Chapter p 10

AnalysisofStaticallyIndeterminate Structures ForceMethodofAnalysis

MethodsofAnalysis
TwodifferentMethodsareavailable

Forcemethod
knownasconsistentdeformation,unitloadmethod, flexibilitymethod method,orthesuperpositionequationsmethod method. Theprimaryunknownsinthiswayofanalysisareforces

Displacement Di l tmethod th d
Knownasstiffnessmatrixmethod The Th primary i unknowns k aredisplacements di l

MethodsofAnalysis Forcemethodofanalysis
Thedeflectionorslopeatanypointonastructureasaresult ofanumberofforces,includingthereactions,isequalto the h algebraic l b i sumof fthe h deflections d fl i orslopes l atthis hi particularpointasaresultoftheseloadsacting individually

ForceMethodofAnalysis
GeneralProcedure
Indeterminatetothefirstdegree 1Compatibilityequationisneeded Choosingoneofthesupportreaction asaredundant d d t Thestructurebecomestatically determinate&stable DownwarddisplacementBatB calculated(loadaction) BBupward ddeflection d fl ti perunit itforce f atB Compatibilityequation 0=B +ByBB ReactionBy known Nowthestructureisstatically determinate

ForceMethodofAnalysis
GeneralProcedure

5

Indeterminatetothefirstdegree 1Compatibilityequationisneeded ChoosingMA atAasaredundant Thestructurebecomestatically determinate&stable RotationA atAcausedbyloadPis determined AArotationcausedbyunitcouple moment tapplied li dat t A Compatibilityequation 0=A +MAAA MomentMA known Nowthestructureisstatically determinate

ForceMethodofAnalysis
GeneralProcedure
Indeterminatetothe2nd degree 2Compatibilityequationsneeded RedundantreactionB&C DisplacementB& Ccausedby loadP1 &P2 aredetermined

ForceMethodofAnalysis
GeneralProcedure
BB&BCDeflectionperunitforce atBaredetermined CC&CBDeflectionperunitforce atCaredetermined Compatibilityequations 0=B +ByBB+CyBC 0=C +ByCB+CyCC Reactions R ti at tB&Careknown k Staticallydeterminatestructure

Maxwells Maxwell sTheorem

ThedisplacementofapointBona structureduetoaunitloadactingata pointAisequaltothedisplacementof pointAwhentheunitloadisactingat pointBtheis

fBC=fCB
TherotationofapointBonastructure duetoaunitmomentactingatapointAis equaltotherotationofpointAwhenthe unitmomentisactingatpointBtheis

BC=CB

ForceMethodofAnalysis
ProcedureforAnalysis
Determinethedegreeofstaticallyindeterminacy Identifytheredundants,whetheritsaforceoramoment,thatwould betreatedasunknowninordertoformthestructurestatically determinate&stable Calculatethedisplacementsofthedeterminatestructureatthepoints wheretheredundantshavebeenremoved Calculatethedisplacementsatthesesamepointsinthedeterminate structureduetotheunitforceormomentofeachredundants individually Workoutthecompatibilityequationateachpointwherethereisa redundant&solvefortheunknownredundants Knowingthevalueoftheredundants,useequilibriumtodeterminethe remainingreactions
9

BeamDeflectionsandSlopes
Positive(+) ( )

P 3 2 x Lx = 3 ( ) 6EI at x = L

max

PL3 = 3EI

max

PL 2 = 2EI

M0 2 = x 2EI at x = L

max

M 0 L2 = 2EI

max =

M 0L EI

BeamDeflectionsandSlopes
Positive(+) ( )

w 4 3 2 2 = 4 + 6 x Lx L x ) ( 24EI wL 4 max = at x = L 8EI

P L 3 2 v = 4x 3L x ) , 0 x ( 48EI 2 L PL3 at x = max = 2 48EI L PL 2 at x = 0 or max = 2 16EI

max

wL3 = 6EI

BeamDeflectionsandSlopes
Pbx 2 2 2 v = L b x , 0x a ( ) 6LEI Pab ( L + b ) Pab ( L + a ) L = R = 6LEI 6LEI

Positive(+)

wx 3 2 3 v = x 2 Lx + L ( ) 24EI L 5wL L4 at x = max = 2 384EI wL L3 max = 24EI

BeamDeflectionsandSlopes Positive(+)
wx 9L3 24Lx 2 + 16x 3 ) 0x L ( 2 384EI wL = 8x 3 24Lx 2 + 17 L 2 x L3 ) ( 384EI L x L 2 3wL3 7wL3 L = R = 128EI 384EI

