension refers to a file that is in Rich Text Format. Rich Text Format is an open format that allows formatted text and graphics to be exchanged between word processors. The format was developed by Microsoft and is recognized by their word processing applications such Word, Word Viewer and WordPad. By default Windows will associate WordPad with RTF files and use it to open them. If Word or Word Viewer is installed then one of these programs will be assigned. WordPad is generally not the best RTF application. During the program install you will be advised to install Microsoft Word Viewer. If you do not have Microsoft Word on your computer we recommend that you install Word Viewer. You can download Word Viewer from Microsofts website (http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?Familyid=95e24c87-8732-48d5-8689ab826e7b8fdf&DisplayLang=en).

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License Agreement DIGITAL CANAL CORPORATION LICENSE AGREEMENT:

THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTES THE COMPLETE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND DIGITAL CANAL AND SETS FORTH THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES. READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE CONTINUING INSTALLATION OF THIS SOFTWARE. BY CONTINUING INSTALLATION OF THIS SOFTWARE YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, YOU MUST PRESS NO AND PROMPTLY RETURN THIS PACKAGE AND, UPON RECEIPT OF SAME, THE PURCHASE PRICE (LESS COST OF SHIPMENT TO DIGITAL CANAL) WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU. 1. License. Digital Canal hereby grants you the nonexclusive right to: a) Use the software contained in this package in the United States on any single computer; and b) Read the software into and out of memory on any single computer and make one copy of each such software for backup purposes, provided that such copy contains all of the restrictive and proprietary legends of Digital Canal that may appear on the software contained in this package. Restrictions. You agree that you may not: a) Use the software simultaneously on more than one computer; b) Copy the software or any documentation, except and to the extent provided in paragraph 1(b) above; c) Sublicense, distribute, disclose, or transfer the software or documentation, in whole or in part to any third party; d) Use the software, documentation or any portion thereof after termination or cancellation of this Agreement, or the license granted hereunder; e) Use, distribute or deliver this product outside of the United States, if originally licensed in the United States; or f) Reverse-engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, or make any attempt to discover the source code to the software, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. Except as expressly permitted in this License Agreement, the software may not be used, copied, translated, redistributed, retransmitted, published, sold, rented, leased, marketed, sublicensed, pledged, assigned, disposed of, encumbered, transferred, altered, modified or enhanced, whether in whole or in part, nor may you create derivative works from or based on the software. You may not remove any proprietary notices, marks or labels from the software. g) The software is licensed as a single product and its component parts may not be separated for use on more than one computer. h) The restrictions set forth in this Paragraph 2 shall survive expiration, termination, or cancellation of this Agreement. Term and Termination. The term of this Agreement and the license granted to you pursuant to Paragraph 1 shall commence upon your installation of this software and shall terminate upon your discontinuing the use of the software. This Agreement and the license granted herein may be terminated/canceled by Digital Canal in the event you are in breach of any provision of the Agreement by notice to you as provided in Paragraph 7(d), below. Upon expiration or termination/cancellation of this Agreement, you shall immediately return the software, all copies thereof, and any documentation to Digital Canal. Ownership. a) Title, ownership rights and intellectual property rights in and to the Software Product shall remain in Digital Canal and its suppliers and are protected by national and international copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The software is licensed, not sold. There is no transfer to you of any title to or ownership of the software and the license granted under this License Agreement should not be construed as a sale of any right in the software. You must treat the software like any

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