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Abstract This paper presents the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PCC (Point of Common Coupling) current control strategy for grid-connected PV system using the ZSI (Z-source inverter). Several requirements of an inverter for PV-system and the shootthrough effect of the ZSI are analyzed. And then, the MPPT algorithm and PWM method for the ZSI are suggested. The feasibility is studied through the simulation and experiment with 3kW system. Keywords Z-source; PV-system; MPPT; microgird
I. INTRODUCTION Recently, the use of the renewable-energy generating system is increased dramatically because of the exhaustion of fossil fuel and the influence of the environment. The inverter, which converts the output of the renewable energy sources like photovoltaic energy, wind power, and fuel cell to an acceptable electrical source, has gained importance. The traditional inverters, such as the VSI (voltagesource inverter) and the CSI (current-source inverter) require one more separate DC/DC converter, resulting in two stage power conversions. This cascaded arrangement of two power converters increases not only the complexity of the circuitry and control but the cost and the space requirement. Moreover, the increased number of power switches results in a lower efficiency. The ZSI (Z-source inverter)[1] has a unique impedance
network. The ZSI can buck or boost the output voltage using the shoot-through state in a single stage. Besides, no dead time is needed, thus the output voltage is free from voltage distortion. Therefore, in the recent research, the ZSI was applied to the single stage conversion, such as the PV system [2], the fuel cell system[3], and the ac motor drive system[4]. The input current of the ZSI is discontinuous because of existence of the blocking diode, but the output current of PV array should be continuous, thus the LC filter must be installed at the input side of the ZSI. In this paper, the ZSI is used for the PV system. And MPPT algorithm and PWM method is suggested. The feasibility is verified through the simulation and experiment. REQUIREMENT OF AN INVERTER FOR THE GRIDCONNECTED PV SYSTEM The inverter for the grid-connected PV system must satisfy the following requirements. First, the inverter must be able to track the MPP because of the V-I characteristic of the PV array, as shown in Fig. 1. Second, it must be able to control the current at PCC. In other words, the magnitude and phase of the inverter output current should be controlled. Moreover, the current waveform must be sinusoidal. The traditional inverter such as Fig. 2 has two stages for MPPT control(boost converter) and PCC current control(VSI). In case of the ZSI, shoot-through time interval can be used to track the MPP and the PCC current is controlled by the conventional PWM switching scheme.
L1
II.
iL1 L2
iPV
C
VC
C dc
VDC
PV array
VDC
iGrid
P*
vGrid
iPV VC
Vcon
* va
* vb
* vc
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2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon 08), December 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
I L + iC
iin
iC
iout
(I L = iC ) (iC = iin I L )
I L iC
2I L
iin
2 I L iin
IL
2 VC
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III. SHOOT-THROUGH EFFECT ON THE PV SYSTEM During the shoot-through state, the input current of the ZSI is zero due to the blocking diode as shown in Fig. 3. The output current of PV array should be continuous for MPPT control. Therefore, an LC filter network was inserted in front of the Z-source impedance network. The output voltage of ZSI is zero during the shootthrough time interval, as shown in the Fig. 4. If the shootthrough time interval is in the active state, the output voltage is affected. Thus the shoot-through time interval should be located within the zero state in order not to affect the output voltage. The Fig. 5 shows the grid connected PV system using ZSI. It has only six active switches in the single stage and no LC filter. IV. MPPT AND PCC CURRENT CONTROL In this paper, the shoot-through state is used to control the MPPT, and the PCC current is controlled by VC regulation. The VC is the voltage of capacitor in the impedance network. A. MPPT With the ZSI, the longer the shoot-through time is, the
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v PV
VC + vL
PV array
=
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vin
VC