M 0x 2 2 v = x 3 Lx + 2 L ( ) 6EIL M 0 L2 max = 9 2EI M 0L M 0L L = R = 6EI 3EI

Example1
DeterminethereactionatB
Indeterminatetothe1st degree th oneadditional thus dditi lequation ti needed LetstakeBasaredundant DeterminethedeflectionatpointB intheabsenceofsupportB.Using themomentareamethod

14

B =

1 EI

6 2 + 300 . 6 6 2 3
3

506= 300kN.m A

50kN B B.M.D

B =

9000kN .m EI

Determinethedeflectioncausedby theunitloadatpointB

Example1
BB 1 = EI 12 2 12 12 2 3

15

BB

576m 3 = EI
A 112= 12m B B.M.D 1

Compatibilityequation 0=B +ByBB

0= 9000 576 + By EI EI

By =15.6kN ThereactionatBisknownnowso thestructureisstatically determinate&equilibrium equations i canbe b applied li dtoget therestoftheunknowns

B.M.D

Example2
DeterminethemomentatA
Indeterminatetothe1st degree th oneadditional thus dditi lequation ti needed LetstakeMA asaredundant DeterminetheslopeA atpointA ignoringthefixationatA.Usingthe momentareamethod

d1 =

1 EI

10 10 333.33 20 = 2 3 EI
A BMD B.M.D

20k ft 20k.ft B

d1 1 333.33 A = = . L EI 10 33.33k .f ft 2 A = EI

A Elastic Curve

d1 B

Example2
Determinerotationcausedbytheunit momentappliedatA

17

d2 =

1 EI

33.33 33 10 2 10 33 1 = 2 3 EI
1 A 1 B.M.D B

AA =

d2 1 33 33.33 33 3 3.33 33ft f = . = L EI 10 EI

Compatibilityequation 0=A +MAAA

33.33 3.33 +MA 0= EI EI

MA =10k.ft ThemomentatAisknownnowsothe structureisstaticallydeterminate

AA Elastic Curve

d2 B

Example3

Example3

Example3

Example3

Example4
Drawthemomentdiagram Neglecttheaxialload

22

A = B =

1 (375) EI 1 (291.7) EI
4 375 416.7 50 250 291.7

Conjugate Beam

Example4

AA = BA

6.67 EI 3.33 = EI 6.67 EI

BB = AB
0= 0=

3.33 = EI
375 6 67 3 33 6.67 3.33 +MA + M B EI EI EI

6.67 1 10

20(2/3)

3.33

291.7 291 7 3 33 6 67 3.33 6.67 +MA + M B EI EI EI

M B = 20.8k .ft

M A = 45.8k .ft

Example4

24

Example5
Determine the reaction at the support for the beam shown, EI is Constant.
Choose the internal moment at Internal support pp as the redundant

Compatibility Equations

Example5

Example5

Example p 6
Determine the support reactions on the frame shown EI is Constant.

Example p 6

Example p 6

Example p 7
Determine the moment at the fixed support A for the frame shown EI is Constant. Constant

Example p 7

Example p 7

Example p 7

ForceMethodofAnalysis:Truss
Example8
DeterminetheforceinmemberAC. A Assume EAis i the h samef forall llthe h members b

Example p 8

36

ForceMethodofAnalysis:Truss

Example9
Determinetheforceineachmemberiftheturnbuckleon memberACisusedtoshortenthememberby0.5in.Each memberhasacrosssectionareaof0.2 0 2in2 &E=29(106)psi

38

Example9

39

Example9

Example p 10
The beam shown is supported by a pin at A and two pin-connected bar at B. Determine the force in member BD. Take E=29(10 ( 3) ), I=800 in4 for the beam and A=3 in2 for each bar.

Example p 10

Example p 10

Symmetric y Structures

Antisymmetric y Structures

TransformationofLoading g

InfluenceLinesforStaticallyIndeterminateBeams ReactionatA

InfluenceLinesforStaticallyIndeterminateBeams ReactionatA

1 Ay = f DA f AA Scale Factor 1 f AA

InfluenceLinesforStaticallyIndeterminateBeams ShearatE

1 VE = f DE f EE Scale Factor 1 f EE

InfluenceLinesforStaticallyIndeterminateBeams MomentatE

1 ME = f DE EE Scale Factor 1 EE

Example p 11

Example p 11

Example p 11

Example p 11

Example p 12

Example p 12

Example p 12

Example p 12

Example p 13

Example p 13

Example p 13

Example p 13